Fish meal substitute for pig ration and preparation method and application thereof
阅读说明：本技术 一种用于猪日粮中的鱼粉替代物及其制备方法与应用 (Fish meal substitute for pig ration and preparation method and application thereof ) 是由 杨金玉 金灵红 于 2021-02-05 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种鱼粉替代物,不包含动物性蛋白,规避了疾病传播的风险,保证了生物安全,尽量减少高含量蛋白的“贵族产品”蛋白,使用大量的植物蛋白(大豆酶解蛋白和大豆浓缩蛋白,二者比例在0.6-3倍率),且使用少量的乳清粉,合理使用蛋白含量低的物料,并通过添加一定量的鱼油,在满足蛋白含量的同时,通过鱼油来增加饲养过程中的进食量,并提高饲养主体(猪)的免疫力和炎症抵抗力,尤其是对幼龄仔猪和育肥猪提高免疫力、抵抗炎症反应等具有极佳的作用,对提高初生仔猪活力和质量、提高母猪使用年限意义重大；同时,还提供了上述鱼粉替代物的制备方法和应用。(The invention discloses a fish meal substitute, which does not contain animal protein, avoids the risk of disease transmission, ensures biological safety, reduces the protein of a 'noble product' with high protein content as much as possible, uses a large amount of plant protein (soybean enzymolysis protein and soybean concentrated protein, the proportion of the two is 0.6-3 times), uses a small amount of whey powder, reasonably uses materials with low protein content, and adds a certain amount of fish oil, thereby meeting the protein content, increasing the food intake in the feeding process by the fish oil, improving the immunity and the inflammatory resistance of a feeding main body (pig), particularly having excellent effects of improving the immunity, resisting inflammatory reaction and the like of young piglets and fattening pigs, and having great significance for improving the vitality and the quality of newborn piglets and improving the service life of sows; meanwhile, a preparation method and application of the fish meal substitute are also provided.)
1. A fish meal substitute for use in a pig ration, characterized in that: the paint comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35-91 parts of protein material; 10-18 parts of basic energy material; 1-2 parts of mixture of probiotics and medium-chain fatty acid; 0.27-0.87 part of crystalline amino acid; 5-10 parts of fish oil with the total content of DHA and EPA being more than 15%.
2. Fish meal replacement according to claim 1, wherein the crystalline amino acid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.05-0.15 part of methionine; 0.2-0.5 part of lysine; 0.01-0.1 part of valine; 0.01-0.12 part of threonine.
3. Fish meal replacement according to claim 2, further comprising 1-17 parts by weight of a calcium phosphate supplement; the calcium phosphate supplement comprises one or more of calcium lactate 5-8 weight parts, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 3-6 weight parts, and salt 1-3 weight parts.
4. Fish meal replacement according to claim 3, further comprising 0.05-0.3 parts by weight of a flavour; the flavoring agent comprises one or more of stevioside 0.05-0.1, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone 0.05-0.1, and aromatic grass flavoring agent 0.05-0.1.
5. The fish meal replacement of claim 4, further comprising 0.1 to 1 parts by weight of an anti-caking agent comprising one or a mixture of 0.1 to 0.5 parts by weight of silicon dioxide and 0.1 to 0.5 parts by weight of calcium silicate.
6. Fish meal replacement according to claim 5, wherein the probiotic is one or both of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus glumaeMixing; the weight ratio of the fatty acid to the medium-chain fatty acid is 2-4: 1.5-3; wherein the total colony number of the probiotics is 2.8-4X109cfu/g。
7. A fish meal replacement according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the protein feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-60 parts of soybean enzymolysis protein; 2-5 parts of whey powder; 20-50 parts of soybean protein concentrate.
8. Fish meal replacement according to claim 7, wherein the base energy source is a blend of one or more of expanded rice 2-7 parts, expanded corn 2-10 parts and expanded oats 1-3 parts.
9. A preparation method of fish meal substitute used in pig ration is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) crushing protein material and basic energy material for later use;
(2) mixing probiotics with the mixture of medium-chain fatty acids, crystalline amino acids, calcium phosphate supplement, flavoring agent and anticaking agent;
(3) mixing the mixed materials obtained in the step (1) and the step (2) for later use;
(4) adding fish oil with DHA and EPA content more than 15% into the mixture obtained in step (3), and mixing to obtain the fish meal substitute of any one of claims 1-8.
