阅读说明：本技术 一种适用于小规格轮胎的轮胎硫化工艺 (Tire vulcanization process suitable for small-size tires ) 是由 杨勇江 邵军楠 张少军 刘甲 于 2021-03-04 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种适用于小规格轮胎的轮胎硫化工艺,其工艺步骤为：硫化的诱导期、预硫化阶段,硫化胶囊内通入与硫化温度一致的过热水进行循环；正硫化阶段,关闭过热水出硫化胶囊的阀门,只开过热水进入硫化胶囊的阀门,过热水不再循环,硫化胶囊保温保压,压力较循环阶段上升2-5%；硫化完成后通入冷却介质,降温,温度降低后,取出轮胎。本发明的优点为：极大的简化了硫化工艺,硫化装置简单,减少了硫化辅助设备的使用量,降低设备投入；过热水成本低,减少了能源的消耗；成品轮胎物理性能提高,使用更稳定,且下模与上模同时硫化完成,提高了生产效率,提升了设备利用率；胶囊内压力大,轮胎流动性好,轮胎致密度高,耐久试验里程提升5-10%。(The invention discloses a tire vulcanization process suitable for small-size tires, which comprises the following process steps: in the induction period and the pre-vulcanization stage of vulcanization, superheated water with the same temperature as the vulcanization temperature is introduced into the vulcanization capsule for circulation; in the positive vulcanization stage, a valve of superheated water out of the vulcanization capsule is closed, only the valve of superheated water entering the vulcanization capsule is opened, the superheated water is not recycled, the vulcanization capsule is subjected to heat preservation and pressure maintaining, and the pressure is increased by 2-5% compared with the pressure in the circulation stage; and (4) introducing a cooling medium after vulcanization, cooling, and taking out the tire after temperature is reduced. The invention has the advantages that: the vulcanizing process is greatly simplified, the vulcanizing device is simple, the using amount of auxiliary vulcanizing equipment is reduced, and the equipment investment is reduced; the superheated water has low cost, and the energy consumption is reduced; the physical performance of the finished tire is improved, the use is more stable, and the lower die and the upper die are simultaneously vulcanized, so that the production efficiency is improved, and the equipment utilization rate is improved; the pressure in the capsule is large, the tire has good fluidity and high density, and the endurance test mileage is increased by 5-10%.)

1. A tire vulcanization process suitable for small-size tires is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the induction period and the pre-vulcanization stage of vulcanization, superheated water with the same temperature as the vulcanization temperature is introduced into the vulcanization capsule for circulation;

in the positive vulcanization stage, a valve of superheated water out of the vulcanization capsule is closed, only the valve of superheated water entering the vulcanization capsule is opened, the superheated water is not recycled, the vulcanization capsule is subjected to heat preservation and pressure maintaining, and the pressure is increased by 2-5% compared with the pressure in the circulation stage;

and (4) introducing a cooling medium after vulcanization, cooling, and taking out the tire after temperature is reduced.

2. A tyre vulcanisation process suitable for small-format tyres as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the induction period and the pre-vulcanization stage of vulcanization, superheated water with the temperature of 160-175 ℃ is introduced into a vulcanization capsule for 3-8 minutes; and in the positive vulcanization stage, a valve of superheated water out of the vulcanization capsule is closed, only the valve of superheated water into the vulcanization capsule is opened, the superheated water is not circulated, and the heat preservation and pressure maintaining are carried out for 3-8 minutes.

3. A tyre vulcanisation process suitable for small-format tyres as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the induction period and the pre-vulcanization stage of vulcanization, superheated water at 165-175 ℃ is introduced into a vulcanization capsule for 4-7 minutes; and in the positive vulcanization stage, a valve of superheated water out of the vulcanization capsule is closed, only the valve of superheated water into the vulcanization capsule is opened, the superheated water is not circulated, and the heat preservation and pressure maintaining are carried out for 4-8 minutes.

