Temperature control system of biomass gasification furnace
阅读说明：本技术 一种生物质气化炉温度控制系统 (Temperature control system of biomass gasification furnace ) 是由 郭兴奎 杨林 庞景文 何玺 肖炀 于 2021-02-03 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种生物质气化炉温度控制系统,属于自动化控制技术领域。用于解决生物质气化炉的温度控制较为复杂、温度响应较慢、难以做到精准控制的问题。本方法通过采集生物质气化炉不同反应区的温度及其变化率来实现气化炉温度的精准控制,并可通过HMI界面进行人工选择和调节,结构简单,具有灵活、快速、可靠、经济、自动化程度高的特点。(The invention provides a temperature control system of a biomass gasification furnace, belonging to the technical field of automatic control. The biomass gasification furnace temperature control device is used for solving the problems that the temperature control of the biomass gasification furnace is complex, the temperature response is slow, and the accurate control is difficult to achieve. The method realizes the accurate control of the temperature of the biomass gasification furnace by collecting the temperatures of different reaction areas of the biomass gasification furnace and the change rate of the temperatures, can perform manual selection and adjustment through an HMI interface, has a simple structure, and has the characteristics of flexibility, rapidness, reliability, economy and high degree of automation.)
1. A temperature control system of a biomass gasification furnace is characterized in that a thermocouple is respectively installed in an oxidation zone, a reduction zone and a thermal decomposition zone of the gasification furnace, a variable frequency blower is arranged at an air inlet of a furnace bottom, a temperature detection value acquired by the thermocouple is transmitted to a PLC controller through a temperature module of the PLC, and the PLC controller carries out logic control on temperature setting parameters transmitted through an HMI and a temperature value detected by the thermocouple.
2. The material level detection device of the organic matter gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein the functions contained in the HMI include fault alarm information, a real-time temperature curve, a historical temperature curve, a blower operation frequency and the like; the HMI also has a parameter setting function for manual/automatic selection, setting of a set temperature, an upper limit temperature, setting of an operation frequency, alarm resetting, and the like.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automatic control, in particular to a temperature control system of a biomass gasification furnace.
Background
Today, with the exhaustion of fossil fuels, clean, environment-friendly and low-cost renewable energy sources are an important direction for people to seek. The biomass gasification technology can meet the requirements of people, and the wood biomass raw material is subjected to pyrolysis, oxidation and reduction reactions in the gasification furnace under the action of air and water vapor, so that the high polymer of the biomass is finally converted into mixed gas mainly containing carbon monoxide, methane and hydrogen.
The temperature of each reaction zone in the biomass gasification furnace plays a decisive role in the gas production and the heat value of the finally generated biomass mixed gas. In the prior art, the temperature control of the biomass gasification furnace is complex, the temperature response is slow, and the precise control is difficult to achieve. In order to solve the above problems, it is an important subject of research by those skilled in the art to find a novel method for controlling the temperature of a biomass gasification furnace.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the prior art and provides the biomass gasifier temperature control system which is simple in structure, quick in response and high in precision.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
taking a fixed updraft type gasification furnace as an example, a thermocouple is respectively installed in an oxidation zone, a reduction zone and a thermal decomposition zone of the gasification furnace, a variable frequency blower is configured at an air inlet of a furnace bottom, and a temperature detection value acquired by the thermocouple is transmitted to a PLC controller through a temperature module of the PLC. When any 2 detected temperatures of the 3 reaction zones are higher than a set value, reducing the frequency of the blower; when any 2 of the detected temperatures in the 3 reaction zones are below the set point, the blower frequency is increased. The larger the difference between the detected temperature and the set temperature is, the larger the step length of the frequency change is, and vice versa. The system can display and control through the HMI, communicate with the PLC through the Ethernet communication mode, display real-time temperature and temperature curve, select manual control or automatic control, and modify set temperature.
A temperature control system of a biomass gasification furnace is characterized in that a thermocouple is respectively arranged in an oxidation zone, a reduction zone and a thermal decomposition zone of the gasification furnace, and a variable frequency blower is arranged at an air inlet at the bottom of the furnace. And the temperature detection value acquired by the thermocouple is transmitted to the PLC controller through a temperature module of the PLC. The PLC controller carries out logic control on the temperature setting parameters transmitted by the HMI and the temperature values detected by the thermocouples.
Functions contained in the HMI include fault alarm information, a real-time temperature curve, a historical temperature curve, the running frequency of a blower and the like; the HMI also has a parameter setting function for manual/automatic selection, setting of a set temperature, an upper limit temperature, setting of an operation frequency, alarm resetting, and the like.
Further, when the temperature T is detected in real time1、T2、T3Any one of them is higher than its upper limit value T1max、T2max、T3maxWhen the frequency is higher than the set frequency, the PLC reduces the frequency output; when detecting the temperature T in real time1、T2、T3Any 2 of them are higher than their set value T1N、T2N、T3NWhen the frequency is higher than the set frequency, the PLC reduces the frequency output; when detecting the temperature T in real time1、T2、T3Any 2 of them are lower than their set value T1N、T2N、T3NThe PLC controller increases the frequency output.
Further, since the oxidation zone is closest to the air inlet, its temperature change is most sensitive to changes in blower frequency, and the system takes T1As a reference value for the frequency change step, i.e.: t is1And T1NThe larger the difference of (A), the larger the step length of the frequency change, T1And T1NThe smaller the difference of (c) is, the smaller the step size of the frequency change is. By circulating the above steps, the temperature of the gasification furnace is gradually controlled to the set temperature.
