阅读说明：本技术 一种绿色环保的陶瓷刀具材料及其制备方法 (Environment-friendly ceramic cutter material and preparation method thereof ) 是由 陈威 赵自强 焦小雨 刘星宇 成坤 朱朝龙 吴晨静 刘宣彤 于 2021-10-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种绿色环保的陶瓷刀具材料及其制备方法,包括以下过程,步骤1,取质量分数为87～89wt％的氮化硅、2～4wt％的纳米木质素、总质量分数为9～11wt％的氧化镁和氧化钇,混合均匀后干燥得到混合粉末；所述纳米木质素从杨木中提取；步骤2,将混合粉末与无水乙醇混合后,研磨后得到混匀的混合浆料；步骤3,干燥步骤2的混合浆料,得到混合均匀的复合粉料；步骤4,将步骤35的复合粉料装入模具中,并在氮气氛围的保护下进行热压烧结,烧结温度为1700～1800℃,压力为30～40MPa,保温保压时间为30～60min,其中,在升温至800～850℃时,保温30～40min,得到绿色环保的陶瓷刀具材料。所用原料绿色,制备方法简单,制备成的刀具无需使用切削液即可达到较低摩擦系数和磨损率,提升断裂韧性。(The invention provides a green environment-friendly ceramic cutter material and a preparation method thereof, and the preparation method comprises the following steps of 1, taking 87-89 wt% of silicon nitride, 2-4 wt% of nano lignin, and 9-11 wt% of magnesium oxide and yttrium oxide in total mass, uniformly mixing, and drying to obtain mixed powder; the nano lignin is extracted from poplar; step 2, mixing the mixed powder with absolute ethyl alcohol, and grinding to obtain uniformly mixed slurry; step 3, drying the mixed slurry obtained in the step 2 to obtain uniformly mixed composite powder; and 4, filling the composite powder obtained in the step 35 into a mold, and performing hot-pressing sintering under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, wherein the sintering temperature is 1700-1800 ℃, the pressure is 30-40 MPa, and the heat preservation and pressure maintaining time is 30-60 min, wherein the heat preservation time is 30-40 min when the temperature is raised to 800-850 ℃, so that the green and environment-friendly ceramic cutter material is obtained. The raw materials are green, the preparation method is simple, the prepared cutter can reach a low friction coefficient and a low wear rate without using cutting fluid, and the fracture toughness is improved.)

1. The green and environment-friendly ceramic cutting tool material is characterized by comprising 87-89 wt% of silicon nitride, 1-4 wt% of nano lignin, 9-11 wt% of magnesium oxide and yttrium oxide, wherein the sum of the mixing ratio of the components is 100%;

the nano lignin is extracted from poplar.

2. A preparation method of a green environment-friendly ceramic cutting tool material is characterized by comprising the following steps of,

step 1, uniformly mixing 87-89 wt% of silicon nitride, 2-4 wt% of nano lignin, 9-11 wt% of magnesium oxide and 11 wt% of yttrium oxide, and drying to obtain mixed powder; the nano lignin is extracted from poplar;

step 2, mixing the mixed powder with absolute ethyl alcohol, and grinding to obtain uniformly mixed slurry;

step 3, drying the mixed slurry obtained in the step 2 to obtain uniformly mixed composite powder;

and 4, filling the composite powder obtained in the step 3 into a mold, and carrying out hot-pressing sintering under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, wherein the sintering temperature is 1700-1800 ℃, the pressure is 30-40 MPa, and the heat preservation and pressure maintaining time is 30-60 min, wherein the heat preservation time is 30-40 min when the temperature is raised to 800-850 ℃, so that the green and environment-friendly ceramic cutter material is obtained.

3. The method for preparing the green and environment-friendly ceramic cutting tool material according to claim 2, wherein in the step 2, a zirconia grinding body is adopted for ball milling to obtain uniformly mixed slurry.

4. The method for preparing the green and environment-friendly ceramic cutting tool material according to claim 2, wherein in the step 3, the mixed slurry in the step 2 is dried by a vacuum drying oven to obtain the composite powder.

5. The method for preparing green and environment-friendly ceramic cutting tool material according to claim 2, wherein in the step 3, the composite powder of the step 3 is ground and sieved by a screen to obtain the composite powder with proper particle size.

6. The method for preparing green and environment-friendly ceramic cutting tool material according to claim 2, wherein in the step 3, the composite powder material obtained in the step 2 is mixed by using a three-dimensional mixing instrument to obtain the uniformly mixed composite powder material.

7. The method for preparing a green and environment-friendly ceramic cutting tool material as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step 4, the mold is a graphite mold.

