阅读说明：本技术 适用于组装地板覆盖物的面板 (Panel suitable for assembling floor covering ) 是由 托马斯·吕克·马丁内·巴尔特 汤姆·范波耶 斯文·布恩 于 2020-01-03 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种面板,其适用于通过将多个所述面板彼此互连以组装地板覆盖物,其中所述面板具有基本上平坦的顶侧和基本上平坦的底侧、以及至少四个基本上线性的侧边缘,所述侧边缘包括至少一对相对的侧边缘,所述面板具有包括装饰性顶层和芯层的层状结构,其中装饰性顶层和芯层具有不同的化学组成,其中顶层和芯层之间设有增强层且增强层具有至少2Mpa的弹性模量。(The present invention relates to a panel suitable for assembling a floor covering by interconnecting a plurality of said panels to each other, wherein said panels have a substantially flat top side and a substantially flat bottom side, and at least four substantially linear side edges, said side edges comprising at least one pair of opposite side edges, said panel having a layered structure comprising a decorative top layer and a core layer, wherein the decorative top layer and the core layer have different chemical compositions, wherein a reinforcement layer is provided between the top layer and the core layer and the reinforcement layer has an elastic modulus of at least 2 Mpa.)

1. A panel adapted for assembling a floor covering by interconnecting a plurality of said panels to each other,

wherein the panel has a substantially flat top side and a substantially flat bottom side, and at least four substantially linear side edges, the side edges including at least one pair of opposing side edges,

the panel has a layered structure comprising:

-a decorative top layer;

-a core layer;

wherein

-the decorative top layer and the core layer have different chemical compositions;

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

-an enhancement layer,

said reinforcing layer is located between said top layer and said core layer, and

-the elastic modulus of the reinforcement layer is at least 2 Mpa.

2. The panel according to claim 1, wherein the core layer and the top layer have different dimensional stability when exposed to temperature and/or humidity fluctuations.

3. The panel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the reinforcement layer is selected from the group consisting of ductile materials with high modulus of elasticity and high yield strength, or brittle materials with high modulus of elasticity and high breaking strength, including but not limited to foamed olefin polymers, foamed PP, foamed PE, non-foamed PE, foamed polyurethane, carbon fiber, foamed PVC, polyurethane foam, foamed polystyrene.

4. The panel of any of the preceding claims, wherein the reinforcing layer is a high strength polymer foam.

5. A panel as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the reinforcing layer has a thickness of from 0.5mm to 4 mm.

6. Panel according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the density of the reinforcing layer is lower than 1000kg/m³More preferably less than 500kg/m³Most preferably 85kg/m³To 300kg/m³In the meantime.

7. A panel as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the reinforcing layer is applied with glue or a hot melt material; or the reinforcement layer is placed between the top layer and the core layer and then cold pressed to apply the reinforcement layer.

8. The panel according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the reinforcing layer is produced by a co-extrusion process.

9. Panel according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the core layer comprises a material from the group consisting of mineral compounds or ceramic compounds, such as calcium oxide and/or silica, magnesium oxide and/or magnesium hydroxide and/or limestone or chalk, and a suitable binder, such as a thermoplastic resin, a mixture comprising lignocellulose and a thermosetting resin.

10. Panel according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the decorative top layer comprises a mineral or ceramic compound and a thermoplastic or thermosetting binder, or a hygroscopic lignocellulosic and/or paper veneer, or a stone veneer, or a ceramic tile or mosaic.

11. A panel as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the decorative top layer has a thickness of from 0.2mm to 8 mm.

12. Panel according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the core layer and the top layer have different dimensional stability when exposed to temperature and/or humidity fluctuations.

13. Panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the panel is provided with interconnection coupling means for interconnecting one panel with another panel, in particular wherein the interconnection coupling means are provided in the core layer.

