Sand-dust meteorological municipal road congestion situation multi-factor early warning method

文档序号：488629 发布日期：2022-01-04 浏览：17次中文

阅读说明：本技术 沙尘气象市政道路拥堵态势多因素预警方法 (Sand-dust meteorological municipal road congestion situation multi-factor early warning method ) 是由韩佳彤施烨辉李彤任星润徐成华汤国毅蔡国庆田亚护李召波程荷兰王于 2021-12-03 设计创作，主要内容包括：沙尘气象市政道路拥堵态势多因素预警方法,属于智能物联装备设计与建造技术领域,为了考虑市区风向分布不规律、沙尘颗粒浓度分布不规律、车辆行驶视线与沙尘运动方向分布不规律的影响,以物理量监测值前处理构造统计量、生成分类样本集、监督学习为技术手段,主要步骤包括构建气象-路况监测预警系统平台、气象-路况数据关联前处理、生成分类样本集、分步训练预测模型序列、拥堵态势预测与信息发布。各物理量的量测方法可行,系统架构满足现场布设要求,计算原理及步骤明确,提高了沙尘气象市政道路拥堵态势预警方法的可解释性,实用性强,可以有效提高沙尘气象市政道路拥堵态势预警可靠性和信息发布成效。(A sand-dust meteorological municipal road congestion situation multi-factor early warning method belongs to the technical field of design and construction of intelligent internet of things equipment, and aims to consider the influences of irregular wind direction distribution, irregular sand-dust particle concentration distribution and irregular vehicle driving sight and sand-dust movement direction distribution in urban areas. The method for measuring the physical quantities is feasible, the system architecture meets the requirements of field layout, the calculation principle and the steps are clear, the interpretability of the early warning method for the congestion situation of the sand-dust meteorological municipal road is improved, the practicability is high, and the early warning reliability and the information publishing effect of the congestion situation of the sand-dust meteorological municipal road can be effectively improved.)

1. The sand-dust meteorological municipal road congestion situation multi-factor early warning method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

step one, constructing a meteorological-road condition monitoring and early warning system platform;

step two, performing correlation preprocessing on meteorological-road condition data;

step three, generating a classification sample set;

step four, training a prediction model sequence step by step;

and step five, predicting the congestion situation and issuing information.

2. The sand-dust meteorological municipal road congestion situation multi-factor early warning method according to claim 1, characterized in that the first step specifically comprises:

the meteorological-road condition monitoring and early warning system platform comprises a traffic flow monitoring terminal, a dust monitoring terminal, a wind speed sensor, a wind direction sensor, a signal transmission line, a cloud server, the Internet, a switch, a large screen system, a PC (personal computer) terminal, a mobile terminal, a municipal traffic management information release platform and a traffic signal lamp monitoring system;

the traffic flow monitoring terminal transmits data to the cloud server through a signal transmission line;

the sand and dust monitoring terminal monitors to obtain sand and dust particle concentration and grading distribution data and transmits the data to the cloud server through the signal transmission line, the sand and dust particle concentration and grading distribution data can also be manually sampled, screened and weighed, and the data is transmitted to the cloud server through the mobile terminal and the PC terminal, and the geographic coordinates of sampling points are marked on the sand and dust particle concentration and grading distribution data when the data are manually reported; the sand dust monitoring terminal or the sand dust sampling point is a sand dust particle concentration and grading distribution data direct measurement point;

the wind speed sensor and the wind direction sensor automatically acquire wind speed and wind direction information of the instrument position and transmit data to the cloud server through the signal transmission line;

the traffic flow monitoring terminal, the dust and sand monitoring terminal, the wind speed sensor and the wind direction sensor are all arranged along a municipal road network in an equidistant or non-equidistant mode, the traffic flow monitoring terminal, the dust and sand monitoring terminal, the wind speed sensor and the wind direction sensor are all used for recording the geographic coordinates of the positions, all information sampling points and the geographic coordinates of the monitoring point positions are converted into uniform geographic coordinates in a GIS system in a system platform, all the information sampling points and the monitoring point positions are marked in the GIS, and all the information sampling and the fusion of the monitoring point positions and the municipal road coordinates are realized;

the large-screen system, the PC end, the mobile end, the municipal traffic management information publishing platform and the traffic signal lamp monitoring system are sequentially connected into the cloud server through the switch and the internet.

3. The multi-factor early warning method for the congestion situation of the sand-dust meteorological municipal road as claimed in claim 2, wherein the signal transmission line comprises one or any combination of the following:

wired transmission and supported software and hardware devices;

5G and supported software and hardware equipment;

NBiot and the software and hardware devices relied upon.

4. The multi-factor early warning method for the congestion situation of the sand-dust meteorological municipal road as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first step further comprises:

for a single vehicle running in a road network, taking an included angle obtained by clockwise turning the north direction of the position of the front end of the vehicle head of the vehicle to the running direction under a vertical downward visual angle at a certain moment as a traffic flow direction angle of the running vehicle at the moment;

for a position point in a road network, projecting the position point on a driving axis according to the driving axis direction perpendicular to the lane where the position point is located to obtain a projection point of the position point on the driving axis, and taking an included angle obtained by clockwise rotating the due north direction of the position where the projection point is located to the driving axis direction of the lane at the projection point under a vertical downward visual angle as a lane direction angle of the position point;

the middle point of the lane stop line is the end point of one lane section in the driving direction;

the lane starting point is a starting point of a lane section in the driving direction;

defining a single lane between two adjacent lane endpoints along the lane passing direction as a lane section, wherein the two lane section endpoints of the single lane section along the lane passing direction are respectively a lane starting point and a lane stop line midpoint;

in a meteorological-road condition monitoring and early warning system platform, a target lane section starting point and a target lane section terminal point are respectively set on a GIS interface built in the platform in a cursor clicking mode to determine the target lane section, a lane starting point closest to the target lane section starting point is used as the target lane section starting point, a lane stop line midpoint closest to the target lane section terminal point is used as the target lane section terminal point, and no traffic light is arranged in the target lane section;

and defining all the lane sections which are connected with the same intersection and are converged into the same target lane section by straight running or steering as a lane section group in the coming direction.

