阅读说明：本技术 一种万寿菊鲜花经二次发酵制成的肥料及其制备方法 (Fertilizer prepared by performing secondary fermentation on fresh marigold flowers and preparation method thereof ) 是由 赵国晶 赵现军 李欣欣 于 2021-09-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种万寿菊鲜花经二次发酵制成的肥料,按照重量百分比计,由以下原料发酵制成pH值低于4.5的液体肥料：第一次发酵压榨汁70％、食品级红糖15％和EM菌剂15％。同时还公开了一种万寿菊鲜花经二次发酵制成的肥料的制备方法,包括第一次发酵和第二次发酵,第一次发酵采用万寿菊鲜花、食品级乳酸菌和食品级酵母菌混合水溶液共同发酵并经压榨得到第一次发酵压榨汁,然后将第一次发酵压榨汁与EM菌、食品级红糖进行第二次发酵,得到肥料。本发明提出了万寿菊鲜花制成肥料的制作配方以及制作工艺,通过对万寿菊花鲜花进行二次发酵,提高了万寿菊鲜花制成的液体肥料的肥力,达到减少化学肥料施用、同时农业生产增产、增收的目的。(The invention discloses a fertilizer prepared by fermenting fresh marigold flowers for the second time, which is prepared by fermenting the following raw materials in percentage by weight into a liquid fertilizer with the pH value lower than 4.5: 70% of juice obtained by first fermentation, 15% of food-grade brown sugar and 15% of EM microbial inoculum. Simultaneously, the preparation method of the fertilizer prepared by the secondary fermentation of fresh marigold flowers comprises the first fermentation and the second fermentation, wherein the first fermentation adopts the mixed aqueous solution of the fresh marigold flowers, food-grade lactic acid bacteria and food-grade yeast to ferment together and squeeze to obtain first fermentation squeezed juice, and then the first fermentation squeezed juice, EM bacteria and food-grade brown sugar are subjected to the secondary fermentation to obtain the fertilizer. The invention provides a preparation formula and a preparation process for preparing fertilizer from fresh marigold flowers, which improve the fertility of liquid fertilizer prepared from fresh marigold flowers by carrying out secondary fermentation on the fresh marigold flowers, and achieve the purposes of reducing application of chemical fertilizer, increasing yield and income in agricultural production.)

1. The fertilizer is characterized by being prepared by carrying out primary fermentation and secondary fermentation on fresh marigold flowers, wherein a fermenting agent adopted in the primary fermentation is food-grade lactic acid bacteria and food-grade yeast, and a fermenting agent adopted in the secondary fermentation is an EM microbial inoculum.

2. The fertilizer prepared by the secondary fermentation of fresh marigold flowers according to claim 1, wherein the starter used in the first fermentation is a mixed aqueous solution of 0.75 parts by weight of food grade lactic acid bacteria and 0.25 parts by weight of food grade yeast.

3. The fertilizer prepared by the secondary fermentation of fresh marigold flowers according to claim 1, wherein the leavening agent adopted by the secondary fermentation is EM microbial inoculum, and the EM microbial inoculum comprises photosynthetic flora, lactic acid flora, yeast flora, actinomycete flora, filamentous flora or the combination of the beneficial flora.

4. The fertilizer prepared by secondary fermentation of fresh marigold flowers according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer is prepared by secondary fermentation of squeezed juice of fresh marigold flowers after primary fermentation, food-grade brown sugar and EM microbial inoculum to obtain liquid fertilizer with pH value lower than 4.5.

5. The fertilizer prepared by secondary fermentation of fresh marigold flowers according to claim 4, wherein the fertilizer comprises 60-80% of the first fermentation squeezed juice, 4-28% of food-grade brown sugar and 12-16% of EM microbial inoculum by weight percentage; wherein, the optimal mixture ratio is as follows: 70% of juice obtained by first fermentation, 15% of food-grade brown sugar and 15% of EM microbial inoculum.