Wherein: t is1、T2、T3Real-time temperatures measured by a thermocouple 101 in an oxidation zone, a thermocouple 102 in a reduction zone and a thermocouple 103 in a thermal decomposition zone;
further, T1N、T2N、T3NRespectively setting the temperatures of an oxidation zone, a reduction zone and a thermal decomposition zone, wherein 3 are determined by a large number of test results, and are the optimal solution of the maximum gas production rate and the maximum heat value of biomass gasification, and 3 can be modified by an HMI (human machine interface) to meet the requirements of different biomass fuels;
T1max、T2max、T3maxthe upper limit temperatures of the oxidation zone, the reduction zone and the thermal decomposition zone are determined by a large number of test results, and the upper limit temperature of the oxidation zone, the reduction zone and the thermal decomposition zone is the maximum temperature value under the normal reaction condition of biomass gasification, and the upper limit temperature of the oxidation zone, the reduction zone and the thermal decomposition zone can be modified by HMI (human machine interface) to meet the requirements of different biomass fuels.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a view showing the structure of a gasification furnace according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a control flow chart of the control system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A temperature control system of a biomass gasification furnace comprises: HMI display, a PLC controller, temperature detection, a temperature module, an output module, alarm output and an air fan;
the HMI display refers to a human-computer interface, generally a touch screen or an industrial personal computer, and communicates with the PLC controller in an Ethernet communication mode;
the PLC controller is a CPU of the PLC and is a brain of the whole control system. On one hand, the temperature control module communicates with an HMI (human machine interface), transmits the working state of equipment and related parameter settings, and on the other hand, processes input signals collected by the temperature module and controls the output module to output control signals after logical operation;
the temperature detection is a thermocouple 101, a thermocouple 102 and a thermocouple 103 which are respectively arranged in an oxidation zone, a reduction zone and a thermal decomposition zone and are shown in figure 1, are connected with the temperature module, are mainly used for measuring the temperature of the gasification furnace and transmit signals to the temperature module;
the temperature module is a component of the PLC equipment and is mainly used for detecting a temperature signal of the gasification furnace and transmitting the temperature signal to the PLC controller;
the alarm output is an indicator lamp and a buzzer, is connected with the output module, is mainly used for executing an output command of the output module and is used for displaying and prompting failure alarm information of the gasification furnace;
the output module is a component of the PLC equipment, is connected with a frequency converter of the air blower, can adjust the input frequency of the air blower according to an output instruction, and controls the temperature of the gasification furnace by adjusting the oxygen supply amount;
the air blower is a variable frequency blower 104 shown in fig. 1, and is connected with the output module to execute the output instruction of the output module.
As shown in fig. 2:
T1、T2、T3thermocouple 101 in the oxidation zone and thermocouple in the reduction zoneReal-time temperatures measured by the thermocouple 102 and the thermocouple 103 in the thermal decomposition area;
T1N、T2N、T3Nrespectively setting the temperatures of an oxidation zone, a reduction zone and a thermal decomposition zone, wherein 3 are determined by a large number of test results, and are the optimal solution of the maximum gas production rate and the maximum heat value of biomass gasification, and 3 can be modified by an HMI (human machine interface) to meet the requirements of different biomass fuels;
T1max、T2max、T3maxthe upper limit temperatures of the oxidation zone, the reduction zone and the thermal decomposition zone are determined by a large number of test results, and the upper limit temperature of the oxidation zone, the reduction zone and the thermal decomposition zone is the maximum temperature value under the normal reaction condition of biomass gasification, and the upper limit temperature of the oxidation zone, the reduction zone and the thermal decomposition zone can be modified by HMI (human machine interface) to meet the requirements of different biomass fuels.
The system is initialized firstly after the system is started, and the system can scan all input signals and initialize the PLC control program in the initialization process. The device status is then passed to the HMI display and the set parameters on the HMI are read for logic control to be performed later.
After initialization, an initial frequency is given and temperature closed-loop control is performed, wherein the temperature closed-loop control is mainly completed by temperature detection thermocouples 101, 102 and 103 and a variable frequency blower 104. The PLC controller carries out logic control on the temperature setting parameters transmitted by the HMI and the temperature values detected by the thermocouples. When detecting the temperature T in real time1、T2、T3Any one of them is higher than its upper limit value T1max、T2max、T3maxWhen the frequency is higher than the set frequency, the PLC reduces the frequency output; when detecting the temperature T in real time1、T2、T3Any 2 of them are higher than their set value T1N、T2N、T3NWhen the frequency is higher than the set frequency, the PLC reduces the frequency output; when detecting the temperature T in real time1、T2、T3Any 2 of them are lower than their set value T1N、T2N、T3NThe PLC controller increases the frequency output. Because the oxidation zone is closest to the air inlet, the temperature change is most sensitive to the influence of the frequency change of the blower, and the system takes T1As a step size of the frequency variationReference value, i.e. T1And T1NThe larger the difference of (A), the larger the step length of the frequency change, T1And T1NThe smaller the difference of (A) is, the smaller the step length of the frequency change is, and vice versa. By circulating the above steps, the temperature of the gasification furnace is gradually controlled to the set temperature.
Functions contained in the HMI include fault alarm information, a real-time temperature curve, a historical temperature curve, the running frequency of a blower and the like; the HMI also has a parameter setting function for manual/automatic selection, setting of a set temperature, an upper limit temperature, setting of an operation frequency, alarm resetting, and the like.
It should be noted that the above contents are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and do not limit the protection scope of the present invention. The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the specific embodiments thereof, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
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