4. A tyre vulcanisation process for small-gauge tyres according to any of the claims from 1 to 3, characterized in that: in the induction period and the pre-vulcanization stage of vulcanization, the pressure in a vulcanization capsule is 2.0-2.5 Mpa; in the positive vulcanization stage, the pressure in the vulcanization capsule reaches 2.1-2.6 MPa.

5. A tyre vulcanisation process suitable for small-format tyres as claimed in claim 4, wherein: in the induction period and the pre-vulcanization stage of vulcanization, the pressure in a vulcanization capsule is 2.1-2.4 Mpa; in the positive vulcanization stage, the pressure in the capsule reaches 2.2-2.5 MPa.

6. A tyre vulcanisation process suitable for small-format tyres as claimed in claim 4, wherein: after the vulcanization is finished, cooling water is introduced for circulation for 10-30 seconds, so that the temperature of the capsule is reduced to be below 100 ℃.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a tire vulcanization process suitable for small-size tires.

Background

At present, the vulcanization process in the tire manufacturing process mostly adopts a mode of matching two or more than two high-temperature media to carry out vulcanization on the tire. High-temperature media (such as steam or a mixture of steam and nitrogen) higher than the vulcanization temperature is introduced at the initial stage of tire vulcanization and continuously circulated for a period of time, so that after the temperature of the bladder is rapidly raised, the media consistent with the vulcanization temperature are switched to circulate or the pressure is maintained after the media circulate, a large amount of energy is consumed in the whole vulcanization process, and the problems that the vulcanization degree of an upper mold and a lower mold is inconsistent exist, and the lower mold is always just vulcanized and the upper mold is close to a too-vulcanized state, so that the physical performance of the finished tire is reduced and the use is unstable. The tire vulcanization process curve is shown in fig. 1, the temperature rise rate difference of the upper die and the lower die is obvious in the vulcanization process, the temperature of the upper die is high, the vulcanization degree is high, the temperature of the lower die is low, the vulcanization degree is low, the upper die is close to the later stage of positive vulcanization after the vulcanization of the position of the lower die is completed, and the risk of over-vulcanization exists. The existing vulcanization process uses various high-temperature vulcanization media, is complex in process, causes high manufacturing cost, low market competitiveness and more energy waste, and is not beneficial to environmental protection and sustainable development.

Patent publication No. CN103009524B, entitled superheated water non-circulating tire vulcanization process, discloses a tire vulcanization process. The vulcanization process comprises the following steps: preheating by using steam in the initial stage of vulcanization, then filling superheated water into the capsule, closing the water return valve until the vulcanization is finished, wherein the temperature of the superheated water in the capsule is about 160-167 ℃ when the vulcanization is finished, and is still higher than the vulcanization temperature of the tire by 148-150 ℃. The problems with this tire curing process are: steam and superheated water cooperation are used, though the overheated water of later stage does not circulate in the vulcanization, but overall energy consumption still remains high, and the initial stage uses steam, and lower mould shoulder position can have the comdenstion water, and the temperature is less than the temperature of other positions, and the vulcanization degree of whole strip tire can be different, leads to finished product tire physical properties to descend and use unstablely, and two kinds of high temperature medium alternate use, the production process is complicated, and the cost is higher.

Patent publication No. CN10335260C, entitled tire vulcanization process, discloses a tire vulcanization process. The vulcanization process comprises the following steps: high-temperature steam or superheated water with the temperature 15-25% higher than the conventional vulcanization temperature is introduced in the tire vulcanization induction period, and high-temperature steam or superheated water with the temperature 15-25% higher than the conventional vulcanization temperature is introduced discontinuously in the prevulcanization stage. The problems with this tire curing process are: if the high-temperature medium adopts steam, condensed water exists at the shoulder position of the lower die during operation, the temperature is lower than that of other positions, and as a result, when the shoulder position of the lower die is not mature, the other positions are mature, and when the shoulder position of the lower die is mature, the other positions are close to over-vulcanization, so that the physical performance of the finished tire is reduced and the use is unstable. In addition, in the process, high-temperature media are intermittently introduced in the prevulcanization stage, the temperature in the capsule needs to be continuously monitored, the valve needs to be continuously opened and closed, and the production process is complicated.

