阅读说明：本技术 一种生活垃圾气化方法及气化装置 (Domestic garbage gasification method and gasification device ) 是由 卫潘明 于 2021-11-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种生活垃圾气化方法及气化装置,生活垃圾经干燥热裂解产生蒸汽和干燥垃圾,蒸汽一部分伴随干燥垃圾进行干馏处理、另一部分直接抽出作为气化剂使用；干燥垃圾经过干馏产生裂解气和垃圾焦,一部分混有蒸汽的裂解气抽出作为加热能源使用,另一部分混有蒸汽的裂解气伴随垃圾焦一起进行气化处理；垃圾焦和作为气化剂使用的蒸汽进行气化反应产生合成气和气化残渣,合成气净化后作为产品气使用,当裂解气满足不了工艺需要时,将部分合成气与抽出的裂解气一同作为加热能源使用；气化残渣经冷却至室温后排放。本发明将干燥产生的蒸汽用作气体段的气化剂,最终产物只有合成气和灰分,解决垃圾气化合成气品质低、焦油和垃圾焦难以利用的问题。(The invention discloses a domestic garbage gasification method and a gasification device, wherein the domestic garbage is dried and thermally cracked to generate steam and dried garbage, one part of the steam is subjected to dry distillation treatment along with the dried garbage, and the other part of the steam is directly extracted to be used as a gasification agent; the dry garbage is subjected to dry distillation to generate pyrolysis gas and garbage coke, one part of the pyrolysis gas mixed with steam is extracted to be used as heating energy, and the other part of the pyrolysis gas mixed with steam is subjected to gasification treatment along with the garbage coke; the waste coke and steam used as a gasifying agent are subjected to gasification reaction to generate synthesis gas and gasification residues, the synthesis gas is used as product gas after being purified, and when pyrolysis gas cannot meet the process requirement, part of the synthesis gas and the extracted pyrolysis gas are used as heating energy together; cooling the gasified residue to room temperature and discharging. The invention uses the steam generated by drying as the gasifying agent of the gas section, and the final product only comprises the synthesis gas and the ash, thereby solving the problems of low quality of the garbage gasification synthesis gas and difficult utilization of tar and garbage coke.)

1. The household garbage gasification method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) and (3) drying treatment: drying the domestic garbage for 4-8 hours at the temperature of not higher than 250 ℃; after the drying treatment is finished, the domestic garbage is dried and thermally cracked to generate steam and dry garbage; dry garbage is subjected to dry distillation treatment, one part of steam is subjected to dry distillation treatment along with the dry garbage, and the other part of steam is directly extracted to be used as a gasifying agent;

(2) dry distillation treatment: performing dry distillation treatment on the dried garbage obtained after drying treatment in the step (1) for 6-10 hours at the temperature of not higher than 800 ℃; after the dry distillation treatment is finished, dry garbage is subjected to dry distillation to generate pyrolysis gas and garbage coke; one part of the pyrolysis gas mixed with steam is extracted to be used as heating energy, and the other part of the pyrolysis gas mixed with steam is gasified along with the garbage coke;

(3) and (3) gasification treatment: the steam in the pyrolysis gas in the step (2) and the steam directly extracted in the step (1) are simultaneously used as a gasifying agent, the garbage coke obtained after the dry distillation treatment in the step (2) and the steam used as the gasifying agent are subjected to gasification reaction at the temperature of not higher than 950 ℃ to generate synthesis gas and gasification residues, the pyrolysis gas is further cracked at high temperature to become a part of the synthesis gas, and the gasification treatment time is 6-10 hours; extracting the synthesis gas, purifying to remove impurities, using the purified synthesis gas as a product gas, and using part of the synthesis gas and the pyrolysis gas extracted in the step (2) as heating energy together when the pyrolysis gas can not meet the process requirement;

(4) cooling treatment: and (4) cooling the gasification residue generated in the step (3) to room temperature and discharging.

2. The gasification method according to claim 1, wherein the domestic waste gasification method comprises the following steps:

(1) and (3) drying treatment: the household garbage is put into the hopper, the compression head is started, the household garbage placed in the hopper (2) is pressed and conveyed into the garbage bin (3) of the gasification furnace by the compression head (1), the household garbage is pressed and conveyed into the drying section of the garbage bin by the compression head, then the household garbage returns to the top of the garbage bin to seal the garbage bin, the heating chamber I (7) is opened to heat the household garbage in the drying section, the household garbage is dried for 4-8 hours under the condition that the temperature is not higher than 250 ℃, the household garbage is dried to generate steam and dried garbage, a part of the steam is pumped out from the steam outlet (4) to be used as a gasification agent, and a part of the steam enters dry distillation treatment along with the dried garbage;

(2) dry distillation treatment: after the drying treatment in the step (1) is finished, continuously putting domestic garbage into the hopper, conveying the domestic garbage into the drying section under pressure by the compression head, returning the domestic garbage to the top of the garbage bin to seal the garbage bin, extruding the dry garbage and part of steam generated in the original drying section to the dry distillation section by the newly-put domestic garbage, and continuously repeating the drying treatment in the step (1) on the materials in the drying section; dry distillation treatment is carried out on the dry garbage extruded into the dry distillation section: opening the upper heating chamber II to heat the dry garbage in the dry distillation section, carrying out dry distillation treatment on the dry garbage for 6-10 hours under the condition that the temperature of the dry garbage is not higher than 800 ℃, carrying out dry distillation on the dry garbage to generate pyrolysis gas and garbage coke, pumping out a part of the pyrolysis gas mixed with steam from a pyrolysis gas outlet (8) to provide heating energy for the heating chamber I and the heating chamber II, and feeding the other part of the pyrolysis gas mixed with steam into gasification treatment along with the garbage coke;

(3) and (3) gasification treatment: after the dry distillation treatment in the step (2) is finished, domestic garbage continues to be put into the hopper, the compression head returns the top of the garbage bin to seal the garbage bin after the domestic garbage is pressed to the drying section, dried garbage generated in the original drying section and part of steam are extruded to the dry distillation section by the newly-put domestic garbage, garbage coke generated in the original dry distillation section and part of pyrolysis gas containing steam are extruded to the gasification section by the dried garbage, the material in the drying section continues to repeat the drying treatment in the step (1), the material in the dry distillation section continues to repeat the dry distillation treatment in the step (2), and the garbage coke extruded to the gasification section is gasified: the steam extracted from the steam outlet (4) in the step (1) is sent into a gasification section from a gasification agent inlet (18), the steam contained in the pyrolysis gas and the steam directly extracted in the step (1) are simultaneously used as gasification agents, a lower heating chamber II is opened to heat the garbage coke in the gasification section, the garbage coke and the steam used as the gasification agents are subjected to gasification reaction for 6-10 hours at the temperature of not higher than 950 ℃ to generate synthesis gas and gasification residues, and the pyrolysis gas is further cracked at high temperature to become part of the synthesis gas; extracting synthetic gas from a synthetic gas outlet (10), purifying the synthetic gas in a purification system, purifying the synthetic gas to remove impurities to obtain product gas for power generation or sending the product gas into a gas pipe network, and when the pyrolysis gas cannot meet the process requirement, using part of the synthetic gas and the pyrolysis gas extracted in the step (2) as fuel to provide heating energy for a heating chamber I and a heating chamber II;

(4) cooling treatment: after the gasification treatment in the step (3) is finished, domestic garbage continues to be put into the hopper, the compression head conveys the domestic garbage to the drying section under pressure, the compression head returns to the top of the garbage bin to seal the garbage bin, dried garbage generated in the original drying section and part of steam are extruded to the dry distillation section by the newly-put domestic garbage, garbage coke generated in the original dry distillation section and part of pyrolysis gas containing steam are extruded to the gasification section by the dried garbage, gasified residues generated in the original gasification section are extruded to the cooling section by the garbage coke, materials in the drying section continue to repeat the drying treatment in the step (1), materials in the dry distillation section continue to repeat the dry distillation treatment in the step (2), materials in the gasification section continue to repeat the gasification treatment in the step (3), and the gasified residues extruded to the cooling section are gasified: opening a cooling chamber (13) to cool the gasification residues in the cooling section, opening a double-roller crusher (15) at the bottom of the cooling section after the gasification residues are cooled to room temperature, crushing the cooled gasification residues by a double-roller discharging device, discharging the materials to the bottom of the gasification furnace, opening a discharging valve (16), and discharging the crushed gasification residues from a discharger through a pipeline; and (4) continuously putting the household garbage into the hopper to form a circular production process.

