阅读说明：本技术 集成有oled灯的遮光罩 (Light shield integrated with OLED lamp ) 是由 冯志祥 范瑞杰 朱忠彬 周洋 曾艺 于 2020-12-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种集成有OLED灯的遮光罩,遮光罩应用于飞行器。遮光罩包括：遮光罩本体；OLED灯。其中OLED灯安装在遮光罩本体的朝下的一侧从而使得OLED灯发出的光能够投向遮光罩的下方区域。根据本发明,集成有OLED灯的遮光罩一方面能够防止飞机外部光线直接照射在飞机仪表和显示屏上,避免对飞行员造成眩光,另一方面OLED灯又能够在飞行员需要照明时提供优质光源。并且,OLED灯可以具有多种亮度控制模式,既可以手动控制又可以自动控制,在自动控制模式下,OLED灯能够自适应于外部光线变化,根据外部环境而自动地调节亮度,以智能地为飞行员提供适宜的照明。(The invention relates to a light shield integrated with an OLED lamp, which is applied to an aircraft. The light shield includes: a lens hood body; an OLED lamp. Wherein the OLED lamp is arranged on the downward side of the light shield body, so that the light emitted by the OLED lamp can be projected to the lower area of the light shield. According to the invention, the light shield integrated with the OLED lamp can prevent the external light of the airplane from directly irradiating on the airplane instrument and the display screen, so as to avoid glare to a pilot, and the OLED lamp can provide a high-quality light source when the pilot needs to illuminate. And the OLED lamp can have a plurality of brightness control modes, can be controlled manually or automatically, and can be self-adaptive to external light change in the automatic control mode, and the brightness can be automatically adjusted according to the external environment so as to intelligently provide proper illumination for a pilot.)

1. A light shield integrated with an OLED lamp, the light shield being for use in an aircraft, the light shield comprising:

a lens hood body (1);

an OLED lamp (6), the OLED lamp (6) being mounted on a downwardly facing surface of the light shield body (1) such that light emitted by the OLED lamp (6) can be directed towards a lower region (7) of the light shield.

2. A light shield according to claim 1, further comprising a manual switch arranged at a portion of the light shield body that is visible and convenient for a pilot and configured to enable the pilot to manually adjust the brightness of the OLED lamp (6).

3. A light shield according to claim 2, characterized in that a side of the light shield facing away from the pilot is provided with a light sensor (8, 9), which light sensor (8, 9) is configured to be able to sense the light intensity of the surroundings.

4. The light shield of claim 3, further comprising: a PCB board electrically connected with the manual switch and the light sensor, and configured to be capable of receiving signals from the manual switch and the light sensor (8, 9), and to control the OLED lamp (6) to be turned on and off and to automatically adjust the brightness of the OLED lamp (6) based on the received signals.

5. A light shield according to claim 4, characterized in that the PCB board is configured to enable a positive correlation of the brightness of the OLED lamp (6) with the change of the ambient brightness sensed by the light sensors (8, 9).

6. A light shield according to claim 4, characterized in that the light shield further comprises a display device (3, 4), the display device (3, 4) being arranged at a location of the light shield body (1) that can be observed and operated easily by a pilot and being electrically connected to the PCB board, the display device (3, 4) being configured to be able to display to the pilot the ON, OFF state and the degree of brightness of the OLED light (6).

7. A light shield according to claim 2, characterized in that the manual switch comprises an ON/OFF mode changeover switch (2, 5) and a brightness adjustment switch which is integrated ON the display device (3, 4) so that the pilot can adjust the brightness of the OLED lamp (6) by pushing the display device along the light shield body (1).

8. A light shield according to claim 7, characterized in that the ON/OFF mode switch (2, 3) is configured to be simultaneously operable as a control mode switch, so that switching of the ON state and the OFF state of the OLED lamp (6) is enabled when it is pressed for a long time; and when the OLED lamp (6) is in an ON state and the ON/OFF mode changeover switches (2, 3) are short-pressed, switching between a manual control mode and an automatic control mode can be realized.

9. A light shield according to claim 1, characterized in that the light shield body (1) is ergonomically constructed as an elongated member having an arc-shaped section bent downwards at both ends.