10. Use of a fish meal replacement in a pig ration, characterized in that 2 parts of the fish meal replacement according to any one of claims 1-8 or prepared according to claim 9 is used in live pig farming instead of 1 part of fish meal with a crude protein of not less than 65% and 1 part of energy source.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pig feed, in particular to a fish meal substitute used in daily ration of pigs as well as a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The fish meal is a high-protein feed raw material which is prepared by taking one or more fishes as a raw material and carrying out deoiling, dewatering and crushing, and is an important animal protein added feed, but with the transition fishing of people to marine fishes and the transition aggravation of marine pollution, the marine fishes which are raw materials and are suitable for preparing the fish meal are greatly reduced in quantity. Therefore, feed workers in China consistently research and explore low-fish-meal daily ration and non-fish-meal daily ration, and fermented soybean meal is a good substitute. However, the fermented soybean meal alone cannot be a fish meal substitute for the daily ration in the existing poultry aquaculture process. For another example, chinese patent document CN105558431A discloses a fish meal substitute machine preparation method and application, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of rice enzymolysis protein, 6-14 parts of soybean protein concentrate, 7-13 parts of spray-dried blood powder, 15-35 parts of shrimp meal, 3-6 parts of lysine, 1-1.5 parts of methionine, 0.5-1.5 parts of taurine, 1.2-1.8 parts of a mixture of fructooligosaccharide and bacillus licheniformis and 3-5 parts of squid liver paste. For another example, chinese patent document CN106804938A discloses a fish meal replacement composition, which comprises two or more combinations of rice enzymolysis protein, hamlet protein, intestinal membrane protein powder, poultry plasma, and pupa peptide protein; meanwhile, the compound premix is also disclosed on the basis of the fish meal replacing composition, and comprises the fish meal replacing composition and auxiliary materials acceptable in feed science, wherein the auxiliary materials are selected from one or more of high fat, soybean protein concentrate, lysine, an acidifier, a mildew preventive, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, glucose, sucrose and carrier-containing piglet multi-vitamin multi-mineral. Therefore, the fish meal substitute or the compound premix at least comprises one of rice enzymolysis protein, hamrett protein, intestinal membrane protein powder, poultry plasma, pupa peptide protein and spray-dried blood powder, wherein the intestinal membrane protein powder, the poultry plasma, the pupa peptide protein and the spray-dried blood powder belong to animal protein, the feed contains a large amount of animal protein to cause the risk of homologous animal diseases in the breeding process, the feed should be carefully used in the using process, the hamrett protein belongs to a noble product in the field of global plant protein, the protein content is high and the price is expensive, meanwhile, the animal protein or the hamrett protein is added into the fish meal substitute composition or the compound premix, the amount of the animal protein or the hamrett protein is very high and is at least over 25 percent, the protein content is very high and is basically over 50 percent, therefore, fish meal substitutes with more proper formula and moderate price are especially important in breeding (pig breeding).
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a fish meal substitute for a daily ration of pigs, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35-91 parts of protein material; 10-18 parts of basic energy material; 1-2 parts of mixture of probiotics and medium-chain fatty acid; 0.27-0.87 part of crystalline amino acid; 5-10 parts of fish oil with the total content of DHA and EPA being more than 15%.
Further, the crystal amino acid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.05-0.15 part of methionine; 0.2-0.5 part of lysine; 0.01-0.1 part of valine; 0.01-0.12 part of threonine.
Further, the calcium phosphate salt supplement also comprises 1-17 parts by weight of calcium phosphate salt; the calcium phosphate supplement comprises one or more of calcium lactate 5-8 weight parts, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 3-6 weight parts, and salt 1-3 weight parts.
Further, 0.05-0.3 weight part of flavoring agent is also included; the flavoring agent comprises one or more of stevioside 0.05-0.1, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone 0.05-0.1, and aromatic grass flavoring agent 0.05-0.1; the fragrant grass flavoring agent is ledaxiang.
Further, 0.1-1 weight part of anti-caking agent comprises one or a mixture of 0.1-0.5 weight part of silicon dioxide and 0.1-0.5 weight part of calcium silicate.
Further, the probiotics is one or the mixture of two of bacillus licheniformis and bacillus cereus; the weight ratio of the fatty acid to the medium-chain fatty acid is 2-4: 1.5-3; wherein the total colony number of the probiotics is 2.8-4X109cfu/g。
Further, the protein material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-60 parts of soybean enzymolysis protein; 2-5 parts of whey powder; 20-50 parts of soybean protein concentrate.
Further, the base energy material is a mixture of one or more of 2-7 parts of puffed rice, 2-10 parts of puffed corn and 1-3 parts of puffed oat.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the fish meal substitute used in the pig ration, which comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing protein material and basic energy material for later use;
(2) mixing probiotics with the mixture of medium-chain fatty acids, crystalline amino acids, calcium phosphate supplement, flavoring agent and anticaking agent;
(3) mixing the mixed materials obtained in the step (1) and the step (2) for later use;
(4) and (3) adding fish oil with the total content of DHA and EPA of more than 15% into the mixed material in the step (3) and mixing to obtain any fish meal substitute.
The invention also discloses application of the fish meal substitute in daily ration of pigs, and in live pig breeding, 2 parts of any one of the fish meal substitutes can replace 1 part of fish meal with crude protein of not less than 65 percent and 1 part of energy raw material.
