阅读说明：本技术 一种适用于极地海域的船用氨制冷系统的冷凝装置 (Condensing device of marine ammonia refrigerating system suitable for polar region sea area ) 是由 隋闯 黄陈娟 曾庆坚 于 2021-02-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及船用制冷设备领域,尤指一种适用于极地海域的船用氨制冷系统的冷凝装置,包含外循环系统和内循环系统,还包含海水冷却器、氨冷凝器和油冷却器,所述外循环系统连接所述海水冷却器的海水侧,所述海水冷却器的淡水侧连接所述内循环系统,所述内循环系统还分别连接所述氨冷凝器和油冷却器,通过所述外循环系统和所述内循环系统实现所述氨冷凝器和所述油冷却器的间接换热,通过设有内循环系统和外循环系统,以间接冷却的方式,能够确保氨制冷系统在极地工作时冷凝温度不至于过低并相对稳定,同时,将海水与直接冷凝冷却设备进行隔离,有效防止海水对设备的腐蚀,并减低设备成本。(The invention relates to the field of marine refrigeration equipment, in particular to a condensing device of a marine ammonia refrigeration system suitable for polar regions, which comprises an external circulation system, an internal circulation system, a seawater cooler, an ammonia condenser and an oil cooler, wherein the external circulation system is connected with the seawater side of the seawater cooler, the fresh water side of the seawater cooler is connected with the internal circulation system, the internal circulation system is also respectively connected with the ammonia condenser and the oil cooler, indirect heat exchange between the ammonia condenser and the oil cooler is realized through the external circulation system and the internal circulation system, the internal circulation system and the external circulation system are arranged, and an indirect cooling mode is adopted, so that the condensing temperature of the ammonia refrigeration system can be ensured not to be too low and be relatively stable when the ammonia refrigeration system works in the polar regions, and meanwhile, seawater is isolated from direct condensation cooling equipment, thereby effectively preventing the seawater from corroding the equipment, and reduce the equipment cost.)

1. A condensing unit suitable for a marine ammonia refrigerating system in polar sea areas is characterized in that: contain outer circulation system and inner circulating system, still contain sea water cooler, ammonia condenser and oil cooler, outer circulation system connects the sea water side of sea water cooler, the fresh water side of sea water cooler is connected inner circulating system, inner circulating system still connects respectively ammonia condenser and oil cooler, through outer circulation system with inner circulating system realizes the ammonia condenser with the indirect heat transfer of oil cooler.

2. The condensing unit of claim 1, wherein said condensing unit comprises: the external circulation system also comprises a filter and a cooling water pump, and seawater flows through the filter and the cooling water pump in sequence through a seawater inlet pipe, flows into the seawater side of the seawater cooler and finally flows out of the seawater cooler.

3. The condensing unit of claim 1, wherein said condensing unit comprises: the internal circulation system also comprises a damper and a circulating water pump, fresh water flows out from the fresh water side of the seawater cooler, sequentially passes through the damper and the circulating water pump, then respectively flows into the ammonia condenser and the oil cooler, and finally flows back to the seawater cooler.

4. The condensing unit of claim 3, adapted for use in a marine ammonia refrigeration system for polar regions of the sea, wherein: the inner circulation system further comprises an exhaust valve and a water replenishing valve, the water replenishing valve is arranged at the water inlet of the circulating water pump, and the exhaust valve is arranged at the lowest position of the inner circulation system.

5. The condensing unit of claim 3, adapted for use in a marine ammonia refrigeration system for polar regions of the sea, wherein: the damper is a diaphragm type pulse damper, the damper is respectively arranged at the water inlet and the water outlet of the circulating water pump, and the damper can be replaced by an expansion water tank.

6. The condensing unit of claim 1, wherein said condensing unit comprises: the seawater cooler adopts a deep groove heat exchanger made of a titanium plate.

7. The condensing unit of claim 1, wherein said condensing unit comprises: the ammonia condenser adopts a stainless steel plate type heat exchanger, the oil cooler adopts a shell and tube type heat exchanger, and a seamless steel tube made of carbon steel is adopted in a tube pass.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of marine refrigeration equipment, in particular to a condensing device of a marine ammonia refrigeration system suitable for polar regions.

Background

In the refrigeration system, the condensation temperature is related to the temperature and flow rate of the cooling medium, the form and cooling area of the condenser, and the like. The condensation temperature is not too high or too low, namely the temperature of a cooling medium and the like must be controlled within a reasonable range, when the temperature of cooling water is too low, the high pressure is easy to be too low, and simultaneously the low pressure is caused to be too low, and low-pressure alarm is possible to occur; the excessive condensation temperature caused by the too low cooling water temperature easily leads to the reduction of the high-low pressure difference of the system, the capability of overcoming the resistance of the throttling device is reduced, finally the circulation flow of the system refrigerant is reduced, the refrigerating capacity is reduced, and meanwhile, the oil supply is difficult due to the fact that some compressors supply oil by the pressure difference.