5. The sand-dust meteorological municipal road congestion situation multi-factor early warning method according to claim 1, wherein the second step specifically comprises the following steps:

carrying out data fusion on the distributed environment-traffic flow data;

for each wind direction sensor, clockwise rotating the north direction of the position of the wind direction sensor to the minimum non-negative included angle obtained by measuring the wind direction under the vertical downward visual angle, and taking the minimum non-negative included angle as the wind direction angle at the measuring point of the wind direction sensor;

for each wind speed sensor, the wind speed rate measured by the position of the wind speed sensor is taken as the wind speed at the measuring point of the wind speed sensor;

for each sand and dust monitoring terminal or each sand and dust sampling point, taking the sand and dust particle concentration and grading distribution data measured at the position of the sand and dust monitoring terminal or each sand and dust sampling point as the sand and dust particle concentration and grading distribution data of the sand and dust monitoring terminal or each sand and dust sampling point;

the method comprises the steps that a traffic flow monitoring terminal is adopted to obtain road network driving data at different moments, the road network driving data comprise attribute data and statistical data, the attribute data comprise the number of vehicles, the position coordinates of the vehicles and monitoring moments, the statistical data comprise the number of vehicles in lane sections, traffic flow direction angles and driving speed, and the road network driving data are counted in a meteorological-road condition monitoring and early warning system platform;

the wind speed of a single vehicle in a road network at a certain moment is vd, the driving speed is vc, the wind direction angle is thetad, and the traffic flow direction angle is thetac;

the vehicle traveling direction is equivalent to the driver's sight line direction.

6. The sand-dust meteorological municipal road congestion situation multi-factor early warning method according to claim 5, wherein the second step specifically comprises the following steps:

for the statistical fitting model, when characteristic variables which directly reflect the negative influences of the driving sight line of a vehicle and the movement direction distribution irregularity of dust and sand and the vision persistence of human eyes on the road visibility under the visual field of a driver are not put into an input layer for analysis, the influences of the characteristic variables on an output layer cannot be reflected in the operation process, so that the model is lack of interpretability due to the fact that the variable is unreasonable in setting and lack of physical mechanism explanation;

therefore, correlation and pretreatment are carried out on meteorological-road condition data to obtain a sand-dust transverse amplification factor ka of a vehicle running in a road network and a sand-dust retention amplification factor kb of the vehicle running in the road network, ka is calculated according to a formula (1), D is a sand-dust particle size mode value, D belongs to sand-dust particle concentration and grading distribution data, delta t is an expectation of visual retention time of human eyes, and 0.2s is taken;

（1）

kb is calculated according to formula (2);

if the angle theta c-theta d is more than 90 degrees, the sand dust particles collide with the front window;

if | theta c-theta d | is less than or equal to 90 degrees and vc is less than or equal to | vd × cos (theta c-theta d) |, no collision occurs between the sand dust particles and the front window at this time, and kb = 0;

（2）

calculating the sand and dust magnification K of a single vehicle in the road network according to the formula (3);

（3）。

7. the multi-factor early warning method for the congestion situation of the sand-dust meteorological municipal road is characterized in that the wind direction at a point on a road network where a wind direction sensor is not arranged is taken, two wind direction sensors which are closest to the point where the wind direction sensor is not arranged in a three-dimensional space straight line distance are taken, and the wind direction angles of the two wind direction sensors are linearly interpolated according to the three-dimensional space straight line distance between the point where the wind direction sensor is not arranged and the two wind direction sensors, so that the wind direction angle at the point where the wind direction sensor is not arranged is obtained;

taking two wind speed sensors which are closest to the three-dimensional space straight line distance of a point of a road network where no wind speed sensor is arranged, and performing linear interpolation on the wind speeds of the two wind speed sensors according to the three-dimensional space straight line distance of the point of the wind speed sensor where no wind speed sensor is arranged and the two wind speed sensors to obtain the wind speed of the point of the wind speed sensor where no wind speed sensor is arranged;

and carrying out linear interpolation on the sand and dust particle concentrations and the grading distribution data of the two sand and dust particle concentration and grading distribution data direct-measuring points according to the three-dimensional space straight-line distance between the point where the sand and dust monitoring terminal is not arranged or the point where the sand and dust sampling point is not arranged and the two sand and dust particle concentrations and the grading distribution data direct-measuring points, so as to obtain the sand and dust particle concentrations and the grading distribution data of the point where the sand and dust monitoring terminal is not arranged or the sand and dust sampling point is not arranged.

8. The sand-dust meteorological municipal road congestion situation multi-factor early warning method according to claim 6, characterized in that the sand-dust transverse magnification factor ka represents the magnification factor of the area of a sheltering area actually visible in the visual field of a driver in the persistence time of vision relative to the area of a square area with the sand-dust particle diameter mode as the side length, of sand-dust with the sand-dust particle diameter mode as the particle diameter, and represents the statistical characteristic of the size of sand-dust particles;

the sand and dust retention magnification kb is a ratio of a sand and dust particle relative velocity component which actually moves towards the front window along the sight direction of a driver to a driving speed, is equivalent to a ratio of the number of sand and dust particles which temporarily stay on the front window under the actual condition in unit time to the number of sand and dust particles which temporarily stay on the window when the sand and dust is supposed to be relatively greatly static, and is also equivalent to a magnification of a shielding area formed by temporary stay and accumulation of the sand and dust on the window due to the blocking of the window relative to the longitudinal movement of human eyes relative to a single particle on the normal projection area of the sight vertical plane of the human eyes.

9. The multi-factor early warning method for the congestion situation of the sand-dust meteorological municipal road as claimed in claim 1, wherein the third step specifically comprises:

according to the congestion situation monitoring and early warning implementation of road congestion evaluation standards of the location, respectively constructing a classification sample set for each road section;

the monitoring time is only used for marking the information acquisition time in the step and does not participate in quantitative calculation;

the classification sample set comprises classes, basic features and derived features;

taking the congestion degree as a class, and taking the concentration and grading distribution data of dust and sand particles belonging to the same lane section, road network driving data after the vehicle number is removed, vd of each vehicle, theta d of each vehicle, ka of each vehicle, kb of each vehicle, K of each vehicle, driving speed standard deviation in the same lane section and driving speed average value in the same lane section as basic characteristics;

for basic features belonging to the same lane section, performing pairwise division and pairwise multiplication on random powers of the basic features to obtain composite nonlinear features, taking the natural logarithm operation of the basic features to obtain logarithm features, taking random numbers in [0,10] as exponentials in the random power operation, and forming derivative features by the composite nonlinear features, the logarithm features and the exponentials in the random power operation, wherein the position coordinates of the vehicle are only used for marking the lane section where the vehicle is located and do not participate in quantitative calculation;

the driving speed of each vehicle only participates in calculating kb of each vehicle, K of each vehicle, standard deviation of driving speed in the same lane section and average value of driving speed in the same lane section in the basic characteristics.