10. A light shield according to claim 9, characterized in that the OLED lamp (6) is arranged on the bottom surface of the intermediate portion of the elongated member.

11. A light shield according to claim 9, characterized in that said display means (3, 4) are two, two of said display means (3, 4) being located on either side of said OLED lamp (6) along the length of said elongated member.

12. A light shield according to claim 11, characterized in that the light shield comprises two ON/OFF mode switches (2, 5), each of which is arranged in pairs with a display device ON the same side.

13. A light shield according to claim 9, characterized in that a recess is provided on the bottom surface of the intermediate portion of the light shield body (1), the OLED lamp (6) having a flat-like structure and being mountable in the recess such that the outer surface of the OLED lamp (6) is flush with the surface of the light shield body (1) adjacent thereto.

14. A light shield according to claim 1, characterized in that the OLED lamp (6) comprises:

a substrate directly connected to the light shield body;

a metal cathode, an organic light emitting layer and an anode ITO layer sequentially disposed on the bottom surface of the substrate;

the packaging layer is arranged on the bottom surface of the anode ITO layer; and

the packaging layer comprises an outer film layer arranged on the bottom surface of the packaging layer, and an adhesive is arranged between the outer film layer and the packaging layer.

15. A light shield according to claim 1, characterized in that the OLED lamp (6) is detachably mounted on the light shield body (1) by means of fasteners.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a light shield integrated with an OLED lamp.

Background

The cockpit of the existing civil aircraft follows the design concept of a quiet and dark cockpit, and the interior of the cockpit is in a dark environment when all systems of the aircraft are in a normal working state. If a brighter light source exists in the cockpit when the airplane is in night flight, the visual comfort of the pilot is obviously influenced by the light and shade adaptation process when the sight of the pilot is switched between the inside and the outside of the cockpit. Meanwhile, the light environment design inside the cockpit also ensures that a pilot can be quickly and accurately positioned to a target operation area or a control device for operation.

The typical arrangement mode of current civil aircraft's cockpit is the overall arrangement of "T" font, and wherein pilot's eye position dead ahead can be provided with the lens hood, and flight mode control panel, display panel, some and flight control closely relevant equipment device such as warning indicator, the effect of lens hood prevents that aircraft outside light from directly shining on aircraft instrument and display screen, causes the glare for the pilot. Meanwhile, a floodlighting device is also arranged in the cabin body generally, and floodlighting is also used as an important means for improving the lighting safety margin of the airplane.

The control devices in the area of the light shield are relatively important for the flight safety. If the arrangement of the light shield is not reasonable, visual discomfort can be caused to the pilot during key phases such as take-off and landing, and a great safety hazard can exist. And thus this region requires excellent design quality. Moreover, if the floodlight is additionally arranged in the area, the problem that the thickness of the floodlight is too large to block a pilot from seeing the control part below the light shield is easily caused.

Therefore, there is a need to provide a light shield integrated with an OLED lamp to at least partially solve the above problems.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a light shield integrated with an OLED lamp. The integrated lens hood that has the OLED lamp can prevent on the one hand that aircraft outside light from directly shining on aircraft instrument and display screen, avoids causing the glare to the pilot, and on the other hand the OLED lamp can provide high-quality light source when the pilot needs the illumination again. And the OLED lamp can have a plurality of control modes, not only can be manually controlled, but also can be automatically controlled, and in the automatic control mode, the OLED lamp can be self-adaptive to the change of external light, and the brightness can be automatically adjusted according to the external environment so as to intelligently provide proper illumination for a pilot.

The OLED is particularly selected as the lighting device for the aircraft cockpit, and the OLED is used as a new lighting mode, so that the LED has the characteristics of flexibility, small weight, ultrathin property, ultralight property, low cost, no visual angle limitation, wide working temperature range and the like, and has incomparable advantages compared with the traditional light source. The soft surface light source OLED is used for illuminating the light shield area, higher illumination quality can be provided, the process is simple to realize, the characteristics of the OLED meet the requirements of aeronautical equipment on weight and natural environment tests (temperature, vibration and the like), and the OLED is an ideal cockpit illumination light source.