In polar regions, the temperature of seawater is almost 0-1 ℃ throughout the year, if seawater is directly used for cooling a refrigerant, the problem of a refrigeration system is easily caused, meanwhile, seawater is relatively fresh water, the corrosion is strong, the requirement on equipment materials is high, particularly in an ammonia refrigeration system, in order to avoid serious consequences caused by ammonia leakage caused by equipment corrosion, a condenser in the ammonia refrigeration system is generally in a shell-and-tube mode, a tube pass is made of titanium, and the shell-and-tube type condenser of the titanium tube is expensive, so a condensing device with low cost and difficulty in damaging the equipment is needed.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a condensing device of a marine ammonia refrigeration system suitable for polar sea areas, which is provided with an internal circulation system and an external circulation system, and isolates seawater from direct condensation cooling equipment in an indirect cooling mode, thereby effectively preventing the seawater from corroding the equipment and ensuring that the condensation temperature is not too low.

Another object of the present invention is to reduce the cost of the equipment while preventing the corrosion of the ammonia condensing equipment by seawater.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the condensing device comprises an outer circulation system, an inner circulation system, a seawater cooler, an ammonia condenser and an oil cooler, wherein the outer circulation system is connected with the seawater side of the seawater cooler, the fresh water side of the seawater cooler is connected with the inner circulation system, the inner circulation system is connected with the ammonia condenser and the oil cooler respectively, and indirect heat exchange between the ammonia condenser and the oil cooler is realized through the outer circulation system and the inner circulation system.

The outer circulation system is connected with seawater, the inner circulation system adopts fresh water circulation, and the fresh water in the inner circulation system and the seawater in the outer circulation system exchange heat through the seawater cooler, so that the fresh water in the inner circulation system can be recycled; the ammonia condenser is used for cooling and condensing ammonia gas in the refrigeration system into liquid ammonia, and then refluxing the liquid ammonia to the refrigeration system for use; the oil cooler cools and reflows the refrigeration oil of the cooling equipment in the refrigeration system for use; through the internal circulation system realizes indirect cooling, effectively prevents the sea water to ammonia condensation and the corruption of oil cooling equipment.

Furthermore, the external circulation system also comprises a filter and a cooling water pump, and seawater flows through the filter and the cooling water pump in sequence through a seawater inlet pipe, flows into the seawater side of the seawater cooler and finally flows out of the seawater cooler.

The filter is used for filtering impurities in seawater and preventing the impurities from blocking a pipeline, the seawater is pumped into the external circulation system through the cooling water pump, a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe of the external circulation system are respectively connected with the seawater side of the seawater cooler through flanges, the seawater entering the seawater cooler flows back to the sea after heat exchange, and the process only has heat change and cannot harm the environment.

Furthermore, the internal circulation system also comprises a damper and a circulating water pump, fresh water flows out from the fresh water side of the seawater cooler, sequentially passes through the damper and the circulating water pump, then respectively flows into the ammonia condenser and the oil cooler, and finally flows back to the seawater cooler.

Fresh water is adopted in the internal circulation system for heat exchange, so that the corrosion of seawater to equipment is effectively prevented; the volume difference caused by the change of the temperature difference of the cooling water is balanced by the change of the volume of the air chamber of the damper, and the effect of smoothing the pulsation of the pipeline is achieved; the circulating water pump provides power for the fresh water in the internal circulating system to push the fresh water to flow in the pipeline.

Furthermore, the internal circulation system also comprises an exhaust valve and a water supplementing valve, the water supplementing valve is arranged at the water inlet of the circulating water pump, and the exhaust valve is arranged at the lowest position of the internal circulation system.

The emptying valve is used for discharging the fresh water in the internal circulation system, and the water replenishing valve is used for replenishing the fresh water in the internal circulation system.

Furthermore, the damper adopts a diaphragm type pulse damper, the damper is respectively arranged at the water inlet and the water outlet of the circulating water pump, and the damper can be replaced by an expansion water tank.

Furthermore, the seawater cooler adopts a deep groove heat exchanger made of a titanium plate.

The deep groove heat exchanger can effectively prevent tiny foreign matters in seawater from entering the heat exchanger to cause blockage, and the titanium plate has strong corrosion resistance in the seawater, so that the service life of the seawater cooler can be effectively prolonged by adopting the titanium plate.