10. The multi-factor early warning method for the congestion situation of the sand-dust meteorological municipal road as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fourth step specifically comprises:

the monitoring time is only used for marking the information acquisition time in the step and does not participate in quantitative calculation;

according to existing monitoring data, taking the concentration and grading distribution data of dust and sand particles in the same lane section, road network driving data obtained after driving speed and vehicle number are removed, vd of each vehicle, theta d of each vehicle and ka of each vehicle as input layers of learning samples, taking driving speed average values in the same lane section as output layers of the learning samples, training by utilizing an artificial neural network model to obtain a driving speed average value prediction model, and using vehicle position coordinates only for marking the lane section where the vehicle is located without participating in quantitative calculation;

according to existing monitoring data, road network driving data after the number and the driving speed of a vehicle are removed, vd of each vehicle, theta d of each vehicle, ka of each vehicle, kb of each vehicle, K of each vehicle and the average value of the driving speed in the same lane section are used as input layers of learning samples, the standard deviation of the driving speed in the same lane section is used as an output layer of the learning samples, a driving speed deviation degree prediction model is obtained by training of an artificial neural network model, vehicle position coordinates are only used for marking the lane section where the vehicle is located and do not participate in quantitative calculation, and the driving speed of each vehicle only participates in calculating kb, K and the average value of the driving speed in the same lane section;

according to the classification sample set, a supervised learning method is applied to train and obtain a road network congestion situation prediction model which takes basic features and derivative features in the same lane section as input and takes congestion degree as output, and vehicle position coordinates are only used for marking the lane section where the vehicle is located and do not participate in quantitative calculation.

11. The sand-dust meteorological municipal road congestion situation multi-factor early warning method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fifth step specifically comprises:

deploying a driving speed mean value prediction model, a driving speed deviation degree prediction model and a road network congestion situation prediction model on a meteorological-road condition monitoring and early warning system platform, importing sand and dust meteorological forecast data provided by a meteorological department into the road network congestion situation prediction model, and combining the distribution of physical quantities corresponding to basic characteristics obtained by the meteorological-road condition monitoring and early warning system platform monitoring at different positions on a road network;

assuming that the wind speed and the wind direction relative to the ground from the corresponding input information acquisition time of the current prediction result to the predicted occurrence time of the current prediction result are kept unchanged;

assuming that the concentration and grading distribution data of the dust particles in the target lane section from the corresponding input information acquisition time of the prediction result to the expected occurrence time of the prediction result are kept unchanged;

assuming that all vehicles on the target lane segment at the input information acquisition time corresponding to the current prediction result leave the target lane segment at the predicted occurrence time of the current prediction result;

for the target lane segment, the total number n of all vehicles in the coming direction lane segment group at the time of acquiring the corresponding input information of the prediction result is divided into n segments, then the positions of all predicted segment points after removing the lane starting point are randomly and uniformly distributed to all vehicles in the coming direction lane segment group one by one as the predicted positions of all vehicles in the coming direction lane segment group after merging into the target lane segment, and the lane direction angle corresponding to the predicted position of all vehicles in the coming direction lane segment group after merging into the target lane segment is used as the predicted vehicle theta c of all vehicles in the coming direction lane segment group after merging into the target lane segment;

regarding the target lane segment, taking the wind speed at each predicted segment point position except the lane starting point in the target lane segment at the input information acquisition time corresponding to the current prediction result as each coming vehicle predicted vd after the vehicles on the coming direction lane segment group corresponding to each predicted segment point position converge into the target lane segment, and taking the wind direction angle at each predicted segment point position except the lane starting point in the target lane segment at the input information acquisition time corresponding to the current prediction result as each coming vehicle predicted thetad after the vehicles on the coming direction lane segment group converge into the target lane segment corresponding to each predicted segment point position;

calculating to obtain each coming vehicle predicted ka according to the formula (1) according to each coming vehicle predicted vd, each coming vehicle predicted theta d, each coming vehicle predicted theta c, the concentration of sand dust particles in the target lane section and the grading distribution data at the corresponding input information acquisition time of the prediction result;

leading the time point, n, each coming vehicle predicted vd, each coming vehicle predicted theta d, each coming vehicle predicted theta c, the sand and dust particle concentration and grading distribution data belonging to the target lane section and each coming vehicle predicted ka at the corresponding input information acquisition time of the prediction result into a driving speed average value prediction model together to obtain a driving speed average value prediction value of the coming vehicle direction of the target lane section;

taking the predicted value of the average driving speed value of the incoming direction of the target lane segment as the predicted vc of each incoming vehicle after each vehicle on the group of the lane segments of the incoming direction enters the target lane segment;

calculating each coming vehicle predicted kb and each coming vehicle predicted K according to the formulas (2) and (3) according to each coming vehicle predicted vd, each coming vehicle predicted thetad, each coming vehicle predicted thetac, each coming vehicle predicted vc, the concentration of sand dust particles in the target lane section and the grading distribution data;

for the target lane segment, introducing a driving speed deviation degree prediction model together with the time point and n of the corresponding input information acquisition time of the prediction result, the driving speed mean prediction value of the coming direction of the target lane segment, the predicted vd of each coming vehicle, the predicted thetad of each coming vehicle, the predicted thetac of each coming vehicle, the concentration and grading distribution data of sand and dust particles in the target lane segment, the predicted ka of each coming vehicle, the predicted kb of each coming vehicle and the predicted K of each coming vehicle into the driving speed deviation degree prediction model to obtain the driving speed standard deviation prediction value of the coming direction of the target lane segment;

for the target lane section, the concentration and grading distribution data of the dust particles in the target lane section are acquired, and at the time point of the input information collection time corresponding to the prediction result, n, each coming vehicle prediction vc, each coming vehicle prediction vd, each coming vehicle prediction thetad and each coming vehicle prediction thetac, and the predicted ka of each coming vehicle, the predicted kb of each coming vehicle, the predicted K of each coming vehicle, the standard deviation predicted value of the driving speed of the coming vehicle in the target lane section and the predicted value of the mean value of the driving speed of the coming vehicle in the target lane section jointly form basic characteristics, derivative characteristics corresponding to the basic characteristics are generated according to the third step, the basic characteristics and the derivative characteristics are jointly led into a road network congestion situation prediction model, the prediction result of the congestion situation of the coming vehicle in the target lane section is obtained through calculation, the input of meteorological monitoring information and road condition monitoring information is realized, and the prediction result of the congestion degree of the target lane section is output.