14. A panel according to any one of the preceding claims, provided with interconnecting coupling means, such as a tongue and groove connection, for interconnecting one panel with a similar panel, preferably with a latching mechanism.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a panel suitable for assembling a floor covering by interconnecting a plurality of said panels to each other, wherein said panels have a substantially flat top side and a substantially flat bottom side, and at least four substantially linear side edges, said side edges comprising at least one pair of opposite side edges, said panel having a layered structure comprising a top layer and a core layer made of mineral material. The invention also relates to a floor or wall covering consisting of a plurality of interconnected panels, said panels being in accordance with the invention.

Background

In the related art of floor and wall panels, the use of mineral composite based panels is ubiquitous. These panels are for example made of a layer of mineral material, which is a composition comprising magnesium oxide and/or hydroxide as main component, mixed with magnesium chloride or sulphate as binder. In this composition, the mineral material also contains small amounts of hydrates or water molecules. These panels can also be made of a layer of mineral material comprising limestone or chalk mixed with a thermoplastic such as polypropylene or PVC.

An example of a panel of the above type is provided in german patent DE102012000464, which describes a mineral (MgO-based) core with a vinyl top layer. The panel has the drawback of having poor indentation and impact resistance due to the inherent brittleness, porosity and low density of the ceramic core. Furthermore, the vinyl top layer is flexible and therefore does not resist heavy objects or impacts. For example, a person wearing a high-heeled shoe with a small contact area may compress the core. Third, the vinyl top layer is directly glued to the core with glue, which results in poor acoustic performance. In the industry, moderate sound transmission results are equal to or higher than δ Lw 19 dB. The excellent sound transmission exhibits a sound transmission of at least δ Lw 21 dB. The sound transmission results of vinyl top layers directly adhered to mineral based panels as described in the german' 464 patent are typically about 17dB δ Lw.

An example of using a thermoplastic-mineral composite structure is US9156233, which combines a facing layer such as a vinyl layer directly with the extruded powder and plastic composite. The flexible top layer is also not able to resist weight and impact in case a low density core is used. However, the acoustic performance was good, with the expected result being about δ Lw 22 dB. With the use of a high density core, the acoustic performance of the sound transmission and footstep echo (reflected walking sound) RWS is poor, with the result being about δ Lw 17 dB. It is apparent that various configurations have certain advantages and disadvantages.

WO2003016655a1 describes the integration of a sound-absorbing layer in a floor panel, which sound-absorbing layer is located between the other layers of the floor panel. It is also described that the sound-absorbing layer may consist of cork or a sound-absorbing synthetic material such as polyurethane. Further illustrating that the material layer may be wound upon itself. According to the inventors' understanding, the material that can be wound upon itself is by definition a flexible layer. It will be appreciated that the flexible layer may exhibit certain inherent characteristics, such as a lack of rigidity. In industry, such flexible layers are usually composed of cork or sound absorbing synthetic materials such as foamed polyurethane, foamed EVA, foamed polyethylene, etc. These layers are typically added to the back of the flooring article and are therefore also referred to as "acoustic backing layers". The acoustic backing layer typically exhibits an elastic modulus of 0.2Mpa to 1.4Mpa, depending on the density of the material used, when tested according to ASTM D412. In the present application, the tensile strength is expressed by the modulus of elasticity.

However, when a layer is provided between two other layers of a floor panel, the layer may be subjected to stress when one of the two layers to which the layer is adhered shows dimensional fluctuation. For example, when a 1mm ethylene vinyl acetate or EVA sound absorbing layer is located between a 1.1mm vinyl decorative layer and a 3mm polypropylene core, the dimensional instability of the vinyl decorative layer under temperature fluctuations from 23C to 80C results in a dimensional change of 0.3% expansion at high temperatures and 0.25% contraction after re-cooling. In practical installations, this dimensional instability can cause gaps.