According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a light shield integrated with an OLED lamp, the light shield being applied to an aircraft, the light shield comprising: a lens hood body; an OLED lamp. The OLED lamp is arranged on the downward side of the light shield body, so that light emitted by the OLED lamp can be projected to the lower area of the light shield.

According to this scheme, the integrated lens hood that has the OLED lamp can prevent on the one hand that the outside light of aircraft from directly shining on aircraft instrument and display screen, avoids causing the glare to the pilot, and on the other hand OLED lamp can provide high-quality light source when the pilot needs the illumination again.

In one embodiment, the light shield further comprises a manual switch disposed at a portion of the light shield body that is viewable and accessible by a pilot and configured to enable the pilot to manually adjust the OLED light brightness.

According to the scheme, a mode capable of manually adjusting the brightness of the OLED lamp is provided.

In one embodiment, a side of the light shield facing away from the pilot is provided with a light sensor configured to be able to sense the light intensity of the external environment.

According to the scheme, the mode capable of automatically adjusting the brightness of the OLED lamp is further provided, the OLED lamp can be self-adaptive to external light changes, the brightness is automatically adjusted according to the external environment, and suitable illumination is intelligently provided for a pilot.

In one embodiment, the light shield further comprises: the PCB board is electrically connected with the manual switch and the optical sensor, and is configured to receive signals from the manual switch and the optical sensor, control the OLED lamp to be turned on and off based on the received signals, and automatically adjust the brightness of the OLED lamp.

According to the scheme, the PCB is arranged, so that two adjusting modes of the OLED lamp can be realized conveniently.

In one embodiment, the PCB board is configured to enable the brightness of the OLED lamp to change in positive correlation with the change in the ambient brightness sensed by the light sensor.

According to the scheme, when the external light is strong, the OLED lamp can correspondingly provide strong light for a pilot; the OLED lamp can correspondingly provide the pilot with a weak light when the external light is weak, so that the pilot's line of sight does not cause discomfort when switching between inside and outside the cockpit.

In one embodiment, the light shield further comprises a display device disposed at a portion of the light shield body that can be observed and operated conveniently by a pilot and electrically connected to the PCB board, the display device being configured to externally display on and off states and brightness levels of the OLED lamp.

According to the scheme, the display device can visually feed back various state parameters of the OLED lamp, so that a pilot can conveniently know and carry out the next operation.

In one embodiment, the manual switch includes an ON/OFF mode switch and a brightness adjustment switch that is integrally integrated ON the display device so that a pilot can push the display device to adjust the brightness of the OLED lamp.

According to the scheme, the mode for manually adjusting the brightness of the OLED lamp is convenient, easy to achieve and simple to assemble.

In one embodiment, the ON/OFF mode switch is configured to be simultaneously operable as a control mode switch such that switching between an ON state and an OFF state of the OLED lamp is enabled when it is pressed for a long time; and when the OLED lamp is in an ON state and the ON/OFF mode switch is short-pressed, switching between a manual control mode and an automatic control mode can be realized.

According to the scheme, the ON/OFF mode change-over switch and the control mode change-over switch are integrated, so that the space can be saved, and the pilot operation can be facilitated.

In one embodiment, the light shield body is ergonomically configured as an elongated member having two downwardly bent arcuate segments at each end.

According to this scheme, this design of lens hood can block optic fibre effectively, avoids the pilot dizzy.

In one embodiment, the OLED lamp is disposed on a bottom surface of the intermediate portion of the elongated member.

According to this scheme, OLED lamp sets up between two parties and can provide even luminous intensity for the pilot.

In one embodiment, the number of the display devices is two, and the two display devices are located at both sides of the OLED lamp along the length direction of the elongated member.

In one embodiment, the light shield includes two ON/OFF mode switches, each of which is provided in a pair with the display device ON the same side.

According to the two schemes, the pilot can select and operate the manual switch according to actual requirements and select and observe a more appropriate display device conveniently.

In one embodiment, a recess is provided on a bottom surface of the intermediate portion of the light shield body, and the OLED lamp has a flat-like structure and can be mounted in the recess such that an outer surface of the OLED lamp is flush with a surface of the light shield adjacent thereto.

According to this scheme, the whole aesthetic property that has of lens hood to the OLED lamp is not outstanding in the lens hood body, can avoid the OLED lamp to be collided with and damage.

