阅读说明：本技术 一种能够有效降低阿贝误差的游标卡尺及测量方法 (Vernier caliper capable of effectively reducing Abbe error and measuring method ) 是由 闫勇刚 吴正兴 马学思 邓小玲 绳飘 于 2021-01-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种能够有效降低阿贝误差的游标卡尺及测量方法,包括主尺和游标尺,游标尺的前侧面上下两端均通过设置凸缘形成主尺容置槽,主尺设置在主尺容置槽内且游标尺与主尺滑动连接,上下两端的主尺容置槽内沿前后方向均对称设置有压力传感器,压力传感装置用于采集主尺对游标尺产生的压力信号,压力传感装置的信号输出端连接处理模块的信号输入端,处理模块的信号输出端连接有显示装置；处理模块用于接收压力传感装置输入的压力信号,并对压力信号进行信号处理后计算得出用于表示游标尺主线与主尺主线的平行度的差动压力信号值。本发明能够解决现有游标卡尺使用过程中阿贝误差大,测量精度低的问题。(The invention discloses a vernier caliper capable of effectively reducing Abbe errors and a measuring method, the vernier caliper comprises a main scale and a vernier scale, the upper end and the lower end of the front side surface of the vernier scale form a main scale accommodating groove through arranging flanges, the main scale is arranged in the main scale accommodating groove, the vernier scale is in sliding connection with the main scale, pressure sensors are symmetrically arranged in the main scale accommodating grooves at the upper end and the lower end along the front-back direction, the pressure sensors are used for collecting pressure signals generated by the main scale on the vernier scale, the signal output ends of the pressure sensors are connected with the signal input end of a processing module, and the signal output end of the processing module is connected with a display device; the processing module is used for receiving the pressure signal input by the pressure sensing device, processing the pressure signal and calculating to obtain a differential pressure signal value for representing the parallelism of the vernier main line and the main scale main line. The invention can solve the problems of large Abbe error and low measurement precision of the existing vernier caliper in the use process.)

1. The utility model provides a vernier caliper that can effectively reduce abbe's error, includes main scale and vernier, both ends all form the main scale storage tank through setting up the flange about the leading flank of vernier, and the main scale setting is in the main scale storage tank and vernier and main scale sliding connection, its characterized in that: pressure sensing devices are symmetrically arranged in the main scale accommodating grooves at the upper end and the lower end along the front-back direction, the pressure sensing devices are used for collecting pressure signals generated by the main scale on the vernier, the signal output end of each pressure sensing device is connected with the signal input end of the processing module, and the signal output end of the processing module is connected with the display device; the processing module is used for receiving the pressure signal input by the pressure sensing device, processing the pressure signal and calculating to obtain a differential pressure signal value for representing the parallelism of the vernier main line and the main scale main line.

2. A vernier caliper capable of effectively reducing abbe's error as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the bottom of the main scale containing groove at the upper end and the lower end is symmetrically provided with two pressure sensor mounting grooves along the front-back direction, each pressure sensor mounting groove is internally provided with a pressure sensor, and the calculation formula of a differential pressure signal value delta p is as follows:

wherein, the pressure signals output by the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor arranged in the front-back direction in the main scale containing groove at the upper end at the time t are respectively p_1tAnd p_2tAnd a third pressure sensor and a fourth pressure sensor arranged in the front-back direction in the main scale containing groove at the lower end at the time of tThe output pressure signals are respectively p_3tAnd p_4t，w_iWeight value, p, representing pressure signal output by ith pressure sensor_itAnd (3) a pressure signal output by the ith pressure sensor at the time t, wherein i is 1,2,3 and 4.

3. A vernier caliper capable of effectively reducing abbe's error as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the pressure sensor mounting groove is internally provided with a pre-tightening spring, the upper end and the lower end of the pre-tightening spring are respectively connected with the corresponding pressure sensor mounting groove and the corresponding pressure sensor, and the stress detection surface of the pressure sensor protrudes out of the bottom of the main scale accommodating groove in a natural state.

