阅读说明：本技术 一种主轴和机床 (Main shaft and machine tool ) 是由 黎海平 高吉科 张世洋 汤秀清 于 2021-02-04 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种主轴和机床,包括机体组件和轴芯组件,所述轴芯组件设有动平衡调节装置,所述动平衡调节装置包括基座组件,所述基座组件固定连接于所述轴芯组件,所述基座组件设有控制器和多个径向容置腔,多个所述径向容置腔沿所述轴芯组件的周向分布,所述径向容置腔中设有质量块组件,所述质量块组件包括质量块和驱动部件,所述驱动部件与所述控制器连接,以调节所述质量块在所述径向容置腔中的位置。可以有效的帮助主轴在工作效率不降低的情况下,有效的自动调节动平衡,提高主轴的使用寿命和加工精度的稳定性。(The invention discloses a spindle and a machine tool, which comprise a machine body assembly and a spindle core assembly, wherein the spindle core assembly is provided with a dynamic balance adjusting device, the dynamic balance adjusting device comprises a base assembly, the base assembly is fixedly connected to the spindle core assembly, the base assembly is provided with a controller and a plurality of radial accommodating cavities, the radial accommodating cavities are distributed along the circumferential direction of the spindle core assembly, mass block assemblies are arranged in the radial accommodating cavities, each mass block assembly comprises a mass block and a driving part, and the driving part is connected with the controller so as to adjust the positions of the mass blocks in the radial accommodating cavities. The automatic adjusting device can effectively help the main shaft to effectively automatically adjust the dynamic balance under the condition that the working efficiency is not reduced, and the service life of the main shaft and the stability of the machining precision are improved.)

1. The utility model provides a main shaft, its characterized in that, includes organism subassembly and axle core subassembly, the axle core subassembly is equipped with dynamic balance adjusting device, dynamic balance adjusting device includes the base subassembly, base subassembly fixed connection in the axle core subassembly, the base subassembly is equipped with controller and a plurality of radial holding chamber, and is a plurality of radial holding chamber is followed the circumference of axle core subassembly distributes, be equipped with the mass block subassembly in the radial holding chamber, the mass block subassembly includes quality piece and driver part, driver part with the controller is connected, is in order to adjust the quality piece is in position in the radial holding chamber.

2. The spindle of claim 1, wherein the driving member comprises a motor, an output end of the motor is provided with a transmission screw, and the mass is in transmission fit with the transmission screw.

3. The spindle of claim 1, wherein the base assembly has a shaft hole that is received by the spindle assembly, and the base assembly has a key slot in the shaft hole.

4. A spindle according to claim 3, wherein the base assembly comprises first and second annular members, the first and/or second annular members being provided with radial receiving slots which axially merge, the radial receiving slots defining the radial receiving chamber.

5. The spindle of claim 4, wherein the base assembly further comprises a seal ring sleeved about an outer periphery of the first and second annular components.

6. The spindle of claim 4 or 5, wherein the second annular member is provided with a controller mounting slot, the controller being disposed in the controller mounting slot, the base assembly further comprising an annular chassis shielding the controller mounting slot.

7. The spindle of claim 1, wherein the dynamic balance adjustment device comprises a first dynamic balance adjustment device disposed at a front end of the spindle assembly and a second dynamic balance adjustment device disposed at a rear end of the spindle assembly.

8. The spindle of claim 7, further comprising a dynamic balance detection device and an impulse sensor, wherein the impulse sensor comprises a first impulse sensor for detecting dynamic balance parameters of the front end of the spindle assembly and a second impulse sensor for detecting dynamic balance parameters of the rear end of the spindle assembly, and the first impulse sensor and the second impulse sensor are both connected with the dynamic balance detection device.

9. The spindle of claim 8, wherein the controller comprises an integrated battery wireless reception controller.

10. A machine tool comprising a spindle as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.

Technical Field

The invention is used for the field of turning and boring, and particularly relates to a main shaft and a machine tool.