The energy raw material is one or a mixture of two of puffed corn, flour and puffed rice flour.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the fish meal substitute does not contain animal protein, avoids the risk of disease transmission, ensures biological safety, reduces the protein of a noble product with high protein content as much as possible, uses a large amount of plant protein (soybean enzymolysis protein and soybean concentrated protein, the proportion of the two is 0.6-3 times), uses a small amount of whey powder, reasonably uses materials with low protein content, and adds a certain amount of fish oil, thereby satisfying the protein content, simultaneously increasing the food intake in the feeding process by the fish oil, improving the immunity and the inflammatory resistance of a feeding main body (pig), having excellent functions of improving the immunity, resisting inflammatory reaction and the like of young piglets and fattening pigs, having great significance for improving the vitality and the quality of newborn piglets and improving the service life of sows, and simultaneously ensuring the full supply of nutrients compared with the prior fish meal substitute, the feeding cost is further reduced; furthermore, the physiological characteristics of digestion and absorption of pigs are considered, and basic energy is supplemented by using puffed rice flour, puffed corn, oat and the like with high digestibility; furthermore, by balancing the calcium and phosphorus levels and adding mineral raw materials with high digestibility, the requirement of minerals in the fish meal is met, and the effect of the fish meal is equal to or better than that of the fish meal; furthermore, the fish oil is rich in omega-3 fatty acid, so that the requirement of pigs on the omega-3 fatty acid in the fish meal is met, and the effect which is the same as or higher than that of the fish meal can be completely achieved; furthermore, a sweetening agent and a flavoring agent with strong preference of pigs are used, so that the ingestion of the pigs is further promoted; furthermore, the medium-chain fatty acid and the probiotics which are beneficial to the health and growth of the pigs are added, so that the improvement of the production performance of swinery is promoted, and the health and growth of intestinal tracts of the pigs are ensured.
(2) The fish meal substitute obviously improves the daily gain and the feed conversion rate of piglets, promotes the development of intestinal tracts and improves the intestinal tract shape; the pregnancy rate, the litter size and the weight of newborn litter of the pregnant sow are obviously improved; the feed intake of the nursing sow, the milk yield and the weaning weight of the nursing piglets are improved, the backfat loss of the nursing sow is reduced, and the diarrhea rate and the death rate of the piglets before weaning are reduced.
(3) The preparation method of the fish meal substitute for the daily ration of the pigs is simple in preparation process and convenient to operate.
(4) The application of the fish meal substitute can replace 1 part of fish meal with crude protein more than 65% and 1 part of energy raw material by using 2 parts of any one of the fish meal substitutes in live pig breeding, thereby ensuring that the fish meal substitute has the same nutritive value with the fish meal and the energy raw material, higher digestibility and better palatability, is more convenient for a user to directly replace and use, does not need additional formula adjustment, saves cost and has good effect in the feeding process.
Detailed Description
The present invention now will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. The embodiments in the present invention, other embodiments obtained by persons skilled in the art without any inventive work, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Example 1
(1) Crushing 35 parts of protein material and 18 parts of basic energy material for later use; wherein the average particle size of the crushed materials is 0.4 mm; the protein material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60 parts of soybean enzymolysis protein, 2 parts of whey powder and 30 parts of soybean protein concentrate; the basic energy material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 7 parts of puffed rice, 5 parts of puffed corn and 2 parts of puffed oat;
(2) mixing 1 part of probiotics and a mixture of medium-chain fatty acids, 0.27 part of crystalline amino acid, 17 parts of calcium-phosphorus salt supplement, 0.3 part of flavoring agent and 1 part of anti-caking agent for later use; wherein the probiotics is a mixture of bacillus licheniformis and bacillus glutacosus in a weight ratio of 1:1, and the total colony number of the probiotics is 3.5X109cfu/g, the weight ratio of the probiotics to the medium-chain fatty acids is 2: 1.5; the crystal amino acid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.05 part of methionine; 0.2 part of lysine; 0.01 part of valine; 0.01 part of threonine; the calcium phosphate supplement comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8 parts of calcium lactate, 6 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate and 3 parts of saltPreparing; the flavoring agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.1 part of stevioside, 0.1 part of neohesperidin dihydrochalcone and 0.1 part of ledaxiang; the anti-caking agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.5 part of silicon dioxide and 0.5 part of calcium silicate;
(3) mixing the mixed materials obtained in the step (1) and the step (2) for later use;
(4) and (3) spraying 10 parts of fish oil with the total content of DHA and EPA of more than 15% into the mixed material obtained in the step (3) by using a grease sprayer, mixing and spraying at a constant speed, and mixing to obtain the fish meal substitute.
Example 2
(1) 50 parts of protein material and 15 parts of basic energy material are crushed for standby; wherein the average particle size of the crushed materials is 0.6 mm; the protein material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of soybean enzymolysis protein, 4 parts of whey powder and 40 parts of soybean protein concentrate; the basic energy material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of puffed rice, 2 parts of puffed corn and 3 parts of puffed oat;
(2) 2 parts of probiotics and a mixture of medium-chain fatty acids, 0.87 part of crystalline amino acid, 13 parts of calcium-phosphorus salt supplement, 0.25 part of flavoring agent and 0.8 part of anti-caking agent are mixed for later use; wherein the probiotics is a mixture of bacillus licheniformis and bacillus glutacosus in a weight ratio of 1:1, and the total colony number of the probiotics is 2.8X109cfu/g, the weight ratio of the probiotics to the medium-chain fatty acids is 2: 3; the crystal amino acid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.15 part of methionine; 0.5 part of lysine; 0.1 part of valine; 0.12 part of threonine; the calcium phosphate supplement comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of calcium lactate, 6 parts of monocalcium phosphate and 2 parts of salt; the flavoring agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.05 part of stevioside, 0.1 part of neohesperidin dihydrochalcone and 0.1 part of ledaxiang; the anti-caking agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.3 part of silicon dioxide and 0.5 part of calcium silicate;
(3) mixing the mixed materials obtained in the step (1) and the step (2) for later use;
(4) and (3) spraying 7 parts of fish oil with the total content of DHA and EPA being more than 20% into the mixed material in the step (3) by using a grease spray nozzle, mixing and spraying at a constant speed, and mixing to obtain the fish meal substitute.
