阅读说明：本技术 一种城市生活污泥资源化利用的先进技术 (Advanced technology for resource utilization of municipal domestic sludge ) 是由 张国玺 杜殿兴 张永梅 李翔 于 2021-01-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种城市生活污泥资源化利用先进技术,其工艺过程为经预处理后的城市生活污泥按照一定比例掺加禽畜粪、辅料与高温生物菌混合,将混合后的物料通过传送带输送至混拌区,在混拌区利用自动加菌混拌推送一体机进行充分混合,混合后的物料含水率控制在50-60％,通过铲车将物料堆建纳米膜好氧发酵仓,用石墨烯光催化纳米膜覆盖,在光照和曝气系统作用下,通过微生物菌群实现污泥高温有氧快速发酵,经12天完成发酵腐熟,去膜后转运至贮存室进行15天的陈化形成粉状有机肥,实现污泥无害化、减量化、资源化利用。(The invention discloses an advanced technology for recycling municipal domestic sludge, which comprises the following steps of mixing pretreated municipal domestic sludge with poultry and livestock manure, auxiliary materials and high-temperature biological bacteria according to a certain proportion, conveying the mixed material to a mixing area through a conveyor belt, fully mixing the mixed material in the mixing area by using an automatic bacteria-adding mixing and pushing all-in-one machine, controlling the water content of the mixed material to be 50-60%, piling the material by using a forklift to form a nano-film aerobic fermentation bin, covering the nano-film by using graphene photocatalysis nano-film, realizing high-temperature aerobic rapid fermentation of the sludge through microbial flora under the action of illumination and an aeration system, completing fermentation and rotting for 12 days, removing the film, transferring the sludge to a storage chamber, and aging for 15 days to form powdery organic fertilizer, thereby realizing harmless, quantitative reduction and recycling of the sludge.)

1. An advanced technology for recycling municipal domestic sludge is characterized in that the advanced technology comprises the steps of mixing pretreated municipal domestic sludge with poultry and livestock manure, auxiliary materials and high-temperature biological bacteria according to a certain proportion, conveying the mixed materials to a mixing area through a conveyor belt, fully mixing the materials in the mixing area by using an automatic bacteria-adding mixing and pushing all-in-one machine, controlling the water content of the mixed materials to be 50-60%, piling the materials by using a forklift to form a nano-film aerobic fermentation bin, covering the nano-film with graphene photocatalysis nano-film, realizing high-temperature aerobic rapid fermentation of the sludge through microbial flora under the action of illumination and an aeration system, completing fermentation and rotting for 12 days, removing the film, and transferring the sludge to a storage chamber for aging for 15 days to form a powdery organic fertilizer.

2. The advanced technology for recycling municipal sewage sludge according to claim 1, wherein the pretreatment of municipal sewage sludge is heavy metal and dehydration treatment, the heavy metal treatment is chemical method, EDTA and citric acid are added, and the heavy metal in the sludge is passivated by complexing action of chelating agent.

3. The advanced technology for resource utilization of municipal domestic sludge according to claim 1, wherein the municipal domestic sludge is mixed with livestock manure, auxiliary materials and the like in a certain proportion, and the sludge accounts for 40-50%, the livestock manure accounts for 30-40%, the auxiliary materials account for 15-18%, and the thermophilic biological bacteria accounts for 2-5% by weight.

4. The advanced technology for recycling municipal domestic sludge according to claim 1, wherein the livestock manure is cattle and sheep manure, the municipal sludge and the cattle and sheep manure are coupled and mixed, and under the action of high-temperature biological bacteria, static aerobic high-temperature fermentation is carried out in the graphene photocatalytic nano-film aerobic fermentation chamber to obtain the organic fertilizer.

5. The advanced technology for resource utilization of municipal domestic sludge according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary material is straw powder or rice hull, which facilitates adjustment of the air permeability of the material.

6. The advanced technology for resource utilization of municipal sludge according to claim 1, wherein the high-temperature biological bacteria are PGPR super bacteria, which are naturally fermented for 8 hours and rapidly heated to 65 ℃ or higher, with low energy consumption, without heating, and without being affected by seasons and rainy and snowy weather.

7. The advanced technology for resource utilization of municipal domestic sludge according to claim 1, wherein the graphene photocatalytic nanomembrane has a surface layer of ultraviolet-resistant graphene photocatalytic ultrahigh molecular polyester fiber material, an intermediate layer of a polymer nanomaterial semi-permeable membrane with special selectivity and an inner layer of an acid-base-resistant and corrosion-resistant ultrahigh molecular polyester fiber material layer; the molecular filtration microporous structure of the covering film can protect decomposed substances from the outside, so that the decomposed substances are not affected by weather such as rain, cold weather and the like. Keeping smell, dust, bacteria and germs inside from the inside, but air and moisture can penetrate.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of sludge resource utilization, in particular to an advanced technology for resource utilization of municipal domestic sludge.

