阅读说明：本技术 一种高效生物质高温气化炉 (High-efficient living beings high temperature gasification stove ) 是由 唐凤金 邢学想 杨珂 陈延林 程正中 杨巍巍 黄凯 杨钦 魏喆 黄俊超 刘波 于 2021-01-14 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种高效生物质高温气化炉,整个气化炉炉体包括：气体滞留室、进料口、出气口和熔融物通道。本发明回收了壳体散失的热量从而提高了热效率,降低了能耗,尾气中合成气含量高、杂质少从而具有更高的热值及化学合成潜力,固废在熔融态实现了分层,使得其后续分离、回收率用更加简单、高效、环保。同时本气化炉运行成本低,原料适用范围广,废弃物排放量极低,应用前景广阔。(The invention discloses a high-efficiency biomass high-temperature gasification furnace, wherein the whole gasification furnace body comprises: a gas retention chamber, a feed inlet, a gas outlet, and a melt channel. The invention recovers the heat dissipated by the shell, thereby improving the thermal efficiency, reducing the energy consumption, having higher heat value and chemical synthesis potential due to high content of synthesis gas and less impurities in tail gas, and realizing layering of solid wastes in a molten state, so that the subsequent separation and recovery rate are simpler, more efficient and more environment-friendly. Meanwhile, the gasification furnace has low operation cost, wide raw material application range, extremely low waste discharge amount and wide application prospect.)

1. The utility model provides a high-efficient living beings high temperature gasification stove which characterized in that whole gasification stove furnace body includes: a gas retention chamber, a feed inlet, a gas outlet and a melt channel;

the gas detention chamber is used for detenting the gas generated after biomass gasification for 0.1-15 s, and fully cracking the gas into CO and H₂Then discharging the waste gas out of the furnace body;

the feed inlet is used for inputting biomass into the furnace body and carrying out high-temperature gasification;

the gas outlet is used for discharging gas generated after the biomass is decomposed at high temperature out of the furnace body;

the melt channel is used for discharging a melt generated after the biomass is decomposed at high temperature out of the furnace body after the melt flows homogenously.

2. The high-efficiency biomass high-temperature gasification furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: the feed inlet is arranged on the side surface of the gasifier body, and the height of the feed inlet is 2% -70% of the total height of the gasifier body from the bottom surface.

3. The high-efficiency biomass high-temperature gasification furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: the gas detention chamber is located between the feed inlet and the gas outlet.

4. The high-efficiency biomass high-temperature gasification furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the furnace body at the upper side and the lower side of the feed inlet is respectively and uniformly provided with a circle of burners extending into the furnace body.

5. The high-efficiency biomass high-temperature gasification furnace according to claim 4, characterized in that: the number of the burners per circle is 3-12.

6. The high-efficiency biomass high-temperature gasification furnace according to claim 4, characterized in that: the temperature of the burner at the upper side of the feed inlet is 500-2500 ℃; the temperature of the burner at the lower side of the feed inlet is 800-3000 ℃.

7. The high-efficiency biomass high-temperature gasification furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: the melt channel is positioned at the bottom of the furnace body and is horizontal or has an inclination angle of 1-30 degrees.

8. The high-efficiency biomass high-temperature gasification furnace according to claim 7, characterized in that: and burners extending into the channel are uniformly arranged above the melt channel, and the number of the burners is 3-32.

9. The high-efficiency biomass high-temperature gasification furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: the outer side of the furnace wall of the gasification furnace body is provided with a double wall, and a heat-conducting medium is filled between the furnace wall and the double wall.

10. The high-efficiency biomass high-temperature gasification furnace according to claim 9, characterized in that: the heat-conducting medium is water, carbon dioxide, air or nitrogen.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of biomass gasification, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency biomass high-temperature gasification furnace.

Background

With the development of modern life, the production amount of municipal waste such as household garbage, medical waste, municipal sludge and the like is increasing. At present, the main treatment modes in China are landfill and incineration, wherein the landfill occupies a large amount of land area and causes land pollution; the garbage incineration consumes a large amount of oxygen and inevitably generates secondary pollutants such as dioxin, so that the garbage incineration has the problem of scaling. The high-temperature gasification of the garbage is a new industrial technology, and the garbage is melted and gasified by using the high temperature generated by the added fuel, so that the defects are avoided.