6. A method for preparing a fertilizer prepared by secondary fermentation of fresh marigold flowers according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:

s1, first fermentation: collecting fresh marigold flowers, putting the collected fresh marigold flowers into a fermentation tank, uniformly spraying a mixed aqueous solution of 0.75 parts by weight of food-grade lactic acid bacteria and 0.25 parts by weight of food-grade yeast on the fresh flowers, fermenting for 7-10 days at normal temperature in a dark, sealed and anaerobic environment, squeezing to obtain first-time fermented squeezed juice, collecting the first-time fermented squeezed juice into a storage tank, and performing anaerobic storage for later use;

s2, secondary fermentation: adding the first fermentation squeezed juice and the food-grade brown sugar into a fermentation tank, fully dissolving and uniformly mixing, then adding the EM microbial inoculum, fully and uniformly mixing the raw materials, and fermenting for 10-15 days under the conditions of light and anaerobic conditions at the temperature of 28-35 ℃ to obtain the fertilizer.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of liquid fertilizers for agricultural production, in particular to a fertilizer prepared by twice fermentation of fresh marigold flowers and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The fertilizer is used in agricultural production, can achieve the purposes of increasing yield and income, and further improves the benefits brought by agricultural production. However, improper application of chemical fertilizers can lead to the following hazards:

(1) cause deterioration of physical and chemical properties of soil

The chemical fertilizer is unreasonably applied in the farmland for a long time, the nutrient utilization rate is low, effective components such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like are easy to lose and are consolidated by soil to form various salts, so that soil nutrient imbalance is caused, physical and chemical properties are deteriorated, the survival and propagation of beneficial microbial flora are restricted, harmful metals are accumulated, the variety and the number of pathogenic bacteria are increased, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are deteriorated, and the soil acidification, hardening and the soil productivity are reduced.

(2) Leading to the quality reduction of the agricultural products

Improper application of the fertilizer can cause plant malnutrition, reduced plant stress resistance, reduced photosynthetic products and reduced quality of agricultural products.

(3) Cause environmental pollution

After the chemical fertilizer is applied, part of the fertilizer which is not absorbed and utilized by plants is washed by rainwater to cause soil loss, and under the action of adverse factors such as surface runoff, infiltration, leaching and the like, the part of the fertilizer is infiltrated into underground water or flows into rivers along with the underground water or the rivers to cause pollution of the water body of the underground water and the rivers, and the part of the fertilizer is discharged into lakes to cause the water body to be gradually eutrophicated, thereby seriously influencing the sustainable development of ecological benefit, social benefit and economic benefit of the lakes.

Marigold belongs to the family of Compositae, is an artificially cultivated cultivar, is an annual taproot system herbaceous plant in dry land, and has multiple varieties and extremely wide ecological adaptability. China has plantation at the altitude of 80-3400 m. The artificially cultured cultivars are mainly planted in a wide area with an altitude of 1600-2200 m, have the highest comprehensive utilization value, and the xanthophyll extracted from the flowers of the cultivars is widely applied to food, feed, medicines and cosmetics besides gardening appreciation. The product is in short supply and demand in domestic and foreign markets, and has very wide prospect. At present, the planting area of marigold in Yunnan province reaches more than 40 mu of ten thousand mu, the yield of fresh flowers reaches more than 90 ten thousand tons, and the total value of the fresh flowers reaches 10 hundred million yuan. The method has the advantages of maximum planting area of marigold in Yunnan province and highest total yield of fresh flowers, is a green industry for regulating agricultural industrial structure, raising poverty in rural areas, making great leaders and farmers grow income and become rich, and promoting rural areas to revive and develop sustainably.

In the industrial production process of marigold lutein, about 80 million tons of juice generated every year by squeezing fresh marigold flowers is strong in acidity, and the juice is turned into putrefactive and stink black liquid after oxidation fermentation in a natural environment. Direct discharge of marigold juice can pollute air, water source, aquatic organisms and underground water, and can cause ecological environment problems such as soil acidification, hardening, crop death and the like. At present, about 80 million tons of juice are produced every year by squeezing flowers, partial juice is discharged after reaching the standard through purification treatment, but a large amount of capital, equipment and energy consumption are required to be invested, and the aim cannot be completely realized by applying the method.