Background

In order to improve the service life and performance stability of the spindle under high-speed operation, dynamic balance is an important index of the spindle, a qualified spindle is usually produced, the dynamic balance needs to be checked and adjusted, and a special machine is used for testing under the condition that a chuck is not installed and a workpiece is not clamped in the checking and adjusting process, so that the method is an ideal condition. However, in the actual work of the spindle, a chuck is required to be installed and a workpiece is required to be clamped, the workpiece is sometimes irregular or is not coaxial with the spindle during workpiece clamping, so that the center of mass shifts, when the spindle runs at a high speed, due to centrifugal rotation, deflection vibration is generated, if the spindle is in the running state for a long time, the service life of the spindle is reduced due to bearing abrasion, and meanwhile, the machining precision is reduced, which is a defect of the conventional universal spindle structure.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the prior art, and provides a spindle and a machine tool, which can effectively help the spindle to effectively and automatically adjust dynamic balance under the condition of not reducing the working efficiency, and improve the service life of the spindle and the stability of the machining precision.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:

in a first aspect, the spindle comprises a machine body assembly and a spindle core assembly, wherein the spindle core assembly is provided with a dynamic balance adjusting device, the dynamic balance adjusting device comprises a base assembly, the base assembly is fixedly connected to the spindle core assembly, the base assembly is provided with a controller and a plurality of radial containing cavities, the radial containing cavities are arranged along the circumferential direction of the spindle core assembly, mass block assemblies are arranged in the radial containing cavities, each mass block assembly comprises a mass block and a driving part, and the driving parts are connected with the controller to adjust the positions of the mass blocks in the radial containing cavities.

With reference to the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the driving part includes a motor, an output end of the motor is provided with a transmission screw rod, and the mass block is in transmission fit with the transmission screw rod.

With reference to the first aspect and the foregoing implementation manners, in some implementation manners of the first aspect, the base assembly has a shaft hole sleeved with the shaft core assembly, and the base assembly is provided with a key groove in the shaft hole.

With reference to the first aspect and the foregoing implementation manners, in certain implementation manners of the first aspect, the base assembly includes a first annular part and a second annular part, the first annular part and/or the second annular part is provided with a radial accommodating groove, the first annular part and the second annular part are combined along an axial direction, and the radial accommodating groove defines the radial accommodating cavity.

With reference to the first aspect and the foregoing implementation manners, in certain implementation manners of the first aspect, the base assembly further includes a sealing ring sleeved on peripheries of the first annular part and the second annular part.

With reference to the first aspect and the foregoing implementation manners, in certain implementation manners of the first aspect, the second annular member is provided with a controller installation groove, the controller is disposed in the controller installation groove, and the base assembly further includes an annular chassis that shields the controller installation groove.

With reference to the first aspect and the foregoing implementation manners, in certain implementation manners of the first aspect, the dynamic balance adjustment device includes a first dynamic balance adjustment device disposed at a front end of the spindle assembly and a second dynamic balance adjustment device disposed at a rear end of the spindle assembly.

With reference to the first aspect and the foregoing implementation manners, in some implementation manners of the first aspect, the dynamic balance detection device further includes a dynamic balance detection device and a pulse sensor, where the pulse sensor includes a first pulse sensor for detecting a dynamic balance parameter at a front end of the shaft core assembly and a second pulse sensor for detecting a dynamic balance parameter at a rear end of the shaft core assembly, and the first pulse sensor and the second pulse sensor are both connected to the dynamic balance detection device.

With reference to the first aspect and the implementations described above, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the controller includes an integrated battery wireless reception controller.

In a second aspect, a machine tool comprises the spindle according to any one of the implementations of the first aspect.

One of the above technical solutions has at least one of the following advantages or beneficial effects: the main shaft is arranged on a machine tool, a chuck is arranged, an irregular workpiece is arranged for turning, the mass center of the main shaft is already deviated, the main shaft is started, and the main shaft can vibrate when rotating at a high speed. In order to balance the vibration, the controller controls the driving part to adjust the radial position of the mass block so as to adjust the mass center to deviate towards the axis of the main shaft and enable the bearing to be in the optimal running state. The invention reduces unbalanced deflection in operation, friction noise in operation, abrasion of the bearing in operation, heat generated by friction, service life of the bearing and stability of machining precision of the main shaft.

Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.

Drawings

The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of one embodiment of a spindle of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an exploded schematic view of the dynamic balance adjustment apparatus of one embodiment shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a mass assembly of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1;

fig. 4 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the dynamic balance adjustment device according to the embodiment shown in fig. 1.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout.

In the present invention, if directions (up, down, left, right, front, and rear) are described, it is only for convenience of describing the technical solution of the present invention, and it is not intended or implied that the technical features referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, it is not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

In the invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is one or more, the meaning of "a plurality" is more than two, and the terms of "more than", "less than", "more than" and the like are understood to exclude the number; the terms "above", "below", "within" and the like are understood to include the instant numbers. In the description of the present invention, if there is description of "first" and "second" only for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, it is not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the precedence of the indicated technical features.