However, the conventional high-temperature gasification furnace disclosed at present has many defects in heat recycling, tail gas control indexes and solid waste treatment modes, such as heat loss of the shell, low synthetic gas proportion in tail gas, direct discharge of solid waste and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a high-efficiency biomass high-temperature gasification furnace to overcome the defects of heat loss of shell loss, low synthetic gas proportion in tail gas and direct discharge of solid waste in the background art.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a high-efficient living beings high temperature gasification stove, whole gasification stove furnace body includes: a gas retention chamber, a feed inlet, a gas outlet and a melt channel;

the gas detention chamber is used for detenting the gas generated after biomass gasification for 0.1-15 s, and fully cracking the gas into CO and H₂Then discharging the waste gas out of the furnace body;

the feed inlet is used for inputting biomass into the furnace body and carrying out high-temperature gasification;

the gas outlet is used for discharging gas generated after the biomass is decomposed at high temperature out of the furnace body;

the melt channel is used for discharging a melt generated after the biomass is decomposed at high temperature out of the furnace body after the melt flows homogenously.

Further, the feed inlet is arranged on the side surface of the gasifier body, and the height of the feed inlet is 2% -70% of the total height of the gasifier body from the bottom surface.

Further, the gas retention chamber is located between the feed inlet and the gas outlet.

Furthermore, a circle of burner extending into the furnace body is uniformly arranged on the furnace body on the upper side and the lower side of the feed inlet.

Further, the number of the burners per circle is 3-32, preferably 4-30, and more preferably 5-20.

Further, the temperature of the burner at the upper side of the feed inlet is 500-2500 ℃, preferably 700-2300 ℃, and more preferably 900-2100 ℃; the temperature of the burner at the lower side of the feed inlet is 800-3000 ℃, preferably 1000-2600 ℃, and more preferably 1200-2400 ℃.

Furthermore, the melt channel is positioned at the bottom of the furnace body, and the channel is horizontal or has an inclination angle of 1-30 degrees.

Furthermore, burners extending into the channel are uniformly arranged above the melt channel.

Furthermore, a wall is arranged on the outer side of the furnace wall of the gasification furnace body, and a heat-conducting medium is filled between the furnace wall and the wall.

Further, the heat-conducting medium is water, carbon dioxide, air or nitrogen.

The high-temperature gasification furnace is completely wrapped by the interlayer wall, the heat which is directly lost originally is recycled in the form of water or steam, and the heated water or steam can be used for drying and heating the garbage raw materials and the like.

And a circle of burners are arranged above and below the feed inlet and are uniformly arranged on the circumference of the high-temperature gasification furnace, and each circle of burners consists of 3-32 burners, preferably 4-30 burners, and more preferably 5-20 burners. The feeding materials are melted and gasified quickly by high-temperature flame sprayed by the burners arranged above and below the feeding port. The temperature of the lower burner is 800-3000 ℃, preferably 1000-2600 ℃, and more preferably 1200-2400 ℃. The temperature of the upper burner is 500-2500 ℃, preferably 700-2300 ℃, more preferably 900-2100 ℃, and the ascending air flow of the lower burner is heated again to maintain the high temperature and reducing atmosphere of the upper space. The organic matters in the feed are broken and converted into CO and H in a reducing atmosphere₂、H₂O and CO₂Thereby increasing the content of the synthesis gas.

By arranging the gas detention chamber, the retention time of the tail gas is prolonged, and the residual organic gas is fully cracked into CO and H₂The content of the synthesis gas in the tail gas is greatly improved, and the content of pollutants in the tail gas is further reduced. The volume of the upper space is set so that the average residence time of the exhaust gas is 0.1 to 15 seconds, preferably 0.3 to 10 seconds, and more preferably 0.5 to 6 seconds.

