阅读说明：本技术 小口径旋转炮弹弹头机械触发引信 (Mechanical trigger fuse for small-caliber rotary shell warhead ) 是由 王雨时 尹朝峰 于 2021-06-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种小口径旋转炮弹弹头机械触发引信,包括引信上体、弹簧、击针、离心球、裂环、球盖、针刺雷管、隔离球、开口环、引信本体、保险销、剪切销和传爆管。其中隔离球和针刺雷管等构成球转子实现隔爆和延期解除保险,保险销和剪切销等构成球转子的后坐保险,开口环实现球转子的离心保险。上体中的弹簧-击针-离心球发火机构实现碰击触发、大着角触发、防雨和离心自毁。裂环实现弹簧-击针-离心球发火机构的离心保险。在球转子意外未转正的情况下,击针尖插入球转子上的保险销孔,或击针尖触碰球转子表面而损毁,引信进入自失效状态。本发明结构简约,成本低廉,安全性高。(The invention discloses a small-caliber rotary shell warhead mechanical trigger fuse which comprises a fuse upper body, a spring, a firing pin, a centrifugal ball, a split ring, a ball cover, a needle-punched detonator, an isolation ball, a split ring, a fuse body, a safety pin, a shearing pin and a booster tube. The isolation ball and the needle detonator form a ball rotor to realize explosion suppression and delay relief, the safety pin and the shearing pin form a recoil safety of the ball rotor, and the split ring realizes centrifugal safety of the ball rotor. The spring-firing pin-centrifugal ball firing mechanism in the upper body realizes impact triggering, large attack angle triggering, rain prevention and centrifugal self-destruction. The split ring realizes the centrifugal safety of the spring-striker-centrifugal ball firing mechanism. Under the condition that the ball rotor is not rotated correctly by accident, the striking pin point is inserted into a safety pin hole on the ball rotor, or the striking pin point touches the surface of the ball rotor to be damaged, and the fuse enters a self-failure state. The invention has simple structure, low cost and high safety.)

1. The utility model provides a rotatory shell warhead machinery trigger fuze of small-bore which characterized in that: the detonator comprises a detonator upper body (1), a spring (2), a firing pin (3), a split ring (5), a ball cover (6), an isolation ball (8), a split ring (9), a detonator body (10), a safety pin (11), a shearing pin (12), a booster tube (13), two acupuncture detonators (7) and a plurality of centrifugal balls (4); one end of the ball cover (6) extends into the fuse upper body (1) and is fixedly connected with the fuse upper body, the other end of the ball cover (6) extends into the fuse body (10) and is fixedly connected with the fuse body, the fuse upper body (1), the ball cover (6) and the fuse body (10) form an installation cavity together, and the tail part of the fuse body (10) is connected with the detonating tube (13); the spring (2), the firing pin (3), the split ring (5) and the safety pin (11) are coaxially arranged in the mounting cavity from top to bottom; the safety pin (11) is locked in the isolating ball (8) by the shearing pin (12);

a ninth-order hole, a tenth-order hole, an eleventh-order hole, a twelfth-order hole and a thirteenth-order hole are formed from top to bottom along the central axis of the fuse body (10), the eleventh-order hole is formed by a tapered arc-shaped hole and a second straight hole from top to bottom, the eleventh-order hole serves as a second explosion transfer channel, the ninth-order hole is connected with the ball cover (6), the ball cover (6) and the tenth-order hole and the eleventh-order hole of the fuse body (10) form a ball rotor chamber, the isolation ball (8) is arranged in the ball rotor chamber, the split ring (9) is clamped on the isolation ball (8) and is located in the tenth-order hole, the twelfth-order hole and the thirteenth-order hole are internally provided with an explosion transfer tube (13), the two pin detonators (7) are symmetrically arranged in the isolation ball (8), and the two pin detonators (7), the safety pin (11), the shearing pin (12) and the isolation ball (8) form a rotating part, namely a rotor ball.

