阅读说明：本技术 一种球型裂变核反应堆堆芯 (Reactor core of spherical fission nuclear reactor ) 是由 王翔 于 2020-06-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提出了一种球型裂变核反应堆堆芯,属于核反应堆堆芯领域。解决了现有裂变核反应堆堆芯几何形状与各向同性的中子分布没有充分匹配、空间没有得到充分利用的问题。它包括球型容器、液态燃料、控制棒棒体和冷却机构,所述液态燃料填充在球型容器内部,所述球型容器表面开设有多个规则排布的圆孔,每个圆孔均与控制棒内筒相连,多个控制棒内筒均延伸至球型容器内部,所述控制棒棒体插入到控制棒内筒中,所述冷却机构与球型容器内部相连并与液态燃料进行换热。它主要用于裂变核反应堆。(The invention provides a reactor core of a spherical fission nuclear reactor, belonging to the field of reactor cores of nuclear reactors. The reactor core solves the problems that the geometric shape of the reactor core of the existing fission nuclear reactor is not fully matched with the isotropic neutron distribution, and the space is not fully utilized. The liquid fuel is filled in the spherical container, a plurality of regularly-distributed round holes are formed in the surface of the spherical container, each round hole is connected with the control rod inner barrel, the control rod inner barrels extend into the spherical container, the control rod bodies are inserted into the control rod inner barrels, and the cooling mechanism is connected with the interior of the spherical container and exchanges heat with the liquid fuel. It is mainly used in fission nuclear reactors.)

1. A spherical fission nuclear reactor core, characterized by: the novel control rod comprises a spherical container, liquid fuel (3), a control rod body (5) and a cooling mechanism, wherein the liquid fuel (3) is filled in the spherical container, a plurality of regularly-arranged round holes are formed in the surface of the spherical container, each round hole is connected with a control rod inner barrel (4), the control rod inner barrels (4) extend into the spherical container, the control rod body (5) is inserted into the control rod inner barrels (4), and the cooling mechanism is connected with the interior of the spherical container and exchanges heat with the liquid fuel (3).

2. The pellet fission nuclear reactor core of claim 1, wherein: the control rod inner cylinders (4) point to the spherical center of the spherical container.

3. The pellet fission nuclear reactor core of claim 1, wherein: included angles exist between the control rod inner cylinders (4) and the spherical centers of the spherical containers, and the control rod inner cylinders (4) are equal in length.

4. A spherical fission nuclear reactor core according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the cooling mechanism comprises a cooling pipeline (7), a coolant inlet (11) and a coolant outlet (12), the cooling pipeline (7) penetrates through the center of the spherical container and extends out of a plurality of cooling channels along the circumferential direction, the plurality of cooling channels are communicated with one another, two ends of the cooling pipeline (7) are respectively connected with the coolant inlet (11) and the coolant outlet (12), and the plurality of control rod inner cylinders (4) are inserted among the plurality of cooling channels.

5. A spherical fission nuclear reactor core according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the cooling mechanism is a heat pipe (13), the interior of the heat pipe (13) is inserted into the interior of the spherical container, the exterior of the heat pipe (13) is positioned outside the spherical container, and the transmission and heat exchange of fluid in the heat pipe (13) are carried out through capillary action or phase change.

6. The pellet fission nuclear reactor core of claim 1, wherein: the reactor core further comprises one or more muddy devices (15), the rotating end of each muddy device (15) is arranged inside the spherical container, and the input end of each muddy device (15) is connected with the motor (14).

7. The pellet fission nuclear reactor core of claim 1, wherein: the spherical container is provided with a material changing pipeline (8), and a material changing inlet (9) and a material changing outlet (10) of the material changing pipeline (8) are respectively arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the spherical container.

8. The pellet fission nuclear reactor core of claim 1, wherein: the liquid fuel (3) is liquid metal or molten salt.

9. The pellet fission nuclear reactor core of claim 1, wherein: the liquid metal fuel or molten salt contains uranium or plutonium.

10. The pellet fission nuclear reactor core of claim 1, wherein: and a pressure stabilizing device is arranged on the surface of the spherical container.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of nuclear reactor cores, and particularly relates to a core of a spherical fission nuclear reactor.

Background

At present, nuclear reactors based on the fission principle are mostly in a plate-shaped structure or a cylindrical structure, and although the structure is in a conventional shape, the structure is not optimal from the viewpoint of neutron distribution; on the basis of meeting the critical volume of nuclear fuel of the nuclear reactor, compared with the nuclear reactor cores of other shapes, the spherical nuclear reactor can have the minimum volume and further has the minimum mass. At present, the spherical nuclear reactor is only applied to a device based on a fusion principle, and is not used in a fission nuclear reactor.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a core of a spherical fission nuclear reactor, aiming at solving the problems in the prior art.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a nuclear reactor core of sphere type fission, it includes sphere type container, liquid fuel, control rod body and cooling mechanism, liquid fuel is filled inside the sphere type container, the sphere type container surface is seted up a plurality of regularly arranged's round hole, and every round hole all links to each other with the control rod inner tube, and a plurality of control rod inner tubes all extend to inside the sphere type container, the control rod body inserts in the control rod inner tube, cooling mechanism links to each other and carries out the heat transfer with liquid fuel with the sphere type container inner tube.