Example 3
(1) Crushing 65 parts of protein material and 13 parts of basic energy material for later use; wherein the average particle size of the crushed materials is 0.8 mm; the protein material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of soybean enzymolysis protein, 5 parts of whey powder and 50 parts of soybean protein concentrate; the basic energy material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of puffed rice, 10 parts of puffed corn and 1 part of puffed oat;
(2) mixing 1 part of probiotics and a mixture of medium-chain fatty acids, 0.5 part of crystalline amino acid, 10 parts of calcium-phosphorus salt supplement, 0.15 part of flavoring agent and 0.6 part of anti-caking agent for later use; wherein the probiotics is a mixture of bacillus licheniformis and bacillus glutacosus in a weight ratio of 1:1, and the total colony number of the probiotics is 4X109cfu/g, the weight ratio of the probiotics to the medium-chain fatty acids is 4: 1.5; the crystal amino acid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.1 part of methionine; 0.3 part of lysine; 0.05 part of valine; 0.1 part of threonine; the calcium phosphate supplement comprises the following components in parts by weight: 6 parts of calcium lactate, 3 parts of monocalcium phosphate and 1 part of salt; the flavoring agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.08 part of stevioside, 0.05 part of neohesperidin dihydrochalcone and 0.05 part of ledaxiang; the anti-caking agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.1 part of silicon dioxide and 0.3 part of calcium silicate;
(3) mixing the mixed materials obtained in the step (1) and the step (2) for later use;
(4) and (3) spraying 7 parts of fish oil with the total content of DHA and EPA of more than 25% into the mixed material obtained in the step (3) by using a grease sprayer, mixing and spraying at a constant speed, and mixing to obtain the fish meal substitute.
Example 4
(1) 80 parts of protein material and 10 parts of basic energy material are crushed for standby; wherein the average particle size of the crushed materials is 0.4 mm; the protein material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60 parts of soybean enzymolysis protein, 3 parts of whey powder and 20 parts of soybean protein concentrate; the basic energy material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 6 parts of puffed rice, 4 parts of puffed corn and 3 parts of puffed oat;
(2) 2 parts of probiotics and a mixture of medium-chain fatty acids, 0.4 part of crystalline amino acid, 8 parts of calcium-phosphorus salt supplement, 0.1 part of flavoring agent and 0.4 part of anti-caking agent are mixed for later use; wherein the probiotic is Bacillus vallismortis with a total colony count of 2.8X109cfu/g, the weight ratio of the probiotics to the medium-chain fatty acids is 4: 3; the crystal amino acid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.07 part of methionine; 0.4 part of lysine; 0.03 part of valine; 0.05 part of threonine; the calcium phosphate supplement comprises the following components in parts by weight: 7 parts of calcium lactate, 4 parts of monocalcium phosphate and 1 part of salt; the flavoring agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.06 part of stevioside, 0.07 part of neohesperidin dihydrochalcone and 0.08 part of ledaxiang; the anti-caking agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.4 part of silicon dioxide and 0.1 part of calcium silicate;
(3) mixing the mixed materials obtained in the step (1) and the step (2) for later use;
(4) and (3) spraying 8 parts of fish oil with the total content of DHA and EPA being more than 30% into the mixed material in the step (3) by using a grease sprayer, mixing and spraying at a constant speed, and mixing to obtain the fish meal substitute.
Example 5
(1) Crushing 91 parts of protein material and 10 parts of basic energy material for later use; wherein the average particle size of the crushed materials is 0.6 mm; the protein material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of soybean enzymolysis protein, 4 parts of whey powder and 40 parts of soybean protein concentrate; the basic energy material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of puffed rice, 8 parts of puffed corn and 2 parts of puffed oat;
(2) mixing 1 part of probiotics and a mixture of medium-chain fatty acids, 0.6 part of crystalline amino acid, 5 parts of calcium-phosphorus salt supplement, 0.05 part of flavoring agent and 0.1 part of anti-caking agent for later use; wherein the probiotic is Bacillus licheniformis, and the total colony number is 4X109cfu/g, the weight ratio of the probiotics to the medium-chain fatty acids is 2: 1; the crystal amino acid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.12 part of methionine; 0.3 part of lysine; 0.08 part of valine; 0.07 part of threonine; the calcium phosphate supplement comprises the following components in parts by weight: 6 portions of calcium lactate,5 parts of monocalcium phosphate and 2 parts of salt; the flavoring agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.07 part of stevioside, 0.08 part of neohesperidin dihydrochalcone and 0.07 part of ledaxiang; the anti-caking agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.2 part of silicon dioxide and 0.4 part of calcium silicate;
(3) mixing the mixed materials obtained in the step (1) and the step (2) for later use;
(4) and (3) spraying 6 parts of fish oil with the total content of DHA and EPA of more than 35% into the mixed material obtained in the step (3) by using a grease sprayer, mixing and spraying at a constant speed, and mixing to obtain the fish meal substitute.
