阅读说明：本技术 一种基于微通道板的同位素电池及其制备方法 (Isotope battery based on microchannel plate and preparation method thereof ) 是由 李其然 陈嘉鑫 韩军 焦国华 陈良培 于 2020-12-10 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种基于微通道板的同位素电池及其制备方法,其中同位素电池包括封装结构、电池阳极、电池阴极、导电层、微通道板、压电陶瓷和放射源；压电陶瓷在受到使其形变的恒定压力的情况下置于封装结构中,封装结构内部从外到内分别是压电陶瓷、导电层、微通道板和放射源；电池阳极与导电层相连并伸出封装结构,电池阴极与微通道板相连并伸出封装结构。微通道板工作所需电压由封装结构内的压电陶瓷提供,不需要外接电压；体积小、功率大、结构简单；射线源半衰期长,电池使用寿命长且输出稳定。(The invention provides an isotope battery based on a microchannel plate and a preparation method thereof, wherein the isotope battery comprises a packaging structure, a battery anode, a battery cathode, a conducting layer, the microchannel plate, piezoelectric ceramics and a radioactive source; the piezoelectric ceramic is placed in a packaging structure under the condition of constant pressure for deforming the piezoelectric ceramic, and the inside of the packaging structure is provided with the piezoelectric ceramic, a conducting layer, a microchannel plate and a radioactive source from outside to inside; the battery anode is connected with the conductive layer and extends out of the packaging structure, and the battery cathode is connected with the microchannel plate and extends out of the packaging structure. The voltage required by the operation of the microchannel plate is provided by the piezoelectric ceramic in the packaging structure, and external voltage is not required; the volume is small, the power is large, and the structure is simple; the half-life of the ray source is long, the service life of the battery is long, and the output is stable.)

1. An isotope battery based on a microchannel plate comprises a packaging structure, an electrode and a radioactive source, and is characterized by also comprising a conducting layer, the microchannel plate and piezoelectric ceramics;

the piezoelectric ceramic is placed in the packaging structure under the condition of constant pressure for deforming the piezoelectric ceramic, and the piezoelectric ceramic, the conducting layer, the microchannel plate and the radioactive source are arranged inside the packaging structure from outside to inside respectively;

the electrodes are divided into a battery cathode and a battery anode, the battery anode is connected with the conductive layer and extends out of the packaging structure, and the battery cathode is connected with the microchannel plate and extends out of the packaging structure.

2. The microchannel plate-based isotope battery of claim 1, wherein the microchannel plates are disposed on both sides of the radiation source, two or three of the microchannel plates on both sides of the radiation source, the microchannel plates comprising a plurality of microchannels disposed in parallel, the microchannels in the two microchannel plates corresponding one to one.

3. The microchannel plate based isotope battery of claim 2, wherein adjacent two of the microchannel plates have opposite angling therebetween.

4. The microchannel plate based isotope battery of claim 2, wherein the battery cathode is coupled to a face of the microchannel plate adjacent the radioactive source facing the radioactive source and extends out of the containment structure.

5. The microchannel plate based isotope battery of any of claims 3, wherein the off angle is in a range of values from 5 ° to 15 °.

6. The microchannel plate based isotope battery of claim 1, wherein the conductive layer is any one of a conductive paste, a conductive tape, or a metal-coated layer.

7. The microchannel plate-based isotope battery of any of claims 1-6, wherein the radioactive source is 210Po or 241 Am.

8. A preparation method of an isotope battery based on a microchannel plate is characterized by comprising the following steps:

constructing a structure which sequentially comprises piezoelectric ceramics, a conductive layer, a microchannel plate and a radioactive source from outside to inside; a battery cathode extends out of one surface of the microchannel plate close to the radioactive source and faces the outside of the isotope battery; the conductive layer extends out of the isotope battery to form a battery anode; and the number of the first and second groups,

placing the piezoelectric ceramic in a packaging structure under constant pressure to deform the piezoelectric ceramic, and extending the electrode cathode and the battery anode out of the packaging structure.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the microchannel plates are disposed on opposite sides of the radiation source, and wherein the number of microchannel plates on opposite sides of the radiation source is two or three.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein adjacent microchannel plates have an opposite bias angle therebetween.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of micro energy, particularly relates to an isotope battery and a preparation method thereof, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an isotope battery with high power and long service life.

Background

Along with the continuous exploration of science and technology by human beings, more and more electronic products enrich the daily life of people and bring convenience to the life of people. However, these various electronic products have a common disadvantage that they need to be recharged after a period of use, which is inconvenient.

