阅读说明：本技术 一种提高烟草质量的肥料及其应用 (Fertilizer for improving tobacco quality and application thereof ) 是由 韦建玉 张纪利 殷全玉 宋战锋 刘国顺 金亚波 王新发 黄崇峻 贾海江 李正辉 于 2021-10-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种提高烟草质量的肥料,包括生物炭基有机肥和烟草专用复混肥,且二者的质量比为80-100：40-60,其中,所述生物炭基有机肥包括生物炭和有机废弃物,且质量比为15：85。将该种肥料对烟草植株进行施用,显著提高了烟草的质量。(The invention discloses a fertilizer for improving tobacco quality, which comprises a biochar-based organic fertilizer and a special tobacco compound fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of the biochar-based organic fertilizer to the special tobacco compound fertilizer is 80-100: 40-60, wherein the biochar-based organic fertilizer comprises biochar and organic waste, and the mass ratio of the biochar to the organic waste is 15: 85. the fertilizer is applied to tobacco plants, so that the quality of tobacco is obviously improved.)

1. The fertilizer for improving the tobacco quality is characterized by comprising a charcoal-based organic fertilizer and a special tobacco compound fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of the charcoal-based organic fertilizer to the special tobacco compound fertilizer is 80-100: 40-60, wherein the biochar-based organic fertilizer comprises biochar and organic waste, and the mass ratio of the biochar to the organic waste is 15: 85.

2. the tobacco quality improving fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the organic waste comprises aniseed, filter mud or cow dung.

3. The fertilizer for improving the tobacco quality according to claim 1, wherein the compound fertilizer special for tobacco is nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and N: p₂O₅：K₂O＝1:1:3。

4. Use of a tobacco quality enhancing fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3 for enhancing tobacco quality.

5. The use of a tobacco quality improving fertilizer according to claim 4, wherein the fertilizer can improve the agronomic performance of tobacco; the agronomic traits include: tobacco plant height, stem circumference, pitch, leaf length and leaf width.

6. The use of a tobacco quality improving fertilizer according to claim 4 for improving tobacco quality, wherein the fertilizer promotes the root development of tobacco and increases the total root length, root surface area, root diameter and root volume of tobacco plants.

7. The application of the fertilizer for improving the tobacco quality in improving the tobacco quality according to claim 4, wherein the fertilizer can improve the quality of the tobacco leaves after the tobacco leaves are roasted, balance chemical components in the tobacco leaves and reduce the chlorine content and the sugar-base ratio in the roasted tobacco leaves.

8. The use of a tobacco quality improving fertilizer according to claim 4 for improving tobacco quality, wherein the fertilizer improves tobacco yield.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of tobacco planting, in particular to a fertilizer for improving tobacco quality and application thereof.

Background

At the present stage, the tobacco yield is blindly pursued, and tobacco growers apply chemical fertilizers for a long time and excessively to cause the quality degradation of tobacco planting soil, so that the quality of tobacco leaves is reduced, the utilization rate of the fertilizers is reduced, and diseases are frequent. The Guangxi area has a large amount of anise, filter mud, cow dung and other wastes, and waste utilization is urgent.

The biochar has stronger stability in soil, thereby ensuring that the soil is not damaged by decomposition of the biochar. Meanwhile, a large number of researches show that the biochar has the soil improving and yield increasing effects, so that the application of the biochar-based organic fertilizer lays a foundation for continuously playing the nitrogen fixation and emission reduction effects and the soil improving and yield increasing effects. Due to different climatic conditions and soil conditions in each region, the effect exerted by the biochar-based organic fertilizer is different, and when the biochar-based organic fertilizer is applied to crop production, the biochar-based organic fertilizer is different according to the land, the crops and the specific conditions. The effect produced after returning different biochar to the field is also different. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a formula of a special biochar-based organic fertilizer for tobacco, which is suitable for the soil and ecological characteristics of the Baichou area of the Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region, verify and screen the formula, combine and utilize biochar and local farmland wastes, and develop a suitable formula of the biochar-based organic fertilizer, so as to improve the yield and quality of the Baichou tobacco leaves.

