阅读说明：本技术 包含气凝胶材料的低温真空多层绝热结构及使用方法 (Low temperature vacuum multi-layer thermal insulation structures comprising aerogel materials and methods of use ) 是由 谈辉 应秀捷 张芷毓 于 2021-11-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种包含气凝胶材料的低温真空多层绝热结构及使用方法,该绝热结构包括导热阻隔层和热辐射反射层；所述的导热阻隔层包括气凝胶绝热材料和绝热密封材料,绝热密封材料包裹气凝胶绝热材料；所述的热辐射反射层复合在导热阻隔层的外侧,热辐射反射层包括n层反射材料和n-1层间隔材料,n为大于或等于2的整数,反射材料和间隔材料交错叠合。本发明涉及的包含气凝胶材料的低温真空多层绝热结构利用气凝胶绝热材料替代传统多层绝热材料,因气凝胶材料的导热系数更低,降低了固体导热并拉开温区,在不增加整体绝热系统厚度前提下,提高了绝热性能并提高了施工效率；同时,对夹层的抽空效果有所提高,更进一步提高了整体的绝热性能。(The invention discloses a low-temperature vacuum multi-layer heat insulation structure containing aerogel materials and a using method, wherein the heat insulation structure comprises a heat conduction blocking layer and a heat radiation reflecting layer; the heat-conducting blocking layer comprises an aerogel heat-insulating material and a heat-insulating sealing material, and the heat-insulating sealing material wraps the aerogel heat-insulating material; the heat radiation reflecting layer is compounded on the outer side of the heat conduction blocking layer and comprises n layers of reflecting materials and n-1 layers of spacing materials, n is an integer larger than or equal to 2, and the reflecting materials and the spacing materials are overlapped in a staggered mode. The low-temperature vacuum multi-layer heat insulation structure containing the aerogel material replaces the traditional multi-layer heat insulation material with the aerogel heat insulation material, and the heat conductivity coefficient of the aerogel material is lower, so that the solid heat conduction is reduced, a temperature area is opened, the heat insulation performance is improved and the construction efficiency is improved on the premise of not increasing the thickness of the whole heat insulation system; meanwhile, the evacuation effect on the interlayer is improved, and the overall heat insulation performance is further improved.)

1. A low temperature vacuum multi-layer insulation structure comprising an aerogel material, wherein: it includes a heat-conducting barrier layer and a heat radiation reflecting layer; the heat-conducting blocking layer comprises an aerogel heat-insulating material and a heat-insulating sealing material, and the heat-insulating sealing material wraps the aerogel heat-insulating material; the heat radiation reflecting layer is compounded on the outer side of the heat conduction blocking layer and comprises n layers of reflecting materials and n-1 layers of spacing materials, n is an integer larger than or equal to 2, and the reflecting materials and the spacing materials are overlapped in a staggered mode.

2. The low temperature vacuum multi-layer insulation structure comprising aerogel material of claim 1, wherein: the heat conduction barrier layer and the heat radiation reflecting layer are bonded through an adhesive tape.

3. The aerogel material-containing gel of claim 1The temperature vacuum multi-layer heat insulation structure is characterized in that: the thickness of the aerogel heat-insulating material is 7-12 mm, and the density is 170-200 kg/m³。

4. The low temperature vacuum multi-layer insulation structure comprising aerogel material of claim 1, wherein: the heat insulation sealing material is a polyimide film.

5. The low temperature vacuum multi-layer insulation structure comprising aerogel material of claim 1, wherein: the spacing material is glass fiber paper, and the gram weight of the spacing material is 10-14 g/m²And the thickness is less than 0.06 mm.

6. The low temperature vacuum multi-layer insulation structure comprising aerogel material of claim 1, wherein: the reflecting material is an aluminum foil metal material, and the thickness of the reflecting material is 0.0055-0.0075 mm.