It is generally indicated that materials selected for their particular benefits in the manufacture of panels for assembling floor coverings, in particular in order to eliminate the drawbacks of the prior art, often result in decorative top layers and core layers having different dimensional stability when these materials are exposed to fluctuations in temperature and/or humidity. When these materials are combined with other acoustic or reinforcing layers of high flexibility, this can lead to visual defects when the mounting surface is subjected to cycles of temperature or humidity fluctuations.

To illustrate, the inventors conducted a simulated daylight test on a floor having the structure described in WO2003016655a1 (1mm vinyl +1mm flexible EVA +3mm SPC structure) with a weight gain down the angle of the installation surface and repeated heat/cold cycles to raise the surface temperature to 60 degrees celsius and then cool to room temperature of 23 degrees celsius. Five such simulated solar cycles induce a tiling (curling) at high temperature and after cooling again create gaps between the flooring sheets of up to 0.7 mm. Typically, gaps between the floor panels of 0.15mm and above are visible to the naked eye. The tile bends or "difference in elevation"(s) "where the floor panel joint height increases by more than 0.2mm are visible to the naked eye.

Disclosure of Invention

It is an object of the present invention to provide panels suitable for assembling floor coverings which are not prone to indentation of the core and/or have better acoustic properties and/or have better dimensional stability than prior art panels and thus do not show visual defects after being subjected to repeated heat/cold cycles.

The invention also proposes a panel suitable for assembling a floor covering by interconnecting a plurality of said panels to each other, wherein said panels have a substantially flat top side and a substantially flat bottom side, and at least four substantially linear side edges comprising at least one pair of opposite side edges; the panel has a layered structure comprising a decorative top layer and a core layer, and a reinforcement layer located between the top layer and the core layer, wherein the decorative top layer and the core layer have different chemical compositions, and the reinforcement layer has an elastic modulus of at least 2Mpa when tested according to ASTM D412.

The different chemical composition of the core and the top layer may result in different dimensional stability of the decorative top layer and the core layer when the panel is exposed to temperature and/or humidity fluctuations.

If a decorative top layer is used, the decorative top layer may, for example, comprise at least one cellulose-based layer, preferably paper or kraft paper, and a cured resin. The cellulosic material based layer may also be a facing layer adhered to the top surface of the core layer. The veneer layer is preferably selected from the group consisting of wood veneer, cork veneer, bamboo veneer, and the like. Other decorative topcoats that may be applied to the present invention include ceramic tiles, real stone veneers, rubber veneers, decorative plastics or vinyl, linoleum, and decorative thermoplastic films or foils. The top layer may further be provided with a wear resistant layer and an optional coating. Examples of thermoplastics that can be used for such top layer are PP, PET, PVC, etc. An optional primer may also be provided on the top surface of the core and printed in a direct printing process for the desired visual effect. The decorative top layer may be further finished with a thermosetting varnish or lacquer such as polyurethane, PUR or melamine based resin.

It is also conceivable that the panel (on its back) comprises at least one balancing layer, which typically comprises at least one layer comprising lignocellulose and a cured resin. The panel may also include at least one acoustic layer, which typically includes a low density foam layer formed of: ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA), radiation crosslinked polyethylene (IXPE), expanded polypropylene (XPP), expanded polystyrene (XPS), and nonwoven fibers, such as those made of natural fibers such as hemp fibers or cork fibers, or recycled/recyclable materials such as PET. The density of the acoustic layer is preferably 65kg/m³And 300kg/m³Between, most preferably at 80kg/m³And 150kg/m³In the meantime.

In a preferred embodiment, the panels are provided with interconnection coupling means for interconnecting one panel with another. These interconnecting coupling means may for example be tongue and groove connections, preferably with a latching mechanism (often referred to as a snap mechanism), which means that the panels can be connected to each other by overcoming a certain threshold force and that it is necessary to exceed the threshold force to separate the panels from each other again. The cooperating tongues and grooves may be in the form of, for example, a tongue or groove provided with barbs such that the force required to connect the panels is less than the force required to separate the panels.