3. The gasification method according to claim 1, wherein the domestic waste gasification method comprises the following steps:

(1) and (3) drying treatment: starting a compression head, wherein the compression head (1) is used for conveying the household garbage placed in a hopper (2) into a garbage bin (3) of a gasification furnace under pressure, the compression head is descended to convey the household garbage into a drying section, a dry distillation section and a gasification section which are distributed in the garbage bin from top to bottom under pressure, a heating chamber I (7) and a heating chamber II (9) are opened to heat the household garbage in the garbage bin, and the household garbage is dried for 4-8 hours under the condition that the temperature is not higher than 250 ℃; after the drying treatment is finished, the household garbage is dried and thermally cracked to generate steam and dried garbage, wherein a part of the steam is used as a gasifying agent through a steam outlet (4), and a part of the steam is subjected to dry distillation treatment along with the dried garbage;

(2) dry distillation treatment: after the drying treatment in the step (1) is finished, opening a heating chamber I (7) and a heating chamber II (9) to heat the dried garbage in the garbage bin, and carrying out dry distillation treatment on the dried garbage for 6-10 hours at the temperature of not higher than 800 ℃; after the dry distillation treatment is finished, dry garbage is subjected to dry distillation to generate pyrolysis gas and garbage coke; one part of cracked gas containing steam is extracted from a cracked gas outlet (8) to provide heating energy for the heating chamber I and the heating chamber II, and the other part of cracked gas containing steam is gasified along with the garbage coke;

(3) and (3) gasification treatment: after the drying treatment in the step (2) is finished, opening a heating chamber I (7) and a heating chamber II (9) to heat the garbage coke in the garbage bin, simultaneously sending the steam extracted in the step (1) into the garbage bin from a gasifying agent inlet (18), using the steam along with the existence of the garbage coke and the steam directly extracted in the step (1) as a gasifying agent at the same time, carrying out gasification reaction on the garbage coke and the steam used as the gasifying agent for 6-10 hours at the temperature of not higher than 950 ℃ to generate synthesis gas and gasification residues, and further cracking the pyrolysis gas at high temperature to become a part of the synthesis gas; after being extracted from a synthesis gas outlet (10), the pyrolysis gas is purified, impurities are removed by purification, the pyrolysis gas is used as product gas for power generation or is sent to a gas pipe network for use, and when the pyrolysis gas cannot meet the process requirement, part of the synthesis gas and the pyrolysis gas extracted in the step (2) are used as fuel to provide heating energy for a heating chamber I and a heating chamber II;

(4) cooling treatment: the compression head is started, the compression head descends to press and convey the gasification residues to the cooling section of the garbage bin and then returns to the top of the garbage bin to seal the garbage bin, the gasification residues in the cooling section are cooled by the cooling chamber (13), after the gasification residues are cooled to room temperature, the roller crusher (15) at the bottom of the cooling section is opened, the roller discharging device is used for crushing the cooled gasification residues, discharging materials fall into the bottom of the gasification furnace, the discharging valve (16) is opened, and the crushed gasification residues are discharged by the discharging device through a pipeline.

4. A gasification process according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the domestic waste has a moisture content of not less than 30% and is supplemented to meet the gasification requirements when the moisture content of the waste is insufficient.

5. The gasification process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in the step (1), the drying treatment is carried out at a temperature of 150 ℃ and 250 ℃ for a period of 6 hours; in the step (2), the dry distillation treatment is carried out at the treatment temperature of 250-800 ℃ for 8 hours; the gasification treatment is carried out at the treatment temperature of 800-950 ℃ for 8 hours; in the step (4), the cooling time is 2 h.

6. The utility model provides a domestic waste gasification equipment, the main part is the gasifier, its characterized in that:

the gasification furnace comprises a cube section and a rectangular pyramid section from top to bottom, and the cube section is communicated with the rectangular pyramid section; at least 3 garbage bins with the same structure are arranged in the stereo body section; the tail end of the quadrangular pyramid section is provided with a discharge valve (16), the outer part of the quadrangular pyramid section is provided with a water seal groove (17), and the discharge valve is positioned in the water seal groove;

the garbage bin is of a vertical sheet cuboid structure, and a plurality of garbage bins are arranged in the horizontal direction; the garbage bin is characterized in that a V-shaped hopper (2) is arranged at the top end of the garbage bin, the hopper is communicated with the interior of the garbage bin, a compression head (1) capable of sliding up and down along the garbage bin is arranged in the hopper, the compression head is connected with a compressor, the compressor is arranged above the hopper, and the compression head slides down to press garbage in the head into the garbage bin; the garbage bin, the storehouse body divide into drying section, dry distillation section, gasification section and cooling zone from top to bottom, drying section, dry distillation section, gasification section and cooling zone communicate with each other, wherein: a heating chamber I (7) is arranged outside the drying section, a heating chamber II (9) is arranged outside the dry distillation section and the gasification section, and a cooling chamber (13) is arranged outside the cooling section;

the tail end of the garbage bin is provided with a double-roller crusher (15), and the cooling section is positioned above the double-roller crusher (15); the shearing shaft of the roll crusher is used as the bin bottom of the cooling section of the garbage bin, and the shearing shaft rotates when discharging is needed, so that gasified residues are crushed and discharged to the discharge valve.

7. A gasification unit according to claim 6, wherein: the water seal tank (17) is of a hollow tank body structure with an opening, the bottom of the water seal tank is provided with a hole, a discharge pipe is inserted in the hole, the input end of the discharge pipe is communicated with the air locking discharge valve, and the output end of the discharge pipe is connected with a discharger; the outer part of the pipe body of the discharge pipe is connected with the hole in a sealing mode, water is contained in the water seal tank, and the height of the water level is higher than the vertical height of the discharge valve.

8. A gasification unit according to claim 6, wherein: the outer wall of the drying section is provided with an air outlet I; the outer wall of the dry distillation section is provided with an air outlet II; the outer wall of the gasification section is provided with a gas outlet III; the outer wall of the gasification furnace is respectively provided with a steam outlet (4), a pyrolysis gas outlet (8) and a synthesis gas outlet (10) at positions corresponding to the gas outlet I, the gas outlet II and the gas outlet III from top to bottom; the gas outlet I is communicated with the steam outlet (4), the gas outlet II is communicated with a pyrolysis gas outlet (8), and the gas outlet III is communicated with the synthesis gas outlet (10); the outer wall of the gasification section is provided with an air inlet; the outer wall of the gasification furnace is provided with a gasification agent inlet (18) at the position corresponding to the air inlet; the gas inlet is communicated with the gasifying agent inlet, and the gasifying agent inlet is positioned below the synthetic gas outlet; the device is characterized in that the steam outlet (4), the pyrolysis gas outlet (8), the synthesis gas outlet (10) and the gasifying agent inlet (18) are internally provided with anti-blocking structures (6), the anti-blocking structures are groove-shaped structures which are embedded in the inner wall of the garbage bin and open downwards, and a steam collecting pipe, a pyrolysis gas collecting pipe, a synthesis gas collecting pipe and a gasifying agent distributing pipe are respectively arranged in the grooves.