Further, the plurality of control rod inner cylinders are all pointed to the sphere center of the spherical container.

Furthermore, included angles exist between the control rod inner cylinders and the spherical centers of the spherical containers, and the control rod inner cylinders are equal in length.

Furthermore, the cooling mechanism comprises a cooling pipeline, a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet, the cooling pipeline penetrates through the center of the spherical container and extends out of a plurality of cooling channels along the circumferential direction, the plurality of cooling channels are communicated with one another, two ends of the cooling pipeline are respectively connected with the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet, and the plurality of control rod inner cylinders are inserted among the plurality of cooling channels.

Furthermore, the cooling mechanism is a heat pipe, the interior of the heat pipe is inserted into the interior of the spherical container, the exterior of the heat pipe is positioned outside the spherical container, and the transmission and heat exchange of fluid in the heat pipe are carried out through capillary action or phase change.

Furthermore, the reactor core also comprises one or more muddy devices, the rotating end of each muddy device is arranged in the spherical container, and the input end of each muddy device is connected with the motor.

Furthermore, a material changing pipeline is arranged on the spherical container, and a material changing inlet and a material changing outlet of the material changing pipeline are respectively arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the spherical container.

Further, the liquid fuel is a liquid metal or a molten salt.

Further, the liquid metal fuel or molten salt contains uranium or plutonium.

Furthermore, a pressure stabilizer is arranged on the surface of the spherical container.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention solves the problems that the geometric shape of the core of the existing fission nuclear reactor is not fully matched with the isotropic neutron distribution, and the space is not fully utilized. The invention can be applied to a plurality of application fields such as nuclear reactors for aircrafts, nuclear reactors for aerospace and the like, and can also be popularized in a plurality of application fields such as deep sea nuclear reactors and the like, and spherical symmetry is fully utilized, so that the reactor core is more uniform in neutron distribution, temperature distribution and the like. Meanwhile, as a nuclear reactor used in a space gravity-free environment, liquid fuel in the space is gathered at a central position in a spherical form due to the action of surface tension, and generated gaseous fission products surround the nuclear fuel. The liquid fuel can be used for timely updating and online replacing the nuclear fuel, and the operation of the reactor is not influenced. Meanwhile, the liquid fuel can prevent the occurrence of reactor core melting accidents and has good accident fault tolerance.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a top view of a core of a spherical fission nuclear reactor according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a side view of a core of a spherical fission nuclear reactor according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of a spherical cyclone fission nuclear reactor core according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a side view of a spherical cyclone fission nuclear reactor core according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of a spherical static transfer hot tube fission nuclear reactor core of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a side view of a spherical static transfer hot tube fission nuclear reactor core of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic top view of a nuclear reactor core of a fission nuclear reactor having a spherical stir zone according to the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a side view configuration of a nuclear reactor core of a fission nuclear reactor having a spherical stir zone according to the present invention.

1-outside of a spherical container, 2-inside of the spherical container, 3-fuel, 4-control rod inner barrel, 5-control rod body, 6-outside of a control rod, 7-cooling pipeline, 8-refueling pipeline, 9-refueling inlet, 10-refueling outlet, 11-coolant inlet, 12-coolant outlet, 13-heat pipe, 14-motor, 15-muddy device.

Detailed Description

The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely explained below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1 to 8 for explaining the present embodiment, a core of a spherical fission nuclear reactor comprises a spherical container, liquid fuel 3, a control rod 5 and a cooling mechanism, wherein the liquid fuel 3 is filled in the spherical container, a plurality of regularly arranged circular holes are formed in the surface of the spherical container, each circular hole is connected with a control rod inner barrel 4, the control rod inner barrels 4 extend into the spherical container, the control rod 5 is inserted into the control rod inner barrels 4, and the cooling mechanism is connected with the inside of the spherical container and exchanges heat with the liquid fuel 3.

The reactor core structure of the embodiment is integrally in a spherical shape, and the liquid fuel 3 is filled in the spherical container, collects fissile materials with enough volume and mass and then is fissile to generate heat. The surface of the spherical container is provided with a plurality of regularly arranged round holes which correspond to the control rod inner barrel 4 extending towards the interior of the spherical container. The control rod body 5 can be inserted into the control rod inner barrel from the outside through a round hole on the surface of the spherical container, so that the control of the reactor reactivity is realized. The insertion and extraction of the control rod body 5 are not contacted with the nuclear fuel 3, and the nuclear fuel 3 is not influenced.