Example 6
(1) Crushing 35 parts of protein material and 18 parts of basic energy material for later use; wherein the average particle size of the crushed materials is 0.8 mm; the protein material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of soybean enzymolysis protein, 5 parts of whey powder and 50 parts of soybean protein concentrate; the basic energy material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of puffed rice and 10 parts of puffed corn;
(2) 2 parts of probiotics and a mixture of medium-chain fatty acids, 0.27 part of crystalline amino acid, 1 part of calcium-phosphorus salt supplement, 0.15 part of flavoring agent and 0.6 part of anti-caking agent are mixed for later use; wherein the probiotics is a mixture of bacillus licheniformis and bacillus glutacosus in a weight ratio of 1:1, and the total colony number of the probiotics is 2.8X109cfu/g, the weight ratio of the probiotics to the medium-chain fatty acids is 2: 3; the crystal amino acid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.05 part of methionine; 0.2 part of lysine; 0.01 part of valine; 0.01 part of threonine; the calcium phosphate supplement comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8 parts of calcium lactate and 3 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate; the flavoring agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.05 part of stevioside and 0.1 part of neohesperidin dihydrochalcone; the anti-caking agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.5 part of silicon dioxide and 0.5 part of calcium silicate;
(3) mixing the mixed materials obtained in the step (1) and the step (2) for later use;
(4) and (3) spraying 10 parts of fish oil with the total content of DHA and EPA of more than 25% into the mixed material in the step (3) by using a grease sprayer, mixing and spraying at a constant speed, and mixing to obtain the fish meal substitute.
Example 7
(1) 50 parts of protein material and 13 parts of basic energy material are crushed for standby; wherein the average particle size of the crushed materials is 0.4 mm; the protein material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60 parts of soybean enzymolysis protein, 2 parts of whey powder and 20 parts of soybean protein concentrate; the basic energy material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 7 parts of puffed rice and 3 parts of puffed oat;
(2) mixing 1 part of probiotics and a mixture of medium-chain fatty acids, 0.5 part of crystalline amino acid, 10 parts of calcium-phosphorus salt supplement, 0.05 part of flavoring agent and 1 part of anti-caking agent for later use; wherein the probiotic is Bacillus vallismortis with a total colony count of 4.0X109cfu/g, the weight ratio of the probiotics to the medium-chain fatty acids is 2: 1; the crystal amino acid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.15 part of methionine; 0.5 part of lysine; 0.1 part of valine; 0.12 part of threonine; the calcium phosphate supplement comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of calcium lactate and 3 parts of salt; the flavoring agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.1 part of stevioside and 0.05 part of ledaxiang; the anti-caking agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.1 part of silicon dioxide and 0.1 part of calcium silicate;
(3) mixing the mixed materials obtained in the step (1) and the step (2) for later use;
(4) and (3) spraying 7 parts of fish oil with the total content of DHA and EPA being more than 20% into the mixed material in the step (3) by using a grease spray nozzle, mixing and spraying at a constant speed, and mixing to obtain the fish meal substitute.
Example 8
(1) Crushing 91 parts of protein material and 10 parts of basic energy material for later use; wherein the average particle size of the crushed materials is 0.6 mm; the protein material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of soybean enzymolysis protein, 4 parts of whey powder and 30 parts of soybean concentrated eggs; the basic energy material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of puffed corn and 1 part of puffed oat;
(2) mixing 2 parts of probiotics and a mixture of medium-chain fatty acids, 0.87 part of crystalline amino acid, 17 parts of calcium-phosphorus salt supplement, 0.3 part of flavoring agent and 0.1 part of anti-caking agentMixing for later use; wherein the probiotic is Bacillus vallismortis with a total colony count of 2.8X109cfu/g, wherein the weight ratio of the probiotics to the medium-chain fatty acids is 8: 3; the crystal amino acid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.1 part of methionine; 0.3 part of lysine; 0.05 part of valine; 0.06 part of threonine; the calcium phosphate supplement comprises the following components in parts by weight: 6 parts of monocalcium phosphate and 1 part of salt; the flavoring agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: neohesperidin dihydrochalcone 0.05 part and ledaxiang 0.1 part; the anti-caking agent is silicon dioxide;
(3) mixing the mixed materials obtained in the step (1) and the step (2) for later use;
(4) and (3) spraying 5 parts of fish oil with the total content of DHA and EPA of more than 15% into the mixed material in the step (3) by using a grease sprayer, mixing and spraying at a constant speed, and mixing to obtain the fish meal substitute.