2. The small-caliber rotary projectile warhead mechanical trigger fuze of claim 1, wherein: the firing pin (3) comprises a third cylinder, a fourth cylinder and a firing pin tip which are sequentially connected from top to bottom; the top surface of the third cylinder is downwards provided with a first blind hole, a plurality of second blind holes vertical to the axis of the firing pin are uniformly and symmetrically formed along the circumferential direction of the outer side wall of the third cylinder, a centrifugal ball (4) is arranged in each blind hole, the bottom surface of the third cylinder is provided with a first annular groove, and the first annular groove is positioned at the adjacent position of the third cylinder and the fourth cylinder and used for assembling a split ring (5).

3. The small-caliber rotary projectile warhead mechanical trigger fuze of claim 2, wherein: the diameter of a third cylinder on the firing pin (3) is larger than that of a fourth cylinder.

4. The small-caliber rotary projectile warhead mechanical trigger fuze of claim 2, wherein: the head of the fuse upper body (1) is oval, a second annular groove is formed in the outer wall of the head, a first fourth-step stepped blind hole with the decreasing aperture is formed in the bottom surface of the fuse upper body (1) upwards along the central axis of the fuse upper body, the first fourth-step stepped blind hole, the second fourth-step stepped blind hole, the first fourth-step stepped blind hole and the third fourth-step stepped blind hole are sequentially formed, a thread is arranged in the first step hole, the diameter of the second step hole is larger than that of a third cylinder, the second step hole is used for accommodating a centrifugal ball (4), the third step hole is in clearance fit with a third cylinder of a firing pin (3), axial direction guiding is provided for the firing pin (3), one end of the spring (2) abuts against the bottom of the fourth-step hole, and the other end of the spring abuts against a first blind hole of the firing pin (3).

5. The small-caliber rotary projectile warhead mechanical trigger fuze of claim 2, wherein: the safety pin (11) comprises a fifth cylinder, a sixth cylinder and a seventh cylinder which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the fifth cylinder is provided with a fourth blind hole downwards from the top surface, the diameter of the sixth cylinder is smaller than that of the fifth cylinder and that of the seventh cylinder, and the diameters of the fifth cylinder and that of the seventh cylinder are equal.

6. The small-caliber rotary projectile warhead mechanical trigger fuze of claim 5, wherein: the depth of the fourth blind hole is larger than the length of the firing pin point, the fourth blind hole is used for preventing the firing pin point at the bottom end of the firing pin (3) from contacting with the top end of the safety pin (11) to lose the tip structural characteristic, and the length of a sixth cylinder of the safety pin (11) is larger than the aperture of the connecting hole of the isolation ball (8).

7. The small-caliber rotary projectile warhead mechanical trigger fuze of claim 5, wherein: the fuse ball cover (6) comprises a first cylinder, a truncated cone and a second cylinder which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, the radius of the top surface of the truncated cone is larger than that of the first cylinder, the radius of the bottom surface of the truncated cone is larger than that of the second cylinder, the first cylinder is fixedly connected with a fourth-order hole of the fuse upper body (1), and the second cylinder is fixedly connected with a ninth-order hole of the fuse body (10); the outer wall of the truncated cone is in smooth transition with the outer walls of the fuse upper body (1) and the fuse body (10); a first fourth-step stepped through hole is formed in the ball cover (6) from top to bottom along the central axis, the fifth-step stepped through hole is respectively a fifth-step hole, a sixth-step hole, a seventh-step hole and an eighth-step hole, the fifth-step hole is formed by a reducing hole and a straight hole from top to bottom and is communicated with the second-step hole of the fuse upper body (1), the centrifugal ball (4) moves along the reducing hole, the straight hole is in clearance fit with the third cylinder, the diameter of the sixth-step hole is larger than that of the fifth-step hole and that of the seventh-step hole, the split ring (5) is sleeved on the fourth cylinder and is embedded into the first annular groove, the split ring (5) is located in the sixth-step hole to limit the downward movement of the firing pin (3), the seventh-step hole is in clearance fit with the fourth cylinder of the firing pin (3), the eighth-step hole is formed by a semi-spherical hole and a short straight hole, the diameter of the eighth-step hole is larger than that of the seventh-step hole, the isolation ball (8) is located in the eighth-step hole, and in clearance fit between the eighth-step hole; the safety pin (11) is arranged right below the hitting point of the hitting needle (3), a fifth cylinder of the safety pin (11) extends into the seventh-order hole, the sixth cylinder and the seventh cylinder both extend into the isolation ball (8), and clearance fit is adopted between the safety pin (11) and the seventh-order hole to limit the movement of the ball rotor.