9. A gasification unit according to claim 6, wherein: the steam outlet (4) is connected with a steam pipeline, the tail end of the steam pipeline is connected with a roots pump I, and the outlet of the roots pump I is connected with a steam storage device and/or a device which needs steam as a gasifying agent through a pipeline; the pyrolysis gas outlet (8) is connected with a pyrolysis gas pipeline, the tail end of the pyrolysis gas pipeline is connected with a roots pump II, and the outlet of the roots pump II is connected with a device for storing pyrolysis gas and/or requiring the pyrolysis gas as heating energy through a pipeline; the synthesis gas outlet (10) is connected with a synthesis gas pipeline, the tail end of the synthesis gas pipeline is connected with a roots pump III, and the outlet of the roots pump III is connected with a power generation device or a gas pipe network or a device needing synthesis gas through a pipeline; the gasification agent inlet is connected with the outlet of the roots pump I through a pipeline.

10. A gasification unit in accordance with claim 8 wherein: the heating chamber II (9) comprises an upper heating chamber II and a lower heating chamber II from top to bottom, the upper heating chamber II is used for heating a dry distillation section, and the lower heating chamber II is used for heating a gasification section; the heating chamber I (7), the upper heating chamber II and the lower heating chamber II have the same structure: an outlet I and an inlet I are formed in the outer wall of the gasification furnace from top to bottom, and a heating gas discharge port (5) and a heating gas inlet (11) are formed in the positions, corresponding to the outlet I and the inlet I, of the outer wall of the gasification furnace from top to bottom; heating energy enters the heating chamber I (7), the upper heating chamber II and the lower heating chamber II from the heating gas inlet (11) to respectively provide energy for the heating chambers, and gas generated after combustion is discharged from the heating gas discharge port; an outlet II and an inlet II are formed in the outer wall of the cooling chamber (13) from top to bottom, and a preheated air outlet (12) and a preheated air inlet (14) are formed in the positions, corresponding to the outlet II and the inlet II, of the outer wall of the gasification furnace from top to bottom; cold air enters the cooling chamber through a preheated air inlet (14), and hot air generated after heating is discharged through a preheated air outlet (12).

Technical Field

The invention relates to a domestic garbage gasification method and a domestic garbage gasification device, belonging to the technical field of harmless treatment of domestic garbage.

Background

Common domestic waste treatment processes include landfill, biochemical and incineration. The sanitary landfill site has the advantages of wide applicability, low treatment cost and capability of recovering part of landfill gas, and has the defects of difficult control of smell in the operation process, high treatment cost of leachate, large occupied land area and difficult land reuse; at present, only the residue with the organic matter content of less than 5 percent is allowed to be buried in Germany, the garbage in the existing landfill site is reprocessed in Beijing, and the sanitary landfill is only used as a matched processing facility in the future. The biochemical treatment is only effective on biodegradable components in the domestic garbage, and is very suitable for treating kitchen waste, kitchen waste and garden waste which are collected in a classified manner, the classification progress of the waste in China is slow, the raw materials suitable for the biochemical treatment are few, and the product impurities are high and the sale is difficult when mixed waste is treated biochemically. The incineration is to convert the domestic garbage into inert residue by using the combustion principle, the volume reduction can reach 90 percent, the weight reduction can reach 80 percent, the heat energy and the electric energy can be recovered, but because pollutants such as dioxin and the like are inevitably generated in the treatment process, the event of international and domestic objection to the incineration constantly happens.

The waste gasification is used as the next generation waste treatment technology, the product is synthesis gas, the main components are carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and the synthesis gas can be used as production and domestic gas. At present, two types of garbage gasification are dry distillation modes, one type is an anoxic combustion mode, and the problems are that the generated tar components are complex and unstable and are difficult to utilize, the produced garbage coke impurities are difficult to utilize, meanwhile, the water content of the garbage in China is as high as more than 50%, the energy consumption is high, and the heat value of the product in the anoxic combustion mode is low and is difficult to utilize.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problems in the prior art and provides a domestic garbage gasification method and a domestic garbage gasification device.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the invention firstly provides a domestic garbage gasification method, which comprises the following steps:

(1) and (3) drying treatment: drying the domestic garbage for 4-8 hours at the temperature of not higher than 250 ℃; after the drying treatment is finished, the domestic garbage is dried and thermally cracked to generate steam and dry garbage; dry garbage is subjected to dry distillation treatment, one part of steam is subjected to dry distillation treatment along with the dry garbage, and the other part of steam is directly extracted to be used as a gasifying agent;

(2) dry distillation treatment: performing dry distillation treatment on the dried garbage obtained after drying treatment in the step (1) for 6-10 hours at the temperature of not higher than 800 ℃; after the dry distillation treatment is finished, dry garbage is subjected to dry distillation to generate pyrolysis gas and garbage coke; one part of the pyrolysis gas mixed with steam is extracted to be used as heating energy, and the other part of the pyrolysis gas mixed with steam is gasified along with the garbage coke; maintaining the steam of the part which is dry distilled together with the dry garbage in a state of steam at the temperature of not higher than 800 ℃, and gasifying the residual pyrolysis gas (containing steam) which is mixed with the steam pyrolysis gas and is partially extracted together with the garbage coke;

(3) and (3) gasification treatment: the steam in the pyrolysis gas in the step (2) and the steam directly extracted in the step (1) are simultaneously used as a gasifying agent, the garbage coke obtained after the dry distillation treatment in the step (2) and the steam used as the gasifying agent are subjected to gasification reaction at the temperature of not higher than 950 ℃ to generate synthesis gas and gasification residues, the pyrolysis gas is further cracked at high temperature to become a part of the synthesis gas, and the gasification treatment time is 6-10 hours; the synthesis gas contains ammonia, sulfide and other impurities, the synthesis gas is extracted to be purified to remove the impurities, the synthesis gas is used as a product gas after being purified, and when the pyrolysis gas can not meet the process requirement, part of the synthesis gas and the pyrolysis gas extracted in the step (2) are used as a heating energy source together;

(4) cooling treatment: and (4) cooling the gasification residue generated in the step (3) to room temperature and discharging.

In the technical scheme, the domestic garbage gasification method specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) and (3) drying treatment: the household garbage is put into the hopper, the compression head is started, the household garbage placed in the hopper is pressed and conveyed into the garbage bin of the gasification furnace by the compression head, the compression head descends to press and convey the household garbage to the drying section of the garbage bin and then returns to the top of the garbage bin to seal the garbage bin, the heating chamber I is opened to heat the household garbage in the drying section, the household garbage is dried for 4-8 hours under the condition that the temperature is not higher than 250 ℃, the household garbage is dried to generate steam and dried garbage, a part of the steam is pumped out from the steam outlet to be used as a gasification agent, and a part of the steam enters dry distillation treatment along with the dried garbage;

(2) dry distillation treatment: after the drying treatment in the step (1) is finished, continuously putting domestic garbage into the hopper, conveying the domestic garbage into the drying section under pressure by the compression head, returning the domestic garbage to the top of the garbage bin to seal the garbage bin, extruding the dry garbage and part of steam generated in the original drying section to the dry distillation section by the newly-put domestic garbage, and continuously repeating the drying treatment in the step (1) on the materials in the drying section; dry distillation treatment is carried out on the dry garbage extruded into the dry distillation section: opening the upper heating chamber II to heat the dry garbage in the dry distillation section, carrying out dry distillation treatment on the dry garbage for 6-10 hours under the condition that the temperature of the dry garbage is not higher than 800 ℃, carrying out dry distillation on the dry garbage to generate pyrolysis gas and garbage coke, pumping out a part of the pyrolysis gas mixed with steam from a pyrolysis gas outlet to provide heating energy for the heating chamber I and the heating chamber II, and feeding the other part of the pyrolysis gas mixed with steam into gasification treatment along with the garbage coke; the steam entering the dry distillation section along with the dry garbage keeps the state of water vapor under the condition of not higher than 800 ℃, and the residual pyrolysis gas (containing steam) after the pyrolysis gas (containing steam) is partially extracted is gasified along with the garbage coke;