Example 9
(1) Crushing 91 parts of protein material and 10 parts of basic energy material for later use; wherein the average particle size of the crushed materials is 0.6 mm; the protein material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of soybean enzymolysis protein, 4 parts of whey powder and 30 parts of soybean concentrated eggs; the basic energy material is puffed rice;
(2) 2 parts of probiotics and a mixture of medium-chain fatty acids, 0.87 part of crystalline amino acid, 17 parts of calcium-phosphorus salt supplement, 0.3 part of flavoring agent and 0.1 part of anti-caking agent are mixed for later use; wherein the probiotic is Bacillus vallismortis with a total colony count of 2.8X109cfu/g, wherein the weight ratio of the probiotics to the medium-chain fatty acids is 8: 3; the crystal amino acid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.1 part of methionine; 0.3 part of lysine; 0.05 part of valine; 0.06 part of threonine; the calcium phosphate supplement is monocalcium phosphate; the flavoring agent is stevioside; the anti-caking agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.1 part of silicon dioxide and 0.5 part of calcium silicate;
(3) mixing the mixed materials obtained in the step (1) and the step (2) for later use;
(4) and (3) spraying 5 parts of fish oil with the total content of DHA and EPA of more than 30% into the mixed material in the step (3) by using a grease sprayer, mixing and spraying at a constant speed, and mixing to obtain the fish meal substitute.
Example 10
(1) 50 parts of protein material and 13 parts of basic energy material are crushed for standby; wherein the average particle size of the crushed materials is 0.4 mm; the protein material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60 parts of soybean enzymolysis protein, 2 parts of whey powder and 20 parts of soybean protein concentrate; the basic energy material is puffed rice;
(2) mixing 1 part of probiotics and a mixture of medium-chain fatty acids, 0.5 part of crystalline amino acid, 10 parts of calcium-phosphorus salt supplement, 0.05 part of flavoring agent and 1 part of anti-caking agent for later use; wherein the probiotic is Bacillus licheniformis, and the total colony number is 4.0X109cfu/g, the weight ratio of the probiotics to the medium-chain fatty acids is 2: 1; the crystal amino acid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.15 part of methionine; 0.5 part of lysine; 0.1 part of valine; 0.12 part of threonine; the calcium phosphate supplement is calcium lactate; the flavoring agent is leda fragrance; the anti-caking agent is silicon dioxide;
(3) mixing the mixed materials obtained in the step (1) and the step (2) for later use;
(4) and (3) spraying 7 parts of fish oil with the total content of DHA and EPA of more than 35% into the mixed material obtained in the step (3) by using a grease sprayer, mixing and spraying at a constant speed, and mixing to obtain the fish meal substitute.
Example 11
(1) Crushing 35 parts of protein material and 18 parts of basic energy material for later use; wherein the average particle size of the crushed materials is 0.8 mm; the protein material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of soybean enzymolysis protein, 5 parts of whey powder and 50 parts of soybean protein concentrate; the basic energy material level is puffed oat;
(2) 2 parts of probiotics and a mixture of medium-chain fatty acids, 0.27 part of crystalline amino acid, 1 part of calcium-phosphorus salt supplement, 0.15 part of flavoring agent and 0.6 part of anti-caking agent are mixed for later use; wherein the probiotics is a mixture of bacillus licheniformis and bacillus glutacosus in a weight ratio of 1:1, and the total colony number of the probiotics is 2.8X109cfu/g, the weight ratio of the probiotics to the medium-chain fatty acids is 2: 3; the crystalline amino acidThe paint comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.05 part of methionine; 0.2 part of lysine; 0.01 part of valine; 0.01 part of threonine; the calcium phosphate supplement is calcium lactate; the flavoring agent is neohesperidin dihydrochalcone; the anti-caking agent is calcium silicate;
(3) mixing the mixed materials obtained in the step (1) and the step (2) for later use;
(4) and (3) spraying 10 parts of fish oil with the total content of DHA and EPA being more than 20% into the mixed material in the step (3) by using a grease sprayer, mixing and spraying at a constant speed, and mixing to obtain the fish meal substitute.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example is selected from Chinese patent literature (CN106804938A), and specifically is a compound premix, which is specifically as follows: mixing 2kg of rice enzymolysis protein and 1kg of Hamlet protein to obtain fish meal substitute composition; 2.5kg of soybean protein concentrate, 5.4kg of fat-optimizing agent, 5kg of glucose, 0.177kg of acidifier, 0.2kg of mildew preventive, 6kg of carrier-containing piglet composite multi-vitamin, 0.28kg of monocalcium phosphate and 0.04kg of lysine are mixed to prepare auxiliary materials, and the fish meal replacing composition is mixed with the auxiliary materials to obtain the composite premix. This premix was used to compare the fish meal replacement of the present invention. Wherein the above-mentioned weight does not limit the total amount used, and is used as a proportion.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example is selected from Chinese patent literature (CN106804938A), and specifically relates to a fish meal-free nursery pig feed, which is prepared by adding 33.7kg of primary corn, 15kg of puffed corn, 14.4kg of peeled soybean meal, 10kg of flour and 4.3kg of fermented soybean meal to the composite premix in the comparative example 1 and mixing to obtain a fish meal-free nursery pig feed; the feed is used for comparing the feed prepared by using the fish meal substitute of the invention; wherein the above-mentioned weight does not limit the total amount used, and is used as a proportion.