The vulcanization process of the small-specification tire on the market at present completely adopts the production process of the large-specification tire, and the small-specification tire is different from the large-specification tire in the following steps: the small-size tire has the advantages of thin tire body, short vulcanization time, small and thin vulcanization capsule, rapid filling of the capsule by a high-temperature vulcanization medium and high heat transfer speed of the capsule. Therefore, the problems of serious energy waste, high production cost, easy over-vulcanization of the tire, reduced physical performance of the finished tire, unstable use and the like exist when the existing production process of the large-specification tire is used for processing the small-specification tire. Therefore, enterprises urgently need a vulcanization process specially aiming at small-specification tires, the production cost is reduced, and the tire vulcanization quality is improved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a tire vulcanization process suitable for small-specification tires, reduce the production cost and improve the tire vulcanization quality.

In order to solve the technical problem, the invention discloses a tire vulcanization process suitable for small-specification tires, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the induction period and the pre-vulcanization stage of vulcanization, superheated water with the same temperature as the vulcanization temperature is introduced into the vulcanization capsule for circulation; in the positive vulcanization stage, a valve of superheated water out of the vulcanization capsule is closed, only the valve of superheated water entering the vulcanization capsule is opened, the superheated water is not recycled, the vulcanization capsule is subjected to heat preservation and pressure maintaining, and the pressure is increased by 2-5% compared with the pressure in the circulation stage; and (4) introducing a cooling medium after vulcanization, cooling, and taking out the tire after temperature is reduced.

Preferably, in the induction period and the pre-vulcanization stage of vulcanization, superheated water with the temperature of 160-175 ℃ is introduced into the vulcanization capsule for 3-8 minutes; and in the positive vulcanization stage, a valve of superheated water out of the vulcanization capsule is closed, only the valve of superheated water into the vulcanization capsule is opened, the superheated water is not circulated, and the heat preservation and pressure maintaining are carried out for 3-8 minutes.

Preferably, in the induction period and the pre-vulcanization stage of vulcanization, superheated water at 165-175 ℃ is introduced into the vulcanization capsule for 4-7 minutes; and in the positive vulcanization stage, a valve of superheated water out of the vulcanization capsule is closed, only the valve of superheated water into the vulcanization capsule is opened, the superheated water is not circulated, and the heat preservation and pressure maintaining are carried out for 4-8 minutes.

Preferably, in the induction period and the pre-vulcanization stage of vulcanization, the pressure in the vulcanization capsule is 2.0-2.5 Mpa; in the positive vulcanization stage, the pressure in the vulcanization capsule reaches 2.1-2.6 MPa.

Preferably, in the induction period and the pre-vulcanization stage of vulcanization, the pressure in the vulcanization capsule is 2.1-2.4 Mpa; in the positive vulcanization stage, the pressure in the capsule reaches 2.2-2.5 MPa.

Preferably, after vulcanization, cooling water is introduced for circulation for 10-30 seconds, so that the temperature of the capsule is reduced to be below 100 ℃, the capsule is rapidly cooled, and the production efficiency can be improved.

The invention has the advantages that: 1. in the invention, only superheated water is used as a high-temperature medium, the use types of high-temperature vulcanizing media are reduced, the vulcanizing process is greatly simplified, the vulcanizing device is simple, the use amount of auxiliary vulcanizing equipment is reduced, and the equipment investment is reduced (if steam is used, the cost of devices such as a steam transportation heat-preservation pipeline, a pressure control device, a valve and the like is higher); 2. the superheated water has low cost, is safe and energy-saving, and reduces the energy consumption; 3. the superheated water has consistent temperature at each point in the tire in the whole vulcanization process, the uniformity is high, the tire has no problems of over-vulcanization of the upper mold and hard-maturing of the lower mold, the physical performance of the finished tire is improved, the use is more stable, and the lower mold and the upper mold are vulcanized simultaneously, so that the tire vulcanization time is shortened by 1-5%, the production efficiency is improved, and the equipment utilization rate is improved; 4. in the vulcanization process, the valve of superheated water out of the capsule is closed, only the valve of superheated water entering the capsule is opened, the heat preservation and pressure maintaining are carried out in the capsule, and the valve of superheated water entering the capsule is opened all the time, so that the pressure in the capsule is increased by 2-5% compared with the superheated water circulation stage, the pressure in the capsule is high, the tire fluidity is good, the phenomenon of tire bead glue shortage can not occur, the bad repair is reduced by 5-10%, the tire density is high, the endurance test mileage is increased by 5-10%, and the adhesiveness of each part is good; 5. the small-size tire has a thin tire body and short vulcanization time, the heat of the superheated water and the heating of the mold are enough to finish the tire vulcanization in the vulcanization time, and the superheated water has the same temperature with the vulcanization.