The present invention herein provides a sound absorbing support layer that absorbs impact strength to a certain extent to avoid core indentation and to improve sound transmission from the top layer to the core layer (and thus to any layer supporting the core layer) while preventing excessive deformation of the top layer due to increased modulus of elasticity. It has been shown that when the above temperature simulation test is performed, an elastic modulus of less than 2Mpa causes a gap of more than 0.2mm, thus causing a visible gap, while an elastic modulus of more than 2Mpa causes a smaller gap, thus causing an invisible gap.

The composite material of the core layer may be a composition comprising a mineral or ceramic compound, such as calcium oxide and/or silica, magnesium oxide and/or magnesium hydroxide and/or limestone or chalk, as a main component, and a suitable binder, such as a thermoplastic resin or a lignocellulosic thermosetting resin mixture. The main properties of each of these materials are different and when the core is combined with a top layer of a different material, the finished floor will show a certain dimensional stability.

The decorative top layer may comprise, for example, mineral or ceramic compounds as the main component and thermoplastic or thermosetting binders, or the decorative top layer may comprise a hygroscopic lignocellulosic finish and/or a paper layer, or a stone finish, or ceramic tiles or mosaics.

A non-exhaustive exemplary summary of combinations of materials suitable for forming the core and/or decorative top layer and their general dimensional stability when exposed to fluctuations in temperature and/or humidity is given below. The purpose of this summary is to indicate that the addition of a flexible acoustic layer, common in the industry, between the decorative top layer and the core carrying plate will result in visual defects of the mounting surface.

The combined effect of the different layers can be used to further illustrate the drawbacks inherent in the prior art. As a first example, the vinyl top layer shows a shrinkage of-0.25% when tested according to ISO 23999, which would result in a lateral shrinkage of 3mm on a panel with a length of 1.2 m. When the vinyl top layer is combined with a core or carrier plate (e.g. ceramic material) that does not show shrinkage under temperature fluctuations and a flexible acoustic layer between the two, the actual floor installation will be defective and a gap of 3mm will occur between the plates after only 5 heat/cold cycles.

As a second example, the decorative top paper layer will exhibit swelling when the relative humidity in the atmosphere increases. When the decorative top paper layer is combined with a WPC core or carrier board that does not show the same properties and a flexible acoustic layer between the two layers, the actual floor installation will be defective and show visible deformations of up to 0.4mm when the Relative Humidity (RH) of the atmosphere increases from 20% to 80% and the top layer expands unconstrained. When the ends of the panels are forced upward due to the inherent stresses of the panels, this is directly visible as "shingles" or "buckling".

The inventors concluded that for panels made according to the prior art, visual defects in the actual installation are caused by the difference in dimensional stability between the top and bottom layers, wherein the flexible acoustic layer interposed between the core or carrier and the top layer cannot withstand the stresses generated.

These disadvantages are eliminated by ensuring that the acoustic layer is a reinforcing layer with a high elastic modulus or MOE and/or high yield strength. This means in practice that the reinforcement layer is not a flexible layer, or a flexible layer with a high MOE. For a ductile material, this means that the material will resist deformation until a certain point is reached and will easily recover from deformation without showing plastic (permanent) deformation. For brittle materials, this means that they exhibit strong resistance to plastic (permanent) deformation and fracture. Through experimentation, the present inventors have determined the following materials that exhibit the correct inelastic properties. Some of these materials are low density materials that exhibit sound absorbing properties.

Another advantage is that the buffer/reinforcing layer has a lower density than the top layer and acts as a buffer for impacts for two acoustic reasons and serves to improve the impact resistance of the panel.

The reinforcing layer may be applied with glue, hot melt material or placed between the top layer and the core and then applied by cold pressing. In some embodiments, the reinforcing layer may also be an intermediate core layer made in a co-extrusion process.