Furthermore, the ammonia condenser adopts an SUS304 stainless steel plate type heat exchanger, the oil cooler adopts a shell and tube type heat exchanger, and a seamless steel tube made of carbon steel is adopted in a tube pass.

The ammonia condenser with the oil cooler adopts stainless steel plate formula heat exchanger and shell and tube can greatly reduced equipment cost respectively, simultaneously the ammonia condenser with the oil cooler need not directly carry out the heat transfer with the sea water, greatly increased equipment's life.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the ammonia gas and the refrigeration oil are indirectly cooled by fresh water, and the damper or the expansion water tank is arranged, so that the air pressure in the internal circulation system can be stabilized, and the internal circulation system can run more stably; compared with the seawater direct cooling of the traditional refrigerating system, the ammonia gas and the refrigeration oil are indirectly cooled by the practical fresh water, so that the ammonia leakage of the refrigerating system caused by the corrosion of seawater on a condenser can be avoided, the refrigerating system is prevented from entering the seawater, and the safety is enhanced; the traditional ammonia condenser directly cooled by seawater is made of titanium metal, a heat exchange tube of the oil cooler is made of a titanium tube, the titanium tube is high in price, an indirect cooling mode is adopted, the seawater cooler can be a plate heat exchanger made of a titanium plate or a shell-and-tube heat exchanger made of a corrosion-resistant copper tube, the heat exchange plate of the ammonia condenser is made of stainless steel, the heat exchange tube of the oil cooler is a carbon steel seamless steel tube, and the investment of the total cost is greatly reduced; the traditional direct cooling is adopted, the temperature difference of cooling water is too large, the cooling water pump is easy to generate cavitation damage, and the temperature difference of indirect cooling water is controlled to be 5-10 ℃, so that the probability of damage of the water pump caused by cavitation is reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a flow chart of another embodiment of the present invention.

The reference numbers illustrate: 1-a seawater cooler; 2-an ammonia condenser; 3-an oil cooler; 4-a filter; 5-a cooling water pump; 6-a damper; 7-a circulating water pump; 8-an evacuation valve; 9-a water replenishing valve; 10-expansion tank.

Detailed Description

Referring to fig. 1, a condensing device of a marine ammonia refrigeration system suitable for polar sea areas according to the present invention includes an external circulation system and an internal circulation system, and further includes a seawater cooler 1, an ammonia condenser 2 and an oil cooler 3, the external circulation system is connected to a seawater side of the seawater cooler 1, a fresh water side of the seawater cooler 1 is connected to the internal circulation system, the internal circulation system is further connected to the ammonia condenser 2 and the oil cooler 3, and indirect heat exchange between the ammonia condenser 2 and the oil cooler 3 is achieved through the external circulation system and the internal circulation system.

The outer circulation system is connected with seawater, the inner circulation system adopts fresh water circulation, and the fresh water in the inner circulation system and the seawater in the outer circulation system exchange heat through the seawater cooler 1, so that the fresh water in the inner circulation system can be recycled; the ammonia condenser 2 is used for cooling and condensing ammonia gas in the refrigeration system into liquid ammonia, and then refluxing the liquid ammonia to the refrigeration system for use; the oil cooler 3 cools and reflows the refrigeration oil of the cooling equipment in the refrigeration system for use; through the internal circulation system realizes indirect cooling, effectively prevents the sea water to ammonia condensation and the corruption of oil cooling equipment.

The external circulation system also comprises a filter 4 and a cooling water pump 5, seawater flows through the filter 4 and the cooling water pump 5 in sequence through a seawater inlet pipe, flows into the seawater side of the seawater cooler 1, and finally flows out of the seawater cooler 1.

The filter 4 is used for filtering impurities in seawater and preventing the impurities from blocking pipelines, the seawater is pumped into the external circulation system through the cooling water pump 5, a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe of the external circulation system are respectively connected with the seawater side of the seawater cooler 1 through flanges, the seawater entering the seawater cooler 1 flows back to the sea after heat exchange, and the process only has heat change and cannot harm the environment.

The internal circulation system also comprises a damper 6 and a circulating water pump 7, fresh water flows out from the fresh water side of the seawater cooler 1, sequentially passes through the damper 6 and the circulating water pump 7, then respectively flows into the ammonia condenser 2 and the oil cooler 3, and finally flows back to the seawater cooler 1.

Fresh water is adopted in the internal circulation system for heat exchange, so that the corrosion of seawater to equipment is effectively prevented; the volume difference caused by the change of the cooling water temperature difference is balanced by the change of the volume of the air chamber of the damper 6, and the effect of smoothing the pulsation of the pipeline is achieved; the circulating water pump 7 provides power for the fresh water in the internal circulating system to push the fresh water to flow in the pipeline.