Therefore, the technical personnel in the field need to solve the problem of how to provide the tobacco biochar-based organic fertilizer suitable for the soil and ecological characteristics of the tobacco area of the Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention provides a fertilizer for improving the quality of tobacco, wherein the fertilizer uses a biochar-based organic fertilizer to replace the organic fertilizer in the prior art, so that the quality of tobacco is obviously improved.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a fertilizer for improving tobacco quality comprises a biochar-based organic fertilizer and a special tobacco compound fertilizer, and the mass ratio of the biochar-based organic fertilizer to the special tobacco compound fertilizer is 80-100: 40-60, wherein the biochar-based organic fertilizer comprises biochar and organic waste, and the mass ratio of the biochar to the organic waste is 15: 85.

a large amount of organic wastes exist in the farmland in Guangxi province, so that the organic fertilizer and the organic wastes are combined, the utilization efficiency of the organic wastes is improved, and the biochar has the soil improving and yield increasing effects, so that the application of the biochar-based organic fertilizer lays a foundation for continuously playing the nitrogen fixation and emission reduction effects and the soil improving and yield increasing effects; the biochar, the inorganic fertilizer and the organic waste are jointly used, and compared with the prior art that only the inorganic fertilizer and the organic fertilizer are jointly used, the method obviously promotes the root development of tobacco plants and increases the agronomic characters, obviously improves the quality of the flue-cured tobacco leaves, and shows that the chemical components are more coordinated, and the sensory evaluation quality is better.

As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the organic waste comprises aniseed, filter mud or cow dung.

As the preferable technical scheme of the invention, the special compound fertilizer for tobacco is nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and N: p₂O₅：K₂O＝1:1:3。

The fertilizer for improving the tobacco quality is applied to improving the tobacco quality.

As a preferable technical scheme, the fertilizer can improve the agronomic characters of tobacco; the agronomic traits include: tobacco plant height, stem circumference, pitch, leaf length and leaf width.

As the preferable technical scheme of the invention, the fertilizer can promote the root system development of tobacco and improve the total root length, the root surface area, the root diameter and the root volume of tobacco plants.

As the preferred technical scheme of the invention, the fertilizer can improve the quality of the flue-cured tobacco leaves, coordinate the chemical components of the tobacco leaves and reduce the chlorine content and the sugar-alkali ratio in the flue-cured tobacco leaves.

As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the fertilizer can improve the yield of tobacco.

According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the fertilizer for improving the tobacco quality is disclosed, and the biochar, the waste organic matters and the inorganic fertilizer are used as raw materials, so that the tobacco quality is remarkably improved.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

Test materials

The physicochemical properties of the biochar to be tested are as follows: C. h, O, N element content is 50-60%, 3.0-4.0%, 17.0-21.0%, 1.3-1.7%, chloride ion content is 0.4-0.6%, water content is 10-20%, and specific surface area is about 2.00m²/g～5.57m²G, aperture of 1.543nm, total pore volume of 0.010cm³/g。

The tested filter mud, star anise and cow dung are local organic fertilizer data in Guangxi province;

the basic fertility of the tested soil is shown in table 1;

the tobacco variety to be tested: all are cloud 87

TABLE 1 soil basic fertility of test land

Design of experiments

The test was carried out in Baichong city of the Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region in 2019, and the two test points were located in Xindao Xinroncun (longitude 106.365923, latitude 23.178517) of Jingxi city and Dexiang Shangguancun (longitude 105.153815, latitude 24.641570) of the autonomous county of Longlin county.

Run 4 treatments:

CK: the tobacco special compound fertilizer and local organic fertilizer;

t1: the special compound fertilizer for tobacco and the aniseed biochar-based organic fertilizer;

t2: the special compound fertilizer for tobacco and the filter mud biochar-based organic fertilizer;

t3: the special compound fertilizer for tobacco and the cow dung biochar-based organic fertilizer;

the nitrogen fertilizer dosage of each treatment is the same, and nitrogen: phosphorus: the ratio of potassium is 1:2: 3.

The tobacco is transplanted in 2019 in 2 months, and the tobacco field is managed according to the technical specification of high-quality tobacco production in Guangxi local.

Measurement items and methods

After 10 days after topping, 10 tobacco plants are randomly selected from each treated cell, and agronomic characters such as plant height, stem circumference, leaf number, maximum leaf length of middle leaves, leaf width and the like are investigated (a tobacco agronomic character investigation and measurement method YC/T142-2010). Randomly selecting 3 tobacco plants in each treated cell in the tobacco plant flourishing long term, digging out tobacco roots, and measuring the development condition of the root system by using a root system analyzer. And (4) independently harvesting the tobacco leaves with different treatments, hanging and baking, counting the yield of the tobacco leaves with each grade, and calculating economic characters. Samples of flue-cured tobacco leaves at the C3F and B2F ratings were taken for analysis of conventional chemical composition and sensory evaluation.