Drawings

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and embodiments:

FIG. 1 is a graph of a prior art tire curing process;

FIG. 2 is a graph of a tire curing process of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention is suitable for the tire vulcanization process of small-specification tires, and is mainly applied to the vulcanization of the small-specification tires, wherein the small-specification tire refers to a tire with the width of break less than 80 (metric system), 3.00 (English system) and the size less than 18 inches, and the small-specification tire is mainly applied to electric vehicles.

The tire vulcanization process of the invention is as follows: in the induction period and the pre-vulcanization stage of vulcanization, superheated water with the same temperature as the vulcanization temperature is introduced into the vulcanization capsule for circulation; in the positive vulcanization stage, a valve of superheated water out of the vulcanization capsule is closed, only the valve of superheated water into the vulcanization capsule is opened, the superheated water is not recycled, the vulcanization capsule is subjected to heat preservation and pressure maintaining, the temperature is reduced by 1-5%, and the pressure is increased by 2-5% compared with the circulation stage; and (4) introducing a cooling medium after vulcanization, cooling, and taking out the tire after temperature is reduced.

The vulcanization process curve of the invention is shown in figure 2, in the induction period and the pre-vulcanization stage of vulcanization, after superheated water enters the vulcanization capsule, the temperature rising rates of the upper mold position and the lower mold position of the tire are consistent, as shown in the stage t0-t1 in figure 2; in the positive vulcanization stage, superheated water is not recycled, the temperature and pressure of the vulcanization capsule are kept and maintained, and the temperature is slightly reduced, as shown in the stage t2-t3 in the figure 2; after vulcanization is completed, cooling water is introduced, the temperature in the bladder rapidly drops, and the tire is taken out as shown in the stage t3-t4 in figure 2. The process curve fully shows the advantages of the invention: superheated water is heated, the temperatures of all vulcanizing points are consistent, the temperature change is uniform, the vulcanization is uniform, the density is high, the lower die shoulder position is higher than the temperature of steam, the short plate effect is eliminated (because of the steam, condensed water exists in the lower die shoulder position, the temperature is lower than the temperatures of other positions, the lower die vulcanization needs to be waited, the vulcanization time of the whole tire is longer), the vulcanization time is shortened by 1-5%, the production efficiency is improved, and the production cost is reduced.

Example 1

The tyre with size of 14 x 2.125 (10 inches, width at break: English system 2.125) is vulcanized in induction stage and prevulcanization stage, and the inside of the vulcanization capsule is introduced with 160 ℃ superheated water for 6 minutes, and the pressure in the vulcanization capsule is 2.0 Mpa. And in the positive vulcanization stage, closing a valve of superheated water out of the vulcanization capsule, only opening a valve of superheated water into the vulcanization capsule, keeping the temperature and pressure for 3 minutes, reducing the temperature to 154 ℃, and increasing the pressure in the capsule to 2.1 MPa. After vulcanization is finished, cooling water is introduced for 10 seconds, the tire is taken out, the whole vulcanization process takes 9 minutes and 10 seconds, compared with the prior process, the time is saved by 0.4 minute, and the energy consumption in the whole vulcanization process is reduced by 71 percent because steam is not needed. The pressure is increased in the whole vulcanization process, the reject ratio is reduced by about 6%, the qualification rate reaches more than 99.8%, and the mileage is improved by about 9%.