In this embodiment, a basic sphere-type fission nuclear reactor core, as shown in fig. 1-2, a plurality of control rod inner cylinders 4 are all directed to the sphere center of a sphere-type vessel, and control rod rods 5 are directed to the sphere center of the sphere-type vessel in a centripetal manner, in this case, a cooling mechanism includes a cooling pipe 7, a coolant inlet 11, and a coolant outlet 12, the cooling pipe 7 penetrates through the center of the sphere-type vessel and extends in a circumferential direction to form a plurality of cooling channels, the plurality of cooling channels are communicated with each other, both ends of the cooling pipe 7 are respectively connected to the coolant inlet 11 and the coolant outlet 12, and the plurality of control rod inner cylinders 4 are inserted between the plurality of cooling channels, in such an arrangement, although all the control rod bodies 5 are arranged in a centripetal manner, only the horizontally arranged control rod bodies 5 have the longest length due to the presence of the cooling pipe 7 in the center along the longitudinal axis direction, and the control rod bodies 5 at other angles have different lengths, the value of the control rod body 5 and thus the control capability of the reactivity differ. The coolant enters the core from the upper part or the lower part of the cooling pipeline and flows out from the other corresponding direction. The reactor core mainly passes through the central part of the core, and part of the pipeline passes by the side. Therefore, the central part of the core, namely the part with the highest temperature in the core generally can be cooled to the maximum, and liquid or gas is used as a coolant to participate in dynamic energy conversion processes such as Rankine cycle, Brayton cycle, Stirling cycle and the like.

In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 to 4, an included angle exists between a plurality of control rod inner cylinders 4 and a sphere center of a sphere-shaped container, and lengths of the plurality of control rod inner cylinders 4 are equal, at this time, a cooling mechanism includes a cooling pipe 7, a coolant inlet 11 and a coolant outlet 12, the cooling pipe 7 penetrates through a center of the sphere-shaped container and extends out a plurality of cooling channels along a circumferential direction, the plurality of cooling channels are communicated with each other, two ends of the cooling pipe 7 are respectively connected with the coolant inlet 11 and the coolant outlet 12, the plurality of control rod inner cylinders 4 are inserted between the plurality of cooling channels, such an arrangement mode enables the control rod bodies 5 not to be centripetal but staggered by a certain angle, and the control rod bodies 5 are inserted between the cooling pipes 7, which can ensure that all the control rod bodies 5 have the same length, so that values of the control rod bodies 5 are as consistent as possible, further, the operation mode of the reactor and the control mode of the control rod are simpler. The coolant enters the core from the upper part or the lower part of the cooling pipeline and flows out from the other corresponding direction. The reactor core mainly passes through the central part of the core, and part of the pipeline passes by the side. Therefore, the central part of the core, namely the part with the highest temperature in the core generally can be cooled to the maximum, and liquid or gas is used as a coolant to participate in dynamic energy conversion processes such as Rankine cycle, Brayton cycle, Stirling cycle and the like.

In the present embodiment, the core of the spherical static conversion heat pipe type fission nuclear reactor is shown in fig. 5 to 6, in the above embodiment, the heat pipe 13 can also be used as a cooling mechanism to participate in the static energy conversion, the cooling pipe 7 in the core is eliminated, the heat pipe 13 inserted on the surface of the spherical container is used for heat exchange, the inside of the heat pipe 13 is inserted into the spherical container, the outside of the heat pipe 13 is located outside the spherical container, and the fluid in the heat pipe 13 is transported and exchanged heat through capillary action or phase change.

The reactor core of the fission nuclear reactor with the spherical stirring device in the embodiment is further provided with the stirring devices 15, as shown in fig. 7-8, the number of the stirring devices 15 is one or more, the rotating end of each stirring device 15 is arranged inside the spherical container, the input end of each stirring device 15 is connected with the motor 14, the stirring devices 15 are symmetrically arranged and rotate in opposite directions, the stirring devices 15 are additionally arranged, so that the nuclear fuel 3 can be subjected to forced convection under the action of no gravity to exchange heat, the stirring devices arranged according to actual requirements can adopt propellers as a realization mode and also adopt other modes of causing the nuclear fuel to flow in a convection mode, and the stirring devices 15 arranged according to actual requirements can set the rotating directions so as to avoid adding extra angular momentum to the system.

In the above embodiment, the spherical vessel is provided with the refueling pipeline 8, and the refueling inlet 9 and the refueling outlet 10 of the refueling pipeline 8 are respectively arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the spherical vessel, so that the liquid fuel 3 in the reactor core needs to be replaced and updated along with the increase of the fuel consumption and the consumption of the nuclear fuel 3. Meanwhile, the refueling inlet 9 and the refueling outlet 10 of the refueling pipeline 8 can also be used as pipelines for discharging in the core in an emergency. The liquid fuel 3 is liquid metal or molten salt, and the liquid fuel can be liquid metal fuel containing uranium, plutonium and other fissile nuclides with high heat conductivity, or other liquid fuels such as molten salt containing uranium, plutonium and other fissile nuclides when forced heat exchange is performed. According to different nuclear fuels, a pressure stabilizer is arranged on the surface of the spherical container to contain the gas released by the liquid fuel 3 in the fission process to bring about the increase of the internal pressure of the spherical container.

The core of the spherical fission nuclear reactor provided by the invention is described in detail, and the principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying specific examples, and the description of the examples is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.