In one embodiment, the OLED lamp includes:

a substrate directly connected to the light shield body;

a metal cathode, an organic light emitting layer and an anode ITO layer sequentially disposed on the bottom surface of the substrate;

the packaging layer is arranged on the bottom surface of the anode ITO layer; and

the packaging layer comprises an outer film layer arranged on the bottom surface of the packaging layer, and an adhesive is arranged between the outer film layer and the packaging layer.

The scheme provides a more specific arrangement mode of the OLED lamp. Because the requirement of the brightness peak value required by the lighting requirement of the light shield is lower, and only one side is required to emit light, the metal cathode layer with lower process requirement and lower cost can be adopted, the flexibility of the OLED lamp can be increased, the reflectivity of the backlight surface can be increased, and the light emitting efficiency is improved. The OLED light-emitting layer is externally packaged by adopting a film packaging process, so that the lamp is not influenced by external water vapor, oxygen, dust and the like, and the service life and the reliability can be prolonged.

In one embodiment, the OLED lamp is removably mounted to the light shield body by fasteners.

According to this scheme, adopt detachable OLED lamps and lanterns can promote the maintainability of lens hood.

Drawings

For a better understanding of the above and other objects, features, advantages and functions of the present invention, reference should be made to the preferred embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Like reference numerals in the drawings refer to like parts. It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the drawings are intended to illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention without any limiting effect on the scope of the invention, and that the various components in the drawings are not drawn to scale.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a light shield according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the light shield of FIG. 1 from another perspective;

FIG. 3A is a display interface of the display device in the manual adjustment mode according to the embodiment;

FIG. 3B is a diagram illustrating a display interface of the display device in the automatic control mode according to the embodiment;

fig. 4 is a schematic view of the structure and electrical connection relationship of part of the components of the light shield in this embodiment.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. What has been described herein is merely a preferred embodiment in accordance with the present invention and other ways of practicing the invention will occur to those skilled in the art and are within the scope of the invention.

The invention provides a light shield for a civil aircraft. Fig. 1-4 show a preferred embodiment according to the present invention.

Referring first to fig. 1, a light shield is integrated with an OLED lamp. Specifically, the light shield includes a light shield body 1 and an OLED lamp 6. The OLED lamp 6 is mounted on the light shield body 1 by means of fasteners and is located on the downward facing side of the light shield body 1 such that light emitted by the OLED lamp 6 is directed towards the lower region 7 of the light shield. The arrows in fig. 1 show the projection direction of the light of the OLED lamp 6. The integrated lens hood that has OLED lamp 6 is used for installing in the pilot's of cockpit preceding top, and the lens hood can prevent on the one hand that aircraft outside light from directly shining on aircraft instrument and display screen, avoids causing the glare to the pilot, and on the other hand OLED lamp 6 can provide high-quality light source again when the pilot needs the illumination. The light shield also includes a PCB board for controlling turning on and off the OLED lamp 6 and for controlling adjusting the brightness of the OLED lamp 6.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, two manual switches, a left manual switch and a right manual switch, are provided on the light shield. The manual switch is arranged on one side of the light shield body 1 convenient for a pilot to observe and operate and is configured to enable the pilot to manually adjust the brightness of the OLED lamp 6. The side of the light shield body 1 that is convenient for the pilot to observe and operate can be understood as the side facing the pilot, for example: when the light shield has both an inner wall close to the pilot and an outer wall remote from the pilot, the manual switch may be located on the surface of the inner wall facing the pilot; when the light shield does not have an inner wall, the manual switch may be located on the inner surface of the outer wall; alternatively, as shown in this embodiment, when the light shield does not have an inner wall, the manual switch may be located at the inner end of the top wall.

The left hand switch also comprises a left ON/OFF mode switch 2 and a left brightness adjusting switch, and the right hand switch also comprises a right ON/OFF mode switch 5 and a right brightness adjusting switch. The left and right ON/OFF mode changeover switches 2 and 5 can be operated to turn ON or OFF the OLED lamp 6.