The plant source liquid fertilizer prepared from the marigold squeezed juice can solve the problem of industrial production wastewater discharge, can be applied to agricultural planting and production processes, and can also solve the problems of deterioration of soil physicochemical properties, reduction of agricultural product quality, environmental pollution and the like caused by application of chemical fertilizers.

However, after many field tests, the results show that: directly applying the pressed juice of fresh marigold flowers (diluted by 50-300 times and applied twice), and directly applying the pressed juice of fresh marigold flowers to crops such as Chinese cabbages, flue-cured tobaccos, cabbages, beans and the like in proportion to fertilizer damage and loss caused by the crops with increased application concentration.

In the prior marigold lutein industrial extraction production process, single food-grade lactic acid bacteria are selected to ferment fresh flowers, the fermentation time for the fresh flowers to be fully fermented is too long (about 20 to 25 days), and the fresh flowers which cannot be fully fermented in the process are decayed to lose the use value of the fresh flowers, so that great loss is caused. The results of a plurality of tests and researches of the inventor prove that: the fresh flower is fermented by using the mixed aqueous solution of 0.75 ten-thousandth of food-grade lactic acid bacteria and 0.25 ten-thousandth of food-grade yeast, the fresh flower can be fully fermented in about 7 to 10 days, the time for fermenting and maturing the fresh flower is greatly shortened, and the phenomenon of putrefaction of the fresh flower caused by long-time stacking is effectively avoided.

For many years, the inventor selects Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), saccharomycetes (saccharomycetes), Bacillus subtilis), trichoderma (trichoderma spp.), pseudomonas fluorescens (P. fluorescens) and EM microbial inoculum to respectively perform fermentation experiments on fresh marigold flower squeezed juice, and the results of the experiments prove that: the EM microbial inoculum is used for fermentation under the raw materials, the using amount, the proportioning, the environmental conditions, the time and the method, the pH value of the prepared liquid fertilizer is most suitable for the activity of beneficial flora, the effects of removing putrefaction and malodor are best, and the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, amino acid, organic matters, protein and other nutritional ingredients beneficial to crops are highest.

The liquid fertilizer disclosed by the invention is prepared from fresh marigold flowers, is sufficient in raw material source, does not need to be adjusted by adding any chemical substance in the production process, is simple in production process and low in production cost, does not consume energy in the production process, does not discharge three wastes, and can effectively solve the technical problem that the waste water generated in the industrial production by marigold lutein extraction is urgently needed to be solved.

By implementing the technology, the juice generated by squeezing fresh flowers in the industrial production of extracting marigold lutein can be converted into high-quality liquid fertilizer for agricultural planting industry from waste water. Effectively solves the problem caused by direct discharge of fresh flower squeezed juice, and also saves a large amount of capital, equipment and energy consumption required by standard discharge of waste water purification treatment. Not only is an effective way for recycling industrial wastewater, but also provides a high-quality product for ecological agriculture.

The invention can reduce the application amount of chemical fertilizer, reduce the fertilizer cost of agricultural production investment and simultaneously has obvious effect on improving the yield and quality of crops by popularization and application of agricultural production. The sustainable development of ecological benefit, social benefit and economic benefit is achieved, and the market prospect is very wide.

Marigold (Marigold), a chemical name (Tagetes erecta), contains dozens of organic compounds such as thiophene compounds, essential oil components, lutein, flavone and glycosides and antibacterial and insecticidal active substances. The finished product of the invention is applied to the flue-cured tobacco field production test demonstration, and the result shows that: the finished product has obvious inhibition effect on soil-borne diseases and root-knot nematode diseases of the flue-cured tobacco while providing plant nutrition, improving soil environment and improving the yield value of the flue-cured tobacco.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art in the technical field, the marigold flower is prepared into the liquid fertilizer which can be directly applied to agricultural production through a secondary fermentation process. The first fermentation is to ferment collected fresh marigold flower by using a mixed aqueous solution of food-grade lactobacillus and food-grade yeast; the second fermentation is to use EM microbial inoculum to ferment fresh juice obtained by mechanical squeezing of the marigold flowers matured in the first fermentation. Screening out the formula proportion and concentration of food-grade lactic acid bacteria and food-grade yeast which are most suitable for fermenting the fresh marigold flowers; simultaneously, the EM microbial inoculum, raw materials, dosage, proportion, environmental conditions, time and method which are most suitable for fermenting fresh juice obtained by squeezing marigold flowers are obtained, no chemical substance is required to be added in the production process, and the plant-source agricultural liquid fertilizer with remarkable ecological benefit, social benefit and economic benefit is provided.