8. The method for preparing green and environment-friendly ceramic cutting tool material according to claim 2, wherein in the step 4, the hot-pressing sintering is performed under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of structural ceramic materials, and particularly belongs to an environment-friendly ceramic cutter material and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The machine manufacturing industry is the foundation of national industry and occupies a serious position in national economy, and metal cutting machining is one of the most basic implementation means and key links in machine manufacturing. The common cutting tool mainly comprises a hard alloy material and a ceramic material, wherein the ceramic material such as a silicon nitride ceramic material has better strength, hardness and wear resistance than the hard alloy and is more hopeful to be used as a tool material, but the silicon nitride material is easy to generate a brittle fracture phenomenon due to the brittleness problem of the silicon nitride material, and the use and popularization of the silicon nitride material as the cutting tool are seriously hindered, so that the fracture toughness of the silicon nitride material can be improved by adding a second phase, and the fracture of the silicon nitride material is prevented.

The cutting fluid is often used for improving the surface quality of a workpiece and improving the service life and the machining efficiency of a cutter, and particularly, the cutting fluid is more required to be used for machining of nickel-based high-temperature alloys which are difficult to machine, such as GH4169 and the like. However, the frequent use of the cutting fluid causes environmental pollution, harms the health of workers, increases the manufacturing cost, and has great significance in the absence of the cutting fluid.

In view of the above, there are many problems in the conventional tool materials and processes for machining alloys difficult to machine, such as GH4169, and it is necessary to develop an environmentally friendly ceramic tool material.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a green and environment-friendly ceramic cutter material and a preparation method thereof, the used raw materials are green, the preparation method is simple, the prepared cutter can reach lower friction coefficient and wear rate without using cutting fluid, and the fracture toughness of the silicon nitride-based ceramic can be effectively improved.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

the green and environment-friendly ceramic cutting tool material comprises 87-89 wt% of silicon nitride, 1-4 wt% of nano lignin, 9-11 wt% of magnesium oxide and yttrium oxide, wherein the sum of the mixing ratio of the components is 100%;

the nano lignin is extracted from poplar.

A preparation method of a green environment-friendly ceramic cutting tool material comprises the following steps,

step 1, uniformly mixing 87-89 wt% of silicon nitride, 2-4 wt% of nano lignin, 9-11 wt% of magnesium oxide and 11 wt% of yttrium oxide, and drying to obtain mixed powder; the nano lignin is extracted from poplar;

step 2, mixing the mixed powder with absolute ethyl alcohol, and grinding to obtain uniformly mixed slurry;

step 3, drying the mixed slurry obtained in the step 2 to obtain uniformly mixed composite powder;

and 4, filling the composite powder obtained in the step 3 into a mold, and carrying out hot-pressing sintering under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, wherein the sintering temperature is 1700-1800 ℃, the pressure is 30-40 MPa, and the heat preservation and pressure maintaining time is 30-60 min, wherein the heat preservation time is 30-40 min when the temperature is raised to 800-850 ℃, so that the green and environment-friendly ceramic cutter material is obtained.

Preferably, in step 2, a zirconia milling body is used for ball milling to obtain a uniformly mixed slurry.

Preferably, in the step 3, the mixed slurry in the step 2 is dried by a vacuum drying oven to obtain the composite powder.

Preferably, in step 3, the composite powder obtained in step 3 is ground and sieved by a screen to obtain the composite powder with proper particle size.

Preferably, in the step 3, the composite powder obtained in the step 2 is mixed by using a three-dimensional mixing instrument to obtain uniformly mixed composite powder.

Preferably, in step 4, the mold is a graphite mold.

Preferably, in step 4, hot-pressing sintering is performed under the protection of a nitrogen atmosphere.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

the invention provides a green and environment-friendly ceramic cutter material, which is prepared by taking nano lignin and silicon nitride powder extracted from poplar as main raw materials according to a specific proportion and performing ball milling process and hot-pressing sintering to obtain the ceramic cutter material with excellent physical mechanical property and tribological property, wherein the nano lignin is converted into a graphene-like material to form a coating layer coated on the surface of silicon nitride crystal grains. When the material is fractured, the material can be subjected to passivation branching, deflection and bridging through the cracks, wherein the bridging of the cracks is formed by fracture bridging of a graphene-like film consisting of the graphene-like material on the surface of the silicon nitride crystal grains after the silicon nitride crystal grains are fractured, and the fracture toughness of the material is improved. In addition, the formation of the coating layer enables the composite material to have an excellent microstructure, the strength and the hardness of the material are improved, and the overall mechanical property of the material is improved.