Data analysis

The data is sorted by using office2016, the single-factor variance analysis is carried out by adopting SPSS22.0 software according to the difference among different treatments, and the significance test is carried out by using an LSD method (p is less than 0.05).

Results

Influence of different treatment groups on agronomic characters of tobacco plants:

agronomic characters of each treated tobacco plant were investigated 10d after topping, and the results are shown in table 2:

TABLE 2 agronomic characteristics of each treated tobacco plant ten days after topping

As can be seen from Table 2, the plant height after topping in the Longlin experimental land is kept between 85.6 cm and 92.9cm, and the plant height of the T1 group is obviously higher than that of the control and other treatments and is 8.5 percent higher than that of CK; after topping, the stem circumference of the tobacco plant is between 8.35 cm and 8.74cm after 10d, the treatment except the T1 group has no obvious difference compared with the control, the stem circumference of the T1 group is the largest, the stem circumference is improved by 2.0 percent compared with the conventional fertilization CK, and the difference reaches an obvious level; the tobacco plant pitch is 3.6-3.8cm after 10 days of topping, the whole test group is higher than the control group, but the significant difference is not achieved; the number of effective leaves of the tobacco plant is maintained at 18.2-19.7 after 10d of topping, and the treated group is higher than the control group, wherein the T1 and T2 treatment is obviously higher than the control group; the maximum leaf length of the tobacco plant after 10d of topping is between 68.9cm and 71.1cm, the maximum leaf width is between 26.0cm and 27.8cm, the maximum leaf length and the leaf width of the treated group are slightly higher than those of the control group, but the significant difference is not achieved. According to the agronomic characters of tobacco in the LonglinderWithania test field, the agronomic characters of tobacco plants are obviously improved by the application of the biochar-based organic fertilizer and the chemical fertilizer, wherein the plant height, the stem circumference and the number of effective leaves are obviously improved, and the effect of T1 treatment (the aniseed biochar-based fertilizer) is optimal.

The tobacco plant height of 10d after topping of the test field of Jingxi Xin Jia is 106.0-114.0cm, the test groups are all obviously higher than the control group, and T1, T2 and T3 are respectively increased by 5.0%, 6.3% and 7.5% compared with the control group; the stem circumference is between 7.6 and 8.16cm, the test group is higher than the control group, but the difference is not significant, wherein the T1 treatment performance is better; the pitch is between 7.1 cm and 8.5cm, the test group is obviously higher than the control group, wherein T2 and T3 have better performance and are respectively improved by 19.7 percent and 15.5 percent compared with the control group; the effective leaf number of the test group is obviously higher than that of the control group, the T1, the T2 and the T3 are respectively improved by 36.1 percent, 20.4 percent and 13.6 percent compared with the control group, the effective leaf number of the T1 group is obviously higher than that of other treatments, and 5.33 pieces are added compared with the control group; the maximum leaf length and leaf width in the middle leaf treatment group and the control group were not significantly different. In view of the agronomic characters of tobacco in the Jingxi Xinjia test field, the application of the biochar-based organic fertilizer and the fertilizer obviously improves the agronomic characters of tobacco plants, wherein the improvement of the effective leaf number and the plant height is most obvious, and the T1 treatment (the aniseed biochar-based fertilizer) effect is optimal.

Through two-site analysis, the effect of the conventional fertilization and aniseed biochar-based organic fertilizer treatment test is good.

Development of root system

Selecting 3 cigarettes in each treated cell in a vigorous growing period, digging out tobacco roots, and measuring various root system indexes, which are shown in a table 3;

TABLE 3 different indexes of tobacco root system for treating flourishing tobacco for long time