In order to achieve the technical effects, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the fertilizer is prepared by performing primary fermentation and secondary fermentation on fresh marigold flowers, wherein a fermenting agent adopted in the primary fermentation is food-grade lactic acid bacteria and food-grade yeast, and a fermenting agent adopted in the secondary fermentation is an EM microbial inoculum.

Further, the leaven adopted in the first fermentation is a mixed aqueous solution of 0.75 ten thousandth of food grade lactic acid bacteria and 0.25 ten thousandth of food grade yeast.

Further, the leavening agent adopted in the second fermentation is EM microbial inoculum, and the EM microbial inoculum comprises photosynthetic flora, lactic acid flora, yeast flora, actinomycete flora, filamentous flora or the combination of the beneficial flora.

Further, the fertilizer is a liquid fertilizer with the pH value lower than 4.5, which is prepared by carrying out secondary fermentation on squeezed juice obtained by squeezing fresh marigold flowers after primary fermentation, food-grade brown sugar and EM microbial inoculum.

Further, according to the weight percentage, 60-80% of the first fermentation squeezed juice, 4-28% of food-grade brown sugar and 12-16% of EM microbial inoculum are fermented and squeezed for the first time; wherein, the optimal mixture ratio is as follows: 70% of juice obtained by first fermentation, 15% of food-grade brown sugar and 15% of EM microbial inoculum.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the fertilizer prepared by the marigold fresh flower through secondary fermentation, which comprises the following steps:

s1, first fermentation: collecting fresh marigold flowers, putting the collected fresh marigold flowers into a fermentation tank, uniformly spraying a mixed aqueous solution of 0.75 parts by weight of food-grade lactic acid bacteria and 0.25 parts by weight of food-grade yeast on the fresh flowers, fermenting for 7-10 days at normal temperature in a dark environment, squeezing the fully fermented fresh flowers to obtain first-time fermented squeezed juice, collecting the first-time fermented squeezed juice into a storage tank, and performing anaerobic preservation for later use;

s2, secondary fermentation: adding the prepared first fermentation squeezed juice and food-grade brown sugar into a fermentation tank, fully dissolving and uniformly mixing, then adding an EM microbial inoculum, fully and uniformly mixing the raw materials, keeping the temperature of 28-35 ℃ under the conditions of light shielding and anaerobic condition, fermenting for 10-15 days to obtain a fertilizer prepared by secondary fermentation of fresh chrysanthemum flowers, and finally performing quality inspection, subpackaging, packaging and inspection to obtain a finished product of the fertilizer prepared by secondary fermentation of the fresh chrysanthemum flowers.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the fertilizer provided by the invention has two fermentation processes in the preparation process. The first fermentation is to collect fresh flower of marigold, and select food-grade lactobacillus and food-grade yeast for fermentation; the marigold is fermented for the first time by the mixed aqueous solution of the food-grade lactic acid bacteria and the food-grade yeast, so that the fermentation time of the marigold can be shortened (about half of the fermentation time in the prior art), the problem of corruption of the marigold in the fermentation process can be reduced by shortening the fermentation time, the generation of peculiar smell and odor is reduced, and the marigold can be accepted by fertilizing personnel; the second fermentation is to use EM microbial inoculum to ferment fresh juice obtained by mechanical squeezing of the marigold flowers matured in the first fermentation. According to the invention, from 2001 to date, through systematic research and practice, mature marigold flowers are fermented by food-grade lactic acid bacteria and food-grade yeast, fresh juice is obtained through mechanical squeezing, and then the fresh juice is prepared into the agricultural liquid fertilizer through an EM microbial inoculum fermentation technology and a preparation method, and the agricultural liquid fertilizer is gradually applied to agricultural production. The fertilizer disclosed by the invention has innovativeness and practicability in the same technical field.