Referring to fig. 2, the side of the light shield facing away from the pilot is provided with two light sensors, a left light sensor 8 and a right light sensor 9, which are configured for sensing the light intensity of the external environment. Such an arrangement enables the OLED lamp 6 to adapt to external light changes, automatically adjusting the brightness according to the external environment, to intelligently provide the pilot with a suitable illumination.

Preferably, the PCB board is configured to enable the brightness of the OLED lamp 6 to be positively correlated with the change in the ambient brightness sensed by the light sensor. For example, when the external light is strong, the OLED lamp 6 can correspondingly provide the pilot with a strong light; the OLED lamp 6 can correspondingly provide the pilot with a weak light when the external light is weak, so that the pilot's line of sight does not cause discomfort when switching between inside and outside the cockpit.

More preferably, the left side ON/OFF mode changeover switch 2, the right side ON/OFF mode changeover switch 5 are configured to be able to function as control mode changeover switches at the same time so that the switching of the ON state and the OFF state of the OLED lamp 6 is effected when they are pressed for a long time; the switching between the manual control mode and the automatic control mode is effected when the OLED lamp 6 is in an ON state and the ON/OFF mode changeover switch is short-pressed. The ON/OFF mode change-over switch and the control mode change-over switch are integrated, so that the space can be saved, and the pilot can operate conveniently.

With continued reference to fig. 1 and 2, the light-shielding hood further includes two display devices, a left display device 3 and a right display device 4, which are disposed on a side of the light-shielding hood body 1 convenient for a pilot to observe and operate and are electrically connected to the PCB board, and the display devices are configured to externally show the on and off states and the brightness degree of the OLED lamp 6. Preferably, the left brightness adjustment switch is integrated with the left display device 3; the right-side brightness adjustment switch is integrated with the right-side display device 4. Each display device is configured to be controllable by a pilot to slide on the shade body 1 to adjust the brightness of the OLED lamp 6. The device is convenient, easy to realize and simple to assemble.

A possible interface of the display device is shown in fig. 3A and 3B. Fig. 3A is an interface that may appear on the display device when the OLED lamp 6 is in the manual control mode, and a 50% progress bar-like representation in fig. 3A can reflect the current brightness. Fig. 3B is an interface that may appear on the display device when the OLED lamp 6 is in the automatic control mode, and unlike fig. 3A, AUTO is shown in fig. 3B to reflect the current automatic control state. That is, the pilot can judge the current control mode according to whether the AUTO character is displayed on the display device, and can read the current brightness level of the OLED lamp 6 in the display mode.

There are also some preferred arrangements for the structure of the light shield. For example, referring to fig. 1 and 2, the light shield body 1 is configured as an elongated member having an ergonomically designed configuration with two ends of a downwardly bent arc-shaped segment structure. This design of lens hood body can block optic fibre effectively, avoids the pilot vertigo. The OLED lamp 6 is disposed on the bottom surface of the elongated member at the middle position thereof and can provide uniform light intensity to the pilot.

Preferably, the left and right display devices 3 and 4 are located at both sides of the OLED lamp 6 along the length direction of the elongated member. The left and right ON/OFF mode changeover switches 2 and 5 are provided in pairs with the display devices ON the same side, respectively. The arrangement is convenient for a pilot to select and operate the manual switch according to actual requirements and select and observe a more appropriate display device.

The light shield body 1 is provided with a flat concave part, the OLED lamp 6 is of a flat structure and is arranged in the concave part, and the outer surface of the OLED lamp 6 is flush with the outer surface of the light shield adjacent to the outer surface of the OLED lamp. Such setting not only makes the whole better aesthetic property that has of lens hood to OLED lamp 6 does not stand out in lens hood body 1, can avoid OLED lamp 6 to be collided with and damage.

The OLED lamp 6 itself may also have a preferred arrangement. For example, referring to fig. 4, the OLED lamp 6 includes: a substrate directly connected to the light shield body 1; a metal cathode, an organic light emitting layer and an anode ITO layer sequentially disposed on the bottom surface of the substrate; the packaging layer is arranged on the bottom surface of the anode ITO layer; and the outer film layer is arranged on the bottom surface of the packaging layer, and an adhesive is arranged between the outer film layer and the packaging layer. Because the requirement of the brightness peak value required by the lighting requirement of the invention is lower, and only one side is required to emit light, the metal cathode layer with lower process requirement and cost can be adopted, thereby not only increasing the flexibility of the OLED lamp, but also increasing the reflectivity of the backlight surface and improving the luminous efficiency. The OLED light-emitting layer is externally packaged by a thin film packaging process, so that the lamp is not influenced by external water vapor, oxygen, dust and the like, the service life and the reliability can be prolonged, the thickness of the lamp is reduced, and the final thickness of the light shield is ensured to be smaller.