The prior art provides isotope batteries which are manufactured by converting the thermal energy of the radiation emitted by the isotope during the decay process into electrical energy. The energy and speed released by the isotope battery during decay are not influenced by the temperature, chemical reaction, pressure, electromagnetic field and the like in the external environment, and the isotope battery has light weight and long service life. The current main isotope battery forms comprise a thermoelectric generation type and a PN junction type.

Electromagnetic radiation is the most basic form of energy transfer in space, and objects can emit electromagnetic radiation to the outside only when the object is above absolute zero degrees. The intensity of electromagnetic radiation of the objects is different at different temperatures, and the temperature difference refers to the difference of the intensity of the electromagnetic radiation of two objects at different temperatures when the two objects are in contact, namely the difference of the intensity of the electromagnetic field exists between the objects, and the potential difference exists between the two objects. When an object with different temperatures is connected with a wire, current can be generated. The heat source of the radioactive isotope thermoelectric generator is radioactive isotopes, which continuously emit much more energy than general substances in the form of rays with heat energy during the decay process. The radioisotope used in the radioisotope thermoelectric generator mainly comprises Sr-90, and has a half-life of 28 years; pu-238, half life 89.6 years; po-210, half-life 138.4 days long half-life isotope. The radioisotope thermoelectric generator is made into a cylindrical battery, fuel is placed in the center of the battery, the periphery of the battery is covered with a thermoelectric element, and the radioisotope emits high-energy alpha rays, and the heat is converted into current in the thermoelectric element. However, in order to ensure the power generation efficiency, the conventional thermoelectric power generation battery has a large volume and cannot meet the application scene of the battery needing to be miniaturized, so that the development of the thermoelectric power generation battery is limited.

The PN junction is the most important component of the PN junction type isotope microbattery energy conversion structure and is a core component for generating current, and the performance of the PN junction can greatly influence the performance of the energy conversion structure. There are many methods for forming PN junctions, but diffusion and ion implantation methods are often used. Both methods incorporate impurities into the semiconductor from the surface, such as boron into an N-type semiconductor to form a P-type region, or phosphorous into a P-type semiconductor to form an N-type region, thus forming a PN junction at the interface of the two regions and a built-in electric field. The radioactive isotope is used as an energy source, high-energy particles are released in the decay process, electron hole pairs excited by the high-energy particles are separated under the action of the built-in electric field, and finally, the electron hole pairs are led out from the metal electrode to form current. However, the PN junction type isotope battery has low output power, is difficult to meet the requirements of most scenes, and has high precision required by the PN junction preparation process and complex preparation.

In view of the foregoing, prior art isotope battery cells have certain limitations in practical applications, and improvements in the prior art are needed.

Disclosure of Invention

Isotope batteries in the prior art, such as a thermoelectric generation type isotope battery, have large volume and cannot meet the application scene of a miniaturized battery; the PN junction type isotope battery has low output power, is difficult to meet the requirements of most scenes, has high precision required by the PN junction preparation process, and has more complex preparation process. In view of the above, the present invention provides a microchannel plate-based isotope battery and a method for manufacturing the same to solve at least one of the aforementioned problems.

An isotope battery based on a microchannel plate comprises a packaging structure, an electrode, a conducting layer, the microchannel plate, piezoelectric ceramics and a radioactive source;

the piezoelectric ceramic is placed in the packaging structure under the condition of constant pressure for deforming the piezoelectric ceramic, and the piezoelectric ceramic, the conducting layer, the microchannel plate and the radioactive source are arranged inside the packaging structure from outside to inside respectively;

the electrode comprises a battery anode and a battery cathode, the battery anode is connected with the conductive layer and extends out of the packaging structure, and the battery cathode is connected with the microchannel plate and extends out of the packaging structure.

Furthermore, the microchannel plates are arranged on two sides of the radioactive source, the number of the microchannel plates on two sides of the radioactive source is two or three respectively, high gain of the isotope battery is ensured, the microchannel plates comprise a plurality of microchannels which are arranged in parallel, and the microchannels in the two microchannel plates correspond to one another one by one, so that multiplied electrons generated by bombardment can pass through.

Furthermore, the two adjacent microchannel plates have opposite deflection angles, so that high-energy particles are bombarded onto the inner wall of the microchannel 41 with higher probability, and positive ions generated by ion feedback in the second-stage microchannel plate are difficult to enter the first-stage microchannel plate, thereby effectively weakening the ion feedback.