The cutter is not easy to break due to excellent physical and mechanical properties, and has a long service life and long service life due to the low wear rate. The material has a lower friction coefficient when being subjected to a friction wear test in an atmospheric environment with the GH4169 nickel-based high-temperature alloy which is difficult to process, and the material is shown to be capable of achieving the lower friction coefficient without cutting fluid when being used as a cutting tool for processing difficult-to-process metals such as the nickel-based high-temperature alloy and the like, and being capable of directly processing, so that the pollution of the cutting fluid to the environment is avoided. In addition, this patent chooses for use raw materials green: the nano lignin is extracted from poplar wood, is green, environment-friendly and renewable, and the silicon nitride is non-toxic and harmless to the environment.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph of friction coefficient as a function of wear distance for a ceramic tool material mated with GH4169 in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a graph of friction coefficient as a function of wear distance for ceramic tool materials mated with GH4169 in accordance with example 2 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the invention.

Example 1

An environment-friendly ceramic cutter material and a preparation method thereof comprise the following steps:

step S1, the mass ratio of the weighed nano lignin and silicon nitride powder to the mixed powder of magnesium oxide and yttrium oxide is 2: 88: 10, uniformly mixing and drying to obtain composite powder; the nano lignin is extracted from poplar wood, and is green, environment-friendly and renewable. And the nano lignin extracted from poplar can be converted into a graphene-like material to form a layer of coating layer to coat the surface of the silicon nitride crystal grains. When the material is fractured, the material can be subjected to passivation branching, deflection and bridging through the cracks, wherein the bridging of the cracks is formed by fracture bridging of a graphene-like film consisting of the graphene-like material on the surface of the silicon nitride crystal grains after the silicon nitride crystal grains are fractured, and the fracture toughness of the material is improved.

Step S2, mixing the mixed powder with a small amount of absolute ethyl alcohol, and performing ball milling by using a zirconium oxide grinding body to obtain uniformly mixed slurry;

step S3, drying the uniformly mixed slurry obtained in the step S2 by using a vacuum drying oven to obtain composite powder;

step S4, grinding the composite powder obtained in the step S3, and sieving the ground composite powder by using a 80-mesh sieve to obtain composite powder with proper particle size;

step S5, uniformly mixing the composite powder obtained in the step S4 by using a three-dimensional mixing instrument to obtain uniformly mixed composite powder;

and S6, filling the composite powder obtained in the step S5 into a graphite mold, and performing hot-pressing sintering under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, wherein the sintering temperature is 1700 ℃, the pressure is 30MPa, and the heat preservation and pressure maintaining time is 30min, wherein the heat preservation is performed for 30min when the temperature is raised to 800 ℃, so that the green and environment-friendly ceramic cutter material is obtained.

The physical and mechanical properties of the material are shown in the following table:

when the material is prepared into a pin sample and is subjected to a pin disc type friction and wear test with a GH4169 disc sample, the rotating speed is 1000r/min, the load is 10N, a friction curve shown in figure 1 can be obtained, the stable average friction coefficient can reach about 0.22, and the wear rate of the pin sample is 1.23 multiplied by 10^-5mm³And (N.m) can be used as a material of a green environment-friendly cutting tool with long service life and without cutting fluid.

Example 2

An environment-friendly ceramic cutter material and a preparation method thereof comprise the following steps:

step S1, the mass ratio of the weighed nano lignin and silicon nitride powder to the mixed powder of magnesium oxide and yttrium oxide is 4: 87: 9, uniformly mixing and drying to obtain composite powder; extracting nano lignin from poplar;

step S2, mixing the mixed powder with a small amount of absolute ethyl alcohol, and performing ball milling by using a zirconium oxide grinding body to obtain uniformly mixed slurry;

step S3, drying the uniformly mixed slurry obtained in the step S2 by using a vacuum drying oven to obtain composite powder;

step S4, grinding the composite powder obtained in the step S3, and sieving the ground composite powder by using a 80-mesh sieve to obtain composite powder with proper particle size;

step S5, uniformly mixing the composite powder obtained in the step S4 by using a three-dimensional mixing instrument to obtain uniformly mixed composite powder;

and S6, filling the composite powder obtained in the step S5 into a graphite mold, and performing hot-pressing sintering under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, wherein the sintering temperature is 1800 ℃, the pressure is 40MPa, and the heat preservation and pressure maintaining time is 40min, wherein when the temperature is increased to 800 ℃, the heat preservation time is 40min, and the green and environment-friendly ceramic cutter material is obtained.