Test examples
Application of fish meal substitute in weaned pig feed
The specific application method is as follows: the breeding place is located in the region of Holland, Harbin city, 560 heads of 28-day-old weaned piglets (Changbai & Dabai & Duroc) are selected and evenly distributed according to the types of feeds, 40 heads of a feed experiment are carried out, and the weight of each head is 7.2 +/-0.5 kg. Of the 40 piglets, 5 replicates were treated, and 8 replicates were used. The test period was 14 days. The diets were formulated with reference to NRC (2012), and all treatment formulas are shown in table 1. Wherein the control group daily ration contains 4% of Peru-grade 65% protein fish meal, and finally obtaining piglet fish meal feed; the treatment group contained 8% of the fish meal substitute of any one of examples 1 to 11 of the present invention and comparative example 1, and finally, piglet feeds of examples 1 to 11 and piglet feed of comparative example 1 were obtained, and at the same time, the feed obtained in comparative example 2 was used as piglet feed of comparative example 2. All the feed raw materials required by the invention are produced by Tianjin Dikhavi animal nutrition company; the feed raw materials of the comparative example are the common feed raw materials in the companies and the market except for the corresponding companies. The growth performance, diarrhoea and mortality of piglets were recorded during the test period according to the method of the chenshui soldier et al (2020); according to the method of the sea chain tissue and the like (2020), intestinal tract samples of piglets are collected after the experiment is finished to determine the intestinal tract morphology. All data are presented as the mean of the individual treatment groups.
Wherein, the method of the Schencommander and the like (2020) is selected from the following steps: influence of bacillus subtilis on growth performance, intestinal morphology, mucosal immunity and flora number of weaned piglets, animal nutrition declaration, 2020,32(05): 2066-2073; a method of Laminaria japonica et al (2020) is selected from: the liver layer of the baby pig is the sea level, Zhanggan, Xuzhuhua, etc. the bacillus licheniformis has the influence on the intestinal morphology, the intestinal mucosa antioxidant capacity and the immunity of lipopolysaccharide stress piglets, the animal nutrition bulletin 2020,32(2):586 + 595.
TABLE 1 feed formula for weaned piglets used in the test
TABLE 2 growth Performance results for piglets in each experimental group
After 14 days of feeding, the growth performance of the experimental piglets is shown in table 2. Compared with a fish meal feed group, the fish meal substitute group disclosed by the invention is remarkably better in the aspects of average daily gain, average daily feed intake and feed conversion rate, and the piglet diarrhea rate of the fish meal substitute group is lower. Compared with the two comparative example groups, the piglet feed group with the fish meal substitute is obviously better in piglet production performance and diarrhea resistance. Therefore, the fish meal substitute can completely replace the fish meal in the daily ration of the weaned pig, and has better growth promotion and diarrhea resistance; compared with the feed in the market, the fish meal substitute daily ration is also better.
TABLE 3 results of piglet intestinal morphology
The experimental results in table 3 show that the intestinal villus height and ratio of the villus height to the crypt depth of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum of the fish meal replacement composition piglet are significantly higher than those of the fish meal composition piglet; compared with the two feeds in the comparative example, the fish meal substitute group provided by the invention also obviously improves the intestinal morphology of piglets. Therefore, the fish meal substitute group can obviously improve the intestinal tract shape of the piglets and promote the intestinal tract development, which is probably one of the mechanisms for improving the production performance of the piglets.
The data show that the addition of the fish meal substitute obviously improves the growth performance of piglets, obviously improves the intestinal form of the piglets, promotes the development of the intestinal tract and reduces the diarrhea rate; and obviously reduce the cost of the feed.
Application of fish meal substitute in pregnant sow feed
The specific application method is as follows: the breeding place is located in the Xiaoshan region of Hangzhou city, 560 binary primary sows (Changbai and Dabai) are selected and evenly distributed according to the types of the feed, 40 pigs in one feed experiment are treated for 5 times, and 8 piglets are repeated in 40 pigs. After the second or third estrus, artificial insemination was performed while the body weight was 150 + -5 kg. Ingredients were prepared according to the formulation of Table 4, in which a control group containing 15Kg of 65% protein fish meal finally obtained a pregnant fish meal feed, a treatment group containing 30Kg of the fish meal substitute of any one of examples 1 to 11 of the present invention and comparative example 1 finally obtained examples 1 to 11 and comparative example 1 pregnant feeds, and at the same time, the feed obtained in comparative example 2 was used as the pregnant feed in comparative example 2. All the feed raw materials required by the invention are produced by Tianjin Dikhavi animal nutrition company; the feed raw materials of the comparative example are the common feed raw materials in the companies and the market except for the corresponding companies. Feeding different treatment daily rations (formula is shown in table 4) from the day of breeding, 3kg daily, freely drinking water, and performing conventional feeding measures; according to the method of Liu dynasty, etc. (2019), pregnancy is measured respectively on the 30 th day and the 55 th day after hybridization, and the pregnancy rate is measured; reproductive performance of sows was recorded according to the method of Luchunlian et al (2020). The data for each treatment group are presented as mean calculations.
Wherein the method of Liu Chaoyang et al (2019) is selected from: liu Chaoyang, Liqian Jun, Liyanhua and the like, research on influence of high-temperature season timing semen deposition on reproductive performance of replacement gilts, science of pig industry, 2019,36(5): 106-; the method of Luchunlian et al (2020) is selected from: the multiple strains of fermented rice hull powder have influence on the feed intake, the production performance and serum hormones of sows, Chinese veterinary science reports that 5 months in 2020, v.40; no.281(05) 1000-.