8. The small-caliber rotary projectile warhead mechanical trigger fuze of claim 5, wherein: a pair of detonator mounting holes are symmetrically formed in the isolating ball (8) in a radial sharing mode, a needling detonator (7) is arranged in each detonator mounting hole, the input end of the needling detonator (7) is also the output end of the needling detonator (7) and points to the outer side of the isolating ball (8) to achieve bidirectional ignition, a connecting hole is formed between the two detonator mounting holes to be communicated, the connecting hole serves as an explosion transfer channel, and shock waves and detonation products generated after the needling detonator (7) is detonated can be reliably detonated and located in the other needling detonator (7);

and a third blind hole is also formed in the isolating ball (8), is vertical to the central axis of the booster channel, penetrates through the booster channel and is communicated with the booster channel.

9. The small-caliber rotary projectile warhead mechanical trigger fuze of claim 8, wherein: the other end of the safety pin (11) extends into the third blind hole, and the safety pin and the third blind hole are in clearance fit; a second through hole communicated with the third blind hole is formed at the bottom of each detonator mounting hole, and the two first through holes are equal in height and are positioned above the booster channel; the seventh cylinder is provided with a shearing pin hole, and two ends of the shearing pin (12) respectively extend into the second through hole after penetrating through the shearing pin hole.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the fuze technology, and particularly relates to a mechanical trigger fuze of a small-caliber rotary shell warhead.

Background

With the development of modern war, the requirement for fuze performance is higher and higher, especially for safety. According to the requirements of GJB373B-2019 fuse safety design criteria, fuses generally meet the requirements of explosion suppression, redundancy insurance, triggering, delay insurance relief and the like. Moreover, in order to ensure the safety of explosive treatment of the unexploded explosive, the fuse also needs to have a self-failure function. However, the conventional small-caliber rotating bullet mechanical trigger fuze can not fully meet the safety requirement.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a small-caliber rotary shell warhead mechanical trigger fuse which not only can complete the safety functions of explosion suppression, redundancy insurance, triggering, delay relief and the like required by the fuse, but also has the functions of self-destruction and self-failure.

The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a mechanical trigger fuse for a small-caliber rotary shell warhead comprises a fuse upper body, a spring, a firing pin, a split ring, a ball cover, an isolation ball, a split ring, a fuse body, a safety pin, a shear pin, a booster, two needle-pricked detonators and a plurality of centrifugal balls; one end of the ball cover extends into the fuse upper body and is fixedly connected with the fuse upper body, the other end of the ball cover extends into the fuse body and is fixedly connected with the fuse body, the fuse upper body, the ball cover and the fuse body form an installation cavity together, and the tail part of the fuse body is connected with the booster tube; the spring, the firing pin, the split ring and the safety pin are coaxially arranged in the mounting cavity from top to bottom; the shear pin is locked within the isolation ball by the shear pin.

The fuse comprises a fuse body, and is characterized in that a ninth-order hole, a tenth-order hole, an eleventh-order hole, a twelfth-order hole and a thirteenth-order hole are arranged from top to bottom along the central axis of the fuse body, the eleventh-order hole is formed by a tapered arc-shaped hole and a second straight hole from top to bottom, the eleventh-order hole is used as a second explosion transfer channel, the ninth-order hole is connected with a ball cover, the ball cover and the tenth-order hole and the eleventh-order hole of the fuse body form a ball rotor chamber, an isolation ball is arranged in the ball rotor chamber, a split ring is clamped on the isolation ball and is positioned in the tenth-order hole, explosion transfer tubes are arranged in the twelfth-order hole and the thirteenth-order hole, and two acupuncture detonators are symmetrically arranged in the isolation ball.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:

(1) under the constraint condition of smaller size, the requirements of GJB-373B-2019 fuze safety design criterion are comprehensively met, and the requirements specifically comprise explosion suppression, redundancy insurance, triggering and delay relief.