7. The low temperature vacuum multi-layer insulation structure comprising aerogel material of claim 6, wherein: the aluminum foil metal material is provided with a round hole.

8. The low temperature vacuum multi-layer insulation structure comprising aerogel material of claim 1, wherein: the spacing material and the reflecting material are fixed by a glass fiber line.

9. The low temperature vacuum multi-layer insulation structure comprising aerogel material of claim 1, wherein: the aerogel heat-insulating material is formed by pressing aerogel and a glass fiber felt.

10. A method of using a low temperature vacuum multi-layer insulation structure comprising aerogel material according to claim 1, wherein: which comprises the following steps:

1) wrapping the aerogel heat-insulating material with a heat-insulating sealing material to form a heat-conducting barrier layer;

2) stitching the n layers of the reflecting materials and the n-1 layers of the separating materials which are overlapped in a staggered mode through glass fiber lines to form a heat radiation reflecting layer;

3) wrapping the heat-conducting barrier layer on the outer side of the inner tank of the heat-insulating storage tank;

4) wrapping the heat radiation reflecting layer on the outer side of the heat conduction blocking layer, and bonding the heat radiation reflecting layer and the heat conduction blocking layer together by using an adhesive tape;

5) an outer tank is arranged outside the inner tank wrapped with the thermal radiation reflecting layer and the heat conduction blocking layer, an interlayer space is formed between the inner tank and the outer tank, and the interlayer space is vacuumized.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of heat insulation of vacuum heat insulation deep cooling pressure vessels, in particular to a low-temperature vacuum multi-layer heat insulation structure containing aerogel materials and a using method thereof.

Background

The application of low-temperature liquid storage is not separated from the heat insulation technology, the current vacuum multilayer heat insulation can meet the heat insulation requirement of a liquid nitrogen isothermal zone, for example, a low-temperature multilayer heat insulation structure is disclosed in Chinese patent CN204284798U, the upper surface of low-temperature heat insulation paper is provided with protrusions and then is overlapped with a reflecting screen in a staggered mode, the heat conduction between the reflecting screen and the heat insulation paper can be reduced, and the heat insulation performance is improved. For another example, chinese patent CN103277630A discloses a multi-layer low-temperature heat-insulating structure with variable density configuration, which is equally divided into three regions along the thickness direction of the reflective screen, each region has different layer density, and the layer density is smaller closer to the inner side, thereby effectively improving the heat-insulating performance of the liquid nitrogen storage tank.

In recent years, cryogenic liquids such as liquid hydrogen with lower temperature are attracting attention, and due to the higher requirements of the characteristics of the cryogenic liquids on heat insulation systems, the common implementation mode at present is to repeatedly add a multilayer structure under the original liquid nitrogen medium heat insulation structure, although the multilayer structure has certain effects, the material cost is at least 2 times of the original material cost, and the construction efficiency is also obviously reduced.

The solid heat conduction ratio of cryogenic liquids such as liquid hydrogen and the like in a low-temperature region close to the inner wall is larger, the radiation heat exchange ratio is smaller, and if the characteristic can be utilized and an advanced heat insulating material is matched, the current heat insulating structure can be optimized, but no patent report on the aspect exists so far.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a low-temperature vacuum multi-layer heat insulation structure containing aerogel materials and a using method thereof, and aims to solve the problem that the existing low-temperature heat insulation structure cannot meet the storage requirement of cryogenic liquid with lower temperature, such as liquid hydrogen.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the present invention relates to a low temperature vacuum multi-layer thermal insulation structure comprising aerogel material, comprising a thermally conductive barrier layer and a thermal radiation reflective layer; the heat-conducting blocking layer comprises an aerogel heat-insulating material and a heat-insulating sealing material, and the heat-insulating sealing material wraps the aerogel heat-insulating material; the heat radiation reflecting layer is compounded on the outer side of the heat conduction blocking layer and comprises n layers of reflecting materials and n-1 layers of spacing materials, n is an integer larger than or equal to 2, and the reflecting materials and the spacing materials are overlapped in a staggered mode.