The OLED lamp 6 with the arrangement has the characteristics of flexibility, small weight, ultrathin property, ultralight property, low cost, no visual angle limitation, wide working temperature range and the like, and has incomparable advantages compared with the traditional light source. The soft surface light source OLED is used for illuminating the light shield area, higher illumination quality can be provided, the process is simple to realize, the characteristics of the OLED meet the requirements of aeronautical equipment on weight and natural environment tests (temperature, vibration and the like), and the OLED is an ideal cockpit illumination light source.

In summary, and with continued reference to fig. 4, it can be understood that the brightness of the OLED lamp 6 of the light shield in the present embodiment has two control modes — a manual control mode and an automatic control mode. Wherein the switching ON and OFF of the OLED lamp 6 can be manually controlled (for example by a long press of the left-hand ON/OFF mode changeover switch 2 or the right-hand ON/OFF mode changeover switch 5), and the control mode of the OLED lamp 6 can also be manually switched (for example by a short press of the left-hand ON/OFF mode changeover switch 2 or the right-hand ON/OFF mode changeover switch 5). In the manual mode, the brightness of the OLED lamp 6 is manually adjusted (by toggling the left display device 3 or the right display device 4); in the automatic mode, the brightness of the OLED lamp 6 can be automatically adjusted according to the ambient illuminance sensed by the first and second sensors (i.e., the left and right sensors 8 and 9).

According to the scheme provided by the invention, the light shield integrated with the OLED lamp 6 can prevent the external light of the airplane from directly irradiating on the airplane instrument and the display screen, so as to avoid glare to the pilot, and on the other hand, the OLED lamp 6 can provide a high-quality light source when the pilot needs to illuminate. Moreover, the OLED lamp 6 may have a plurality of control modes, which may be controlled manually or automatically, and in the automatic control mode, the OLED lamp 6 may be adaptive to external light changes, and automatically adjust brightness according to an external environment, so as to intelligently provide a pilot with appropriate lighting.

The OLED is particularly selected as the lighting device for the aircraft cockpit, and the OLED is used as a new lighting mode, so that the LED has the characteristics of flexibility, small weight, ultrathin property, ultralight property, low cost, no visual angle limitation, wide working temperature range and the like, and has incomparable advantages compared with the traditional light source. The soft surface light source OLED is used for illuminating the light shield area, higher illumination quality can be provided, the process is simple to realize, the characteristics of the OLED meet the requirements of aeronautical equipment on weight and natural environment tests (temperature, vibration and the like), and the OLED is an ideal cockpit illumination light source.

According to the description, the novel area light source OLED close to natural light is adopted to illuminate the region of the airplane hood, so that the illumination quality can be improved, and an excellent cabin light environment can be created; the invention adopts the flexible and flexible OLED light source which can adapt to the shapes of the light shields in various shapes; the invention adopts the ultra-light and ultra-thin OLED light source, so that the thickness of the light shield is not additionally increased, the visual field of a pilot is not influenced, and the weight of the light shield is not increased; the maintenance performance of the light shield can be improved by adopting the detachable OLED lamp; the invention adopts the brightness sensor to realize the automatic dimming of the area, thereby reducing the operation burden of the unit; the invention adopts the control and display device of the OLED touch switch, and keeps the silent mode, thereby improving the darkness quality of the airplane.

The foregoing description of various embodiments of the invention is provided for the purpose of illustration to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art. It is not intended that the invention be limited to a single disclosed embodiment. As above, many alternatives and modifications of the present invention will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the above teachings. Thus, while some alternative embodiments are specifically described, other embodiments will be apparent to, or relatively easily developed by, those of ordinary skill in the art. The present invention is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variances of the present invention described herein, as well as other embodiments that fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention as described above.