阅读说明：本技术 一种纳米氧化锌增强木材耐腐性和抗白蚁性能的方法 (Method for enhancing corrosion resistance and termite resistance of wood by using nano zinc oxide ) 是由 曹永建 王颂 赖敏婷 谢桂军 马红霞 李兴伟 高婕 于 2021-06-10 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于木材科学与技术领域,尤其涉及一种纳米氧化锌增强木材耐腐性和抗白蚁性能的方法。该方法采用纳米级氧化锌作为主要改性材料,可单体使用,也可混合脂类超支化聚合物、硼类化合物等一起对木材进行改性处理。通过“负压-正压”的加压浸渍方式将上述物质有效注入木材体内,沉积在木材细胞壁上,当白蚁或腐朽菌侵蚀木材组分时,会将上述化学物质吸入其体内从而被毒杀,有效减少了白蚁或腐朽菌对木材的侵蚀,进行保护了木材的完整性,延长了木材的使用寿命。本发明对设备要求不高,制备工艺简单易实现,可广泛应用于各种木材的加压浸渍处理,处理后的木材可广泛应用于对抗白蚁性能和耐腐朽性能有较高要求的环境和场所。(The invention belongs to the field of wood science and technology, and particularly relates to a method for enhancing the corrosion resistance and termite resistance of wood by using nano zinc oxide. The method adopts nano-scale zinc oxide as a main modification material, can be used as a monomer, and can also be mixed with lipid hyperbranched polymers, boron compounds and the like to carry out modification treatment on wood. The substances are effectively injected into the wood body through a negative pressure-positive pressure pressurizing impregnation mode and deposited on the wood cell walls, when the termites or the decay fungi erode the wood components, the chemical substances are absorbed into the wood body to be poisoned, the erosion of the termites or the decay fungi to the wood is effectively reduced, the integrity of the wood is protected, and the service life of the wood is prolonged. The invention has low requirement on equipment, simple and easily realized preparation process, can be widely applied to the pressure impregnation treatment of various woods, and the treated woods can be widely applied to environments and places with higher requirements on termite resistance and decay resistance.)

1. A method for enhancing the corrosion resistance and the termite resistance of wood by using nano zinc oxide is characterized by comprising the following steps: injecting an aqueous solution of 1-5 wt.% of nano zinc oxide, or an aqueous solution containing 1-5 wt.% of nano zinc oxide and 0.1-1 wt.% of phenolic resin prepolymer, or an aqueous solution containing 1-5 wt.% of nano zinc oxide, 0.1-1 wt.% of phenolic resin prepolymer and 5-35 wt.% of borax into a sealed container containing wood, impregnating the wood in a vacuum pressurization manner, taking out, and drying the impregnated wood until the mass is constant, thereby obtaining the nano zinc oxide reinforced wood.

2. The method for enhancing the corrosion resistance and termite resistance of wood according to claim 1, wherein the nano zinc oxide is selected from the group consisting of: the vacuum pressurization treatment condition is to maintain the pressure for 30-60 min under the negative pressure of 0.05-0.09 MPa and then maintain the pressure for 40-70 min under the positive pressure of 1.0-1.5 MPa.

3. The method for enhancing the corrosion resistance and termite resistance of wood according to claim 1, wherein the nano zinc oxide is selected from the group consisting of: the drying mode is drying in an oven at 50-70 ℃.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of wood science and technology, and particularly relates to a method for enhancing the corrosion resistance and termite resistance of wood by using nano zinc oxide.

Background

The wood is used as industrial and living wood, is closely related to national economy and human life, and is widely applied to aspects of human life. However, as a biomass material, the main components of the biomass material are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, and the substances exist in the form of polysaccharide, so the biomass material is extremely easy to be damaged by microorganisms, and particularly in southern areas of China where termites are active and areas where decay fungi are active, the whole wood can be eroded away only by half a year, and the service life of the wood is seriously shortened.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the defects that the wood is not resistant to termite corrosion and has poor corrosion resistance, the invention aims to provide a method for enhancing the corrosion resistance and the termite resistance of the wood by using nano zinc oxide. The preparation method specifically comprises the steps of injecting nano zinc oxide, inorganic boron, lipid hyperbranched polymer and the like into the wood in a vacuum pressurization impregnation mode, synergistically improving the termite resistance and the corrosion resistance of the wood by virtue of the physicochemical properties of the compounds, and improving the corrosion resistance grade from the termite resistance grade to 8 grades or above and from the corrosion resistance grade to the strong corrosion resistance grade, thereby obviously prolonging the service life of the wood. The method has the characteristics of low production cost, simple and convenient processing method, easy operation, good protection effect and the like.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a method for enhancing the corrosion resistance and termite resistance of wood by using nano zinc oxide comprises the following steps:

injecting an aqueous solution of 1-5 wt.% of nano zinc oxide, or an aqueous solution containing 1-5 wt.% of nano zinc oxide and 0.1-1 wt.% of phenolic resin prepolymer, or an aqueous solution containing 1-5 wt.% of nano zinc oxide, 0.1-1 wt.% of phenolic resin prepolymer and 5-35 wt.% of borax into a sealed container containing wood, impregnating the wood in a vacuum pressurization manner, taking out, and drying the impregnated wood until the mass is constant, thereby obtaining the nano zinc oxide reinforced wood.