4. A vernier caliper capable of effectively reducing abbe's error as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and a locking device is also arranged on the vernier.

5. A vernier caliper capable of effectively reducing Abbe's error according to claim 4, wherein: the locking device adopts an electric control locking device, and the signal input end of the electric control locking device is connected with the signal output end of the processing module.

6. A vernier caliper capable of effectively reducing abbe's error as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the vernier scale is also provided with an adjusting button for adjusting the weight value of the pressure signal output by the pressure sensor, and the signal output end of the adjusting button is connected with the signal input end of the processing module.

7. A vernier caliper capable of effectively reducing abbe's error as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and a push handle is also arranged on the vernier.

8. The method for measuring a vernier caliper capable of effectively reducing the abbe error as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:

a: unlocking the locking device, releasing the locking state of the vernier and the main scale, and acquiring a pressure signal generated by the main scale on the vernier by using a pressure sensor;

b: a measurer pushes the vernier scale, and the vernier scale and the main scale are used for measuring a measured object;

c: the processing module receives pressure signals input by the pressure sensing device in real time, and calculates differential pressure signal values delta p used for expressing the parallelism of the vernier main line and the main scale main line after the pressure signals are subjected to signal processing, wherein the calculation formula of the differential pressure signal values delta p is as follows:

wherein, the pressure signals output by the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor arranged in the front-back direction in the main scale containing groove at the upper end at the time t are respectively p_1tAnd p_2tThe pressure signals output by the third pressure sensor and the fourth pressure sensor arranged in the front-back direction in the main scale containing groove at the lower end at the time t are p respectively_3tAnd p_4t，w_iWeight value, p, representing pressure signal output by ith pressure sensor_itA pressure signal representing the pressure output by the ith pressure sensor at time t, i being 1,2,3, 4;

d: the measurer reads the differential pressure signal value delta p calculated by the processing module through the display device, and if the differential pressure signal value delta p is a negative value or a positive value, the measurer gradually reduces the pushing force or the pulling force on the vernier until the differential pressure signal value delta p is zero or close to zero;

e: when the differential pressure signal value delta p is zero or close to zero, starting a locking device, and locking the vernier caliper for reading;

f: after the reading is finished, the measuring personnel separate the vernier caliper from the measured object and lock the locking device again.

9. The vernier caliper capable of effectively reducing the abbe error as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the measurer adjusts the weight value of the pressure signal output by the pressure sensor through the adjusting button.

10. A vernier caliper capable of effectively reducing abbe's error as claimed in claim 9, wherein: in the step A, a measurer controls the electronic control locking device to unlock through a key, in the step F, the measurer automatically controls the electronic control locking device to re-lock through the key or the processing module, and after the electronic control locking device is re-locked, the controller controls the pressure sensor to automatically close.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a measuring tool, in particular to a vernier caliper capable of effectively reducing Abbe errors.

Background

In the conventional measuring tool industry, common vernier calipers are classified into three types, i.e., a mechanical vernier caliper, a dial vernier caliper, and a digital vernier caliper. The mechanical vernier caliper comprises a main scale, a vernier, a caliper body, measuring claws and the like, and is wide in application in the field of mechanical manufacturing due to convenient use and good measurement stability. The dial vernier caliper is based on a mechanical vernier caliper, a rack transmission gear is used for driving a pointer to display a numerical value, and the main caliper is provided with approximate scales which are combined with the reading of an indicating gauge, so that the reading is faster and more accurate than that of the mechanical vernier caliper. The digital display type vernier caliper is based on a belt meter type vernier caliper, utilizes a rack to drive a circular grid sheet to rotate, and adopts the photoelectric pulse counting principle to convert the linear displacement of a caliper measuring jaw into a pulse signal, so that data is displayed, and the digital display type vernier caliper is widely applied to various industries at present because of the advantages of visual and clear reading, convenience in use, convenience in data storage and analysis, high measuring efficiency and the like.