(3) and (3) gasification treatment: after the dry distillation treatment in the step (2) is finished, domestic garbage continues to be put into the hopper, the compression head returns the top of the garbage bin to seal the garbage bin after the domestic garbage is pressed to the drying section, dried garbage generated in the original drying section and part of steam are extruded to the dry distillation section by the newly-put domestic garbage, garbage coke generated in the original dry distillation section and part of pyrolysis gas containing steam are extruded to the gasification section by the dried garbage, the material in the drying section continues to repeat the drying treatment in the step (1), the material in the dry distillation section continues to repeat the dry distillation treatment in the step (2), and the garbage coke extruded to the gasification section is gasified: sending the steam extracted from the steam outlet in the step (1) into a gasification section from a gasification agent inlet, taking the steam contained in the pyrolysis gas and the steam directly extracted in the step (1) as a gasification agent at the same time, opening a lower heating chamber II to heat the garbage coke in the gasification section, carrying out gasification reaction on the garbage coke and the steam used as the gasification agent for 6-10 hours at the temperature of not higher than 950 ℃ to generate synthesis gas and gasification residues, and further cracking the pyrolysis gas at high temperature to form part of the synthesis gas; the synthetic gas contains ammonia, sulfide and other impurities, the synthetic gas is pumped out from a synthetic gas outlet and then enters a purification system for purification, the synthetic gas is used as product gas for power generation or is sent to a gas pipe network for use after the impurities are removed through purification, and when the pyrolysis gas cannot meet the process requirement, part of the synthetic gas and the pyrolysis gas pumped out in the step (2) are used as fuel together to provide heating energy for the heating chamber I and the heating chamber II;

(4) cooling treatment: after the gasification treatment in the step (3) is finished, domestic garbage continues to be put into the hopper, the compression head conveys the domestic garbage to the drying section under pressure, the compression head returns to the top of the garbage bin to seal the garbage bin, dried garbage generated in the original drying section and part of steam are extruded to the dry distillation section by the newly-put domestic garbage, garbage coke generated in the original dry distillation section and part of pyrolysis gas containing steam are extruded to the gasification section by the dried garbage, gasified residues generated in the original gasification section are extruded to the cooling section by the garbage coke, materials in the drying section continue to repeat the drying treatment in the step (1), materials in the dry distillation section continue to repeat the dry distillation treatment in the step (2), materials in the gasification section continue to repeat the gasification treatment in the step (3), and the gasified residues extruded to the cooling section are gasified: opening the cooling chamber to cool the gasification residues in the cooling section, after the gasification residues are cooled to room temperature, opening a double-roller crusher at the bottom of the cooling section, crushing the cooled gasification residues by a double-roller discharging device, discharging the materials to the bottom of the gasification furnace, opening a discharging valve, and discharging the crushed gasification residues from a discharger through a pipeline; and (4) continuously putting the household garbage into the hopper to form a circular production process.

In the technical scheme, the domestic garbage gasification method specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) and (3) drying treatment: starting a compression head, wherein the compression head is used for conveying the household garbage placed in a hopper into a garbage bin (3) of a gasification furnace under pressure, the compression head is descended to convey the household garbage into a drying section, a dry distillation section and a gasification section which are distributed in the garbage bin from top to bottom under pressure, a heating chamber I and a heating chamber II are opened to heat the household garbage in the garbage bin, and the household garbage is dried for 4-8 hours under the condition that the temperature is not higher than 250 ℃; after the drying treatment is finished, the household garbage is dried and thermally cracked to generate steam and dried garbage, wherein part of the steam is used as a gasifying agent from a steam outlet, and part of the steam is subjected to dry distillation treatment along with the dried garbage;

(2) dry distillation treatment: after the drying treatment in the step (1) is finished, opening the heating chamber I and the heating chamber II to heat the dried garbage in the garbage bin, and carrying out dry distillation treatment on the dried garbage for 6-10 hours at the temperature of not higher than 800 ℃; after the dry distillation treatment is finished, dry garbage is subjected to dry distillation to generate pyrolysis gas and garbage coke; one part of cracked gas containing steam is extracted from a cracked gas outlet to provide heating energy for the heating chamber I and the heating chamber II, and the other part of cracked gas containing steam is gasified along with the garbage coke; steam generated by dry distillation along with the dry garbage can keep the state of water vapor under the condition that the temperature is not higher than 250 ℃, and pyrolysis gas (containing steam) remaining after the pyrolysis gas (containing steam) is extracted is gasified along with garbage coke;

(3) and (3) gasification treatment: after the drying treatment in the step (2) is finished, opening the heating chamber I and the heating chamber II to heat the garbage coke in the garbage bin, simultaneously sending the steam extracted in the step (1) into the garbage bin from a gasifying agent inlet, simultaneously using the steam along with the existence of the garbage coke and the steam directly extracted in the step (1) as a gasifying agent, carrying out gasification reaction on the garbage coke and the steam used as the gasifying agent for 6-10 hours at the temperature of not higher than 950 ℃ to generate synthesis gas and gasification residues, and further cracking the pyrolysis gas at high temperature to form part of the synthesis gas; the synthesis gas contains ammonia, sulfide and other impurities, the pyrolysis gas is extracted from a synthesis gas outlet and then purified, the purified product gas is used for power generation or is sent to a gas pipe network after the impurities are removed, and when the pyrolysis gas cannot meet the process requirement, part of the synthesis gas and the pyrolysis gas extracted in the step (2) are used as fuel to provide heating energy for the heating chamber I and the heating chamber II;

(4) cooling treatment: the compression head is started, the compression head descends to convey gasification residues to a cooling section of the garbage bin under pressure and then returns to the top of the garbage bin to seal the garbage bin, the gasification residues in the cooling section are cooled by a cooling chamber, after the gasification residues are cooled to room temperature, a roller crusher at the bottom of the cooling section is opened, a roller discharging device is used for crushing the cooled gasification residues and discharging the materials to the bottom of a gasification furnace, a discharging valve is opened, and the crushed gasification residues are discharged by a discharger through a pipeline.

In the technical scheme, the water content of the household garbage is not lower than 30%, and preferably 30% -50%; when the water content of the garbage is insufficient, water is supplemented to meet the gasification requirement.

In the above technical solution, in the step (1), the drying treatment is preferably performed at a treatment temperature of 150 ℃ and 250 ℃, and more preferably at a treatment temperature of 250 ℃; the time of treatment is preferably 6 hours.

In the above technical solution, in the step (2), the dry distillation treatment is performed at a treatment temperature of preferably 250-800 ℃, and more preferably 650 ℃; the treatment time is preferably 8 hours.

In the above technical solution, in the step (3), the gasification treatment is preferably performed at a treatment temperature of 800-; the treatment time is preferably 8 hours.

In the above technical solution, in the step (4), the cooling time is preferably 2 hours.