Preferably, the heat conduction barrier layer and the heat radiation reflection layer are bonded through an adhesive tape.

Preferably, the aerogel heat-insulating material has a thickness of 7-12 mm and a density of 170-200 kg/m³。

Preferably, the heat insulating sealing material is a polyimide film.

Preferably, the spacing material is glass fiber paper, and the gram weight is 10-14 g/m²And the thickness is less than 0.06 mm.

Preferably, the reflecting material is an aluminum foil metal material, and the thickness of the reflecting material is 0.0055-0.0075 mm.

Preferably, the aluminum foil metal material is provided with a round hole. The round hole is convenient for vacuumizing an interlayer between the inner tank and the outer tank of the later-stage heat insulation storage tank.

Preferably, the spacing material and the reflective material are secured by fiberglass threads.

Preferably, the aerogel thermal insulation material is formed by pressing aerogel and glass fiber felt.

The present invention also relates to a method of using a low temperature vacuum multi-layer thermal insulation structure comprising an aerogel material, comprising the steps of:

1) wrapping the aerogel heat-insulating material with a heat-insulating sealing material to form a heat-conducting barrier layer;

2) stitching the n layers of the reflecting materials and the n-1 layers of the separating materials which are overlapped in a staggered mode through glass fiber lines to form a heat radiation reflecting layer;

3) wrapping the heat-conducting barrier layer on the outer side of the inner tank of the heat-insulating storage tank;

4) wrapping the heat radiation reflecting layer on the outer side of the heat conduction blocking layer, and bonding the heat radiation reflecting layer and the heat conduction blocking layer together by using an adhesive tape;

5) an outer tank is arranged outside the inner tank wrapped with the thermal radiation reflecting layer and the heat conduction blocking layer, an interlayer space is formed between the inner tank and the outer tank, and the interlayer space is vacuumized.

Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following technical effects:

1. the low-temperature vacuum multi-layer heat insulation structure containing the aerogel material replaces the traditional multi-layer heat insulation material with the aerogel heat insulation material, and as the heat conductivity coefficient of the aerogel heat insulation material is lower, the solid heat conduction is reduced, the temperature area is opened, and the heat insulation performance is improved and the construction efficiency is improved on the premise of not increasing the thickness of the whole heat insulation system; meanwhile, the evacuation effect on the interlayer is improved, and the overall heat insulation performance is further improved.

2. The low-temperature vacuum multi-layer heat-insulating structure containing the aerogel material wraps the heat-insulating sealing material on the outer side of the aerogel heat-insulating material, prevents aerogel particles from falling off from a matrix in a low-temperature high-vacuum environment, has air permeability and prolongs the service life of the heat-insulating structure.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a low temperature vacuum multi-layer insulation structure comprising aerogel material.

Wherein: 1-aerogel thermal insulation material, 2-thermal insulation sealing material, 3-spacing material, 4-reflecting material and 5-glass fiber line.

Detailed Description

For the purpose of enhancing the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings, which are only used for explaining the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

Referring to fig. 1, the present invention relates to a low temperature vacuum multi-layer thermal insulation structure comprising an aerogel material, which includes a thermal conductive barrier layer and a thermal radiation reflective layer.

The heat-conducting barrier layer comprises aerogel heat-insulating material 1 and heat-insulating sealing material 2. The aerogel thermal insulation material 1 is prepared from aerogel and aerogelThe heat insulating material compounded by the glass fiber felt has the following specific compounding mode: the aerogel and the glass fiber felt are mutually bonded in a pressing mode, and in addition, the mutually bonding level of the aerogel and the glass fiber felt can be improved in a heating and pressing mode; the aerogel heat-insulating material 1 has a thickness of 7mm and a density of 170-200 kg/m³And the normal-temperature heat conductivity coefficient is less than 0.05W/m.k. The heat insulation sealing material 2 is a polyimide film, is compatible with oxygen, protects the aerogel from being stripped in a low-temperature high-vacuum environment, and has air permeability so as to exert the optimal heat insulation performance of the aerogel in a vacuum state.