The basic measurement principle of various vernier calipers is the same, and all the measurement principles are 'dislocation amplification methods'. However, the vernier caliper is not consistent with the main scale axis due to the measured axis and the main scale axis during design, that is, it is not in accordance with the abbe principle, and the vernier caliper has a gap between the vernier and the body during assembly, so that the vernier caliper has a slight inclination due to different force applied by the measuring personnel, as shown in fig. 1, the abbe error is Δ L ═ Stg Φ ≈ S Φ, which is generally small, and the measuring personnel cannot easily perceive the value, which causes problems of low accuracy of measured data, and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a vernier caliper capable of effectively reducing Abbe errors, and the vernier caliper can solve the problems of large Abbe errors and low measurement precision in the use process of the existing vernier caliper.

The invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a vernier caliper capable of effectively reducing Abbe errors comprises a main scale and a vernier scale, wherein the upper end and the lower end of the front side surface of the vernier scale form a main scale accommodating groove through flanges, the main scale is arranged in the main scale accommodating groove, the vernier scale is in sliding connection with the main scale, pressure sensing devices are symmetrically arranged in the main scale accommodating groove at the upper end and the lower end along the front-back direction, the pressure sensing devices are used for collecting pressure signals generated by the main scale on the vernier scale, the signal output end of each pressure sensing device is connected with the signal input end of a processing module, and the signal output end of the processing module is connected with a display device; the processing module is used for receiving the pressure signal input by the pressure sensing device, processing the pressure signal and calculating to obtain a differential pressure signal value for representing the parallelism of the vernier main line and the main scale main line.

The bottom of the main scale containing groove at the upper end and the lower end is symmetrically provided with two pressure sensor mounting grooves along the front-back direction, each pressure sensor mounting groove is internally provided with a pressure sensor, and the calculation formula of a differential pressure signal value delta p is as follows:

wherein, the pressure signals output by the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor arranged in the front-back direction in the main scale containing groove at the upper end at the time t are respectively p_1tAnd p_2tThe pressure signals output by the third pressure sensor and the fourth pressure sensor arranged in the front-back direction in the main scale containing groove at the lower end at the time t are p respectively_3tAnd p_4t，w_iWeight value, p, representing pressure signal output by ith pressure sensor_itAnd (3) a pressure signal output by the ith pressure sensor at the time t, wherein i is 1,2,3 and 4.

The pressure sensor mounting groove is internally provided with a pre-tightening spring, the upper end and the lower end of the pre-tightening spring are respectively connected with the corresponding pressure sensor mounting groove and the corresponding pressure sensor, and the stress detection surface of the pressure sensor protrudes out of the bottom of the main scale accommodating groove in a natural state.

And a locking device is also arranged on the vernier.

The locking device adopts an electric control locking device, and the signal input end of the electric control locking device is connected with the signal output end of the processing module.

The vernier scale is also provided with an adjusting button for adjusting the weight value of the pressure signal output by the pressure sensor, and the signal output end of the adjusting button is connected with the signal input end of the processing module.

And a push handle is also arranged on the vernier.

The method for measuring using a vernier caliper capable of effectively reducing the abbe error as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:

a: unlocking the locking device, releasing the locking state of the vernier and the main scale, and acquiring a pressure signal generated by the main scale on the vernier by using a pressure sensor;

b: a measurer pushes the vernier scale, and the vernier scale and the main scale are used for measuring a measured object;

c: the processing module receives pressure signals input by the pressure sensing device in real time, and calculates differential pressure signal values delta p used for expressing the parallelism of the vernier main line and the main scale main line after the pressure signals are subjected to signal processing, wherein the calculation formula of the differential pressure signal values delta p is as follows:

wherein, the pressure signals output by the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor arranged in the front-back direction in the main scale containing groove at the upper end at the time t are respectively p_1tAnd p_2tThe pressure signals output by the third pressure sensor and the fourth pressure sensor arranged in the front-back direction in the main scale containing groove at the lower end at the time t are p respectively_3tAnd p_4t，w_iWeight value, p, representing pressure signal output by ith pressure sensor_itA pressure signal representing the pressure output by the ith pressure sensor at time t, i being 1,2,3, 4;