The invention also provides a domestic garbage gasification device, the main body of which is a gasification furnace, and the domestic garbage gasification device is characterized in that:

the gasification furnace comprises a cube section and a rectangular pyramid section from top to bottom, and the cube section is communicated with the rectangular pyramid section; a plurality of garbage bins with the same structure are arranged in the stereo body section; the tail end of the quadrangular pyramid section is provided with a discharge valve, the outer part of the quadrangular pyramid section is provided with a water seal groove, and the discharge valve is positioned in the water seal groove;

the garbage bin is of a vertical sheet cuboid structure, and a plurality of garbage bins are arranged in the horizontal direction; the top end of the garbage bin is provided with a V-shaped hopper, the hopper is communicated with the interior of the garbage bin, a compression head capable of sliding up and down along the garbage bin is arranged in the hopper, and the compression head slides down to press garbage in the head into the garbage bin; the tail end of the garbage bin is provided with a double-roll crusher;

the garbage bin, the storehouse body divide into drying section, dry distillation section, gasification section and cooling zone from top to bottom, drying section, dry distillation section, gasification section and cooling zone communicate with each other, wherein: a heating chamber I is arranged outside the drying section, a heating chamber II is arranged outside the dry distillation section and the gasification section, and a cooling chamber is arranged outside the cooling section; the cooling section is positioned above the double-roll crusher.

In the technical scheme, the quantity of the garbage bins is at least 3, and the quantity of the garbage bins is determined according to production requirements.

In the technical scheme, the water seal tank is of a hollow tank body structure with an opening, the bottom of the water seal tank is provided with a hole, a discharge pipe is inserted into the hole, the input end of the discharge pipe is communicated with the air locking discharge valve, and the output end of the discharge pipe is connected with a discharger; the outer part of the pipe body of the discharge pipe is connected with the hole in a sealing mode, water is contained in the water seal tank, and the height of the water level is higher than the vertical height of the discharge valve.

In the technical scheme, the compression head is connected with a compressor, and the compressor is arranged above the hopper; the compressor controls the compression head to rise and fall.

In the technical scheme, the double-roller crusher is used for discharging, the shearing shaft of the double-roller crusher is used as the bin bottom of the cooling section of the garbage bin, the shearing shaft rotates when discharging is needed, and gasified residues are crushed and discharged to the discharging valve. The garbage, garbage coke and residues in the upper drying section, the dry distillation section and the gasification section move downwards under the action of the compression head, and the roller crusher is used for crushing and discharging the residues left after gasification.

In the technical scheme, the outer wall of the drying section is provided with an air outlet I; the outer wall of the dry distillation section is provided with an air outlet II; the outer wall of the gasification section is provided with a gas outlet III; the outer wall of the gasification furnace is provided with a steam outlet, a pyrolysis gas outlet and a synthesis gas outlet respectively at positions corresponding to the gas outlet I, the gas outlet II and the gas outlet III from top to bottom; the gas outlet I is communicated with the steam outlet, the gas outlet II is communicated with the pyrolysis gas outlet, and the gas outlet III is communicated with the synthesis gas outlet.

In the technical scheme, the steam outlet is connected with a steam pipeline, the tail end of the steam pipeline is connected with a roots pump I, and the outlet of the roots pump I is connected with a steam storage device and/or a device which needs steam as a gasifying agent through a pipeline; the outlet of the Roots pump II is connected with a device for storing the cracked gas and/or needing the cracked gas as heating energy through a pipeline; the synthesis gas outlet is connected with a synthesis gas pipeline, the tail end of the synthesis gas pipeline is connected with a roots pump III, and the outlet of the roots pump III is connected with a power generation device or a gas pipe network or a device needing synthesis gas through a pipeline.

In the technical scheme, the outer wall of the gasification section is provided with an air inlet; the outer wall of the gasification furnace is provided with a gasification agent inlet at the position corresponding to the air inlet; the gas inlet is communicated with the gasifying agent inlet, and the gasifying agent inlet is positioned below the synthetic gas outlet; the gasification agent inlet is connected with the outlet of the roots pump I through a pipeline.

In the technical scheme, the steam outlet, the pyrolysis gas outlet, the synthesis gas outlet and the gasification agent inlet are internally provided with anti-blocking structures, the anti-blocking structures are groove-shaped structures embedded in the inner wall of the garbage bin and provided with downward openings, and a steam collecting pipe, a pyrolysis gas collecting pipe, a synthesis gas collecting pipe and a gasification agent distributing pipe are respectively arranged in the grooves; the anti-blocking structure is used for collecting pyrolysis gas or synthesis gas and preventing solids from blocking a gas pipeline.

In the above technical scheme, the heating chamber II comprises an upper heating chamber II and a lower heating chamber II from top to bottom, the upper heating chamber II is used for heating in a dry distillation section, and the lower heating chamber II is used for heating in a gasification section.

In the above technical scheme, the heating chamber I, the upper heating chamber II and the lower heating chamber II have the same structure: the outer wall of the gasification furnace is provided with an outlet I and an inlet I from top to bottom, and the outer wall of the gasification furnace is provided with a heating gas discharge port and a heating gas inlet at positions corresponding to the outlet I and the inlet I from top to bottom; heating energy enters the heating chamber I, the upper heating chamber II and the lower heating chamber II from the heating gas inlet to respectively provide energy for the heating chamber I, the upper heating chamber II and the lower heating chamber II, and gas generated after combustion is discharged from the heating gas discharge port.

In the technical scheme, the outer wall of the cooling chamber is provided with an outlet II and an inlet II from top to bottom, and the outer wall of the gasification furnace is provided with a preheated air outlet and a preheated air inlet at positions corresponding to the outlet II and the inlet II from top to bottom; cold air enters the cooling chamber through the preheated air inlet, and hot air generated after heating is discharged through the preheated air outlet.

When the device is used, a generator or an external power supply is arranged, and the power supply is provided for structures (such as a compressor, a roots pump, a double-roll crusher and the like) which need electric power in the device.

The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:

(1) the organic carbon in life is fully extracted by adopting a drying, pyrolysis (dry distillation) and gasification combined process, and the final products are synthesis gas and ash.

(2) The steam generated in the drying process is used as a gasifying agent, and has the functions of preventing the emission of odor in the evaporation process, storing the latent heat of vaporization of water in the synthesis gas to reduce energy cost, and gasifying the carbon generated in the pyrolysis process into the synthesis gas (carbon monoxide and hydrogen).

(3) The waste is heated by adopting an external heating method, so that the addition of nitrogen in the air is avoided, and the quality of the formed gas is improved.

(4) An integrated or segmented process can be adopted, and the method is flexibly suitable for the requirements of different customers.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the external structure of the apparatus of the present invention;

wherein:

1 is a compression head; 2 is a hopper; 3 is a garbage bin; 4 is a steam outlet; 5 is a heating gas discharge port; 6 is an anti-blocking structure; 7 is a heating chamber 1; 8 is a cracked gas outlet; 9 is a heating chamber II; 10 is a synthetic gas outlet; 11 is a heating gas inlet; 12 is a preheated air outlet; 13 is a cooling chamber; a 14-position preheated air inlet; 15 is a double-roll crusher; 16 is a discharge valve; 17 is a water seal tank; and 18 is a gasification agent inlet.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided, but the present invention is not limited to the following descriptions:

the invention provides a domestic garbage gasification device, the main body of which is a gasification furnace, as shown in figures 2 and 3:

the gasification furnace comprises a cube section and a rectangular pyramid section from top to bottom, and the cube section is communicated with the rectangular pyramid section; a plurality of garbage bins (the number of the garbage bins is at least 3) with the same structure are arranged in the stereo body section; the tail end of the quadrangular pyramid section is provided with a discharge valve 16, the outer part of the quadrangular pyramid section is provided with a water seal groove 17, and the discharge valve is positioned in the water seal groove;

the garbage bin is of a vertical sheet cuboid structure, and a plurality of garbage bins are arranged in the horizontal direction; the top end of the garbage bin is provided with a V-shaped hopper 2, the hopper is communicated with the interior of the garbage bin, a compression head 1 capable of sliding up and down along the garbage bin is arranged in the hopper, and the compression head slides down to press garbage in the hopper into the garbage bin; the tail end of the garbage bin is provided with a double-roll crusher 15;

the garbage bin, the storehouse body divide into drying section, dry distillation section, gasification section and cooling zone from top to bottom, drying section, dry distillation section, gasification section and cooling zone communicate with each other, wherein: a heating chamber I7 is arranged outside the drying section, a heating chamber II 9 is arranged outside the dry distillation section and the gasification section, and a cooling chamber 13 is arranged outside the cooling section; the cooling section is located above the roll crusher 15.