Background

With the increasing intensity of environmental protection treatment in China, how to treat the municipal domestic sludge becomes a big problem of a sewage treatment plant. In 2020, domestic sewage treatment plants in China produce over 7000 million tons of domestic sludge with 80% of water content, and the domestic sludge is rapidly increased every year. At present, almost all sewage plants are provided with sludge concentration and dehydration facilities, and are stored and kept, so that secondary pollution to the environment is avoided. After the sludge which is not properly treated enters the environment, secondary pollution is directly brought to water and atmosphere, and serious threat is formed to the ecological environment and human activities. According to the solid waste method management method of China's 2020, sewage plant sludge must be subjected to stabilization and harmless treatment. At present, municipal domestic sludge treatment technologies are generally in research, development and trial stages, such as sludge composting treatment technology, sludge building material technology, sludge fuel technology, sludge anaerobic digestion (biogas production) technology, solar sludge drying technology, sludge ionizing radiation treatment technology, microwave technology, sludge microbial treatment technology and the like. At present, the commonly adopted treatment and disposal routes of sludge include sanitary landfill, land utilization and building material utilization.

From the trend of sludge treatment, the realization of sludge resource utilization is a key and development trend in the future, along with the improvement of environmental protection requirements, the construction space of a landfill plant is extremely limited due to the shortage of land resources in sanitary landfill, and the sanitary landfill cannot be continued as a main sludge disposal mode for a long time; the construction material route after incineration has large investment and faces the problem of secondary pollution; along with the actual demands of farmland improvement and land greening rate improvement in China, the demand of organic fertilizers is greatly increased. Therefore, the development of an advanced municipal sewage sludge resource utilization technology is desired by municipal sewage treatment plants at present.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an advanced technology for recycling municipal domestic sludge, which can mix the sludge with livestock and poultry manure, straw/rice hulls and high-temperature biological bacteria, realize high-temperature aerobic rapid fermentation and decomposition of the sludge in a nano-film aerobic fermentation chamber, and age in a film-removing transfer storage chamber to form a powdery organic fertilizer.

In order to solve the technical problem, the invention is solved by the following technical scheme:

an advanced technology for recycling municipal domestic sludge comprises the steps of mixing pretreated municipal domestic sludge with poultry and livestock manure, auxiliary materials and high-temperature biological bacteria according to a certain proportion, conveying the mixed material to a mixing area through a conveyor belt, fully mixing the mixed material in the mixing area by using an automatic bacteria-adding, mixing and pushing all-in-one machine, controlling the water content of the mixed material to be 50-60%, piling the material by using a forklift to form a nano-film aerobic fermentation bin, covering the nano-film by using graphene photocatalysis, realizing high-temperature aerobic rapid fermentation of the sludge through microbial flora under the action of illumination and an aeration system, completing fermentation and decomposition for about 12 days, removing the film, and transferring the sludge to a storage chamber for aging for 15 days to form a powdery organic fertilizer.

Preferably, the pretreatment of the municipal domestic sludge is heavy metal and dehydration treatment, the heavy metal treatment adopts a chemical method, and EDTA and a citric acid complexing agent are used for separating out heavy metals in the municipal domestic sludge through chlorination, ion exchange, acidification, complexing of a chelating agent and a surfactant, so that the heavy metals in the sludge are passivated.

Preferably, the urban domestic sludge is mixed with livestock manure, straws, rice hulls and the like according to a certain proportion, and the sludge accounts for 40-50 percent, the livestock manure accounts for 30-40 percent, the auxiliary materials account for 15-18 percent and the high-temperature biological bacteria accounts for 2-5 percent according to weight percentage.

Preferably, the livestock manure is cattle and sheep manure, the municipal sludge and the cattle and sheep manure are coupled and mixed, and under the action of high-temperature biological bacteria, static aerobic high-temperature fermentation is carried out in a graphene photocatalytic nano-film aerobic fermentation bin to obtain the organic fertilizer.

Preferably, the auxiliary material is straw powder or rice hulls, so that the air permeability of the material can be conveniently adjusted.

Preferably, the high-temperature biological bacteria are PGPR super bacteria, are naturally fermented for 8 hours, are quickly heated to over 65 ℃, are low in energy consumption, do not need to be heated, and are not influenced by seasons and rain and snow weather.

Preferably, the surface layer of the graphene photocatalytic nano-film is provided with an ultraviolet-resistant graphene photocatalytic ultrahigh molecular polyester fiber material, the middle layer is formed by compounding a high molecular nano-material semipermeable membrane with special selectivity and the inner layer is formed by compounding an acid-base-resistant and corrosion-resistant ultrahigh molecular polyester fiber material layer; the molecular filtration microporous structure of the covering film can protect decomposed substances from the outside, so that the decomposed substances are not affected by weather such as rain, cold weather and the like. Keeping smell, dust, bacteria and germs inside from the inside, but air and moisture can penetrate.

