Pig milk fat-replacing composition simulating pig milk fatty acid composition
阅读说明：本技术 一种模拟猪乳脂肪酸组成的猪乳替代脂组合物 (Pig milk fat-replacing composition simulating pig milk fatty acid composition ) 是由 金俊 任翠荣 张燕兵 王兴国 金青哲 赵世伟 于 2021-03-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种模拟猪乳脂肪酸组成的猪乳替代脂组合物。由多种基料油调配而成,其中基料油包括鱼油、亚油酸型植物油、棕榈油,以质量分数计,配比为10%～40%鱼油,10%～55%亚油酸型植物油,10%～60%棕榈油,其中鱼油为棕榈油酸含量4%以上的鱼油,亚油酸型植物油为亚油酸含量50%以上亚油酸型植物油,亚油酸型植物油为亚油酸含量50%以上亚油酸型植物油,该猪乳替代脂组合物与猪乳相似性得分80分以上(满分100,下同),能够显著的提高我国仔猪的存活率和断奶体重,具有较大经济意义和社会效益。(A fat substitute composition for pig milk simulating fatty acid composition of pig milk is provided. The fat-replacing composition is prepared by blending various base oil materials, wherein the base oil materials comprise 10-40% of fish oil, 10-55% of linoleic acid type vegetable oil and 10-60% of palm oil in percentage by mass, the fish oil material is fish oil with the palmitoleic acid content of more than 4%, the linoleic acid type vegetable oil material is linoleic acid type vegetable oil with the linoleic acid content of more than 50%, the similarity score of the fat-replacing composition with the pig milk is more than 80 (full score is 100, the same below), the survival rate and the weaning weight of piglets in China can be remarkably improved, and the fat-replacing composition has great economic significance and social benefit.)
1. A porcine milk-substitute fat composition that mimics the fatty acid composition of porcine milk, comprising: the pig milk substitute fat composition is prepared by blending various base oil, wherein the base oil comprises 10-40% of fish oil, 10-55% of linoleic acid type vegetable oil and 10-60% of palm oil in percentage by mass; the fish oil is fish oil with the palmitoleic acid content of more than 4 percent; the linoleic acid type vegetable oil is linoleic acid type vegetable oil with linoleic acid content of more than 50%.
2. The fat substitute composition for swine milk that mimics the fatty acid composition of swine milk of claim 2, wherein: the fish oil is one or more of sardine oil, perch oil and salmon oil.
3. The fat substitute composition for swine milk that mimics the fatty acid composition of swine milk of claim 4, wherein: the linoleic acid type vegetable oil is one or more of soybean oil, sunflower seed oil, corn oil and cottonseed oil.
4. The fat substitute composition for swine milk that mimics the fatty acid composition of swine milk of claim 1, wherein: the palm oil comprises one or more of palm oil, fractionation products thereof and red palm oil.
5. The porcine milk fat substitute composition for simulating the fatty acid composition of porcine milk of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the fatty acid composition of the pig milk substitute fat composition comprises 1-3% of myristic acid (C14: 0), 19-23% of palmitic acid (C16:0), 2-6% of palmitoleic acid (C16:1), 5-6% of stearic acid (C18:0), 26-31% of oleic acid (C18:1), 28-34% of linoleic acid (C18:2) and 1-2% of linolenic acid (C18: 3).
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of animal nutrition and feed science in the animal husbandry discipline, in particular to a pig milk fat-replacing composition simulating the composition of pig milk fatty acid.
Background
The marketing amount of live pigs in China accounts for more than half of the total amount of the whole world, the number of piglets born each year is 8-9 hundred million, the survival rate is about 80%, and the survival rate of piglets in developed countries in Europe and America such as Denmark, the Netherlands and the like can be up to more than 90%. By reckoning, about 1 hundred million piglets are lost in China every year, and the direct economic loss reaches 150-400 million yuan. In addition, according to the calculation of the livestock industry in China, if the weight of a weaned piglet is 0.5kg, the weight of the weaned piglet is 5kg, and the loss is further increased. The pig milk is the most ideal food for the piglets, and the insufficient intake of the pig milk is proved to be an important reason for the low survival rate and the low weaning weight of the piglets. Therefore, the feeding of the milk powder for the piglets becomes an important measure for solving the problem of insufficient milk intake of the piglets.
Pig milk is a complex biological fluid containing protein, fat, vitamins, oligosaccharides, lactose and other bioactive compounds. Fat in the pig milk exists in a fat ball shape, is easy to digest and absorb, and although the fat only accounts for 3% -8% of the wet base of the pig milk, more than 50% of energy required by the life activities of piglets is provided.