In the invention, the water seal tank 17 is of a hollow tank body structure with an opening, the bottom of the water seal tank is provided with a hole, a discharge pipe is inserted in the hole, the input end of the discharge pipe is communicated with the air locking discharge valve, and the output end of the discharge pipe is connected with a discharger; the outer part of the pipe body of the discharge pipe is connected with the hole in a sealing mode, water is contained in the water seal tank, and the height of the water level is higher than the vertical height of the discharge valve.

In the invention, the compression head is connected with a compressor, and the compressor is arranged above the hopper; the compressor controls the compression head to rise and fall.

In the invention, the shearing shaft of the double-roller crusher 15 is used as the bin bottom of the cooling section of the garbage bin, and the shearing shaft rotates when discharging is needed, so that gasified residues are crushed and discharged to the discharge valve.

In the invention, the outer wall of the drying section is provided with an air outlet I; the outer wall of the dry distillation section is provided with an air outlet II; the outer wall of the gasification section is provided with a gas outlet III; the outer wall of the gasification furnace is respectively provided with a steam outlet 4, a pyrolysis gas outlet 8 and a synthesis gas outlet 10 at positions corresponding to the gas outlet I, the gas outlet II and the gas outlet III from top to bottom; the gas outlet I is communicated with the steam outlet 4, the gas outlet II is communicated with the pyrolysis gas outlet 8, and the gas outlet III is communicated with the synthesis gas outlet 10.

In the invention, the steam outlet 4 is connected with a steam pipeline, the tail end of the steam pipeline is connected with a roots pump I, and the outlet of the roots pump I is connected with a steam storage device and/or a device which needs steam as a gasifying agent through a pipeline; the pyrolysis gas outlet 8 is connected with a pyrolysis gas pipeline, the tail end of the pyrolysis gas pipeline is connected with a roots pump II, and the outlet of the roots pump II is connected with a device for storing pyrolysis gas and/or needing pyrolysis gas as heating energy through a pipeline; the synthesis gas outlet 10 is connected with a synthesis gas pipeline, the tail end of the synthesis gas pipeline is connected with a roots pump III, and the outlet of the roots pump III is connected with a power generation device or a gas pipe network or a device needing synthesis gas through a pipeline.

In the invention, the outer wall of the gasification section is provided with an air inlet; the outer wall of the gasification furnace is provided with a gasification agent inlet 18 at the position corresponding to the air inlet; the gas inlet is communicated with the gasifying agent inlet, and the gasifying agent inlet is positioned below the synthetic gas outlet; the gasification agent inlet is connected with the outlet of the roots pump I through a pipeline.

In the invention, the steam outlet 4, the pyrolysis gas outlet 8, the synthesis gas outlet 10 and the gasification agent inlet 18 are internally provided with anti-blocking structures 6 which are groove-shaped structures embedded in the inner wall of the garbage bin and opened downwards, and a steam collecting pipe, a pyrolysis gas collecting pipe, a synthesis gas collecting pipe and a gasification agent distributing pipe are respectively arranged in the grooves; the anti-blocking structure 6 is used for collecting pyrolysis gas or synthesis gas and preventing solids from blocking a gas pipeline.

In the invention, the heating chamber II 9 comprises an upper heating chamber II and a lower heating chamber II from top to bottom, wherein the upper heating chamber II is used for heating a dry distillation section, and the lower heating chamber II is used for heating a gasification section; the heating chamber I7, the upper heating chamber II and the lower heating chamber II have the same structure: the outer wall of the gasification furnace is provided with an outlet I and an inlet I from top to bottom, and the outer wall of the gasification furnace is provided with a heating gas discharge port 5 and a heating gas inlet 11 at positions corresponding to the outlet I and the inlet I from top to bottom; heating energy enters the heating chamber I7, the upper heating chamber II and the lower heating chamber II from the heating gas inlet 11 to respectively provide energy for the heating chamber I, the upper heating chamber II and the lower heating chamber II, and gas generated after combustion is discharged from the heating gas discharge port.

In the invention, the outer wall of the cooling chamber 13 is provided with an outlet II and an inlet II from top to bottom, and the outer wall of the gasification furnace is provided with a preheated air outlet 12 and a preheated air inlet 14 at positions corresponding to the outlet II and the inlet II from top to bottom; cold air is introduced into the cooling chamber through the preheated air inlet 14, and hot air generated by heating is discharged through the preheated air outlet 12.

When the device is used, a generator or an external power supply is arranged, and the power supply is provided for a structure needing electric power in the device.

The invention firstly provides a method for gasifying domestic garbage by using the device, and the flow chart is shown in figure 1:

(1) and (3) drying treatment: drying the domestic garbage for 4-8 hours at the temperature of not higher than 250 ℃; after the drying treatment is finished, the domestic garbage is dried and thermally cracked to generate steam and dry garbage; dry garbage is subjected to dry distillation treatment, one part of steam is subjected to dry distillation treatment along with the dry garbage, and the other part of steam is directly extracted to be used as a gasifying agent;

(2) dry distillation treatment: performing dry distillation treatment on the dried garbage obtained after drying treatment in the step (1) for 6-10 hours at the temperature of not higher than 800 ℃; after the dry distillation treatment is finished, dry garbage is subjected to dry distillation to generate pyrolysis gas and garbage coke; one part of the pyrolysis gas mixed with steam is extracted to be used as heating energy, and the other part of the pyrolysis gas mixed with steam is gasified along with the garbage coke; maintaining the steam of the part which is dry distilled together with the dry garbage in a state of steam at the temperature of not higher than 800 ℃, and gasifying the residual pyrolysis gas (containing steam) which is mixed with the steam pyrolysis gas and is partially extracted together with the garbage coke;

(3) and (3) gasification treatment: the steam in the pyrolysis gas in the step (2) and the steam directly extracted in the step (1) are simultaneously used as a gasifying agent, the garbage coke obtained after the dry distillation treatment in the step (2) and the steam used as the gasifying agent are subjected to gasification reaction at the temperature of not higher than 950 ℃ to generate synthesis gas and gasification residues, the pyrolysis gas is further cracked at high temperature to become a part of the synthesis gas, and the gasification treatment time is 6-10 hours; the synthesis gas contains ammonia, sulfide and other impurities, the synthesis gas is extracted to be purified to remove the impurities, the synthesis gas is used as a product gas after being purified, and when the pyrolysis gas can not meet the process requirement, part of the synthesis gas and the pyrolysis gas extracted in the step (2) are used as a heating energy source together;

(4) cooling treatment: and (4) cooling the gasification residue generated in the step (3) to room temperature and discharging.