The thermal radiation reflecting layer is compounded on the outer side of the heat conduction blocking layer and comprises n layers of reflecting materials 4 and n-1 layers of spacing materials 3, the reflecting materials 4 and the spacing materials 3 are overlapped in a staggered mode, and in the embodiment, n is 4. The reflecting material 4 is an aluminum foil metal material, the thickness of the reflecting material is 0.0055mm, and round holes are formed in the aluminum foil metal material, so that later-stage interlayer space vacuumizing is facilitated; the spacing material 3 is glass fiber paper with the gram weight of 10g/m²The thickness is less than 0.06mm, in particular 0.06 mm. The spacing material 3 and the reflecting material 4 are fixed by means of glass fibre threads 5.

The low-temperature vacuum multi-layer heat-insulating structure containing the aerogel material is used for a heat-insulating storage tank, and the using method comprises the following steps:

1) wrapping the aerogel heat-insulating material 1 with a heat-insulating sealing material 2 to form a heat-conducting barrier layer;

2) stitching n layers of the reflecting materials 4 and n-1 layers of the interlayer materials 3 which are overlapped in a staggered mode through glass fiber threads 5 to form a heat radiation reflecting layer, wherein n is 4;

3) wrapping the heat-conducting barrier layer on the outer side of the inner tank of the heat-insulating storage tank;

4) wrapping the heat radiation reflecting layer on the outer side of the heat conduction blocking layer, and bonding the heat radiation reflecting layer and the heat conduction blocking layer together by using an adhesive tape;

5) an outer tank is arranged outside the inner tank wrapped with the thermal radiation reflecting layer and the heat conduction blocking layer, an interlayer space is formed between the inner tank and the outer tank, and the interlayer space is vacuumized.

The thermal insulation structure reduces solid heat conduction and opens a temperature area through the characteristic that the heat conductivity coefficient of the aerogel thermal insulation material 1 is lower, and the thermal insulation performance is improved on the premise of not increasing the thickness of the whole thermal insulation system.

Example 2

Referring to fig. 1, the present invention relates to a low temperature vacuum multi-layer thermal insulation structure comprising an aerogel material, which includes a thermal conductive barrier layer and a thermal radiation reflective layer.

The heat-conducting barrier layer comprises aerogel heat-insulating material 1 and heat-insulating sealing material 2. The aerogel heat-insulating material 1 is a heat-insulating material formed by compounding aerogel and a glass fiber felt, and the specific compounding mode is as follows: the aerogel and the glass fiber felt are mutually bonded in a pressing mode, and in addition, the mutually bonding level of the aerogel and the glass fiber felt can be improved in a heating and pressing mode; the aerogel heat-insulating material 1 has a thickness of 9mm and a density of 170-200 kg/m³And the normal-temperature heat conductivity coefficient is less than 0.05W/m.k. The heat insulation sealing material 2 is a polyimide film, is compatible with oxygen, protects the aerogel from being stripped in a low-temperature high-vacuum environment, and has air permeability so as to exert the optimal heat insulation performance of the aerogel in a vacuum state.

The thermal radiation reflecting layer is compounded on the outer side of the heat conduction blocking layer and comprises n layers of reflecting materials 4 and n-1 layers of spacing materials 3, the reflecting materials 4 and the spacing materials 3 are overlapped in a staggered mode, and in the embodiment, n is 4. The reflecting material 4 is made of an aluminum foil metal material, the thickness of the reflecting material is 0.0075mm, and round holes are formed in the aluminum foil metal material, so that the interlayer space can be conveniently vacuumized in the later period; the spacing material 3 is glass fiber paper with the gram weight of 12g/m²The thickness is less than 0.06mm, in particular 0.04 mm. The spacing material 3 and the reflecting material 4 are fixed by means of glass fibre threads 5.