Further, the battery cathode is connected to a side of the microchannel plate adjacent to the radiation source facing the radiation source and extends out of the encapsulation structure.

Furthermore, the numerical range of the deflection angle is 5 degrees to 15 degrees, the micro-channel with too small deflection angle is not excited by enough secondary electrons, and positive ions generated by ion feedback in the second-stage micro-channel plate easily enter the first-stage micro-channel plate to enhance the ion feedback; when the deflection angle is too large, high-energy particles frequently bombard the inner wall of the micro-channel to excite a large amount of secondary electrons, so that the gain is too high, the built-in electric field of the electron beam and the accelerating electric field generated by the piezoelectric ceramic are charged, and the power of the battery is reduced.

Further, the conductive layer is any one of a conductive paste, a conductive tape or a metal coating layer.

Further, the radioactive source is 210Po or 241Am, is easy to protect, and prevents the radioactive source from being ingested into the body to cause internal irradiation.

A preparation method of an isotope battery based on a microchannel plate comprises the following steps:

constructing a structure which sequentially comprises piezoelectric ceramics, a conductive layer, a microchannel plate and a radioactive source from outside to inside; a battery cathode extends out of one surface of the microchannel plate close to the radioactive source and faces the outside of the isotope battery; the conductive layer extends out of the isotope battery to form a battery anode; and the number of the first and second groups,

placing the piezoelectric ceramic in a packaging structure under constant pressure to deform the piezoelectric ceramic, and extending the electrode cathode and the battery anode out of the packaging structure.

Furthermore, the microchannel plates are arranged on two sides of the radioactive source, and the number of the microchannel plates on two sides of the radioactive source is two or three respectively, so that the isotope battery is ensured to have high gain.

Furthermore, the two adjacent microchannel plates have opposite deflection angles, so that high-energy particles are bombarded onto the inner wall of the microchannel 41 with higher probability, and positive ions generated by ion feedback in the second-stage microchannel plate are difficult to enter the first-stage microchannel plate, thereby effectively weakening the ion feedback.

The invention has at least the following beneficial effects: the voltage required by the operation of the microchannel plate is provided by the piezoelectric ceramic in the packaging structure, and external voltage is not required; the volume is small, the power is large, and the structure is simple; the half-life of the ray source is long, the service life of the battery is long, and the output is stable.

Drawings

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cell structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an arrangement of microchannel plates according to an embodiment of the invention.

In the figure: 1-packaging structure, 2-piezoelectric ceramic, 3-conducting layer, 4-microchannel plate, 41-microchannel, 5-radioactive source, 6-cathode, 7-anode, 8-high energy particle and 9-multiplied electron.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

The invention provides an isotope battery based on a microchannel plate, which is shown in fig. 1 and is a schematic structural diagram of the battery in the embodiment, and comprises a packaging structure 1, a piezoelectric ceramic 2, a conductive layer 3, a microchannel plate 4 and a radioactive source 5, wherein the piezoelectric ceramic 2, the conductive layer 3, the microchannel plate 4 and the radioactive source are tightly combined together through the packaging structure 1. Inside the battery packaging structure 1, there are piezoelectric ceramic 2, microchannel plate 4, conductive layer 3, and radioactive source 5, respectively, from the outside to the inside. The conducting layer 3 leads out two pins, namely a battery anode 7, to the outside of the packaging structure 1 respectively. Two pins, namely a battery cathode 6, are respectively led out from one side of the microchannel plate 4 close to the radioactive source 4 to the outside of the packaging structure 1.

Specifically, the piezoelectric ceramic 2 is an electronic ceramic material with piezoelectric properties, and when the package structure 1 applies physical pressure to the piezoelectric ceramic 2 inside to deform the piezoelectric ceramic, a polarization phenomenon is generated inside the piezoelectric ceramic 2, and a discharge phenomenon occurs at two ends of the piezoelectric ceramic 2. The phenomenon of converting the mechanical effect into the electrical effect belongs to the positive piezoelectric effect.