The invention will now be illustrated with reference to specific examples:

example 1:

a household garbage gasification device comprises a main body which is a gasification furnace:

the gasification furnace comprises a cube section and a rectangular pyramid section from top to bottom, and the cube section is communicated with the rectangular pyramid section; a plurality of garbage bins (3 in the embodiment) with the same structure are arranged in the stereo body section; the tail end of the quadrangular pyramid section is provided with a discharge valve 16, the outer part of the quadrangular pyramid section is provided with a water seal groove 17, and the discharge valve is positioned in the water seal groove; the water seal tank 17 is of a hollow tank body structure with an opening, the bottom of the water seal tank is provided with a hole, a discharge pipe is inserted in the hole, the input end of the discharge pipe is communicated with the air locking discharge valve, and the output end of the discharge pipe is connected with a discharger; the outer part of the pipe body of the discharge pipe is hermetically connected with the hole, water is contained in the water seal tank, and the height of the water level is higher than the vertical height of the discharge valve;

the garbage bin is of a vertical sheet cuboid structure, and a plurality of garbage bins are arranged in the horizontal direction; the top end of the garbage bin is provided with a V-shaped hopper 2, the hopper is communicated with the interior of the garbage bin, a compression head 1 capable of sliding up and down along the garbage bin is arranged in the hopper, the compression head is connected with a compressor, and the compressor is arranged above the hopper; the compression head slides downwards to press the garbage in the material head into the garbage bin; the tail end of the garbage bin is provided with a double-roll crusher 15; a shearing shaft of the roll crusher is used as the bin bottom of the cooling section of the garbage bin, and the shearing shaft rotates when discharging is needed, so that gasified residues are crushed and discharged to a discharge valve;

the garbage bin, the storehouse body divide into drying section, dry distillation section, gasification section and cooling zone from top to bottom, drying section, dry distillation section, gasification section and cooling zone communicate with each other, wherein: a heating chamber I7 is arranged outside the drying section, a heating chamber II 9 is arranged outside the dry distillation section and the gasification section, and a cooling chamber 13 is arranged outside the cooling section; the cooling section is positioned above the double-roll crusher 15;

the heating chamber II 9 comprises an upper heating chamber II and a lower heating chamber II from top to bottom, the upper heating chamber II is used for heating a dry distillation section, and the lower heating chamber II is used for heating a gasification section; the heating chamber I7, the upper heating chamber II and the lower heating chamber II have the same structure: the outer wall of the gasification furnace is provided with an outlet I and an inlet I from top to bottom, and the outer wall of the gasification furnace is provided with a heating gas discharge port 5 and a heating gas inlet 11 at positions corresponding to the outlet I and the inlet I from top to bottom; heating energy enters the heating chamber I7, the upper heating chamber II and the lower heating chamber II from the heating gas inlet 11 to respectively provide energy for the heating chambers, and gas generated after combustion is discharged from the heating gas discharge port; an outlet II and an inlet II are formed in the outer wall of the cooling chamber 13 from top to bottom, and a preheated air outlet 12 and a preheated air inlet 14 are formed in the positions, corresponding to the outlet II and the inlet II, of the outer wall of the gasification furnace from top to bottom; cold air enters the cooling chamber through the preheated air inlet 14, and hot air generated after heating is discharged through the preheated air outlet 12;

the outer wall of the drying section is provided with an air outlet I; the outer wall of the dry distillation section is provided with an air outlet II; the outer wall of the gasification section is provided with a gas outlet III; the outer wall of the gasification furnace is respectively provided with a steam outlet 4, a pyrolysis gas outlet 8 and a synthesis gas outlet 10 at positions corresponding to the gas outlet I, the gas outlet II and the gas outlet III from top to bottom; the gas outlet I is communicated with the steam outlet 4, the gas outlet II is communicated with a pyrolysis gas outlet 8, and the gas outlet III is communicated with the synthesis gas outlet 10;

the steam outlet 4 is connected with a steam pipeline, the tail end of the steam pipeline is connected with a roots pump I, and the outlet of the roots pump I is connected with a steam storage device and/or a device which needs steam as a gasifying agent through a pipeline; the pyrolysis gas outlet 8 is connected with a pyrolysis gas pipeline, the tail end of the pyrolysis gas pipeline is connected with a roots pump II, and the outlet of the roots pump II is connected with a device for storing pyrolysis gas and/or needing pyrolysis gas as heating energy through a pipeline; the synthesis gas outlet 10 is connected with a synthesis gas pipeline, the tail end of the synthesis gas pipeline is connected with a roots pump III, and the outlet of the roots pump III is connected with a power generation device or a gas pipe network or a device needing synthesis gas through a pipeline;

the outer wall of the gasification section is provided with an air inlet; the outer wall of the gasification furnace is provided with a gasification agent inlet 18 at the position corresponding to the air inlet; the gas inlet is communicated with the gasifying agent inlet, and the gasifying agent inlet is positioned below the synthetic gas outlet; the gasification agent inlet is connected with the outlet of the roots pump I through a pipeline;

the inside of the steam outlet 4, the pyrolysis gas outlet 8, the synthesis gas outlet 10 and the gasifying agent inlet 18 are all provided with anti-blocking structures 6, the anti-blocking structures are groove-shaped structures which are embedded in the inner wall of the garbage bin and are opened downwards, and a steam collecting pipe, a pyrolysis gas collecting pipe, a synthesis gas collecting pipe and a gasifying agent distributing pipe are respectively arranged in the grooves;

when the device is used, a generator or an external power supply is arranged, and the power supply is provided for a structure needing electric power in the device.

Example 2:

a domestic garbage gasification method is carried out by adopting the device in the embodiment 1, wherein 3 garbage bins are simultaneously fed and operated, the operation parameters of the same stage of each garbage bin are the same, the water content of the domestic garbage treated in the embodiment is 30-50%, and the method comprises the following steps:

(1) and (3) drying treatment: the compression head 1 is used for pressing domestic waste into the garbage bin 3 from the hopper 2, and no heating device is arranged between the hopper and the garbage bin, and the function of the compression head is a sealing effect. Starting a compression head, wherein the compression head 1 is used for pressure-feeding the household garbage placed in a hopper 2 into a garbage bin 3 of a gasification furnace, the compression head is descended to pressure-feed the household garbage into a drying section of the garbage bin and then returns to the top of the garbage bin to seal the garbage bin, a heating chamber I7 is opened to heat the household garbage in the drying section, the household garbage is dried for 6 hours at 250 ℃, the household garbage is dried and thermally cracked to generate steam and dried garbage, a part of the steam is extracted from a steam outlet 4 to be used as a gasification agent, and a part of the steam enters dry distillation treatment along with the dried garbage;

(2) dry distillation treatment: after the drying treatment in the step (1) is finished, continuously putting domestic garbage into the hopper, conveying the domestic garbage into the drying section under pressure by the compression head, returning the domestic garbage to the top of the garbage bin to seal the garbage bin, extruding the dry garbage and part of steam generated in the original drying section to the dry distillation section by the newly-put domestic garbage, and continuously repeating the drying treatment in the step (1) on the materials in the drying section; dry distillation treatment is carried out on the dry garbage extruded into the dry distillation section: opening the upper heating chamber II to heat the dry garbage in the dry distillation section, performing dry distillation treatment on the dry garbage for 8 hours at 650 ℃, performing dry distillation on the dry garbage to generate pyrolysis gas and garbage coke, wherein the pyrolysis gas is CH₄Mainly contains small amount of other low molecular hydrocarbon olefin, tar and H₂S、NH₃And the like, and part of the cracked gas can be extracted from a cracked gas outlet and used as energy of the system; one part of pyrolysis gas and steam are pumped out from a pyrolysis gas outlet (8) to provide heating energy for the heating chamber I and the heating chamber II, and the other part of pyrolysis gas and steam enter gasification treatment along with garbage coke;