The main components of the fat in the pig milk are various fatty acids, and the fatty acids of the pig milk mainly comprise long-chain fatty acids, mainly comprising oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid and the like. The fatty acid composition of the pig milk is reasonable, the nutritional and immune requirements of piglets can be met, and the pig milk is vital to the survival of the piglets. However, the composition of the fatty acids in the pig milk is not constant, and factors such as daily ration of the sow, lactation period and sow breed influence the fatty acid composition of the pig milk. Whether the fatty acid composition of the pig milk can be simulated is a key factor for determining the high and low nutritional value of the formula of the milk powder for piglets.
In the European and American countries, some piglet milk powder products have been developed, and in terms of fat in the formula, the products only simulate the fat content of the piglet milk and do not simulate the fatty acid composition of the piglet milk, and the similarity score of the fatty acid composition of the piglet milk powder and the fatty acid composition of the piglet milk is mostly below 0.45, so that the feeding effect of the piglet milk powder is influenced.
In conclusion, the low intake and low quality of the piglet's milk (or powdered milk for the piglet) are important reasons for the low survival rate and low weaning weight of the piglet. Therefore, various piglet milk powder products have been developed in European and American countries, but the difference between the fatty acid composition in the formula of the piglet milk powder products and the observed value of the fatty acid composition of the piglet milk powder products is large, so that the feeding effect of the piglet milk powder is influenced. On the basis of systematically analyzing the fatty acid composition of pig milk in China, a formula of milk powder grease for piglets (the fat composition is replaced by the pig milk for short) different from the European and American national standards is autonomously developed, and then formula milk powder with the fatty acid composition closer to the pig milk level in China and suitable for the growth of piglets in China is produced, so that the formula milk powder has important significance for improving the survival rate and the weaning weight of the piglets in China.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a pig milk fat-replacing composition simulating the composition of pig milk fatty acid aiming at the defects of the prior art. The similarity score of the pig milk fat-replacing composition and the pig milk is more than 80 points (full score is 100, the same below), the survival rate and the weaning weight of piglets in China can be obviously improved, and the pig milk fat-replacing composition has great economic significance and social benefit.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the pig milk substitute fat composition is prepared by blending various base oil, wherein the base oil comprises 10-40% of fish oil, 10-55% of linoleic acid type vegetable oil and 10-60% of palm oil in percentage by mass.
Wherein the fish oil is fish oil with palmitoleic acid content of more than 4%.
Wherein the fish oil can be preferably one or more of sardine oil, weever oil and salmon oil.
Wherein the linoleic acid type vegetable oil is linoleic acid type vegetable oil with the linoleic acid content of more than 50 percent.
Wherein the above-mentioned linoleic acid type vegetable oil can be preferably one or more of soybean oil, sunflower seed oil, corn oil and cotton seed oil.
Wherein the palm oil comprises one or more of palm oil and its fractionation product, and red palm oil.
The fatty acid composition of the pig milk fat-replacing composition comprises 1-3% of myristic acid (C14: 0), 19-23% of palmitic acid (C16:0), 2-6% of palmitoleic acid (C16:1), 5-6% of stearic acid (C18:0), 26-31% of oleic acid (C18:1), 28-34% of linoleic acid (C18:2) and 1-2% of linolenic acid (C18: 3).
The blending equation of the pig milk fat-replacing composition is as follows:
equation 1: c14, A is more than or equal to 01%11 X1+A12 X2+A13 X3+A1n Xn≤3%
Equation 2: c16, 019% is less than or equal to A21 X1+A22 X2+A23 X3+A2n Xn≤23%
Equation 3: c16, 12 percent to A41 X1+A42 X2+A43 X3+A4n Xn≤6%
……
……
Equation 7: c18, A is more than or equal to 31 percentm1 Xn+Am2 Xn+Am3 Xn+AmnXn≤2%
Wherein: a. themnThe content of the mth index of the nth base oil is shown as a matrix; xnRepresents the nth base oil. Equations 1 to 7 are fatty acid compositions of pig milk, 7 indexes are counted, and the programming is solved by adopting an Fmincon function in Matlab R2019a software.
The similarity score calculated for the fatty acid composition of the porcine milk replacement fat composition and the fatty acid composition of the porcine milk for the three importation piglets was as follows:
wherein G isFARepresents the similarity score of fatty acids, with a full score of 100; n is the number of fatty acid composition indicators; biRepresents the measured value of ith fatty acid of the pig milk instead of fat; a isiRepresents the end value of the ith fatty acid of the pig milk.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the similarity score of the pig milk fat-replacing composition and the pig milk is more than 80 points (full score is 100, the same below), the pig milk fat-replacing composition is closer to the pig milk, the defecation of piglets using the pig milk fat-replacing composition is more regular, the excrement is softer and more shapeable, the survival rate of the piglets is improved by more than 10%, the weaning weight of the piglets is improved by 10-50%, and the economic benefit and the social benefit of pig raising are greatly improved.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution of the present invention more clear, the present invention is further described below with examples.