TABLE 4 pregnant sow feed formula
TABLE 5 pregnancy rates of sows at 30 and 55 days of gestation
As shown in table 5, the fish meal replacement group of the present invention had higher pregnancy rates in both 30 and 55 days of sow pregnancy than the fish meal group; compared with the two pregnant feeds in the comparative example, the pregnant sow feed of the fish meal substitute group is also higher in pregnancy. Therefore, the fish meal substitute can improve the pregnancy rate of sows.
TABLE 6 reproductive performance index of sows
Table 6 shows the performance of the sows in each treatment group. As can be seen from the table, the total number of produced sows, number of produced live sows, litter average weight of newborn piglets and average newborn weight average weight of piglets of the group of the fish meal substitute are higher than those of the group of the fish meal. Compared with the two pregnant feeds in the comparative example, the reproductive performance of the sow in the fish meal replacement group and the sow in the fish meal group is better. Accordingly, the fish meal substitute can improve the child-bearing performance of pregnant sows.
In conclusion, the fish meal substitute provided by the invention obviously improves the conception rate of pregnant sows, and improves the litter size and weight of newborn sows; improves the reproductive performance of the sows and saves the feed cost.
Application of fish meal substitute in lactating sow feed
The specific application method is as follows: the breeding place is located in the Mingma shop, Yongshan county, 420 pure-breed first-fetus large-white lactation (Changbai-white) are selected and evenly distributed according to the types of the feed, and 30 feed experiments are carried out. Feeding of the feed was started 3 days before parturition, 2kg daily. The lactating feed was formulated according to the formulation of Table 7, wherein the control group contained 25Kg of 65% protein fish meal to finally obtain a lactating fish meal feed, the treatment group contained 50Kg of the fish meal substitute of any one of examples 1 to 11 of the present invention and comparative example 1 to finally obtain the lactating feeds of examples 1 to 11 and comparative example 1, and at the same time, the feed obtained in comparative example 2 was used as the lactating feed of comparative example 2. Within 48 hours after delivery, piglets born to sows of each experimental group were adjusted to 11. The parturition is fed at 2.0kg/d day 1, then the parturition is increased by 0.5kg daily, the day 6 starts to feed freely (based on the principle that the trough is slightly full of food), and the parturition is fed for 3 times daily. All sows and piglets were weaned on day 21. Recording the feed intake and backfat loss of the nursing sow according to the method of the Sunyingxue and the like (2019); the performance of piglets was recorded according to bear game et al (2020). The data in each treatment group are represented by mean calculations.
Wherein the method of Sun glumes et al (2019) is selected from: the glucose oxidase has the influence on the feed intake, nutrient digestibility and backfat of Dan series white sows, the Chinese livestock breeding journal, 2019,55(2) is 99-102; bear chess, etc. (2020) by a method selected from: bear in a certain weight, Zhangbo, Shenkang, Relong, Sunhua, Zhao Shengjun and Ningying, the influence of the addition of rare earth chelate in the daily ration with different protein levels on the sows and the suckling piglets thereof, Chinese animal husbandry and veterinary medicine 2020, v.47(09): 2841-2848).
TABLE 7 lactation feed formula
TABLE 8 daily feed intake and backfat thickness variation of lactating sows
As can be seen from the data in table 8, the feed intake of the lactating sows was higher in the fish meal replacement group of the present invention compared to the fish meal group, and the loss of backfat during lactation of the sows was significantly reduced. Compared with the two lactating sow feeds in the comparative examples, the fish meal substitute obviously improves the feed intake of sows and reduces the loss of backfat. Therefore, the fish meal substitute can improve the feed intake of the lactating sow, reduce the body condition loss during lactation and improve the reproductive performance of the sow. As can be seen from Table 9, the weight of the weaning litter of the lactating sows in the fish meal substitute group is significantly higher than that in the fish meal group, and the use of the fish meal substitute significantly improves the daily gain and the survival rate of the piglets and reduces the diarrhea rate of the piglets before weaning.
TABLE 9 growth Performance of piglets in each experimental group
Table 9 shows the performance of the piglets of each treatment group. As can be seen from the table, the piglet performance of the lactating sows in the fish meal replacement group of the present invention was significantly superior to the fish meal group in terms of weaning survival rate, weaning litter weight and average daily gain. Compared with the comparative example, the fish meal substitute group of the invention has better production performance on suckling piglets. Therefore, the fish meal substitute can improve the milk of the lactating sows and promote the growth and survival of piglets.
In conclusion, the fish meal substitute provided by the invention can be used for remarkably improving the feed intake of lactating sows, the weight of weaned piglets and the survival rate of the piglets before weaning; reduces the loss of the back fat of the sows and the diarrhea rate of piglets in the lactation period.
It should be noted that the granularity of the crushed material in the step (1) is not limited to the above range, and the above range is only the granularity of the base material which is relatively common in the pig breeding process; the mixing method of the fish oil can be selected from the existing mixing method. When the probiotic is a mixture of bacillus licheniformis and bacillus glutacosus, the proportion is not particularly limited, and 1:1 is selected in the invention, as long as the preferable total colony number is 2.8-4X109The cfu/g is just needed.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.