阅读说明：本技术 铝电解阳极导电装置及制备方法 (Aluminum electrolysis anode conductive device and preparation method ) 是由 师建军 于 2021-11-17 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种铝电解中使用的导电阳极装置,本发明的装置中设置有两个相互分离的下导杆,两个下导杆间的距离等于或稍大于上导杆的截面长度,下导杆的下端面以上各设有一段外螺纹,下导杆的外螺纹段与带有内螺纹的钢套连接,将下导杆的下端面与钢爪横梁上表面间用摩擦焊方式焊合,再将钢爪横梁与过渡钢套焊接结合,将然后将过渡钢套与车有内螺纹的钢套焊接结合,上导杆插于两个下导杆之间并通过焊接将上导杆分别与两个下导杆相互联接。本发明优点是可以大大增加导电面积而不受结构的影响,降低了电解作业时的电损,大大方便了上导杆与下导杆间的焊接作业,并可以避免导杆在作业中因受热蠕变造成的问题。(The invention discloses a conductive anode device used in aluminum electrolysis, which is provided with two lower guide rods separated from each other, wherein the distance between the two lower guide rods is equal to or slightly larger than the section length of an upper guide rod, the lower end surfaces of the lower guide rods are respectively provided with an external thread, the external thread sections of the lower guide rods are connected with a steel sleeve with an internal thread, the lower end surfaces of the lower guide rods and the upper surface of a steel claw beam are welded together in a friction welding mode, the steel claw beam is welded and combined with a transition steel sleeve, the transition steel sleeve is welded and combined with the steel sleeve with the internal thread, and the upper guide rod is inserted between the two lower guide rods and is respectively connected with the two lower guide rods through welding. The invention has the advantages that the conductive area can be greatly increased without being influenced by the structure, the electric loss in the electrolytic operation is reduced, the welding operation between the upper guide rod and the lower guide rod is greatly facilitated, and the problem caused by heated creep of the guide rod in the operation can be avoided.)

1. An aluminum electrolysis anode conducting device comprising: the aluminum guide rod consists of an upper guide rod and a lower guide rod, the section of the upper guide rod is at least provided with two parallel edges, the section of the lower guide rod is round, the lower end surface of the lower guide rod is provided with an external thread, the external thread section of the lower guide rod is in threaded connection with a steel sleeve with an internal thread, the length of the external thread section of the lower guide rod is slightly greater than that of the steel sleeve connected with the lower guide rod, a gap capable of accommodating an aluminum material escaping part after friction welding is reserved between the lower end surface of the steel sleeve after the steel sleeve is screwed and the lower end surface of the connected lower guide rod, the lower end surface of the lower guide rod and the upper surface of a steel claw beam are welded together in a friction welding mode, an excessive steel sleeve is sleeved outside the steel sleeve, the upper surface and the lower surface of the excessive steel sleeve are respectively welded and combined with the outer wall of the steel sleeve and the steel claw beam, and the aluminum guide rod is characterized in that the lower guide rod is two lower guide rods are separately arranged, and the distance between the two lower guide rods is equal to or greater than the distance between the two parallel edges of the upper guide rod, the upper guide rod is positioned between the two lower guide rods, two parallel edges of the upper guide rod are respectively tangent to the two lower guide rods, and the upper guide rod is respectively connected with the two lower guide rods through welding.

2. The aluminum electrolysis anode conducting device according to claim 1, wherein the cross section of the upper guide rod is a closed figure formed by two parallel sides and two arcs.

3. The aluminum electrolysis anode conducting device according to claim 1, wherein the cross section of the upper guide rod is rectangular.

4. The method for preparing an aluminum electrolysis anode conductive device as recited in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein a steel sleeve is screwed to the threaded portion of the lower guide rod, the lower guide rod is welded to the upper surface of the anode steel claw beam by friction welding, a transition steel sleeve is sleeved outside the copper sleeve, the outer wall of the steel sleeve is welded to the corresponding portion of the upper surface of the steel claw beam, the transition steel sleeve is welded to the steel sleeve and the steel claw beam, respectively, the upper guide rod is inserted between the two lower guide rods, and the two parallel surfaces of the upper guide rod are welded to the portions of the upper surface of the steel claw beam that are tangent to the two lower guide rods.