2. The liquid fertilizer is prepared from fresh marigold flowers, has the advantages of sufficient raw material sources, simple production process, low production cost, no energy consumption in the production process and no three-waste discharge, and can effectively solve the technical problem that the waste water generated in the industrial production by marigold lutein extraction is urgently needed to be solved.

3. The finished product prepared by the technology of the invention greatly improves the nutrient substances beneficial to plants.

TABLE 1 analysis and test result of pressed juice of fresh flower of Tagetes erecta (agricultural products quality supervision and inspection test center of agricultural Ministry, Kunming 2005-08 month)

Note: in the table, proteins, total nitrogen, amino acids and organic matters are calculated in g/100ml, and the rest are calculated in mg/L.

TABLE 2 analysis and examination of the components of the liquid fertilizer according to the present invention (agricultural products quality supervision and inspection test center of Mingming 2005 09 Yue)

Note: in the table, proteins, total nitrogen, amino acids and organic matters are calculated in g/100ml, and the rest are calculated in mg/L.

As can be seen from tables 1 and 2: the content of nutrient components such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, amino acid, organic matters, protein and the like beneficial to crops is increased in the juice squeezed from the same batch of fresh marigold flowers by applying the preparation method disclosed by the invention, and the pH value of the liquid fertilizer is stabilized at 3.8-4.0 by the EM microbial inoculum without adding any chemical reagent for regulation. Meanwhile, the detected contents of heavy metals such as arsenic, lead and cadmium in the fertilizer are far lower than the national standard, and mercury is detected to be zero.

4. The product of the invention has safe use, obvious effect, low cost, simple and convenient operation, no toxicity, no residue and no pollution in agricultural production. Through the demonstration of various crop experiments for many years, the results show that: the product of the invention has obvious effect on improving the yield and quality of crops after being applied, belongs to an environment-friendly high-quality fertilizer and has wide application prospect.

5. The liquid fertilizer is prepared by a secondary fermentation process, no chemical agent is added in the whole preparation process, the obtained liquid fertilizer is more green and safe, no acid-base regulation chemical agent is added in the preparation process, a good proliferation environment is provided for the fermentation of biological microbial agents, the fermentation of the fresh marigold flower fermentation squeezed juice is more thorough, and the components in the fresh marigold flower fermentation squeezed juice are beneficially metabolized by the microbial agent into nutrient substances which can be absorbed by plants.

Detailed Description

Example 1 (taking 1000 kg of the product of the invention as an example)

The invention is realized by the following steps:

1. the marigold plant source liquid fertilizer prepared by the invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

the first fermentation is carried out for 70 percent of squeezed juice

15 percent of food-grade brown sugar

EM microbial inoculum 15%

The EM microbial inoculum mainly comprises: photosynthetic flora (photosynthetic bacteria in an amount of 100 hundred million or more per ml of bacterial broth), lactic acid flora (5 genera of lactobacillus, streptococcus, leuconostoc, bifidobacterium and pediococcus), yeast flora (5-30 μm long, 1-5 μm wide, and about 13X 10-10G by weight), actinomycete flora (bacteria with a high (G + C) mol% content (> 55%), filamentous flora (including filamentous bacteria, filamentous cyanobacteria and filamentous fungi).

Food grade lactic acid bacteria (the weight of the component is reflected in the first fermentation and squeezing juice)

Food grade yeast (the weight of the component is reflected in the first fermentation squeezed juice)

Sterile water (the weight of this ingredient is reflected in the first fermentation press).