The physical and mechanical properties of the material are shown in the following table:

when the material is prepared into a pin sample and is subjected to a pin disc type friction and wear test with a GH4169 disc sample, the rotating speed is 1000r/min, the load is 10N, a friction curve shown in figure 2 can be obtained, the stable average friction coefficient can reach about 0.27, and the wear rate of the pin sample is 1.74 multiplied by 10^-6mm³And (N.m) can be used as a material of a green environment-friendly cutting tool with long service life and without cutting fluid.

Example 3

An environment-friendly ceramic cutter material and a preparation method thereof comprise the following steps:

step S1, weighing the nano lignin and silicon nitride powder, and the mixed powder of magnesium oxide and yttrium oxide in a mass ratio of 1: 89: 10, uniformly mixing and drying to obtain composite powder; extracting nano lignin from poplar;

step S2, mixing the mixed powder with a small amount of absolute ethyl alcohol, and performing ball milling by using a zirconium oxide grinding body to obtain uniformly mixed slurry;

step S3, drying the uniformly mixed slurry obtained in the step S2 by using a vacuum drying oven to obtain composite powder;

step S4, grinding the composite powder obtained in the step S3, and sieving the ground composite powder by a 90-mesh sieve to obtain composite powder with proper particle size;

step S5, uniformly mixing the composite powder obtained in the step S4 by using a three-dimensional mixing instrument to obtain uniformly mixed composite powder;

and S6, loading the composite powder obtained in the step S5 into a graphite mold, and carrying out hot-pressing sintering under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, wherein the sintering temperature is 1750 ℃, the pressure is 35MPa, and the heat preservation and pressure maintaining time is 40min, wherein the heat preservation is carried out for 35min when the temperature is raised to 850 ℃, so that the green and environment-friendly ceramic cutter material is obtained.

The physical and mechanical properties of the material are shown in the following table:

example 4

An environment-friendly ceramic cutter material and a preparation method thereof comprise the following steps:

step S1, the mass ratio of the weighed nano lignin and silicon nitride powder to the mixed powder of magnesium oxide and yttrium oxide is 3: 88: 9, uniformly mixing and drying to obtain composite powder; extracting nano lignin from poplar;

step S2, mixing the mixed powder with a small amount of absolute ethyl alcohol, and performing ball milling by using a zirconium oxide grinding body to obtain uniformly mixed slurry;

step S3, drying the uniformly mixed slurry obtained in the step S2 by using a vacuum drying oven to obtain composite powder;

step S4, grinding the composite powder obtained in the step S3, and sieving the ground composite powder by using a 80-mesh sieve to obtain composite powder with proper particle size;

step S5, uniformly mixing the composite powder obtained in the step S4 by using a three-dimensional mixing instrument to obtain uniformly mixed composite powder;

and S6, filling the composite powder obtained in the step S5 into a graphite mold, and performing hot-pressing sintering under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, wherein the sintering temperature is 1730 ℃, the pressure is 35MPa, and the heat preservation and pressure maintaining time is 50min, wherein the heat preservation is performed for 35min when the temperature is raised to 820 ℃, so that the green and environment-friendly ceramic cutter material is obtained.

The physical and mechanical properties of the material are shown in the following table:

example 5

An environment-friendly ceramic cutter material and a preparation method thereof comprise the following steps:

step S1, the mass ratio of the weighed nano lignin and silicon nitride powder to the mixed powder of magnesium oxide and yttrium oxide is 2: 87: 11, uniformly mixing and drying to obtain composite powder; extracting nano lignin from poplar;

step S2, mixing the mixed powder with a small amount of absolute ethyl alcohol, and performing ball milling by using a zirconium oxide grinding body to obtain uniformly mixed slurry;

step S3, drying the uniformly mixed slurry obtained in the step S2 by using a vacuum drying oven to obtain composite powder;

step S4, grinding the composite powder obtained in the step S3, and sieving the ground composite powder by using a 120-mesh sieve to obtain composite powder with proper particle size;

step S5, uniformly mixing the composite powder obtained in the step S4 by using a three-dimensional mixing instrument to obtain uniformly mixed composite powder;

and S6, filling the composite powder obtained in the step S5 into a graphite mold, and performing hot-pressing sintering under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, wherein the sintering temperature is 1780 ℃, the pressure is 30MPa, and the heat preservation and pressure maintaining time is 60min, wherein the heat preservation is performed for 35min when the temperature is raised to 830 ℃, so that the green and environment-friendly ceramic cutter material is obtained.

The physical and mechanical properties of the material are shown in the following table:

the above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.