(2) The invention adopts the ball rotor explosion-proof mechanism and the centrifugal safety mechanism, so that the fuse has the characteristics of self-destruction and self-failure at the same time;

(3) the mechanical trigger fuse for the small-caliber rotary shell warhead adopts the optimized layout and one multifunctional design of the overall mechanism, and has the advantages of compact and simple structure and low cost.

Drawings

Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of the mechanical trigger fuze of the rotating shell warhead in an assembled state according to the present invention.

In the figure, 1 is a fuse upper body, 2 is a spring, 3 is a firing pin, 4 is a centrifugal ball, 5 is a split ring, 6 is a ball cover, 7 is a needle-punched detonator, 8 is an isolation ball, 9 is a split ring, 10 is a fuse body, 11 is a safety pin, 12 is a shear pin, and 13 is a booster tube.

Detailed Description

The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures.

As shown in fig. 1, the mechanical trigger fuse of the bullet of the small-caliber rotary shell comprises a fuse upper body 1, a spring 2, a firing pin 3, a split ring 5, a ball cover 6, an isolation ball 8, a split ring 9, a fuse body 10, a safety pin 11, a shear pin 12, a booster 13, two acupuncture detonators 7 and a plurality of centrifugal balls 4. One end of the ball cover 6 extends into the fuse upper body 1 and is connected with the fuse body 10 through threads, the other end of the ball cover 6 extends into the fuse body 10 and is connected with the fuse upper body 1, the ball cover 6 and the fuse body 10 three jointly form an installation cavity, and the tail of the fuse body 10 is connected with the detonating tube 13 through threads. The spring 2, the firing pin 3, the split ring 5 and the safety pin 11 are coaxially arranged in the mounting chamber from top to bottom.

The invention has the difficulty that when the fuse is designed, the fuse has the functions of explosion suppression, redundancy insurance, triggering, delay relief and the like as required, and also has the functions of self destruction, self failure and the like, and if a plurality of mechanisms are adopted to realize the functions, the structure of the fuse is more complicated, the whole size is larger, the requirement of the miniaturization of the fuse is difficult to meet, and the high reliability is difficult to ensure. By adopting the smart structure of the invention, the functions can be simultaneously realized and the problems can be effectively avoided.

The firing pin 3 comprises a third cylinder, a fourth cylinder and a firing pin point which are sequentially connected from top to bottom. The top surface of the third cylinder is downwards provided with a first blind hole, a plurality of second blind holes vertical to the axis of the firing pin are uniformly and symmetrically arranged along the circumferential direction of the outer side wall of the third cylinder, each blind hole is internally provided with a centrifugal ball 4, the bottom surface of the third cylinder is provided with a first annular groove, and the first annular groove is positioned at the adjacent position of the third cylinder and the fourth cylinder and is used for assembling a split ring 5. The diameter of the third cylinder is larger than that of the fourth cylinder.

The head of the fuse upper body 1 is oval, a second annular groove is formed in the outer wall of the head, a first four-step stepped blind hole with the gradually decreased aperture is formed in the fuse upper body 1 from the bottom surface upwards along the central axis of the fuse upper body, the first four-step stepped blind hole, the second four-step stepped blind hole, the third four-step stepped blind hole and the fourth four-step stepped blind hole are sequentially formed in the first step, a thread is arranged in the first step, the diameter of the second step is larger than that of the third cylinder, the second step is used for accommodating a centrifugal ball 4, the third step is in clearance fit with the third cylinder of the firing pin 3 to provide axial direction guidance for the firing pin 3, one end of the spring 2 abuts against the bottom of the fourth step, and the other end of the spring abuts against the first blind hole of the firing pin 3.

The safety pin 11 comprises a fifth cylinder, a sixth cylinder and a seventh cylinder which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the fifth cylinder is provided with a fourth blind hole downwards from the top surface, the diameter of the sixth cylinder is smaller than that of the fifth cylinder and that of the seventh cylinder, and the diameters of the fifth cylinder and the seventh cylinder are equal. The depth of the fourth blind hole is larger than the length of the firing pin point, the fourth blind hole is used for preventing the firing pin point at the bottom end of the firing pin 3 from losing the sharp structural characteristic due to the fact that the firing pin point is in contact with the top end of the safety pin 11, the length of the sixth cylinder of the safety pin 11 is larger than the aperture of the connecting hole of the isolating ball 8, and when the sixth cylinder penetrates through the connecting hole, shock waves and detonation products generated by the explosion of the acupuncture detonator 7 can reliably detonate the acupuncture detonator 7 on the other side.