The microchannel plate 4 is a sheet structure formed by two-dimensionally arranging a large number of hollow microchannels 41 arranged in parallel, and the inner walls of the microchannels 41 are treated, so that energetic particles 8 released by radioactive isotopes in the radioactive source 5 in the decay process bombard the microchannels 41 to generate secondary electrons. In this embodiment, the radiation source 5 is 210Po or 241Am, which is easy to protect, and prevents the radiation source 5 from being absorbed into the body to cause internal irradiation. The voltage provided by the piezoelectric ceramic 2 is added to the two ends of the microchannel plate 4, an electric field is formed inside the microchannel 41, and secondary electrons generated by bombardment of the high-energy particles 8 are accelerated by the electric field and bombarded inside the microchannel 41 again to generate more secondary electrons. The above process is repeated in the same microchannel 41 for a plurality of times, and finally a large number of multiplied electrons 9 are output, so that the microchannel plate 4 obtains a large gain, and further the isotope battery of the embodiment generates a large current and a high power.

Although the microchannel plate 4 works in vacuum, gas molecule residues inevitably exist, when the multiplied electrons 9 output by the microchannel plate 4 collide with the residual gas molecules, positive ions are generated, and the positive ions and the multiplied electrons move in a reverse direction in an electric field to bombard the inner wall of the microchannel 41 again to generate electrons, and the process is called ion feedback. The gain of the microchannel plate 4 is mainly related to the aspect ratio and the voltage. The voltage is particularly the voltage applied by the piezoelectric ceramic 2 to two ends of the microchannel plate 4. Aspect ratioReferring to the length to diameter ratio of the microchannel 41, the greater the aspect ratio, the greater the gain that can be provided by the microchannel plate 4. For a monolithic microchannel plate 4, when the gain is greater than 10⁴In practice, the aspect ratio of the microchannel 41 is controlled, but this limits the gain of the microchannel plate 4, and thus limits the power of the isotope battery of this embodiment.

In practical application, to ensure that the isotope battery has high gain and does not generate strong ion feedback, as shown in fig. 2, preferably, two microchannel plates 4 need to be arranged, and are divided into a first-stage microchannel plate and a second-stage microchannel plate according to the sequence of the high-energy particles 8 entering the microchannels 41, the microchannels 41 in the two microchannel plates 4 correspond to each other one by one, and the microchannels 41 have a certain deflection angle, so that the high-energy particles have a higher probability of bombarding the inner walls of the microchannels 41, and positive ions generated by the ion feedback in the second-stage microchannel plate are difficult to enter the first-stage microchannel plate, thereby effectively weakening the ion feedback and improving the signal-to-noise ratio. Wherein the off-angle refers to the angle between the microchannel 41 and the normal to the surface of the microchannel plate 4. The deflection angle of the microchannel plate 4 is generally 5 degrees to 15 degrees, the microchannel 41 with too small deflection angle is not excited by enough secondary electrons, and positive ions generated by ion feedback in the second-stage microchannel plate easily enter the first-stage microchannel plate to enhance the ion feedback; when the deflection angle is too large, high-energy particles frequently bombard the inner wall of the micro-channel 41 to excite a large amount of secondary electrons, so that the gain is too high, the built-in electric field of the electron beam and the accelerating electric field generated by the piezoelectric ceramic 2 are charged, and the power of the battery is reduced.

The piezoelectric ceramic 2 is placed in the package structure under a constant pressure, and due to the positive voltage effect, an electric field necessary for operation is generated inside the microchannel plate 4. Under the condition that the two microchannel plates 4 are superposed, the gain of the microchannel plate 4 can reach 10⁶Under the condition of 1Ci radioactivity, the battery can generate current of up to 6mA and power of 1W, which is enough to meet most practical application scenes.

In addition, the invention also provides another microchannel plate setting method, namely, three microchannel plates are adopted, and the specific setting method is as described in the embodiment.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the isotope battery based on the microchannel plate, which comprises the following steps:

constructing a structure which sequentially comprises a piezoelectric ceramic 2, a conducting layer 3, a microchannel plate 4 and a radioactive source 5 from outside to inside; wherein, a battery cathode 6 extends from one surface of the microchannel plate 4 close to the radioactive source 5 to the outside of the isotope battery; the conducting layer 3 extends to the outside of the isotope battery to form a battery anode 7; and the number of the first and second groups,

the piezoelectric ceramic 2 is placed in the package structure 1 under a constant pressure that deforms it, with the electrode cathode 6 and the cell anode 7 extending out of the package structure 1.

Therefore, the invention provides an isotope battery based on a microchannel plate and a preparation method thereof, wherein the voltage required by the operation of the microchannel plate is provided by piezoelectric ceramics in a packaging structure without external voltage; the volume is small, the power is large, the structure is simple, and the service life of the battery can be prolonged by increasing the volume; the half-life of the ray source is long, the service life of the battery is long, and the output is stable.

The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention, as any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.