(3) and (3) gasification treatment: after the dry distillation treatment in the step (2) is finished, domestic garbage continues to be put into the hopper, the compression head returns the top of the garbage bin to seal the garbage bin after the domestic garbage is pressed to the drying section, dried garbage and part of steam generated in the original drying section are extruded to the dry distillation section by the newly-put domestic garbage, garbage coke generated in the original dry distillation section, part of pyrolysis gas and steam are extruded to the gasification section by the dried garbage, the material in the drying section continues to repeat the drying treatment in the step (1), the material in the dry distillation section continues to repeat the dry distillation treatment in the step (2), and the garbage coke extruded to the gasification section is gasified: the steam extracted from the steam outlet 4 in the step (1) is sent into the gasification furnace section from the gasification agent inlet 18 (the steam extracted from each garbage bin returns to the garbage bin of itself to be used as the gasification agent, and can also be sent to other garbage bins to be used as the gasification agent), the steam along with the garbage coke and the steam directly extracted in the step (1) are simultaneously used as the gasification agent, and the lower heating chamber II is opened to feed the garbage coke in the gasification sectionHeating, and gasifying the garbage coke and steam used as a gasifying agent at 900 ℃ for 8H to generate synthesis gas (CO and H)₂Referred to as syngas) and gasification residues; the synthetic gas contains ammonia gas, sulfide and other impurities, the synthetic gas is pumped out from a synthetic gas outlet 10 and then enters a purification system for purification, the synthetic gas is used as product gas for power generation or is sent to a gas pipe network for use after purification, and when the heat provided by the pyrolysis gas cannot meet the process requirement, part of the synthetic gas and the pyrolysis gas pumped out in the step (2) are used as fuel together to provide heating energy for a heating chamber I and a heating chamber II;

(4) cooling treatment: after the gasification treatment in the step (3) is finished, domestic garbage is continuously put into the stub bar, the compression head conveys the domestic garbage to the drying section under pressure, the compression head returns to the top of the garbage bin to seal the garbage bin, dried garbage and part of steam generated in the original drying section are extruded to the dry distillation section by the newly-added domestic garbage, garbage coke generated in the original dry distillation section, part of pyrolysis gas and steam are extruded to the gasification section by the dried garbage, gasified residues generated in the original gasification section are extruded to the cooling section by the garbage coke, materials in the drying section are continuously subjected to the drying treatment in the step (1), materials in the dry distillation section are continuously subjected to the dry distillation treatment in the step (2), materials in the gasification section are continuously subjected to the gasification treatment in the step (3), and the gasified residues extruded into the cooling section are subjected to the gasification treatment: opening the cooling chamber 13 to cool the gasification residues in the cooling section, after the gasification residues are cooled to room temperature, opening a double-roller crusher 15 at the bottom of the cooling section, crushing the cooled gasification residues by a double-roller discharging device, discharging the materials to the bottom of the gasification furnace, opening a discharging valve 16, and discharging the crushed gasification residues from a discharger through a pipeline; and (4) continuously putting the household garbage into the hopper to form a circular production process.

Through detection, the pyrolysis gas collected in the step (2) mainly comprises 40-60% of hydrogen, 20-30% of methane, 5-10% of carbon monoxide, 5-10% of nitrogen, and the balance of non-alkane, carbon dioxide, oxygen and part of impurities; the main components of the synthesis gas collected in the step (3) are hydrogen (40% -60%), carbon monoxide (25% -40%), nitrogen (5% -10%) and carbon dioxide (5% -10%).

Example 3:

a domestic garbage gasification method is carried out by adopting the device in example 1, A, B, C is fed once, but each garbage bin is in different stages, and different process parameters (process parameter phases in the same stage) are adopted. After the operation for a period of time, the garbage bin A is in a drying stage, the garbage bin B is in a cracking stage, and the garbage bin C is in a gasification stage.

3 garbage bins in this embodiment are named as bin A, bin B and bin C from left to right in proper order:

(1) firstly, putting domestic garbage into the bin C, conveying the domestic garbage into a garbage bin drying section, a dry distillation section and a gasification section by a compression head, opening a heating chamber I and a heating chamber II, drying the domestic garbage at 250 ℃, wherein the drying treatment lasts for 6 hours, the bin C is only dried integrally at the moment, and steam extracted from a steam outlet is temporarily used for later use;

(2) when the drying treatment of the bin C is finished, domestic garbage is put into the drying section, the dry distillation section and the gasification section of the bin B; then, the temperature of the bin C is increased, dry distillation treatment is carried out at 650 ℃, the time of the dry distillation treatment is 8 hours, and pyrolysis gas generated by the dry distillation treatment is extracted from a pyrolysis gas outlet of the bin C to provide heating energy for a heating chamber I and a heating chamber II; opening a heating chamber I and a heating chamber II of a chamber B at the same time, drying the chamber B according to the parameters in the step (1), and temporarily using the steam extracted from a steam outlet of the chamber B by the steam generated after the drying;

(3) when the dry distillation treatment of the bin C is finished, domestic garbage is put into the drying section, the dry distillation section and the gasification section of the bin A in the same way; continuing to increase the temperature of the C bin, and carrying out gasification treatment at 850 ℃ for 8 hours, wherein the C bin is in a gasification stage, and the synthetic gas generated by the gasification treatment is pumped out from a synthetic gas outlet of the C bin and then is sent into a purification system; meanwhile, the temperature of the bin B is increased, the bin B is subjected to dry distillation treatment according to the parameters in the step (2), the bin B is in a cracking stage, and generated cracking gas is extracted from a cracking gas outlet of the bin B and then provides heating energy for the heating chamber I and the heating chamber II; opening a heating chamber I and a heating chamber II of a bin A at the same time, drying the bin A according to the parameters in the step (1), wherein the bin A is in a drying stage, namely, the three bins are in different reaction stages at the same time (the bin A is in the drying stage, the bin B is in a cracking stage, and the bin C is in a gasification stage); steam generated in the drying stage of the bin A is pumped out from a steam outlet of the bin A and then enters the bin C from a gasifying agent inlet of the bin C to provide a gasifying agent for the bin C;

(4) c, cooling after the gasification of the bin C, discharging after the cooling, feeding after the discharging, and drying newly-fed household garbage according to the operation of the step (1); when the bin C is subjected to the cooling, feeding, discharging and drying treatment, the temperature of the bin A is increased, the bin A is subjected to dry distillation treatment according to the parameters in the step (2), the bin A is in a cracking stage, and generated cracking gas is extracted from a cracking gas outlet of the bin A and then provides heating energy for the heating chamber I and the heating chamber II; meanwhile, the temperature of the bin B is increased, the bin B is subjected to gasification treatment according to the parameters in the step (3), so that the bin B is in a gasification stage, and the steam required by the bin B comes from the steam extracted from the bin C in the step (1) and the steam extracted when the new household garbage in the bin C is subjected to drying treatment;

(5) cooling after the gasification treatment of the bin B, discharging after the cooling treatment is finished, feeding after the discharging is finished, and drying newly-fed household garbage according to the operation of the step (1); when the cooling, feeding, discharging and drying treatment is carried out on the bin B, the temperature of the bin C is increased, so that the bin C is in a cracking stage; meanwhile, the temperature of the bin A is increased, so that the bin A is in a gasification stage, and the steam required by the bin A comes from the steam extracted from the bin B in the step (2) and the steam extracted when the household garbage in the bin B is dried;

through the three circulation processes, the three processes of drying, cracking and gasification are completed, the process is called as a sequencing batch production process, the cracking gas and the synthesis gas can be separately collected, wherein the cracking gas is used as the energy of the process, tar, H2S and the like in the gas are converted into pollution-free gases such as CO2 and H2O through combustion, or components such as SO2 and the like which are easy to treat, and the production cost is reduced. The collected synthesis gas has less impurities and greatly reduces the purification cost.

The above examples are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.