d: the measurer reads the differential pressure signal value delta p calculated by the processing module through the display device, and if the differential pressure signal value delta p is a negative value or a positive value, the measurer gradually reduces the pushing force or the pulling force on the vernier until the differential pressure signal value delta p is zero or close to zero;

e: when the differential pressure signal value delta p is zero or close to zero, starting a locking device, and locking the vernier caliper for reading;

f: after the reading is finished, the measuring personnel separate the vernier caliper from the measured object and lock the locking device again.

The measurer adjusts the weight value of the pressure signal output by the pressure sensor through the adjusting button.

In the step A, a measurer controls the electronic control locking device to unlock through a key, in the step F, the measurer automatically controls the electronic control locking device to re-lock through the key or the processing module, and after the electronic control locking device is re-locked, the controller controls the pressure sensor to automatically close.

According to the vernier caliper, the four pressure sensors are symmetrically arranged in the main scale accommodating groove, pressure signals generated by the main scale to the vernier caliper are acquired, and a differential pressure signal value used for representing the parallelism of the main line of the vernier caliper and the main line of the main scale is calculated through the pressure signals, so that a measurer can adjust the thrust according to the differential pressure signal value, the inclination of a measuring jaw of the vernier caliper is reduced or eliminated, the measuring line of the vernier caliper is ensured to be parallel to the scale line of the main scale, the Abbe error is reduced, and the measuring precision of a workpiece is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a conventional vernier measurement;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the installation position of the pressure sensor installation groove;

FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 3;

fig. 5 is a schematic sectional view taken along line B-B of fig. 3.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in detail below with reference to the following figures and examples:

as shown in fig. 2 to 5, the vernier caliper capable of effectively reducing abbe error according to the present invention includes a main scale 1 and a vernier scale 2, wherein the upper end and the lower end of the front side surface of the vernier scale 2 are both provided with flanges to form a main scale accommodating groove 3, the main scale 1 is disposed in the main scale accommodating groove 3, and the vernier scale 2 is slidably connected to the main scale 1.

In the invention, pressure sensing devices are symmetrically arranged in the main scale accommodating grooves 3 at the upper end and the lower end along the front-back direction, the pressure sensing devices are used for collecting pressure signals generated by the main scale 1 on the vernier scale 2, the signal output end of each pressure sensing device is connected with the signal input end of the processing module 4, and the signal output end of the processing module 4 is connected with the display device 5; the processing module 4 is used for receiving the pressure signal input by the pressure sensing device, and calculating a differential pressure signal value used for representing the parallelism of the main line of the vernier 2 and the main line of the main scale 1 after performing signal processing on the pressure signal. The signal processing includes amplification, filtering and analog/digital conversion of the signal.

In this embodiment, the bottoms of the main scale accommodating grooves 3 at the upper and lower ends are symmetrically provided with two pressure sensor mounting grooves 6 along the front-rear direction, each pressure sensor mounting groove 6 is internally provided with a pressure sensor, and a signal line of each pressure sensor can be connected with the processing module 4 through the pressure sensor mounting grooves 6. The differential pressure signal value Δ p is calculated as:

wherein, the pressure signals output by the first pressure sensor 7 and the second pressure sensor 8 arranged in the front-back direction in the main scale containing groove 3 at the upper end at the time t are respectively p_1tAnd p_2tPressure signals output by a third pressure sensor 9 and a fourth pressure sensor 10 arranged in the front-rear direction in the main scale accommodating groove 3 at the lower end at the time t are p respectively_3tAnd p_4t，w_iWeight value, p, representing pressure signal output by ith pressure sensor_itAnd (3) a pressure signal output by the ith pressure sensor at the time t, wherein i is 1,2,3 and 4.