Example 2

The tyre with size of 14 x 2.125 (10 inches, width at break: English 2.125) has induction period and prevulcanization stage, and the vulcanizing capsule is filled with overheated water at 165 ℃ for 5.5 minutes, and the pressure in the vulcanizing capsule is 2.1 Mpa. And in the positive vulcanization stage, a valve of superheated water out of the vulcanization capsule is closed, only the valve of superheated water into the vulcanization capsule is opened, the superheated water is not circulated any more, the heat preservation and pressure maintaining are carried out for 3.5 minutes, the temperature is reduced to 158 ℃, and the pressure in the capsule is increased to 2.2 Mpa. After vulcanization is finished, cooling water is introduced for 10 seconds, the tire is taken out, the whole vulcanization process takes 9 minutes and 10 seconds, compared with the prior process, the time is saved by 0.4 minute, and the energy consumption in the whole vulcanization process is reduced by 73 percent because steam is not needed. The pressure is increased in the whole vulcanization process, the reject ratio is reduced by about 6%, the qualification rate reaches more than 99.7%, and the mileage is improved by about 8.9%.

Example 3

A tyre with size of 14X 3.5 (10 inches, width at break: English system 3.5) is vulcanized in induction period and prevulcanization period, and overheated water at 165 deg.C is introduced into the vulcanization capsule for 6 minutes, and the pressure in the vulcanization capsule is 2.2 MPa. And in the positive vulcanization stage, a valve of superheated water out of the vulcanization capsule is closed, only the valve of superheated water into the vulcanization capsule is opened, the superheated water is not circulated any more, the heat preservation and pressure maintaining are carried out for 3.5 minutes, the temperature is reduced to 160 ℃, and the pressure in the capsule is increased to 2.3 Mpa. And after vulcanization is finished, cooling water is introduced for 10 seconds, the tire is taken out, the whole vulcanization process takes 9 minutes and 40 seconds, and compared with the prior process, the process saves 0.7 minute, and the energy consumption in the whole vulcanization process is reduced by more than 70 percent because steam is not needed. The pressure is increased in the whole vulcanization process, the reject ratio is reduced by about 8%, the qualification rate reaches more than 99.5%, and the mileage is improved by about 8%.

Example 4

The tyre with size of 14 x 3.5 (10 inches, width at break: English system 3.5) is vulcanized in induction period and prevulcanization period, and the vulcanizing bladder is filled with 167 deg.C overheated water for 5.5 minutes, and the pressure in the vulcanizing bladder is 2.5 MPa. And in the positive vulcanization stage, a valve of superheated water out of the vulcanization capsule is closed, only the valve of superheated water into the vulcanization capsule is opened, the superheated water is not circulated any more, the heat preservation and pressure maintaining are carried out for 4 minutes, the temperature is reduced to 159 ℃, and the pressure in the capsule is increased to 2.6 Mpa. And after vulcanization is finished, cooling water is introduced for 10 seconds, the tire is taken out, the whole vulcanization process takes 9 minutes and 40 seconds, and compared with the prior process, the process saves 0.7 minute, and the energy consumption in the whole vulcanization process is reduced by over 71 percent because steam is not needed. The pressure is increased in the whole vulcanization process, the reject ratio is reduced by about 8%, the qualification rate reaches more than 99.6%, and the mileage is improved by about 7.9%.