The concrete raw materials for realizing the invention are respectively as follows:

marigold flower standby material (A)

Food grade lactobacillus preparation (B)

Food grade yeast preparation (C)

Sterile water stock (D)

First fermentation stock (E)

First fermentation press juice (F)

Food-grade brown sugar standby material (G)

EM microbial inoculum standby material (H)

The invention is realized by the following steps:

(1) firstly, putting a fresh marigold flower spare material (A) into a fermentation tank, dissolving 0.75 part of a powdery food-grade lactic acid bacteria spare material (B) and 0.25 part of a food-grade yeast spare material (C) into 1 ten thousand parts of a sterile water spare material (D), fully dissolving and mixing to obtain a mixed solution of (B) + (C) + (D), spraying the mixed solution of (B) + (C) + (D) onto the fresh marigold flower spare material (A) in the fermentation tank in time, keeping the mixture away from light, and fermenting for 9 days under anaerobic and aseptic conditions to obtain a first fermentation spare material (E).

(2) And (3) mechanically squeezing the first fermentation standby material (E) to obtain first fermentation squeezed juice (F), inputting the first fermentation squeezed juice (F) into a storage tank, and storing the first fermentation squeezed juice (F) for later use under the conditions of normal temperature, anaerobism and sterility.

(3) 700 kg of the first fermentation squeezed juice (F) and 150 kg of food-grade brown sugar standby material (G) are added into a fermentation tank and are fully and uniformly mixed to obtain 850 kg of mixed standby material of (F) + (G).

(4) 150 kg of EM microbial inoculum stock (H) is added into 850 kg of the mixed stock of (F) + (G), and after fully and uniformly mixing, the mixture is fermented for 12 days under anaerobic condition at 28-35 ℃. The liquid fertilizer prepared by 1000 kg of fresh juice squeezed from marigold flowers is obtained after quality inspection, subpackaging, packaging and qualification inspection.

Example 2

The experimental crop of the embodiment is flue-cured tobacco, the variety is Yunyan 87, and the implementation, investigation and recording of the experimental crop are completed in a flue-cured tobacco field of New village, rural area, Lijiang city, Huacheng county, Yunnan province in 2018-2020.

(1) The control field is completely executed according to the conventional planting management requirements of local related technical departments.

(2) In the test field, 10 days after flue-cured tobacco is transplanted, the finished product prepared by the method is applied for 1 time according to 1000 ml of 200-time diluted liquid per mu, and 200 ml of fertilizer diluted liquid per plant; the same dose and method were applied a second time at 25 day intervals. Other planting and managing agronomic measures are consistent with the contrast.

(3) Before the test, the conditions of pH value, organic matter content, disease occurrence, annual output value and the like of the soil are basically the same through measurement and investigation of the control field and the test field.

(4) Through the recorded data analysis of the fertilizer application amount (N, P, K), the pH value and the organic matter content of the test field and the control field for three continuous years, the result shows that: after the product prepared by the method is applied, the annual fertilizer application amount per mu is reduced by 15 kg, the acidified soil of the test field is obviously restored, and the concrete expression is that the pH value of the soil of the test field is close to a normal value, and the organic matter content in the soil is increased year by year, so that the product prepared by the method has a remarkable effect on soil improvement. See table 3.

TABLE 3

Through the analysis of the recorded data of the effective tobacco leaf number of the flue-cured tobacco single plant, the weight of the single leaf after the flue-cured tobacco single plant, the annual procurement average price and the annual mu yield value of the test field and the control field for three continuous years, the result shows that: after the product prepared by the method is applied, the number of effective tobacco leaves of a single flue-cured tobacco plant, the weight of the single flue-cured tobacco leaf, the annual acquisition average price and the annual per mu yield are obviously higher than those of a control field, and the effect of improving the yield of the flue-cured tobacco is obvious. See tables 4 and 5.

TABLE 4

TABLE 5

In the experimental demonstration investigation, the method also finds that the pesticide composition has obvious control effect on soil-borne diseases such as flue-cured tobacco black shank, root black rot and bacterial wilt and tobacco root knot nematode disease, and is worthy of further research, development and utilization.

The invention has been carried out for many years and many points on the crops such as Chinese cabbage, cucumber, cabbage, beans and the like from 2001 to now, and the results show that: the finished product prepared by the invention has obvious inhibiting effect on soil-borne diseases and root-knot nematode diseases while providing nutrient substances, improving soil environment and increasing crop output value.

The above examples are only 1 representative example of all the application examples of the present invention, and are not described in detail herein.