12. The multi-factor early warning method for the congestion situation of the sand-dust meteorological municipal road as claimed in claim 11, wherein the fifth step further comprises:

the average red light duration waiting for the coming direction lane segment group to converge into the same target lane segment is obtained according to a traffic signal lamp monitoring system in a meteorological-road condition monitoring and early warning system platform;

adding half of the arithmetic mean value of all lane lengths in the lane segment group in the future direction with half of the arithmetic mean value of the length of the target lane segment to obtain the coming distance, and dividing the coming distance by the predicted value of the average value of the driving speed in the coming direction of the target lane segment to obtain the early warning advance time of the prediction result;

adding the early warning advance time and the average red light waiting time for the coming direction lane segment group to merge into the same target lane segment at the corresponding input information acquisition time of the prediction result to obtain the predicted occurrence time of the prediction result;

and carrying out visual marking on the prediction result of the congestion degree of each road section in a system platform, automatically editing information including the name of the road section, the prediction result of the congestion degree of the road section and the predicted occurrence time of the prediction result, sending the information to a municipal traffic management information publishing platform, and broadcasting the information to the traveling vehicles in a radio broadcasting mode.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent Internet of things equipment design and construction, in particular to a multi-factor early warning method for a congestion situation of a sand-dust meteorological municipal road.

Background

A system and a method for evaluating the effect of measures for controlling road traffic dust (application publication No. CN104237093A, published as 2014-12-24) utilize a dust particle concentration monitoring device to obtain the concentration of particulate matters, and provide a control efficiency calculation formula based on the dust emission potential.

A dust monitoring system (application publication No. CN107909790A, published as 2018.04.13) based on an unmanned aerial vehicle calculates the dust concentration according to the lambert-beer law by measuring the change of the light intensity when the light is incident and after the light penetrates.

A measurement system and a measurement method (application publication number: CN103439231A, published bulletin date: 2013.12.11) for measuring the emission factors of dust particles of vehicles connect temperature, humidity, vehicle driving parameters and dust measurement sensors into a monitoring system.

The intelligent forward scattering visibility meter and the intelligent forward scattering visibility measuring method (application publication number: CN111487170A, published as 2020.08.04) respectively calculate a forward scattering value generated by precipitation particles and a forward scattering value generated by non-precipitation particles according to the fact that the linear motion of medium particles causes step change of a light intensity value read by a receiving sensor, and obtain a visibility correction value of the whole medium.

A method for measuring atmospheric visibility (application publication No. CN101281142A, published as 2008.10.08) obtains a visibility approximate calculation model with image characteristics as independent variables by a regression method through obtaining image characteristics and visibility labeling data sets.

A visibility measuring device and method (application publication number: CN110927166A, published bulletin day: 2020.03.27) for high-speed fogs collects environmental information through a particulate matter concentration sensor and a temperature and humidity sensor, obtains a data set through normalization processing, and obtains a visibility prediction model through three-layer BP neural network training.

The visibility hierarchical prediction model (application publication number: CN111832230A, published bulletin date: 2020.10.27) based on correlation analysis and data balance improves the generalization capability of the visibility prediction model by screening out main weather-environment influence factors of visibility, and classifying and then regressing.

A visibility measuring method based on an atmospheric fine particle spectrometer (application publication number: CN102183442A, published as 2011.09.14) adopts the atmospheric fine particle spectrometer to obtain dust particle size and concentration parameters, and calculates atmospheric visibility according to a Mie scattering theory and a visibility formula.

A method and a system for estimating low visibility scales of road video images (application publication number: CN110097762A, published as 2019.08.06) simply utilize the existing expressway video monitoring images to calculate the conversion coefficient between the road visibility and the haze concentration.

In the existing method, the difference between basic assumption and actual environmental factors is large through theoretical calculation such as mie scattering theory and the like, and the influence of medium particle motion and human eye visual persistence is not considered, so that the practical application in the sand-dust weather is limited. A statistical analysis model for preprocessing the statistic is lacked, the interpretability of the prediction model is deficient, and the prediction model does not consider the influence of visual perception difference of driving drivers on different road sections caused by irregular urban wind direction distribution, irregular sand dust particle concentration distribution and irregular distribution of vehicle driving sight and sand dust moving direction.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a multi-factor early warning method for the congestion situation of a sand-dust meteorological municipal road, which comprises the following steps:

firstly, constructing a meteorological-road condition monitoring and early warning system platform;

secondly, performing meteorological-road condition data correlation preprocessing;

step three, generating a classification sample set;

step four, training a prediction model sequence step by step;

and fifthly, predicting the congestion situation and issuing information.

Further, the first step specifically includes:

the traffic flow monitoring terminal can transmit data to the cloud server through the signal transmission line;

Further, the signal transmission line includes one or any combination of the following:

wired transmission and supported software and hardware devices;

5G and supported software and hardware equipment;

NBiot and the software and hardware devices relied upon.