5. The method for preparing an aluminum electrolysis anode conducting device according to claim 4, wherein patterns are formed on the upper surface of the steel claw beam at positions to be welded with the lower guide rod.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a conductive anode device used in aluminum electrolysis and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The anode conducting device used in the electrolytic aluminium industry at present consists of an upper aluminium guide rod and an anode steel claw with a steel lower part, wherein the steel and the aluminium cannot be directly welded and are connected through an explosive welding block. The explosion welding block is made up by welding two different materials of steel and aluminium together by using explosion welding technique, when the anode conducting device is made up, the aluminium portion of explosion welding block is welded with upper aluminium guide rod portion of anode conducting device by means of argon arc welding, and the steel portion of explosion welding block is welded with lower anode steel claw beam flat steel of anode conducting device by means of gas shielded welding, and its connection mode is the content disclosed in attached figure 1 of Chinese patent application 2010100007746, and has no reinforcing device structure. The existing anode conducting device forms aluminum-aluminum welding, aluminum-steel explosion welding and steel-steel welding between the bottom of an aluminum guide rod and the top of an anode steel claw beam flat steel. In the prior art, except that the aluminum-steel explosion welding is full-section welding, the aluminum-aluminum welding and the steel-steel welding can only realize groove girth welding under the prior art. The cold state pressure drop test data of the bottom of the anode steel claw aluminum guide rod and the top of the steel claw beam which are manufactured by connecting explosion welding blocks in the prior art are as follows: the load current is 99.8A, the cold state voltage drop is 0.3Mv, the cold state resistance is 3.5u ohm, the voltage drop belongs to the reactive voltage in the production of the electrolytic aluminum, and the current efficiency is reduced.

On the other hand, in the aluminum electrolysis production process, the steel-aluminum joint of the explosion welding block bears the gravity load in the electrolysis operation and simultaneously conducts the large current in the electrolysis, but the shearing force is generated at the joint due to the difference of the expansion coefficients of the steel and the aluminum, so that the aluminum-steel welding surface is locally cracked, the stress and the conductive area are gradually reduced, the resistance and the voltage drop at the aluminum-steel welding surface are greatly increased, and the temperature rise at the corresponding position is improved. When the cracking failure area reaches the corresponding proportion, the aluminum-steel welding surface is broken under the weight action of the carbon block and the steel claw, or the aluminum-steel welding surface is burnt due to the heating caused by overlarge resistance, so that the failure is caused.

One of the failure modes of the existing anode conducting device is as follows: the steel-aluminum welding surface of the explosive welding block is cracked. Research and analysis show that the expansion coefficient of the aluminum is more than twice that of the steel due to the difference between the expansion coefficients of the steel and the aluminum. During normal electrolysis operation, the working temperature of the explosion welding block is about 300 ℃, aluminum and steel respectively generate different linear expansions at the temperature, but due to the existence of an aluminum-steel welding surface, the expansion of the aluminum is limited by the steel part of the explosion welding block, meanwhile, a shearing force is generated on the aluminum-steel welding surface, the combination of the shearing force and the action of the gravity of the device tears the structure, so that the aluminum-steel welding surface is locally cracked and fails, the conductive area and the capability of bearing the gravity load are reduced, and simultaneously, the resistance and the pressure drop at the aluminum-steel welding surface are increased, and the temperature rise is intensified. When the cracking failure area reaches a certain proportion, the aluminum-steel welding surface is broken under the weight action of the carbon block and the steel claw, or the aluminum-steel welding surface is directly burnt due to heating because of overlarge resistance. The steel-aluminum joint formed by explosive welding or friction welding in the prior art is subjected to the dual actions of electric conduction and bearing the gravity load of the anode steel claw and the carbon block due to the specific structure, so that the local cracking failure of the aluminum-steel welding surface is enlarged, and the service life of the explosive welding block is shortened.

In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the inventor of the present invention discloses a technical scheme in CN201811438016.5, in which an aluminum guide rod is composed of an upper guide rod and a lower guide rod, the upper guide rod and the lower guide rod are combined by welding, a section of external thread is arranged above the lower end surface of the lower guide rod and is connected with a steel sleeve with an internal thread, the lower end surface of the lower guide rod is welded with the upper surface of a steel claw beam by friction welding, the aluminum lower guide rod is combined with an anode steel claw by full-section friction welding to realize low-resistance conduction, and simultaneously, the lower guide rod is combined with the steel claw beam and the steel sleeve are welded together to bear the gravity load of a conduction device. However, in tests, the device is limited by the structure, the size of the lower guide rod and the external steel sleeve cannot be too large, the problem of insufficient conductive area still exists in some cases, and the contact area between the lower guide rod and the heated steel claw beam is insufficient, so that the lower guide rod is elongated due to creep deformation generated when being heated when the contact area between the lower guide rod and the steel claw beam is insufficient, the normal use of the device is influenced, and on the other hand, the welding of the section between the upper guide rod and the lower guide rod is extremely difficult in process, and the welding effect is difficult to ensure.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides an aluminum electrolysis anode conductive device and a preparation method thereof, which can overcome the defects of the prior art.