The arrangement of the melt channel and the burner thereof enables the melt flowing out of the high-temperature gasification furnace to have enough time to flow and stratify at high temperature, so that minerals, metals and other substances in the melt are stratified, and finally the melt can be recycled efficiently through simple physical separation. The length of the melt channel is such that the mean residence time of the melt is between 30 and 1800s, preferably between 60 and 1000s, more preferably between 150 and 600 s.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the heat dissipated by the shell is recovered, so that the thermal efficiency is improved, the energy consumption is reduced, the content of synthesis gas in tail gas is high, impurities are few, so that the tail gas has higher heat value and chemical synthesis potential, and the solid waste is layered in a molten state, so that the subsequent separation and recovery rate are simpler, more efficient and more environment-friendly. Meanwhile, the gasification furnace has low operation cost, wide raw material application range, extremely low waste discharge amount and wide application prospect. Taking 400t/d and 16.0MJ/kg heat value municipal solid waste as an example:

1. the recycling heat power of the double-wall of the high-temperature gasification furnace can reach 12.5MW, and the energy consumption can be greatly saved after the comprehensive utilization;

2. conventional project syngas (CO + H)₂) The volume fraction in the outlet gas of the gasification furnace is below 50 percent, and after the method is adopted, the volume fraction can reach more than 70 percent;

3. after the invention is adopted, 2 to 5 percent of metals such as iron, zinc, manganese, copper and the like can be recovered from the solid waste, 60 to 80 percent of fused mass has excellent thermoplasticity, smooth appearance, color and hard texture, and can be used as a raw material of a handicraft, and the rest can be used as a building material.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of a high-efficiency high-temperature gasification furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical solutions better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only partial embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

It should be noted that the terms "comprises" and "comprising," and any variations thereof, in the description and claims of this application and the above-described drawings, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

As shown in fig. 1, the whole gasification furnace body comprises: a gas retention chamber 1, a feed inlet 2, a gas outlet 3 and a melt channel 4.

The feed inlet is arranged on the side surface of the gasification furnace body and used for inputting the biomass into the furnace body and carrying out high-temperature gasification. The height of the furnace body is 30 percent of the total height of the furnace body from the bottom surface, a circle of burners (5a, 5b) extending into the furnace body are uniformly arranged on the furnace body on the upper side and the lower side of the feed inlet, and the number of each circle of burners is 20. The temperature of the burner 5a at the upper side of the feed inlet is 2000 ℃; the temperature of the lower side burner 5b of the feed inlet was 1800 ℃.

The gas detention chamber is positioned between the feed inlet and the gas outlet, the volume of the gas detention chamber can retain the gas generated after biomass gasification for 10s, and the gas is fully cracked into CO and H₂And then discharged out of the furnace body. The gas outlet is used for discharging gas generated after the biomass is decomposed at high temperature out of the furnace body.

The melt channel is used for discharging a melt generated after the biomass is decomposed at high temperature out of the furnace body after the melt flows homogenously, the melt channel is positioned at the bottom of the furnace body, and the channel has an inclination angle of 1 degree. And burners 6 extending into the channel are uniformly arranged above the melt channel. The length of the melt channel is such that the average residence time of the melt is 1800 s.

The outer side of the furnace wall of the gasification furnace body is provided with a double wall 7, and water is filled between the furnace wall and the double wall.

The operation process of the gasification furnace is as follows: continuously feeding the pretreated waste into a feeding hole, melting and gasifying the waste under the action of a burner, and allowing the gas to flow into a post-treatment process from a gas outlet after the gas stays in a gas retention chamber; the melt flows into the melt channel and flows out after layering occurs during the flow. The burner gas is natural gas and oxygen, and the operating pressure is 0-0.05 MPaG.

The results obtained with 400t/d municipal waste (for compositional analysis see table 1) fed to the gasifier under the preferred operating conditions are shown in table 2.

TABLE 1 municipal waste analysis data

TABLE 2 municipal waste melt gasification products

The results obtained with 400t/d municipal sludge (for composition analysis see table 3) fed to the gasifier under the preferred operating conditions are shown in table 4.

TABLE 3 municipal sludge analysis data

TABLE 4 molten gasification products of municipal sludge

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.