Further, the step one specifically includes:

for a single vehicle running in a road network, taking an included angle obtained by clockwise turning the north direction of the position of the front end of the vehicle head to the running direction under a vertical downward visual angle at a certain moment as a traffic flow direction angle of the vehicle at the moment;

for a position point in a road network, projecting the position point on a driving axis according to the driving axis direction perpendicular to the lane where the position point is located to obtain a projection point of the point on the driving axis, and taking an included angle obtained by clockwise rotating the due north direction of the position where the projection point is located to the driving axis direction of the lane at the projection point under a vertical downward visual angle as a lane direction angle of the position point;

the middle point of the lane stop line is the end point of one lane section in the driving direction;

the lane starting point is a starting point of a lane section in the driving direction;

Further, the second step specifically includes:

carrying out data fusion on the distributed environment-traffic flow data;

for each wind speed sensor, the wind speed rate measured by the position of the wind speed sensor is taken as the wind speed at the measuring point of the wind speed sensor;

for each sand dust monitoring terminal or sand dust sampling point, taking the sand dust particle concentration and grading distribution data measured at the position of the sand dust monitoring terminal or the sand dust sampling point as the sand dust particle concentration and grading distribution data of the point;

the wind speed of a single vehicle in a road network at a certain moment is vd, the driving speed is vc, the wind direction angle is thetad, and the traffic flow direction angle is thetac;

the vehicle traveling direction is equivalent to the driver's sight line direction.

Further, the second step specifically includes:

for a general statistical fitting model, if characteristic variables which directly reflect the negative influences of irregular distribution of vehicle driving sight and sand dust movement direction and human eye visual persistence on road visibility under the visual field of a driver are not put into an input layer for analysis, the influences of the characteristic variables on an output layer cannot be reflected in the operation process, so that the model lacks interpretability due to unreasonable variable setting and lack of physical mechanism explanation;

therefore, correlation and pretreatment are carried out on meteorological-road condition data to obtain a sand-dust transverse amplification factor ka of a vehicle running in a road network and a sand-dust retention amplification factor kb of the vehicle running in the road network, ka is calculated according to the formula (1), D is a sand-dust particle size mode value, D belongs to sand-dust particle concentration and grading distribution data, and delta t is expected visual retention time of human eyes and can be 0.2 s;

（1）

kb is calculated according to formula (2);

if the angle theta c-theta d is more than 90 degrees, the sand dust particles collide with the front window;

（2）

calculating the sand and dust magnification K of a single vehicle in the road network according to the formula (3);

（3）。

further, taking the wind direction at a point on a road network where no wind direction sensor is arranged, taking two wind direction sensors closest to the three-dimensional space linear distance of the point, and performing linear interpolation on the wind direction angles of the two wind direction sensors according to the three-dimensional space linear distance between the point and the two wind direction sensors to obtain the wind direction angle at the point;

taking two wind speed sensors which are closest to the three-dimensional space linear distance of a point on a road network at which the wind speed sensors are not arranged, and performing linear interpolation on the wind speeds of the two wind speed sensors according to the three-dimensional space linear distance of the point and the two wind speed sensors to obtain the wind speed at the point;

and carrying out linear interpolation on the sand and dust particle concentration and grading distribution data of the two sand and dust particle concentration and grading distribution data direct-measuring points according to the three-dimensional space linear distance between the point and the two sand and dust particle concentration and grading distribution data direct-measuring points to obtain the sand and dust particle concentration and grading distribution data of the point.

Furthermore, the sand-dust transverse magnification factor ka represents the magnification factor of the area of a shielding area which is actually visible in the visual field of a driver in the visual persistence time of sand dust which takes the sand-dust particle size mode as the particle size relative to the area of a square area which takes the sand-dust particle size mode as the side length, and represents the statistical characteristic of the size of sand dust particles;

the sand and dust retention magnification kb is a ratio of a sand and dust particle relative velocity component which actually moves towards the front window along the sight direction of a driver to a driving speed, is equivalent to a ratio of the number of sand and dust particles which temporarily stay on the front window under the actual condition in unit time to the number of sand and dust particles which temporarily stay on the window when the sand and dust is supposed to be relatively greatly static, and can also be equivalent to a magnification of a shielding area formed by temporary stay and accumulation of the sand and dust which is formed on the window due to the blocking of the window relative to the longitudinal movement of human eyes relative to a single particle on the normal projection area of the sight vertical plane of the human eyes.

Further, the third step specifically comprises

According to the congestion situation monitoring and early warning implementation of road congestion evaluation standards of the location, respectively constructing a classification sample set for each road section;

the monitoring time is only used for marking the information acquisition time in the step and does not participate in quantitative calculation;

the classification sample set comprises classes, basic features and derived features;

Further, the fourth step specifically includes:

the monitoring time is only used for marking the information acquisition time in the step and does not participate in quantitative calculation;

Further, the fifth step specifically comprises

Deploying a driving speed mean value prediction model, a driving speed deviation degree prediction model and a road network congestion situation prediction model on a meteorological-road condition monitoring and early warning system platform, importing sand and dust meteorological forecast data provided by a meteorological department into the road network congestion situation prediction model, and combining the distribution of physical quantities corresponding to basic characteristics obtained by the meteorological-road condition monitoring and early warning system platform monitoring at different positions on a road network;

Further, the fifth step specifically includes:

Detailed Description

Step one, establishing a meteorological-road condition monitoring and early warning system platform

The meteorological-road condition monitoring and early warning system platform comprises a traffic flow monitoring terminal, a dust and sand monitoring terminal, a wind speed sensor, a wind direction sensor, a signal transmission line, a cloud server, the Internet, a switch, a large screen system, a PC (personal computer) terminal, a mobile terminal, a municipal traffic management information release platform and a traffic signal lamp monitoring system.

The signal transmission lines include wired transmission, software and hardware devices upon which 5G, NBiot relies.

The traffic flow monitor terminal comprises a road video monitor camera and a vehicle speed measuring machine, the road video monitor camera can adopt an existing municipal traffic monitor camera or be additionally arranged, the vehicle speed measuring machine can adopt an existing municipal traffic speed measuring device or be additionally arranged, and the traffic flow monitor terminal can transmit data to the cloud server in a wired transmission mode, a 5G mode or a NBiot mode.

The sand and dust monitoring terminal can adopt a dust concentration measuring instrument based on a sampling weighing or light refraction principle, sand and dust particle concentration and grading distribution data are obtained through monitoring, the data are transmitted to the cloud server in a wired transmission mode or a 5G or NBiot mode, the sand and dust particle concentration and grading distribution data can also be manually sampled, screened and weighed, the data are transmitted to the cloud server through the mobile terminal and the PC terminal, and the geographic coordinates of sampling points are marked on the sand and dust particle concentration and grading distribution data during manual reporting. The sand dust monitoring terminal or the sand dust sampling point is a sand dust particle concentration and grading distribution data direct measurement point.