In the present invention, unless otherwise specifically limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and the like are to be understood in a broad sense, and for example, may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate; can be fixedly connected, can also be detachably connected and can also be integrally formed; may be mechanically coupled, may be electrically coupled or may be capable of communicating with each other; either as communication within the two elements or as an interactive relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above-mentioned words in the present invention can be reasonably determined by those skilled in the art in combination with the detailed contents of the technical solutions.

Fig. 1 shows a reference direction coordinate system of an embodiment of the present invention, and the following describes an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the directions shown in fig. 1.

Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a spindle, including a machine body assembly 1 and a shaft core assembly 2, where the shaft core assembly 2 can be driven by a motor to rotate at a high speed in the machine body assembly 1 to output torque, and further cooperate with a tool on the spindle to implement machining such as turning.

Referring to fig. 2 and 4, the shaft core assembly 2 is provided with a dynamic balance adjusting device 3, the dynamic balance adjusting device 3 includes a base assembly 31, and the base assembly 31 is fixedly connected to the shaft core assembly 2 and rotates together with the shaft core assembly 2. The base assembly 31 is provided with a controller 32 and a plurality of radial accommodating cavities 33, the plurality of radial accommodating cavities 33 are uniformly or non-uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the spindle assembly 2, mass blocks 34 are arranged in the radial accommodating cavities 33, each mass block 34 comprises a mass block 341 and a driving part 342, the driving part 342 is connected with the controller 32, and the driving part 342 adjusts the position of the mass block 341 in the radial accommodating cavities 33 according to instructions of the controller 32.

The main shaft is arranged on a machine tool, a chuck is arranged, an irregular workpiece is arranged for turning, the mass center of the main shaft is already deviated, the main shaft is started, and the main shaft can vibrate when rotating at a high speed. In order to balance the vibration, the controller 32 may further control the driving member 342 to adjust the radial position of the mass 341 to adjust the center of mass to shift toward the axis of the spindle, so as to make the bearing in the optimal operating state, according to the external detection information, the self detection information or the manual input information. The invention reduces unbalanced deflection in operation, friction noise in operation, abrasion of the bearing in operation, heat generated by friction, service life of the bearing and stability of machining precision of the main shaft.

The number of the radial accommodating cavities 33 is set according to the requirement, for example, in the embodiment shown in fig. 4, 10 radial accommodating cavities 33 are provided, and 10 radial accommodating cavities are uniformly distributed at 360 degrees. Of course, the greater the number of radial cavities 33, the more fine the adjustment capability of the dynamic balance adjustment device 3.

The driving unit 342 may be an air cylinder, a motor, or the like, and in an embodiment using a motor, the motor may adjust the radial position of the mass 341 through a transmission assembly such as a rack, a lead screw, or the like, for example, in the embodiment shown in fig. 3, the driving unit 342 includes a motor, an output end of the motor is provided with a transmission lead screw 343, one end of the transmission lead screw 343 is connected to an output end of the motor, the other end is mounted on the base assembly 31 through a bearing 344, the mass 341 is provided with a screw hole, the screw hole of the mass 341 is in transmission fit with the transmission lead screw 343, and the position of the radial mass 341 is adjusted by controlling the motor to rotate forward and backward. According to the invention, the screw rod is adopted to drive and limit the radial position of the mass block 341, so that the radial position of the mass block 341 can be effectively limited after the main shaft establishes a stable rotating speed, and the mass block assembly 34 can meet the use requirements of high-speed main shaft adjustment and positioning.

The base component 31 can be fixedly connected with the shaft core component 2 by means of screws, buckles and the like, for example, in some embodiments shown in fig. 4, the base component 31 has a shaft hole 35 sleeved with the shaft core component 2, the base component 31 is provided with a key groove 36 in the shaft hole 35, the base component 31 adopts a mode that the shaft hole 35 is sleeved, the assembly and disassembly on the shaft core component 2 can be quickly realized, and the coaxiality after the assembly is ensured.