The method of using the low-temperature vacuum multi-layer thermal insulation structure containing aerogel materials in this example is the same as that in example 1, and the present example is not described again.

Example 3

Referring to fig. 1, the present invention relates to a low-temperature vacuum multi-layered heat insulating structure including aerogel materials, which includes an aerogel insulation material 1, a spacer material 3, and a reflective material 4.

Referring to fig. 1, the present invention relates to a low temperature vacuum multi-layer thermal insulation structure comprising an aerogel material, which includes a thermal conductive barrier layer and a thermal radiation reflective layer.

The heat-conducting barrier layer comprises aerogel heat-insulating material 1 and heat-insulating sealing material 2. The aerogel heat-insulating material 1 is a heat-insulating material formed by compounding aerogel and a glass fiber felt, and the specific compounding mode is as follows: the aerogel and the glass fiber felt are mutually bonded in a pressing mode, and in addition, the mutually bonding level of the aerogel and the glass fiber felt can be improved in a heating and pressing mode; the aerogel heat-insulating material 1 has a thickness of 12mm and a density of 170-200 kg/m³And the normal-temperature heat conductivity coefficient is less than 0.05W/m.k. The heat insulation sealing material 2 is a polyimide film, is compatible with oxygen, protects the aerogel from being stripped in a low-temperature high-vacuum environment, and has air permeability so as to exert the optimal heat insulation performance of the aerogel in a vacuum state.

The thermal radiation reflecting layer is compounded on the outer side of the heat conduction blocking layer and comprises n layers of reflecting materials 4 and n-1 layers of spacing materials 3, the reflecting materials 4 and the spacing materials 3 are overlapped in a staggered mode, and in the embodiment, n is 4. The reflecting material 4 is an aluminum foil metal material, the thickness of the reflecting material is 0.0065mm, and a round hole is formed in the aluminum foil metal material, so that the later-stage interlayer space can be conveniently vacuumized; the spacing material 3 is glass fiber paper with the gram weight of 14g/m²The thickness is less than 0.06mm, in particular 0.04 mm. The spacing material 3 and the reflecting material 4 are fixed by means of glass fibre threads 5.

The method of using the low-temperature vacuum multi-layer thermal insulation structure containing aerogel materials in this example is the same as that in example 1, and the present example is not described again.

Examples of effects

In the test, 10mm thick aerogel thermal insulation material is sealed by a polyimide film, the surface is subjected to air permeability treatment to form a heat conduction blocking layer, the heat conduction blocking layer replaces the traditional thermal insulation material with corresponding thickness to be wrapped on the surface of the inner tank body, and then an aluminum foil adhesive tape is used for bonding and fixing the traditional thermal insulation materialThe material is that the traditional heat insulation material is formed by alternately compounding glass fiber paper with the thickness of 0.058mm and aluminum foil with the thickness of 0.0065mm and fixing the glass fiber paper and the aluminum foil by using glass fiber threads. The interlayer is vacuumized after the inner tank body and the outer tank body are sleeved, and the cold state vacuum degree is lower than 5 x 10 after the inner tank body is filled with low-temperature liquid^-3Pa, connecting a mass flow meter, and according to GB/T18443.5 part 5 of vacuum insulation cryogenic equipment performance test method: static evaporation rate measurement requires static evaporation rate testing, and apparent specific heat flow data of the whole structure is obtained after calculation.

The entire test ensures the same thickness as the conventional insulation structure, and the same test procedure. Through tests, the apparent specific heat of the low-temperature vacuum multi-layer heat insulation structure containing the aerogel material can be reduced by 30% compared with the traditional heat insulation structure with the same thickness, and the heat insulation performance is improved under the condition that the thickness of the material is not increased.

The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, but the description is only for the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.