The wind speed sensor and the wind direction sensor automatically acquire wind speed and wind direction information of the instrument position, and transmit data to the cloud server in a wired transmission mode, a 5G mode or an NBiot mode.

Because the wind direction distribution in urban areas is irregular, the concentration distribution of sand particles is irregular, the vehicle driving sight line and the sand movement direction distribution are irregular, the traffic flow monitoring terminal, the sand monitoring terminal, the wind speed sensor and the wind direction sensor are all arranged along a municipal road network in an equidistant or non-equidistant mode, the traffic flow monitoring terminal, the sand monitoring terminal, the wind speed sensor and the wind direction sensor are all used for recording the geographic coordinates of the positions, the geographic coordinates of all information sampling points and monitoring point positions are converted into uniform geographic coordinates in a GIS system in a system platform, all the information sampling points and the monitoring point positions are marked in the GIS, and the integration of all the information sampling points and the monitoring point positions with the municipal road coordinates is realized.

For a vehicle running in a road network, an included angle obtained by clockwise turning the vehicle running direction under a vertical downward visual angle in the due north direction of the position of the front end of the vehicle head at a certain moment is used as a traffic flow direction angle of the vehicle at the moment.

For a position point in a road network, projecting the position point on a driving axis according to the driving axis direction perpendicular to the lane where the position point is located, obtaining a projection point of the point on the driving axis, and taking an included angle obtained by clockwise rotating the due north direction of the position point to the driving axis direction of the lane at the projection point under a vertical downward visual angle as a lane direction angle of the position point.

The large-screen system, the PC end, the mobile end, the municipal traffic management information publishing platform and the traffic signal lamp monitoring system are sequentially connected into the cloud server through the switch and the internet.

The middle point of the lane stop line is the end point of one lane section in the driving direction.

The lane starting point is a starting point of one lane segment in the driving direction.

And defining a single lane between two adjacent lane endpoints along the lane passing direction as a lane section, wherein the two lane section endpoints of the single lane section along the lane passing direction are respectively a lane starting point and a lane stop line midpoint.

In a meteorological-road condition monitoring and early warning system platform, a target lane section starting point and a target lane section terminal point are respectively set on a GIS interface built in the platform in a cursor clicking mode to determine the target lane section, a lane starting point closest to the target lane section starting point is used as the target lane section starting point, a lane stop line midpoint closest to the target lane section terminal point is used as the target lane section terminal point, and no traffic light exists in the target lane section.

And defining all the lane sections which are connected with the same intersection and are converged into the same target lane section by straight running or steering as a lane section group in the coming direction.

Step two, weather-road condition data correlation preprocessing

And carrying out data fusion on the distributed environment-traffic flow data.

And for each wind direction sensor, clockwise rotating the north direction of the position of the wind direction sensor to the minimum non-negative included angle obtained by measuring the wind direction under the vertical downward visual angle, and taking the minimum non-negative included angle as the wind direction angle at the measuring point of the wind direction sensor. And taking the wind direction at a point on the road network where no wind direction sensor is arranged, taking two wind direction sensors which are closest to the point in the three-dimensional space linear distance, and performing linear interpolation on the wind direction angles of the two wind direction sensors according to the three-dimensional space linear distance between the point and the two wind direction sensors to obtain the wind direction angle at the point.

For each wind speed sensor, the wind speed rate measured at the position of the wind speed sensor is used as the wind speed at the measuring point of the wind speed sensor. And taking the two wind speed sensors closest to the three-dimensional space linear distance of the point at the wind speed of a point on the road network where the wind speed sensors are not arranged, and performing linear interpolation on the wind speeds of the two wind speed sensors according to the three-dimensional space linear distance of the point and the two wind speed sensors to obtain the wind speed of the point.

And for each sand and dust monitoring terminal or each sand and dust sampling point, taking the sand and dust particle concentration and grading distribution data measured at the position of the sand and dust monitoring terminal or each sand and dust sampling point as the sand and dust particle concentration and grading distribution data of the point. And carrying out linear interpolation on the sand and dust particle concentration and grading distribution data of the two sand and dust particle concentration and grading distribution data direct-measuring points according to the three-dimensional space linear distance between the point and the two sand and dust particle concentration and grading distribution data direct-measuring points to obtain the sand and dust particle concentration and grading distribution data of the point.

The method comprises the steps that traffic flow monitoring terminals are adopted to obtain road network driving data at different moments, the road network driving data comprise attribute data and statistical data, the attribute data comprise the number of vehicles, the position coordinates of the vehicles and the monitoring moments, the statistical data comprise the number of vehicles in lane sections, traffic flow direction angles and driving speed, and the road network driving data are counted in a meteorological-road condition monitoring and early warning system platform.

The wind speed of a single vehicle running in a road network at a certain time is vd, the running speed is vc, the wind direction angle is thetad, and the traffic flow direction angle is thetac.

The vehicle traveling direction is equivalent to the driver's sight line direction.

For a running vehicle, the stronger the crosswind is, the poorer the visibility is, under the condition that the particle size of the dust particles is certain, because the single dust particles in the visual field of the driver actually exist in the form of opaque rectangles: the driving sight line of the vehicle and the movement direction of the sand and dust are distributed irregularly and the vision persistence of human eyes is realized, so that the relative movement states of the sand and dust relative to the sight line direction of a driver are different for vehicles with different driving directions and different driving directions, specifically, for the driver, the movement speed of the sand and dust relative to the human eyes is not completely equal to the relative movement speed of the sand and dust relative to the ground, and the vision persistence sand and dust particles exist in the form of a long and thin rectangle in the visual field of the driver, the short side of the rectangle is the particle size of the sand and dust particles, and the long side of the rectangle is the orthographic projection length of the relative displacement of the sand and dust particles relative to the human eyes on the vertical plane of the vision of the human eyes in the vision persistence time.