Further, referring to fig. 2, the base assembly 31 includes a first annular member 311 and a second annular member 312, the first annular member 311 and/or the second annular member 312 is provided with a radial accommodating groove 313, the first annular member 311 and the second annular member 312 are combined in the axial direction, the radial accommodating groove 313 defines the radial accommodating cavity 33, and the mass block assembly 34 is defined in the radial accommodating cavity 33, which facilitates the assembly and disassembly of the mass block assembly 34 in the radial accommodating cavity 33.

It will be appreciated that radial receiving cavity 33 may also be formed by providing a radial hole in base assembly 31.

In order to prevent liquid or other impurities in the spindle use process from entering the radial accommodating cavity 33 and affecting the function and mass distribution of the mass block assembly 34, referring to fig. 2, the base assembly 31 further includes a sealing ring 37, the sealing ring 37 is sleeved on the peripheries of the first annular part 311 and the second annular part 312, and the sealing ring 37 seals the gap between the first annular part 311 and the second annular part 312.

In some embodiments, referring to fig. 2, the second annular member 312 is provided with a controller mounting groove 314, the controller mounting grooves 314 are symmetrically disposed on the second annular member 312 to ensure mass balance, the controller 32 is disposed in the controller mounting groove 314, and the base assembly 31 further includes an annular bottom plate 315 covering the controller mounting groove 314.

In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1, the dynamic balance adjusting device 3 includes a first dynamic balance adjusting device 301 disposed at the front end of the spindle assembly 2 and a second dynamic balance adjusting device 302 disposed at the rear end of the spindle assembly 2, and the first dynamic balance adjusting device 301 and the second dynamic balance adjusting device 302 are cooperatively adjusted at two ends of the spindle to quickly achieve the offset of the adjusting mass center, thereby completing the dynamic balance of the whole spindle.

In order to obtain the dynamic balance data of the spindle, the spindle further comprises a dynamic balance detection device 4 and a pulse sensor, the pulse sensor comprises a first pulse sensor 41 for detecting the dynamic balance parameters at the front end of the spindle assembly 2 and a second pulse sensor 42 for detecting the dynamic balance parameters at the rear end of the spindle assembly 2, the first pulse sensor 41 and the second pulse sensor 42 are both connected with the dynamic balance detection device 4, the spindle is started in a high-speed rotating mode, the dynamic balance detection device 4 collects data and analyzes the result through the second pulse sensor 42 and outputs the data to a second dynamic balance adjusting device 302 at the rear end of the spindle, and the second dynamic balance adjusting device 302 adjusts the position of the radial mass block 341 through controlling the motor to rotate forwards and backwards according to the received data so as to adjust the deviation of the mass center and finally achieve dynamic balance; similarly, the front end of the main shaft collects data and analyzes the result through the first pulse sensor 41 and the dynamic balance detection device 4, and outputs the data to the second dynamic balance adjustment device 302 at the front end of the main shaft, and the second dynamic balance adjustment device 302 adjusts the position of the radial mass block 341 by controlling the motor to rotate forward and backward according to the received data, so as to adjust the deviation of the mass center and complete the dynamic balance of the whole main shaft. The invention can complete the dynamic balance adjustment in the high-speed rotation of the main shaft without stopping the machine, and instantaneously adjusts the dynamic balance along with the cutting of the workpiece in the processing process, thereby stabilizing the processing precision.

The controller 32 comprises an integrated battery wireless receiving controller to meet the working condition of high-speed rotation of the spindle.

An embodiment of the invention further provides a machine tool, which comprises the spindle in any one of the embodiments. For example, but not limited to, a lathe, the spindle is mounted on the lathe, a chuck is mounted, an irregular workpiece is mounted for turning, the mass center of the spindle is already shifted, the spindle is started and vibrates when the spindle runs at a high speed, the driving part 342 adjusts the radial position of the mass block 341 to shift the mass center toward the axis of the spindle, the mass center at the rear end is axially fitted with the spindle, the bearing 344 is in an optimal running state, dynamic balance adjustment is completed during high-speed rotation of the spindle, stopping is not needed, unbalanced deflection during running is reduced, friction noise during running is reduced, wear of the bearing 344 during running is reduced, heat generated by friction is reduced, the service life of the bearing 344 is prolonged, and the stability of machining precision of the spindle is improved. And in the machining process, the dynamic balance is instantaneously adjusted along with the cutting of the workpiece, and the machining precision is stabilized.

In the description herein, references to the description of the term "example," "an embodiment," or "some embodiments," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

The invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the invention, and such equivalent modifications or substitutions are included in the scope of the claims of the present application.