Example 5

The tyre with size of 16 x 3.0 (12 inches, width at break: English system 3.0) is vulcanized in the induction period and the pre-vulcanization stage, and the hot water with temperature of 169 ℃ is introduced into the vulcanization capsule for 7 minutes, and the pressure in the vulcanization capsule is 2.3 Mpa. And in the positive vulcanization stage, a valve of superheated water out of the vulcanization capsule is closed, only the valve of superheated water into the vulcanization capsule is opened, the superheated water is not circulated any more, the heat preservation and pressure maintaining are carried out for 3.5 minutes, the temperature is reduced to 161 ℃, and the pressure in the capsule is increased to 2.4 MPa. After vulcanization is finished, cooling water is introduced for 30 seconds, the tire is taken out, the whole vulcanization process takes 11 minutes, 1 minute is saved compared with the prior process, and energy consumption in the whole vulcanization process is reduced by more than 68% because steam is not needed. The pressure is increased in the whole vulcanization process, the reject ratio is reduced by about 5%, the qualification rate reaches over 99.2%, and the mileage is improved by about 5%.

Example 6

The tyre with size of 16 x 3.0 (12 inches, width at break: English system 3.0) is vulcanized in induction period and prevulcanization period, and the inside of the vulcanization capsule is filled with 160 ℃ superheated water for 7 minutes, and the pressure in the vulcanization capsule is 2.4 Mpa. And in the positive vulcanization stage, a valve of superheated water out of the vulcanization capsule is closed, only the valve of superheated water into the vulcanization capsule is opened, the superheated water is not circulated any more, the heat preservation and pressure maintaining are carried out for 3.5 minutes, the temperature is reduced to 155 ℃, and the pressure in the capsule is increased to 2.5 Mpa. After vulcanization is finished, cooling water is introduced for 30 seconds, the tire is taken out, the whole vulcanization process takes 11 minutes, 1 minute is saved compared with the prior process, and energy consumption in the whole vulcanization process is reduced by more than 72 percent because steam is not needed. The pressure is increased in the whole vulcanization process, the reject ratio is reduced by about 5%, the qualification rate reaches over 99.2%, and the mileage is improved by about 5%.

Example 7

A tyre with size of 22X 2.125 (18 inches, width at break: English 2.125) is vulcanized in induction stage and prevulcanization stage, and overheated water at 170 deg.C is introduced into the vulcanization capsule for 8 minutes, and the pressure in the vulcanization capsule is 2.5 Mpa. And in the positive vulcanization stage, closing a valve of superheated water out of the vulcanization capsule, only opening a valve of superheated water into the vulcanization capsule, keeping the temperature and pressure for 3 minutes, reducing the temperature to 162 ℃, and increasing the pressure in the capsule to 2.6 Mpa. After vulcanization is finished, cooling water is introduced for 20 seconds, the tire is taken out, the whole vulcanization process takes 11 minutes and 20 seconds, 1 minute is saved compared with the prior process, and energy consumption in the whole vulcanization process is reduced by more than 69% because steam is not needed. The pressure is increased in the whole vulcanization process, the reject ratio is reduced by about 10%, the qualification rate reaches more than 99.1%, and the mileage is improved by about 10%.

Example 8

A tyre with size of 22X 2.125 (18 inches, width at break: English 2.125) is vulcanized in induction stage and prevulcanization stage, and then 175 deg.C overheated water is introduced into the vulcanization capsule for 7.5 minutes, and the pressure in the vulcanization capsule is 2.5 MPa. And in the positive vulcanization stage, a valve of superheated water out of the vulcanization capsule is closed, only the valve of superheated water into the vulcanization capsule is opened, the superheated water is not circulated any more, the heat preservation and pressure maintaining are carried out for 3.5 minutes, the temperature is reduced to 169 ℃, and the pressure in the capsule is increased to 2.6 Mpa. After vulcanization is finished, cooling water is introduced for 20 seconds, the tire is taken out, the whole vulcanization process takes 11 minutes and 20 seconds, 1 minute is saved compared with the prior process, and energy consumption in the whole vulcanization process is reduced by more than 70% because steam is not needed. The pressure in the whole vulcanization process is increased, the reject ratio is reduced by about 9.9 percent, the qualification rate reaches over 99.2 percent, and the mileage is improved by about 9.8 percent.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. The foregoing embodiments have described the present invention in detail, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made in the embodiments described above, or some features may be substituted for those skilled in the art. It is intended that all such modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like which come within the spirit of the invention are included within the scope of the invention.