For a running vehicle, under the condition that the particle size of sand and dust particles is constant, the more violent the wind comes in the direction parallel to the sight line, the more violent the impact of the sand and dust with the front window, because the sand and dust particles can temporarily stay and accumulate on the front window to form shielding when moving towards a driver along the sight line, the poorer the visibility of the running vehicle is, otherwise, if the speed component of the wind speed in the vehicle speed direction is consistent with the vehicle speed direction and the speed component of the wind speed in the vehicle speed direction is not less than the running speed, the sand and dust particles cannot collide with the front window, and the dust and dust particles cannot temporarily stay and shield on the front window.

However, for a general statistical fitting model, if characteristic variables directly reflecting the negative influence of irregular distribution of the driving sight line and the movement direction of dust and sand and the persistence of vision of human eyes on the road visibility under the visual field of a driver are not put into an input layer for analysis, the influence of the characteristic variables on an output layer cannot be reflected in the operation process, so that the model lacks interpretability due to unreasonable variable setting and lack of physical mechanism explanation.

Therefore, correlation and pretreatment are carried out on meteorological-road condition data to obtain a sand-dust transverse amplification factor ka of a vehicle running in a road network and a sand-dust retention amplification factor kb of the vehicle running in the road network, wherein ka is calculated according to the formula (1), D is a sand-dust particle size mode, D belongs to sand-dust particle concentration and grading distribution data, and delta t is expected visual retention time of human eyes and can be 0.2 s.

The sand-dust transverse magnification factor ka represents the magnification factor of the area of a shielding area which is actually visible in the visual field of a driver in the visual persistence time of sand dust which takes the sand-dust particle size mode as the particle size relative to the area of a square area which takes the sand-dust particle size mode as the side length, and represents the statistical characteristic of the sand-dust particle size.

The sand and dust retention magnification kb is a ratio of a sand and dust particle relative velocity component which actually moves towards the front window along the sight line direction of a driver to the driving speed, is equivalent to a ratio of the number of sand and dust particles which temporarily stay on the front window under the actual condition in unit time to the number of sand and dust particles which temporarily stay on the window when the sand and dust is supposed to be relatively greatly static, and can also be equivalent to a magnification of a shielding area formed by temporary stay and accumulation of the sand and dust on the window due to the blocking of the window relative to the longitudinal movement of human eyes relative to the area of a single particle on the normal projection area of the sight line vertical plane of the human eyes.

（1）

kb was calculated according to equation (2).

If the angle theta c-theta d is more than 90 degrees, the sand dust particles collide with the front window.

If | θ c- θ d | ≦ 90 ° and vc ≦ vd × cos (θ c- θ d) |, then there is no collision between the sand particles and the front window, and kb = 0.

（2）

And (4) calculating the sand and dust magnification K of the single vehicle in the road network according to the formula (3).

（3）。

Step three, generating a classification sample set

And respectively constructing a classification sample set for each road section according to the road congestion evaluation standard of the place where the congestion situation monitoring and early warning is implemented.

The monitoring time is only used for marking the information acquisition time in the step and does not participate in quantitative calculation.

The classification sample set contains classes, basic features and derived features.

The congestion degree is used as a class, and the concentration and gradation distribution data of dust particles belonging to the same lane section, the road network driving data excluding the vehicle number, vd of each vehicle, θ d of each vehicle, ka of each vehicle, kb of each vehicle, K of each vehicle, the driving speed standard deviation in the same lane section, and the driving speed average value in the same lane section are used as basic features.

For basic features belonging to the same lane section, performing pairwise division and pairwise multiplication on random powers of the basic features to obtain composite nonlinear features, taking the natural logarithm operation of the basic features to obtain logarithm features, taking random numbers in [0,10] as exponentials in the random power operation, and forming derivative features by the composite nonlinear features, the logarithm features and the exponentials in the random power operation, wherein the position coordinates of the vehicle are only used for marking the lane section where the vehicle is located and do not participate in quantitative calculation.

The driving speed of each vehicle only participates in calculating kb of each vehicle, K of each vehicle, standard deviation of driving speed in the same lane section and average value of driving speed in the same lane section in the basic characteristics.

Step four step training prediction model sequence

The monitoring time is only used for marking the information acquisition time in the step and does not participate in quantitative calculation.

According to existing monitoring data, the concentration and grading distribution data of dust and sand particles in the same lane section, road network driving data with driving speed and vehicle numbers removed, vd of each vehicle, theta d of each vehicle and ka of each vehicle are used as input layers of learning samples, the average value of the driving speed in the same lane section is used as an output layer of the learning samples, a driving speed average value prediction model is obtained by training an artificial neural network model, and vehicle position coordinates are only used for marking the lane section where the vehicle is located and do not participate in quantitative calculation.

According to the existing monitoring data, the concentration and grading distribution data of dust and sand particles in the same lane section, road network driving data after the vehicle number and the driving speed are removed, vd of each vehicle, theta d of each vehicle, ka of each vehicle, kb of each vehicle, K of each vehicle and the average value of the driving speed in the same lane section are used as an input layer of a learning sample, the standard deviation of the driving speed in the same lane section is used as an output layer of the learning sample, a driving speed deviation degree prediction model is obtained by training an artificial neural network model, vehicle position coordinates are only used for marking the lane section where the vehicle is located and are not involved in quantitative calculation, and the driving speed of each vehicle is only involved in calculating kb, K and the average value of the driving speed in the same lane section.

According to the classification sample set, a supervised learning method is applied to train and obtain a road network congestion situation prediction model which takes basic features and derivative features in the same lane section as input and takes congestion degree as output, and vehicle position coordinates are only used for marking the lane section where the vehicle is located and do not participate in quantitative calculation.

Step five, congestion situation prediction and information distribution

The traffic speed mean value prediction model, the traffic speed deviation degree prediction model and the road network congestion situation prediction model are deployed on a meteorological-road condition monitoring and early warning system platform, sand and dust meteorological forecast data provided by a meteorological department are imported into the road network congestion situation prediction model, and the distribution of physical quantities corresponding to basic characteristics obtained by the meteorological-road condition monitoring and early warning system platform in different positions on a road network is combined.

The wind speed and the wind direction relative to the ground from the input information acquisition time corresponding to the current prediction result to the predicted occurrence time of the current prediction result are assumed to be kept unchanged.