According to table 3, the carina was analyzed: the total root length and the total root surface area are shown, the test group is obviously higher than the control group, but the difference between the test groups is not obvious, the total root length of T1, T2 and T3 is respectively increased by 39.4 percent, 32.1 percent and 26.7 percent compared with the control group, and the total root surface area of T1, T2 and T3 is respectively increased by 17.0 percent, 12.8 percent and 19.9 percent compared with the control group; the average root diameter and the total volume of the test group are significantly higher than those of the control group, but the difference among the test groups is not obvious, the average root diameters of T1, T2 and T3 are respectively increased by 25.6 percent, 9.0 percent and 28.2 percent compared with the control group, and the total root volume of T1, T2 and T3 is respectively increased by 69.6 percent, 46.4 percent and 69.1 percent compared with the control group; the number of the root tips and the number of branches of the experimental group are higher than those of the control group, wherein T1 and T2 treatment reaches a significant level, the number of the root tips of T1 and T2 treatment is respectively increased by 35.1 percent and 28.9 percent compared with the control group, the number of the branches is respectively increased by 15.4 percent and 29.8 percent, and the number of the root tips and the number of the branches of the T3 group are not obviously different from those of the control group. In the comprehensive humping test, the root development condition of tobacco plants is obviously improved by the matching of the biochar-based organic fertilizer and the chemical fertilizer, wherein the root volume, the total root length, the root tip number and the branch number are improved most obviously, the T1 treatment (the aniseed biochar-based fertilizer) and the T2 treatment (the mud-filtering biochar-based fertilizer) have the optimal effect, and the T3 treatment (the cow dung biochar-based fertilizer) is performed.

Analyzing Jingxi: from the view of total root length and total root surface area, the test group is obviously higher than the control group, the T3 treatment is better than the T1 and T2 treatment, the total root length of T1, T2 and T3 is respectively increased by 21.8%, 19.8% and 78.6% compared with the control group, and the total root surface area of T1, T2 and T3 is respectively increased by 18.1%, 12.5% and 38.9% compared with the control group; the average root diameter and the total volume of the test group are both significantly higher than those of the control group, the T2 treatment is superior to the T1 and T3 treatments, the average root diameters of the T1, the T2 and the T3 are respectively increased by 50.9%, 84.0% and 28.4% compared with the control group, and the total root volume of the T1, the T2 and the T3 are respectively increased by 39.7%, 91.6% and 79.4% compared with the control group; the number of the root tips and the number of branches of the experimental group are both higher than those of the control group, wherein the T1 group is significantly better than those of the T2 group and the T3 group, the number of the root tips of the T1, the T2 and the T3 group is respectively increased by 168.2%, 42.4% and 34.3% compared with the control group, and the number of the root branches of the T1, the T2 and the T3 group is respectively increased by 115.8%, 97.9% and 58.2% compared with the control group. In the comprehensive Jingxi test, the root system development condition of tobacco plants is obviously improved by the matching application of the biochar-based organic fertilizer and the fertilizer, wherein the root tip number and the branch number are increased fastest, and then the total volume, the root diameter, the total root length and the root area of the root system are increased. The improvement effect of the T1 treatment (star anise biochar-based fertilizer) on the root tip number and the branch number is most obvious, the T2 treatment (filter mud biochar-based fertilizer) has the optimal effect of improving the average root diameter and the volume, and the T3 treatment (cow dung biochar-based fertilizer) has the best effect of improving the total root length and the area. The root tip and branch number are most important for the absorption function of the tobacco root system, and the improvement effect of the T1 treatment on the 2 traits exceeds 100 percent, so the T1 treatment is considered to be better than the T2 and the T3 in whole.

By combining two analysis, the effect of improving the root development of tobacco plants is better by the conventional fertilization and the octagonal biochar-based organic fertilizer treatment test, and then the conventional fertilization and the filter mud biochar-based organic fertilizer and the conventional fertilization and the cow dung biochar-based organic fertilizer are used.

Analysis of flue-cured tobacco leaf quality

Respectively taking the treated flue-cured tobacco leaves B₂F、C₃F, performing conventional chemical component analysis on the tobacco leaves of the two grades, as shown in Table 4;

TABLE 4 chemical composition of cured tobacco for each treatment

Water-soluble total sugar and reducing sugar are one of important chemical components of flue-cured tobacco, and can be used for reducing irritation due to alcohol and smoke. The sugar-sugar ratio is the ratio of reducing sugar to water-soluble total sugar, the ratio reflects the maturity of tobacco to a certain extent, and the closer the ratio is to 1, the higher the maturity of tobacco is, the higher the sugar-sugar ratio of tobacco leaves with better maturity is greater than 0.85. Nicotine is the material basis of smoking addiction, and the ratio of sugar to base (water soluble total sugar/nicotine) is preferably 8-12. The potassium content and the potassium-chlorine ratio of the tobacco are important indexes for representing the quality and the combustibility of the tobacco, the potassium content of the tobacco and the quality of the tobacco are in a positive correlation, the higher the potassium content is, the better the potassium content is, and the potassium-chlorine ratio is preferably more than or equal to 4.