The internal circulation system further comprises an exhaust valve 8 and a water replenishing valve 9, the water replenishing valve 9 is arranged at the water inlet of the circulating water pump 7, and the exhaust valve 8 is arranged at the lowest position of the internal circulation system.

The emptying valve 8 is used for discharging fresh water in the internal circulation system, the water replenishing valve 9 is used for replenishing the fresh water in the internal circulation system, the fresh water circulated after a period of time is discharged through the emptying valve 8, and the fresh water is replenished through the water replenishing valve 9.

The damper 6 is a diaphragm type pulse damper 6, the damper 6 is respectively arranged at the water inlet and the water outlet of the circulating water pump 7, and the damper 6 can be replaced by an expansion water tank 10.

As shown in fig. 2, in another embodiment of the present invention, the expansion tank 10 is used instead of the damper 6, and can also serve to adjust the pressure stability in the internal circulation system.

The seawater cooler 1 is a deep groove heat exchanger made of a titanium plate.

The deep groove heat exchanger can effectively prevent tiny foreign matters in seawater from entering the heat exchanger to cause blockage, and the titanium plate has strong corrosion resistance in the seawater, so that the service life of the seawater cooler 1 can be effectively prolonged by adopting the titanium plate.

The ammonia condenser 2 adopts an SUS304 stainless steel plate type heat exchanger, the oil cooler 3 adopts a shell and tube type heat exchanger, and a seamless steel tube made of carbon steel is adopted in a tube pass.

The ammonia condenser 2 and the oil cooler 3 respectively adopt a stainless steel plate type heat exchanger and a shell tube, so that the equipment cost can be greatly reduced, and meanwhile, the ammonia condenser 2 and the oil cooler 3 do not need to directly exchange heat with seawater, so that the service life of the equipment is greatly prolonged.

The working principle of the invention is as follows:

in the external circulation system, the cooling water pump 5 pumps low-temperature seawater into the seawater cooler 1 after passing through the filter 4, the seawater entering the seawater cooler 1 at the seawater side flows back to the sea after exchanging heat with the fresh water side, in the internal circulation system, power is provided by the circulating water pump 7 to ensure the circulation process of the fresh water in the internal circulation system, the fresh water enters the seawater cooler 1 for cooling and then respectively enters the ammonia condenser 2 and the oil cooler 3, ammonia gas entering the ammonia condenser 2 exchanges heat with the fresh water and then is condensed into liquid ammonia for backflow use, the refrigeration oil entering the oil cooler 3 exchanges heat with the fresh water and then flows back for use, and the fresh water absorbing heat of the ammonia gas and the refrigeration oil respectively flows out of the ammonia condenser 2 and the oil cooler 3 and enters the fresh water side of the seawater cooler 1 for heat exchange, the fresh water in the seawater cooler 1 exchanges heat with seawater and is cooled, and then flows back in the internal circulation system again to prepare the next circulation; in the working process, the flow of the seawater is controlled by monitoring the temperature and the pressure of the seawater, and the temperature of the fresh water inlet and outlet in the seawater cooler 1 is ensured to be within the range of 25-35 ℃.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the ammonia gas and the refrigeration oil are indirectly cooled by fresh water, and the damper 6 or the expansion water tank 10 is arranged, so that the air pressure in the internal circulation system can be stabilized, and the internal circulation system can run more stably; compared with the direct cooling of the seawater of the traditional refrigerating system, the introduction of the practical fresh water for cooling the ammonia gas and the refrigeration oil can avoid the ammonia leakage of the refrigerating system caused by the corrosion of the seawater on a condenser, avoid the entering of the refrigerating system into the seawater and enhance the safety; the traditional ammonia condenser 2 directly cooled by seawater must be made of metal titanium, a heat exchange tube of the oil cooler 3 must be a titanium tube, the titanium tube is high in price, and an indirect cooling mode is used, the seawater cooler 1 can be a plate heat exchanger made of a titanium plate or a shell-and-tube heat exchanger made of a corrosion-resistant copper tube, a heat exchange plate of the ammonia condenser 2 is made of stainless steel, a heat exchange tube of the oil cooler 3 is a carbon steel seamless steel tube, and the investment of the total cost is greatly reduced; the traditional direct cooling is adopted, the temperature difference between the inlet and the outlet of cooling water is up to 20-25 ℃, the temperature difference of the cooling water is too large, the cooling water pump 5 is easy to generate cavitation damage, and the temperature difference of the cooling water is controlled to be 5-10 ℃ by adopting indirect cooling, so that the probability of damage of the water pump caused by cavitation is reduced.

The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not restrictive, and various changes and modifications to the technical solutions of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention defined by the appended claims.