Example calculation tool description:
the similarity score calculation formula for the fatty acid composition of the pig milk replacement fat composition and the fatty acid composition of the three imported piglet milk powders and the pig milk was as follows (industry general):
wherein G isFARepresents the similarity score of fatty acids, with a full score of 100; n is the number of fatty acid composition indicators; biRepresents the measured value of ith fatty acid of the pig milk instead of fat; a isiRepresents the end value of the ith fatty acid of the pig milk.
In addition, in examples C14:0 is myristic acid; c16:0 is palmitic acid; c16:1 is palmitoleic acid; c18:0 is stearic acid; c18:1 is oleic acid; c18:2 is linoleic acid; and C18:3 is linolenic acid.
Fatty acid analysis of pig milk in our country and countries in europe and america:
see table 1 for fatty acid composition of pig milk in europe and america (data from Chantal farm, The geostating and Lactating Sow [ D ]. Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2015.), and The inventors also systematically analyzed The fatty acid composition of pig milk of different regions (88 heads in Shandong, 46 heads in Liaoning, 75 heads in Jiangsu), different lactation periods (74 heads in colostrum, 135 heads in normal milk) and different varieties (119 heads in Dagao binary, 4 heads in Dabai, 4 heads in Dalock, 4 heads in Petland, 55 heads in Erhualian, and 19 heads in Du) in our country, and The measured value range is shown in The fatty acid composition part data of pig milk in china in table 1.
TABLE 1 fatty acid composition of pig milk (95% confidence interval)
Table 1 shows that domestic pig milk and European and American pig milk have similar fatty acid composition characteristics, such as palmitoleic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid, but the relative proportions are significantly different, so that domestic piglets are not scientific and practical problems of the invention cannot be solved by directly feeding domestic piglets with milk powder products for European and American piglets.
The pig milk substitute fat composition is prepared by blending various base oil, wherein the base oil comprises 10-40% of fish oil, 10-55% of linoleic acid type vegetable oil and 10-60% of palm oil in percentage by mass, the fish oil is fish oil with the palmitoleic acid content of more than 4%, and can be preferably one or more of sardine oil, weever oil and salmon oil; the linoleic acid type vegetable oil is linoleic acid type vegetable oil with linoleic acid content of more than 50%, and can be preferably one or more of soybean oil, sunflower seed oil, corn oil and cottonseed oil; the palm oil comprises one or more of palm oil, fractionation products thereof and red palm oil.
The blending equation of the pig milk fat-replacing composition is as follows:
equation 1: c14, A is more than or equal to 01%11 X1+A12 X2+A13 X3+A1n Xn≤3%
Equation 2: c16, 019% is less than or equal to A21 X1+A22 X2+A23 X3+A2n Xn≤23%
Equation 3: c16, 12 percent to A41 X1+A42 X2+A43 X3+A4n Xn≤6%
……
……
Equation 7: c18, A is more than or equal to 31 percentm1 Xn+Am2 Xn+Am3 Xn+AmnXn≤2%
Wherein: a. themnThe content of the mth index of the nth base oil is shown as a matrix; xnRepresents the nth base oil. Equations 1 to 7 are fatty acid compositions of pig milk, 7 indexes are counted, and the programming is solved by adopting an Fmincon function in Matlab R2019a software.
The fatty acids of the porcine milk-alternative fat composition were controlled within the following criteria by the above formulation method: 1-3% of myristic acid (C14: 0), 19-23% of palmitic acid (C16:0), 2-6% of palmitoleic acid (C16:1), 5-6% of stearic acid (C18:0), 26-31% of oleic acid (C18:1), 28-34% of linoleic acid (C18:2) and 1-2% of linolenic acid (C18: 3).
The invention relates to a pig milk fat-replacing composition, which comprises the following specific embodiments:
example 1: a composition containing sardine oil, corn oil and palm oil as base oil for replacing fat is prepared. The optimal mixture ratio meeting the fat composition condition of the pig milk is sardine oil, namely corn oil and palm oil =30.78%, 54.56% and 14.66%, and the similarity score of the fatty acid composition of the sardine oil and the fatty acid composition of the pig milk is 93.48.
Example 2: the lard substitute fat composition is prepared by taking weever oil, palm oil and cottonseed oil as base oil. The optimal mixture ratio meeting the fat composition condition of the pig milk is obtained by mixing weever oil, palm oil and cottonseed oil =38.85%, 16.84% and 44.31%, and the similarity score of the fatty acid composition of the weever oil and the fatty acid composition of the pig milk is 84.49.
Example 3: the lard substitute fat composition is prepared by taking salmon oil, sunflower seed oil, palm oil and soybean oil as base oil. The optimal mixture ratio meeting the fat composition condition of the pig milk is salmon oil, sunflower oil, palm oil and soybean oil =30.08%, 23.87%, 30.88% and 15.18%, and the similarity score of the fatty acid composition and the fatty acid composition of the pig milk is 95.33.