And assuming that the concentration and grading distribution data of the dust particles in the target lane section from the input information acquisition time corresponding to the prediction result to the predicted occurrence time of the prediction result are kept unchanged.

All vehicles on the target lane segment at the input information acquisition time corresponding to the current prediction result are assumed to leave the target lane segment at the predicted occurrence time of the current prediction result.

For the target lane segment, the total number n of all vehicles in the coming direction lane segment group at the time of collecting the corresponding input information of the prediction result is divided into n segments, then the positions of all predicted segment points after removing the lane starting point are randomly and uniformly distributed to all vehicles in the coming direction lane segment group one by one as the predicted positions of all vehicles in the coming direction lane segment group after merging into the target lane segment, and the lane direction angle corresponding to the predicted position of all vehicles in the coming direction lane segment group after merging into the target lane segment is used as the predicted vehicle theta c of all vehicles in the coming direction lane segment group after merging into the target lane segment.

And regarding the target lane segment, taking the wind speed at each expected segmentation point position except the lane starting point in the target lane segment at the input information acquisition time corresponding to the current prediction result as each coming vehicle expected vd after the vehicles on the coming direction lane segment group corresponding to each expected segmentation point position are merged into the target lane segment, and taking the wind direction angle at each expected segmentation point position except the lane starting point in the target lane segment at the input information acquisition time corresponding to the current prediction result as each coming vehicle expected thetad after the vehicles on the coming direction lane segment group corresponding to each expected segmentation point position are merged into the target lane segment.

And (3) calculating to obtain the predicted ka of each coming vehicle according to the formula (1) according to the predicted vd of each coming vehicle, the predicted theta d of each coming vehicle, the predicted theta c of each coming vehicle, the concentration of the sand particles in the target lane section and the grading distribution data at the corresponding input information acquisition time of the prediction result.

And (3) introducing the time point, n, each coming vehicle predicted vd, each coming vehicle predicted theta d, each coming vehicle predicted theta c, the sand and dust particle concentration and grading distribution data belonging to the target lane segment and each coming vehicle predicted ka at the corresponding input information acquisition time of the prediction result into a driving speed mean value prediction model together to obtain a driving speed mean value prediction value of the coming vehicle direction of the target lane segment.

And taking the predicted value of the average driving speed value of the incoming direction of the target lane segment as the predicted vc of each incoming vehicle after each vehicle on the group of the lane segments of the incoming direction enters the target lane segment.

And (3) calculating the expected incoming vehicle kb and the expected incoming vehicle K according to the formulas (2) and (3) according to the expected incoming vehicle vd, the expected incoming vehicle thetad, the expected incoming vehicle thetac, the expected incoming vehicle vc, the sand and dust particle concentration and the grading distribution data in the target lane section.

And for the target lane segment, introducing a driving speed deviation degree prediction model together with the time point and n of the corresponding input information acquisition time of the prediction result, the driving speed mean prediction value of the coming direction of the target lane segment, the predicted vd of each coming vehicle, the predicted thetad of each coming vehicle, the predicted thetac of each coming vehicle, the concentration and grading distribution data of the dust particles in the target lane segment, the predicted ka of each coming vehicle, the predicted kb of each coming vehicle and the predicted K of each coming vehicle into the driving speed deviation degree prediction model to obtain the driving speed standard deviation prediction value of the coming direction of the target lane segment.

For the target lane section, the concentration and grading distribution data of the dust particles in the target lane section are acquired, and at the time point of the input information collection time corresponding to the prediction result, n, each coming vehicle prediction vc, each coming vehicle prediction vd, each coming vehicle prediction thetad and each coming vehicle prediction thetac, and the predicted ka of each coming vehicle, the predicted kb of each coming vehicle, the predicted K of each coming vehicle, the standard deviation predicted value of the driving speed of the coming vehicle in the target lane section and the predicted value of the mean value of the driving speed of the coming vehicle in the target lane section jointly form basic characteristics, derivative characteristics corresponding to the basic characteristics are generated according to the third step, the basic characteristics and the derivative characteristics are jointly led into a road network congestion situation prediction model, the prediction result of the congestion situation of the coming vehicle in the target lane section is obtained through calculation, the input of meteorological monitoring information and road condition monitoring information is realized, and the prediction result of the congestion degree of the target lane section is output.

The average red light duration waiting for the coming vehicle direction lane segment group to converge into the same target lane segment is obtained according to a traffic signal lamp monitoring system in a meteorological-road condition monitoring and early warning system platform.

And adding half of the arithmetic mean value of all lane lengths in the lane segment group in the future direction with half of the arithmetic mean value of the length of the target lane segment to obtain the coming distance, and dividing the coming distance by the predicted value of the average value of the driving speed in the coming direction of the target lane segment to obtain the early warning advance time of the prediction result.

And adding the early warning advance time and the average red light waiting time for the coming direction lane segment group to merge into the same target lane segment at the corresponding input information acquisition time of the prediction result to obtain the predicted occurrence time of the prediction result.

And carrying out visual marking on the prediction result of the congestion degree of each road section in a system platform, automatically editing information including the name of the road section, the prediction result of the congestion degree of the road section and the predicted occurrence time of the prediction result, sending the information to a municipal traffic management information publishing platform, and broadcasting the information to the traveling vehicles in a radio broadcasting mode.

The technology is characterized in that the influences of irregular wind direction distribution, irregular sand particle concentration distribution and irregular distribution of a vehicle driving sight line and a sand movement direction are considered, particularly, on the basis of a construction magnification factor of distributed data acquisition-fusion and meteorological-road condition data correlation preprocessing, a prediction model sequence is trained step by step in a multi-level mode by generating a classification sample set and combining with multi-time monitoring data leading-in prediction models, a congestion situation prediction method with high interpretable degree is formed, the method is high in prediction precision and strong in practicability, multiple sand meteorological traffic congestion situation monitoring and early warning workers in 2021 to 4 months in Hehaote city serve as an example, and specific work effects are shown in Table 1.

The content and the application are internal test results of civil engineering technology Limited of Nanjing Kun Tuo and municipal engineering research Limited of concentric De Huohao city, and all the results are not disclosed.

TABLE 1 statistics of monitoring and early warning outcomes

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