The aluminum electrolysis anode conducting device comprises: the method comprises the following steps: the aluminum guide rod consists of an upper guide rod and a lower guide rod, the section of the upper guide rod is at least provided with two parallel edges, the section of the lower guide rod is round, the lower end surface of the lower guide rod is provided with an external thread, the external thread section of the lower guide rod is in threaded connection with a steel sleeve with an internal thread, the length of the external thread section of the lower guide rod is slightly greater than that of the steel sleeve connected with the lower guide rod, a gap capable of accommodating an aluminum escape part after friction welding is reserved between the lower end surface of the steel sleeve after the steel sleeve is screwed and the lower end surface of the connected lower guide rod, the lower end surface of the lower guide rod and the upper surface of a steel claw beam are welded together in a friction welding mode, an excessive steel sleeve is arranged outside the steel sleeve, and the excessive steel sleeve is respectively welded and combined with the steel sleeve and the steel claw beam. The invention is provided with two lower guide rods which are separated from each other, the distance between the two lower guide rods is equal to or slightly larger than the distance between two parallel edges of the upper guide rod, the upper guide rod is inserted between the two lower guide rods during assembly, and the two parallel edges of the upper guide rod are respectively tangent with the two lower guide rods and are respectively connected with the two lower guide rods through welding. In the implementation of the invention, attention needs to be paid to the fact that when friction welding is carried out, part of aluminum material escapes from the gap between the lower end of the steel sleeve and the steel claw beam, and when the escaped aluminum material exceeds the lower end face of the steel sleeve, the aluminum material is removed before the welding operation between the transition steel sleeve and the steel claw beam is carried out, so that the welding between the transition steel sleeve and the steel claw beam is not influenced.

The invention adopts two lower guide rods, so that the contact area between the two lower guide rods and the steel claw beam is greatly increased without being limited by the structure, on the other hand, the gravity load born by the lower guide rods in unit area is greatly reduced due to the increase of the contact area, and the problem of creep deformation of the lower guide rods in use is solved. The upper guide rod of the invention is tangentially arranged between the two lower guide rods, and the mutual welding position is similar to groove welding and different from the section welding in the prior art, so the welding between the upper guide rod and the lower guide rod is very easy, and the field operation is more convenient. When the electrolytic operation is carried out, the gravity load is mainly borne by the steel sleeve and the transition steel sleeve and is transmitted to the lower guide rod through the threads arranged in the steel sleeve, the welding surface between the lower guide rod and the steel claw beam mainly bears the conductive function, the influence of gravity is reduced rarely during the operation, and meanwhile, the conductive area can be greatly increased due to the arrangement of the double lower guide rods, so that the electric loss during the electrolytic operation is greatly reduced.

Preferably, the cross section of the upper guide rod of the aluminum electrolysis anode conducting device is a closed figure formed by two parallel edges and two arcs, and more preferably is a rectangular cross section, so that the aluminum electrolysis anode conducting device can be directly cast by electrolyzed aluminum liquid, the cost is lower, the aluminum electrolysis anode conducting device is more suitable for places for aluminum electrolysis operation, and meanwhile, the two parallel surfaces on the upper guide rod can enable the aluminum electrolysis anode conducting device to form good electric contact with an electrolysis conducting clip, so that the electrolysis operation is guaranteed.

The preparation method of the aluminum electrolysis anode conducting device comprises the following steps: and screwing a steel sleeve on the threaded part of the lower guide rod, welding and combining the lower guide rod and the upper surface of the anode steel claw beam by friction welding, welding and combining the outer wall of the steel sleeve and the corresponding part of the upper surface of the steel claw beam, and welding and combining the two parallel surfaces of the upper guide rod and the parts at which the two lower guide rods are tangent.

The invention discloses a preparation method of an aluminum electrolysis anode conducting device with a transition steel sleeve, which comprises the following steps: and (3) screwing a steel sleeve on the threaded part of the lower guide rod, welding and combining the lower guide rod and the upper surface of the anode steel claw beam by friction welding, arranging a transition steel sleeve outside the copper sleeve, welding and combining the outer wall of the steel sleeve and the corresponding part of the upper surface of the steel claw beam, respectively welding and combining the transition steel sleeve and the steel claw beam, and mutually welding and combining two parallel surfaces of the upper guide rod and the part of the upper guide rod tangent to the two lower guide rods.