The fuse ball cover 6 comprises a first cylinder, a truncated cone and a second cylinder which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, the radius of the top surface of the truncated cone is larger than that of the first cylinder, the radius of the bottom surface of the truncated cone is larger than that of the second cylinder, the first cylinder is fixedly connected with a fourth-order hole of the fuse upper body 1 through threads, and the second cylinder is fixedly connected with a ninth-order hole of the fuse body 10 through threads. The outer wall of the truncated cone smoothly transitions with the outer walls of the upper body 1 and the body 10. The centrifugal ball 4 can move along the tapered hole, the straight hole is in clearance fit with the third cylinder, the aperture of the sixth step hole is larger than that of the fifth step hole and the seventh step hole, the split ring 5 is sleeved on the fourth cylinder and embedded in the first annular groove, the split ring 5 is positioned in the sixth step hole to limit the downward movement of the firing pin 3, the seventh step hole is in clearance fit with the fourth cylinder of the firing pin 3, the eighth step hole is formed by a semi-spherical hole and a short straight hole, the aperture is larger than that of the seventh step hole, the isolation ball 8 is partially positioned in the eighth step hole, and the gap fit is formed between the seventh step hole and the eighth step hole. The safety pin 11 is arranged right below the firing pin point of the firing pin 3, the fifth cylinder of the safety pin 11 extends into the seventh-order hole, the sixth cylinder and the seventh cylinder both extend into the isolation ball 8, and the safety pin 11 and the seventh-order hole are in clearance fit to limit the movement of the ball rotor 8.

A pair of detonator mounting holes (blind holes) are symmetrically formed in the isolating ball 8 in a radial mode, a needling detonator 7 is arranged in each detonator mounting hole, the input end of the needling detonator 7 is also the output end pointing to the outer side of the isolating ball 8 at the same time and used for achieving bidirectional ignition, a connecting hole is formed between the two detonator mounting holes for communicating, and the connecting hole is used as an explosion transfer channel and is beneficial to reliable initiation of shock waves and detonation products generated after the needling detonator 7 is detonated and is located in the other needling detonator 7. And a third blind hole is also formed in the isolating ball 8, is perpendicular to the central axis of the booster channel, penetrates through the booster channel and is communicated with the booster channel. The other end of the safety pin 11 extends into the third blind hole, and the safety pin and the third blind hole are in clearance fit. In order to eliminate the influence of the shear pin 12 on the booster explosion of the needled detonator 7, a second through hole communicated with a third blind hole is formed at the bottom of each detonator mounting hole, and the two first through holes are equal in height and are simultaneously positioned above the booster passage. The seventh cylinder is provided with a shearing pin hole, and the two ends of the shearing pin 12 respectively extend into the second through hole after penetrating through the shearing pin hole.

During assembly, the safety pin 11 is arranged from the bottom of the bullet and is locked in the third blind hole of the isolation ball 8 through the shearing pin 12 arranged in the shearing pin hole on the isolation ball 8, and the fifth cylinder of the safety pin 11 extends out of the isolation ball 8 and then is in clearance fit with the seventh stepped hole of the ball cover 6 to limit the movement of the isolation ball 8.

A ninth-order hole, a tenth-order hole, an eleventh-order hole, a twelfth-order hole and a thirteenth-order hole are formed from top to bottom along the central axis of the fuse body 10, the eleventh-order hole is formed by a tapered arc-shaped hole and a second straight hole from top to bottom, the eleventh-order hole is used as a second explosion transmission channel, the ninth-order hole is in threaded connection with a second cylinder of the ball cover 6, an eighth-order hole of the ball cover 6, the tenth-order hole and the eleventh-order hole of the fuse body 10 form a ball rotor chamber, the isolation ball 8 is arranged in the ball rotor chamber, the split ring 9 is clamped on the isolation ball 8 and is located in the tenth-order hole, and an explosion transmission pipe 13 is arranged in the twelfth-order hole and the thirteenth-order hole.