As can be seen from Table 4, the chemical composition of tobacco leaves in the Longlin test was analyzed: the biochar-based fertilizer and the chemical fertilizer are applied in a matched manner, so that the content of B can be improved₂F and C₃And F, the content of total sugar and reducing sugar in the tobacco leaves, the content of total nitrogen and nicotine are slightly reduced, and the content of potassium is obviously increased. From the perspective of chemical component coordination, the two-sugar ratio of the test group is obviously increased compared with the control group, which indicates that the tobacco maturity is improved, wherein T1 and T2 are better in performance; the sugar-base ratios of B2F and C3F are higher than those of the control group, and can be kept in a proper range; the potassium-chlorine ratio of the test group and the control group is more than 4, and the requirements of high-quality tobacco leaves are met; the potassium content of the test group is higher than that of the control group, wherein the T1 treatment is better, and compared with the control group, the potassium content of the B2F treated by the T1 is improved by 18.97 percent, and the potassium content of the C3F is improved by 6.47 percent.

For the tobacco leaves in Jingxi test field, the maturity of the tobacco leaves can be improved by the matching of the biochar-based fertilizer and the fertilizer, and the main characteristic is that the disaccharide ratio is obviously increased, wherein the T1 treatment is better, and the disaccharide ratio of B2F and C3F treated by T1 is respectively improved by 7.73% and 8.43%; the sugar-base ratio of the test group C3F is obviously lower than that of the control group C3F, the sugar-base ratio of the control group C3F is up to 21.32, the sugar-base ratio obviously deviates from an appropriate range, the test group reduces the higher sugar-base ratio, and the higher sugar-base ratio tends to a reasonable range, wherein the T2 treatment effect is optimal, and the sugar-base ratio is 14.66; the potassium content of the test tobacco leaves is slightly higher than that of the control group, wherein the T1 treatment effect is better, and the potassium content of B2F and C2F of the test tobacco leaves exceeds that of the control group.

In conclusion, the biochar-based fertilizer has the effects of improving the maturity and the potassium content of tobacco and enabling chemical components of the biochar-based fertilizer to be more coordinated, and the T1 special compound fertilizer for the tobacco and the aniseed biochar-based fertilizer are optimally treated.

Analysis of tobacco yield and value after roasting

The economic character of tobacco after the Longlin baking is analyzed and is shown in a table 5;

TABLE 5 economic character index of the flue-cured tobacco leaves of each treatment

As can be seen from Table 5, the application of the biochar-based organic fertilizer can effectively improve the tobacco yield per mu, the mu yield value, the average price and the first-class tobacco ratio, and the T1 treatment has the best performance and the T2 treatment follows. The acre yield, the acre yield value, the average price and the upper smoke proportion of the T1 processing in the Longlin test site are respectively improved by 7.4 percent, 13.9 percent, 6.2 percent and 5.0 percent compared with the control; the yield per mu, the yield per mu value, the average price and the smoke ratio of the T2 treatment are respectively improved by 3.0 percent, 11.4 percent, 9.5 percent and 9.1 percent compared with the control. The acre yield, acre yield value, average price and upper smoking proportion of T1 processed by Jingxi test field are respectively improved by 11.0%, 31.7%, 18.6% and 7.9% compared with the control; the yield per mu, the yield per mu value, the average price and the smoke ratio of the T2 treatment are respectively improved by 2.9 percent, 14.3 percent, 11.2 percent and 3.5 percent compared with the control.

Example 2

Based on the experimental conclusion obtained in example 1, large-scale field experiments were further performed in Jingxi, Longlin, Leye, Debao, Tianlin, and Hezhou, which are all in Guangxi, and the experimental method was the same as in example 1; get C₃F and B₂The tobacco leaves after grade F flue-curing are evaluated for smoking evaluation, and the results are shown in Table 6;

TABLE 6

Through two-site analysis, the effect of the biochar organic fertilizer is superior to that of a local organic fertilizer, and the economic property of the T1 tobacco special compound fertilizer and the aniseed biochar base fertilizer is the best.

The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.