Preferably, the vacuum pressurization treatment condition is to maintain the pressure at a negative pressure of 0.05-0.09 MPa for 30-60 min and then maintain the pressure at a positive pressure of 1.0-1.5 MPa for 40-70 min.

Preferably, the drying mode is drying in an oven at 50-70 ℃.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

the invention adopts nano-scale zinc oxide as a main modifying material, can be used singly, can also be mixed with lipid hyperbranched polymers, boron compounds and the like to modify wood, effectively injects the substances into the wood body through a negative pressure-positive pressure pressurizing impregnation mode, deposits the substances on the cell walls of the wood, and absorbs the chemical substances into the wood body to be poisoned when termites or decay fungi erode wood components, thereby effectively reducing the erosion of the termites or the decay fungi to the wood, protecting the integrity of the wood and prolonging the service life of the wood.

The invention has low requirement on equipment, simple and easily realized preparation process, can be widely applied to the pressure impregnation treatment of various woods, and the treated woods can be widely applied to environments and places with higher requirements on termite resistance and decay resistance.

Drawings

Figure 1 is an EDS scan of a cross section of poplar wood treated in example 1.

FIG. 2 is an EDS scan of a section of fir wood treated in example 1.

FIG. 3 is a graph of the test pieces after termite resistance testing of untreated poplar wood.

FIG. 4 is a graph of the treated wood of example 1 after termite resistance testing.

FIG. 5 is a PPL decay test chart of untreated poplar wood.

FIG. 6 is a plot showing the decay test of the PPL fungal decay of the treated material obtained in example 1.

FIG. 7 is a white IL fungal decay test chart of untreated poplar wood.

FIG. 8 is a graph showing the decay test of the treated material IL-myces in example 1.

FIG. 9 is a brown rot test chart of untreated poplar wood.

FIG. 10 is a graph showing the decay test of brown rot fungi of the treated material of example 1.

FIG. 11 is a graph of test pieces of untreated fir wood after termite resistance testing.

FIG. 12 is a graph of the treated wood of example 3 after termite resistance testing.

FIG. 13 is a plot of the treated wood of example 4 after termite resistance testing.

FIG. 14 is a graph of the treated wood of example 5 after termite resistance testing.

FIG. 15 is a PPL decay test chart for untreated cedar wood.

FIG. 16 is a plot of the decay test of the PPL strain of the treated material in example 3.

FIG. 17 is a plot showing the decay of the PPL fungi of the treated material obtained in example 4.

FIG. 18 is a plot showing the decay test of the PPL fungal decay of the treated material obtained in example 5.

FIG. 19 is a graph showing an untreated cedar wood white IL fungal decay test.

FIG. 20 is a graph of IL-fungal decay test of the treated material of example 3.

FIG. 21 is a graph showing the decay test of the treated material IL-myces in example 4.

FIG. 22 is a graph showing the decay test of the treated material IL-myces in example 5.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. For process parameters not specifically noted, reference may be made to conventional techniques.

Example 1

The embodiment provides a method for enhancing the corrosion resistance and the termite resistance of wood by using nano zinc oxide.

(1) Uniformly mixing the following materials in percentage by mass: 1% of nano zinc oxide, 0.1% of phenolic resin prepolymer, 5% of borax and the balance of water, wherein the total amount is 100% to obtain a mixed solution;

(2) and (2) injecting the mixed solution obtained in the step (1) into a sealed container containing poplar, maintaining the pressure for 30min under the negative pressure of-0.09 MPa, maintaining the pressure for 40min under the positive pressure of 1.5MPa, taking out, and drying the impregnated wood in an oven at 60 ℃ until the quality is constant to obtain the nano zinc oxide reinforced wood.