The technical points of the invention lie in that the explosion-proof, redundant safety, delay relief safety, triggering, self-destruction and self-failure functions are realized by adopting the mechanical trigger fuse structure principle and applying a ball rotor mechanism (consisting of a ball cover 6, a ball rotor, a split ring 9 and a fuse body 10) and a spring-striker-centrifugal ball ignition mechanism (consisting of a fuse upper body 1, a spring 2, a striker 3, a plurality of centrifugal balls 4 and a ball cover 6) and optimizing the layout and one multifunctional design of the overall structure under the condition of meeting the requirements of miniaturization and high reliability.

The spring 2 is a pre-pressing spring.

At ordinary times, the firing pin 3 is pressed on the cracking ring 5 under the action of the spring 2, and the safety pin 11 fixed by the shearing pin 12 locks the ball rotor 8 at the explosion-proof position, namely, the axis of the acupuncture detonator 7 and the axis of the fuze (the axis of the booster tube) are staggered by a certain angle (90 degrees). At this time, even if the needle detonator 7 is accidentally ignited, the booster 13 is not ignited, and the detonator is in an explosion-proof safe state. After the shot is shot, under the action of the recoil force, the safety pin 11 can cut off the shear pin 12 and move to the bottom of the third blind hole of the isolation ball 8. Meanwhile, the firing pin 3 can be tightly pressed on the split ring 5, and the fuze is still in an explosion-proof safe state.

After the shot hole is shot, the recoil force gradually disappears, the opening ring 9 is thrown away under the action of centrifugal force, the protected part, namely the isolation ball 8 is released, the isolation ball 8 starts to release the safety movement, the centrifugal ball 4 moves towards the head direction of the fuze along the top of the fifth-step hole of the ball cover 6 under the action of the centrifugal force, meanwhile, the striker 3 also moves towards the head direction of the fuze under the action of the reaction force generated by the centrifugal ball 4 extruding the tapered hole, at the moment, the axial pressure borne by the split ring 5 is gradually reduced and thrown away under the action of the centrifugal force, and the axial limitation of the striker 3 is released; when the target is hit, the firing pin 3 moves downwards under the action of the target hitting force and fires the needle-punched detonator 7, so that the needle-punched detonator 7 explodes and detonates another needle-punched detonator 7 through the third blind hole and the detonation transmission channel of the isolating ball 8, and the formed shock wave and detonation products detonate the detonation transmission tube 13 through the second detonation transmission channel of the detonator body 10. Finally, the warhead of the projectile is detonated to charge, and the detonation of the projectile is completed. If the shot does not hit the target in the air (before landing), when the rotating speed of the shot is attenuated to a certain degree, the resistance force of the spring 2 is larger than the axial reaction force generated by extruding the tapered hole by the centrifugal ball 4, the spring 2 pushes the firing pin 3 to move downwards and to fire the pin-fired detonator 7, and the subsequent action process is the same as the above to realize the preset self-destruction.

If the ring 5 is not relieved of the safety of the firing pin 3, the fuse is in a self-disabling state, and the formed unexplosive cartridge is safe.

The following discussion assumes that the split ring 5 is relieved of the firing pin 3.

If the centrifugal insurance and/or the recoil insurance of the isolating ball 8 are not relieved by accident, the isolating ball 8 is still in an explosion-proof state, and the formed unexplosive explosive is safe.

If the safety of the isolation ball 8 and the recoil safety are both released, but the isolation ball 8 is not moved, when a target is triggered or self-destruction is acted, the firing pin 3 is inserted into the fourth blind hole on the isolation ball 8 by the firing pin point, the detonator is in a self-failure state, and the formed unexploded ammunition is safe.

If the centrifugal insurance of the isolation ball 8 is relieved, the isolation ball 8 rotates but does not rotate in place due to the reason, when a target is triggered or self-destruction is carried out, the firing pin point can stab the outer wall surface of the isolation ball 8 to lose the sharp structural feature or pierce the third blind hole of the isolation ball 8 to limit the continuous rotation of the ball rotor, the fuse also enters a self-failure state, and the formed unexplosive powder is safe.