In order to guarantee the measuring accuracy, all be provided with the pretension spring in the pressure sensor mounting groove 6, the upper and lower both ends of pretension spring are connected with corresponding pressure sensor mounting groove 6 and pressure sensor respectively, and the pretension spring can drive pressure sensor's atress detection face outstanding main scale storage tank 3's tank bottom under natural state, can enough produce certain pretightning force to main scale 1, does not influence the smooth slip of vernier scale 2 on main scale 1 again.

In order to ensure that the vernier 2 and the main scale 1 do not move relatively during reading so as to ensure the measurement accuracy, the vernier 2 is further provided with a locking device 11. The locking device 11 can adopt a locking screw or an electric control locking device, and a signal input end of the electric control locking device is connected with a signal output end of the processing module 4.

The measurement accuracy requirements are different under different application occasions. In the invention, the vernier scale 2 is also provided with an adjusting button 12, the signal output end of the adjusting button 12 is connected with the signal input end of the processing module 4, and a measurer can adjust the weight value of the pressure signal output by the pressure sensor through the adjusting button 12, thereby achieving the effect of adjusting the differential pressure signal value. When the requirement on the measurement accuracy is high, a measurer can adjust the weight value of the pressure signal output by the pressure sensor through the adjusting button 12 to improve the calculation accuracy of the differential pressure signal value Δ p.

The weight value of the pressure signal output by each pressure sensor is set to 0.25 at the initial value; after standard correction, the weight value can be updated to a new weight value in real time through an iterative algorithm so as to improve the detection precision.

In order to facilitate a measurer to push or pull the vernier 2 to slide on the main scale 1, in this embodiment, a push handle 13 is further disposed on the vernier 2 for pushing and pulling the vernier 2.

When the vernier caliper capable of effectively reducing the Abbe error is used for measurement, the measurement is carried out according to the following steps:

a: a measurer unlocks the locking device 11, releases the locking state of the vernier 2 and the main scale 1, and then the pressure sensor starts to acquire a pressure signal generated by the main scale 1 on the vernier 2;

b: a measurer pushes the vernier 2, and a measured object is measured by using the vernier 2 and the main scale 1;

c: the processing module 4 receives pressure signals input by the pressure sensing device in real time, and calculates differential pressure signal values delta p for representing the parallelism of the main lines of the vernier 2 and the main scale 1 after performing signal processing on the pressure signals, wherein the calculation formula of the differential pressure signal values delta p is as follows:

wherein, the pressure signals output by the first pressure sensor 7 and the second pressure sensor 8 arranged in the front-back direction in the main scale containing groove 3 at the upper end at the time t are respectively p_1tAnd p_2tPressure signals output by a third pressure sensor 9 and a fourth pressure sensor 10 arranged in the front-rear direction in the main scale accommodating groove 3 at the lower end at the time t are p respectively_3tAnd p_4t，w_iWeight value, p, representing pressure signal output by ith pressure sensor_itA pressure signal representing the pressure output by the ith pressure sensor at time t, i being 1,2,3, 4;

d: the measurer reads the differential pressure signal value delta p calculated by the processing module 4 through the display device 5, and if the differential pressure signal value delta p is a negative value or a positive value, the measurer gradually reduces the pushing force or the pulling force on the vernier 2 until the differential pressure signal value delta p is zero or close to zero;

e: when the differential pressure signal value delta p is zero or close to zero, starting the locking device 11, and locking the vernier caliper for reading;

f: after the reading is finished, the measuring staff separates the vernier caliper from the measured object and locks the locking device 11 again.

In the measuring process, a measurer can adjust the weight value of the pressure signal output by the pressure sensor through the adjusting button 12 according to the requirement on the measuring precision.

In the step A, a measurer controls the electronic control locking device 11 to unlock through a key, in the step F, the measurer controls the electronic control locking device 11 to re-lock through the key, and after the electronic control locking device 11 is re-locked, the controller controls the pressure sensor to automatically close. It can also be set by program, when the differential pressure signal value Δ p is zero or reaches the set threshold, the processing module 4 controls the electronic control locking device 11 to automatically lock.