The termite resistance test was carried out on the samples obtained in example 1 and the blank samples according to the test method of GB/T18260-. As can be seen in fig. 3, the untreated wood, which has been essentially completely eaten by termites, has a termite resistance rating of 0. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the wood treated by "nano-zinc oxide + prepolymer + borax" was almost not attacked by termites, was almost intact, and had a termite resistance rating of 9 or above. Comparing the results, the invention has good effect of wood protection and huge market application potential. According to the national standard GB/T13942.1-2009 natural durability of wood: part 1: in the detection method of the natural decay resistance laboratory test method ", the samples obtained in example 1 and the blank samples were subjected to the PPL decay test, the IL decay test, and the brown decay test, and the results are shown in fig. 5 to 10. FIGS. 5, 7 and 9 show that the untreated wood is subjected to decay tests of white rot fungi, white IL fungi and brown rot fungi, respectively, and it can be seen from the figures that the wood is completely wrapped by hyphae, components in the wood are absorbed by the hyphae, the decay is serious, and the decay grade is IV grade, namely decay resistance grade; fig. 6, fig. 8 and fig. 10 are respectively the modified wood of the present application, and it can be seen that the surface of the wood is wrapped by aseptic threads, the appearance of the wood is intact, and the wood is not rotten, and the rotting grade is I-grade, i.e. strong decay grade. The invention has good effect of protecting wood and great market application potential.

Example 2

The embodiment provides a method for enhancing the corrosion resistance and the termite resistance of wood by using nano zinc oxide.

(1) Uniformly mixing the following materials in percentage by mass: 1.5 percent of nano zinc oxide, 1 percent of phenolic resin prepolymer, 35 percent of borax and the balance of water, wherein the total amount is 100 percent, and a mixed solution is obtained;

(2) and (2) injecting the mixed solution obtained in the step (1) into a sealed container containing poplar, maintaining the pressure for 30min under the negative pressure of-0.09 MPa, maintaining the pressure for 40min under the positive pressure of 1.5MPa, taking out, and drying the impregnated wood in an oven at 60 ℃ until the quality is constant to obtain the nano zinc oxide reinforced wood.

Example 3

The embodiment provides a method for enhancing the corrosion resistance and the termite resistance of wood by using nano zinc oxide.

And (3) injecting a 3 wt.% aqueous solution of nano zinc oxide into a sealed container containing China fir, maintaining the pressure for 60min under negative pressure of-0.05 MPa, maintaining the pressure for 70min under positive pressure of 1MPa, taking out, and drying the impregnated wood in an oven at 70 ℃ until the quality is constant to obtain the nano zinc oxide reinforced wood.

Example 4

The embodiment provides a method for enhancing the corrosion resistance and the termite resistance of wood by using nano zinc oxide.

And (3) injecting an aqueous solution containing 3 wt.% of nano zinc oxide and 0.3 wt.% of phenolic resin prepolymer into a sealed container containing China fir, maintaining the pressure for 60min under negative pressure of-0.05 MPa, maintaining the pressure for 70min under positive pressure of 1MPa, taking out, and drying the impregnated wood in an oven at 70 ℃ until the quality is constant to obtain the nano zinc oxide reinforced wood.

Example 5

The embodiment provides a method for enhancing the corrosion resistance and the termite resistance of wood by using nano zinc oxide.

(1) Uniformly mixing the following materials in percentage by mass: 3% of nano zinc oxide, 0.3% of phenolic resin prepolymer, 30% of borax and the balance of water, wherein the total amount is 100% to obtain a mixed solution;

(2) and (2) injecting the mixed solution obtained in the step (1) into a sealed container containing the fir, maintaining the pressure for 30min under the negative pressure of-0.09 MPa, maintaining the pressure for 40min under the positive pressure of 1.5MPa, taking out, and drying the impregnated wood in a drying oven at 60 ℃ until the quality is constant to obtain the nano zinc oxide reinforced wood.

The termite resistance test was carried out on the samples obtained in examples 3 to 5 and the blank samples according to the test method of GB/T18260-. As can be seen in fig. 11, the untreated wood had been essentially completely consumed by termites, with a termite resistance rating of 1.6. As can be seen from FIGS. 12 to 14, the wood treated by the nano-zinc oxide, the nano-zinc oxide and the prepolymer and the borax is not corroded by the termites basically and is almost intact, and the wood treated by the nano-zinc oxide, the prepolymer and the borax has the best effect and the termite resistance grade is 9 or above. Comparing the results, the invention has good effect of wood protection and huge market application potential.

TABLE 1 Termite resistance test results

According to the national standard GB/T13942.1-2009 natural durability of wood: part 1: the results of the assay method in the natural decay resistance laboratory test method, in which the samples obtained in examples 3 to 5 and the blank samples were subjected to the PPL decay test and the white IL decay test, are shown in fig. 15 to 22. As can be seen from the figure, the untreated wood is completely wrapped by hyphae, the components in the wood are absorbed by the hyphae, the decay is serious, and the decay grade is IV grade, namely decay resistance grade; the surfaces of the treated woods are all wrapped by aseptic threads, the appearances of the woods are kept intact, and the woods are not rotten, and the rotten grade is I grade, namely a strong corrosion-resistant grade. The invention has good effect of protecting wood and great market application potential.

The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.