Example 4: the fat composition is prepared from sardine oil, sunflower seed oil, palm oil and soybean oil as base oil. The optimal mixture ratio meeting the fat composition condition of the pig milk comprises sardine oil, sunflower seed oil, palm oil and soybean oil =28.75%, 20.32%, 30.33%, 20.60%, and the similarity score of the fatty acid composition of the sardine oil, the sunflower seed oil, the palm oil and the soybean oil to the fatty acid composition of the pig milk is 99.53.
The fatty acid composition data for the fat-substitute composition of porcine milk obtained in the above example are as follows (see table 2):
TABLE 2 fatty acid composition (%)
Name of fatty acid
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Example 4
C14:0
3.00
2.82
1.83
3.00
C16:0
19.00
23.14
19.00
22.01
C16:1
3.59
5.38
2.00
3.31
C18:0
4.08
2.76
3.52
4.84
C18:1
28.75
21.35
31.98
28.58
C18:2
30.33
28.00
29.26
28.00
C18:3
0.72
0.55
2.00
1.62
Similarity score
93.48
84.49
95.33
99.53
Table 2 shows that the fatty acid composition of the fat-substitute composition for pig milk has a similarity score higher than 80 points with the fatty acid composition of pig milk, and has a high similarity with pig milk.
Comparative example:
table 3 shows the fatty acid composition of two types of imported piglet milk powders (taigao, pig milk).
Table 3 fatty acid composition of milk powder for imported piglet (%)
Name of fatty acid
Milk powder for piglets 1
Milk powder for piglets 2
C10:0
1.24
0.4
C12:0
11.13
11.13
C14:0
5.63
5.12
C16:0
38.01
34.83
C18:0
4.96
4.51
C18:1
29.51
34.53
C18:2
7.05
8.18
Similarity score
0.39
0.41
Table 3 shows the fatty acid compositions of two types of imported piglet milk powders (taigao and gaoyou), which are greatly different from the observed values of the european and american pig milk fatty acid compositions reported in table 1, and the similarity scores between the fatty acid compositions and the pig milk fatty acid compositions are calculated to be only 0.39 point and 0.41 point, respectively, so that it is known that although the piglet milk powder products developed in the european and american countries only simulate the fat content of the pig milk in terms of the fat in the formula, the products do not simulate the fatty acid composition of the pig milk, and have a large difference from the actual fatty acid of the pig milk.
In conclusion, by adopting the method, the similarity score of the fatty acid composition of the fat-substitute composition of the pig milk and the fatty acid composition of the pig milk is higher than 80, and is obviously higher than that of the mainstream European and American products in the existing market.
Application experiments:
the inventor conducts an experiment in a certain scale of pasture in Fujian to verify, selects 25 litters of healthy growing binary piglets with similar gestation times, leads partial pigs with larger body weight to be weaned in advance at the age of about 4 days, and divides the pigs into a test group, a control group 1 and a control group 2 according to the body weight and the head number (the body weight of the test group is relatively lower, and the control group is relatively higher).
The control group 2 after weaning was fed with only weaning feed, the control group 1 after weaning was fed with weaning feed, and the experimental group was fed with powdered milk for piglets 1 containing the fat-substituted porcine milk prepared in example 4 on the basis of providing weaning feed.
The results of experimental data on the survival rate and weight gain of piglets fed for 21 days and 21 days after weaning are shown in table 4 after the piglets are all fed for 2 times every day, once in the morning and evening respectively.
TABLE 4 survival and weight gain of piglets 21 days after weaning
Group of
Number of heads
Birth weight (kg/head)
Average weight after 21 days weaning (kg/head)
Average daily weight gain (g)
Survival rate (%)
Experimental group
25
1.51
9.03
0.36
93
Control group 1
25
1.52
8.01
0.31
85
Control group 2
25
1.52
7.78
0.30
82
The experimental results show that: comparing the initial body weights of the experimental group and the control group 2, the weight of the experimental group is increased by 1.25 kg/head after weaning compared with the control group 2, the daily average weight gain is increased by 0.06g and 20 percent; the survival rate is improved by 11 percent; comparing the initial body weights of the experimental group and the control group 1, wherein the weight of the experimental group is increased by 1.02 kg/head after weaning compared with that of the control group 1, the daily average weight is increased by 0.05g and 16 percent; the survival rate is improved by 8 percent. Feeding experiments show that compared with the existing weaning feed and the existing market pig milk product, the pig milk substitute composition obviously improves the weight gain and the piglet survival rate after weaning. Meanwhile, the fat-substituted pig milk composition is further proved to have high similarity of the fatty acid composition and the pig milk, be more beneficial to digestion and absorption of piglets and be more in line with the nutritional requirements of the piglets.
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