Preferably, in the method for preparing the aluminum electrolysis anode conducting device, patterns can be made on the positions of the upper surface of the steel claw beam and the lower guide rod in advance. Tests show that the pattern is made on the friction welding position of the upper surface of the steel claw beam in advance, so that the friction welding effect is better, the combination between the steel claw beam and the steel claw beam is more reliable, and the cracking caused by different thermal expansion rates between steel and aluminum is effectively overcome during the electrolytic operation.

The invention has the following advantages:

1) the aluminum electrolysis anode conductive device is connected with the external thread on the aluminum guide rod through the steel sleeve with the internal thread, and is connected with the anode steel claw through the steel sleeve and the auxiliary steel sleeve in a welding way to bear the weight of the anode steel claw, the carbon block and the anode covering material, and the steel-aluminum joint formed by friction welding only plays a role in conducting electricity; due to the adoption of the structure of the double lower guide rods, the conductive area can be greatly increased without being influenced by the structure, so that the electric loss in the electrolytic operation is greatly reduced.

2) The structure of the invention greatly facilitates the welding operation between the upper guide rod and the lower guide rod, can be directly welded by hands on the operation site without special equipment, reduces the operation cost, simultaneously can furthest ensure the electric connection between the upper guide rod and the lower guide rod, and avoids the difficulty of section welding in the prior art.

3) The structure of the invention can avoid or greatly reduce the problem caused by thermal creep of the guide rod in operation.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 2 is a top view of fig. 1, in which: 1-the welding surface between the guide rod and the steel claw beam, 2-the upper guide rod, 3-the welding position between the upper guide rod and the lower guide rod, and 4-the lower guide rod. 5-steel jacket, 6-transition steel jacket, 7-steel claw beam and 8-steel claw.

Detailed Description

The present invention is explained in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to fig. 1, the aluminum electrolysis anode conducting device of the present invention comprises: the aluminum guide rod comprises an aluminum guide rod and an anode steel claw 8 connected with the guide rod, wherein the aluminum guide rod is composed of an upper guide rod 2 and two lower guide rods 4, the section of the upper guide rod 2 is rectangular, and the section of each lower guide rod 4 is round. The distance between the two circular lower guide rods 4 is equal to or slightly larger than the rectangular length of the upper guide rod 2. The lower end surface of the lower guide rod is provided with a section of external thread, the external thread section is matched and connected with the internal thread on the steel sleeve 5, the length of the external thread section of the lower guide rod is slightly greater than that of the steel sleeve connected with the external thread section, so that a gap capable of accommodating an aluminum material escaping part after friction welding is reserved between the lower end surface of the steel sleeve and the lower end surface of the lower guide rod connected with the steel sleeve after the steel sleeve is screwed tightly. The lower end surface of the lower guide rod is welded with the upper surface of the steel claw beam in a friction welding mode, and before friction welding, patterns can be drawn out from the corresponding positions of the lower end surface of the lower guide rod 4 and the steel claw beam 7 respectively, so that the quality of the friction welding of the lower guide rod and the steel claw beam can be further ensured. After friction welding is carried out, part of aluminum material can escape from the gap between the lower end of the steel sleeve and the steel claw beam, if the amount of the escaped aluminum material is large and particularly exceeds the lower end surface of the steel sleeve, the aluminum material needs to be removed after the friction welding so as to avoid influencing the nesting between the transition steel sleeve and the steel sleeve, so that the transition steel sleeve cannot be sleeved to the bottom of the steel sleeve and the welding between the transition steel sleeve and the steel claw beam. Then, a transition steel sleeve 6 with the diameter slightly larger than the outer diameter of the steel sleeve is placed outside the steel sleeve 5, the lower end face of the transition steel sleeve 6 is in contact with the upper surface of the steel claw beam 7, and the upper face and the lower face of the transition steel sleeve are respectively welded and combined with the corresponding positions of the outer wall of the steel sleeve and the upper surface of the steel claw beam. The upper guide rod 2 is inserted between the two lower guide rods 4, and the upper guide rod and the lower guide rod are welded and combined. It can be seen from fig. 2 that a welding position similar to groove welding is formed between the lower guide rod and the upper guide rod, and the structure of the invention greatly facilitates the welding operation between the upper guide rod and the lower guide rod and can better ensure the welding quality and reliability of the upper guide rod and the lower guide rod.