Has the advantages that: the invention provides an advanced technology for recycling municipal domestic sludge, which comprises the steps of mixing poultry and livestock manure, auxiliary materials and high-temperature biological bacteria in a certain proportion into the municipal domestic sludge subjected to stabilization pretreatment, conveying the mixed material to a mixing area through a conveyor belt, fully mixing the mixed material in the mixing area by using an automatic bacteria-adding mixing and pushing all-in-one machine, controlling the water content of the mixed material to be 50-60%, piling the material by using a forklift to form a nano-film aerobic fermentation chamber, covering the nano-film with graphene photocatalysis, adopting a sealed high-temperature biological bacteria, photocatalysis nano-film, PLC intelligent control system and photocatalysis linkage technology 'static high-temperature aerobic fermentation system', supplying oxygen through micro-negative pressure gas exchange, controlling the activity of microorganisms through multi-factor linkage, automatically acquiring instrument data and adopting a computer for feedback control in the fermentation process, the aeration oxygen supply system realizes the automatic control of oxygen supply according to the energy consumption in the material fermentation process; the graphene photocatalytic nano film has the functions of rain proofing, heat preservation, moisture permeability and deodorization, can maintain certain humidity and temperature of the fermentation bin, prevents external moisture water molecules or cold air from entering, ensures that water vapor in the fermentation bin normally passes through, effectively blocks most odor and ammonia gas in the nano film, decomposes a small part of the permeated odor and ammonia gas into carbon dioxide and water by photocatalytic nano fibers, realizes real high-temperature harmless treatment, realizes high-temperature aerobic rapid fermentation of sludge through microbial flora under the action of an illumination and aeration system, completes fermentation and decomposition for about 12 days, and transfers the sludge to a storage chamber for 15 days after film removal to form powdery organic fertilizer after aging. The invention fully utilizes the cattle and sheep excrement, reduces the production cost, reduces the usage amount of chemical fertilizers, overcomes the defects of pesticide residue and heavy metal residue in agricultural and sideline products due to long-term use of fertilizers, improves the soil, softens the soil, increases the organic matter content of the soil, improves the fertilizer efficiency of the soil, is environment-friendly, efficient and balanced in nutrition, solves the problems of difficult storage, difficult absorption, equipment maintenance, environmental protection, direct exhaust emission and the like of livestock and poultry manure in a farm, has less operation links, high reliability, low energy consumption, extremely low failure rate, high automation degree and advanced and reasonable process technology, is suitable for mass treatment of urban sludge, and realizes harmless, quantitative and resource utilization of the urban domestic sludge.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present process technology.

FIG. 2 is a static aerobic high-temperature fermentation system covered by a graphene photocatalytic nano-film.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.

Example 1:

an advanced technology for recycling municipal domestic sludge comprises the following technical processes of mixing the pretreated municipal domestic sludge with livestock and poultry manure, auxiliary materials and high-temperature biological bacteria in percentage by weight: 50% of sludge, 30% of livestock manure, 18% of auxiliary material, 2% of high-temperature biological bacteria and the auxiliary material being straw powder or rice husk, conveying the mixed material to a mixing area through a conveyor belt, fully mixing the materials in a mixing area by using an automatic bacteria-adding, mixing and pushing integrated machine, controlling the water content of the mixed materials to be 50-60%, the materials are piled up in a nano-film aerobic fermentation bin through a forklift, covered by a graphene photocatalytic nano-film, and a static high-temperature aerobic fermentation system of sealed high-temperature biological bacteria, photocatalytic nano-film coverage, a PLC intelligent control system and a photocatalytic linkage technology is adopted, oxygen is supplied by micro-negative pressure gas exchange, the activity of microorganisms is controlled by multi-factor linkage, the fermentation process is automatically acquired by instrument data and is controlled by computer feedback, and the aeration oxygen supply system realizes the automatic control of oxygen supply according to the energy consumption in the material fermentation process; the graphene photocatalytic nano film has the functions of rain proofing, heat preservation, moisture permeability and deodorization, can maintain certain humidity and temperature of the fermentation bin, prevents external moisture water molecules or cold air from entering, ensures that water vapor in the fermentation bin normally passes through, effectively blocks most odor and ammonia gas in the nano film, decomposes a small part of the permeated odor and ammonia gas into carbon dioxide and water by photocatalytic nano fibers, realizes real high-temperature harmless treatment, realizes high-temperature aerobic rapid fermentation of sludge through microbial flora under the action of an illumination and aeration system, completes fermentation and decomposition for about 12 days, and transfers the sludge to a storage chamber for 15 days after film removal to form powdery organic fertilizer after aging.

According to the NY884-2012 standard of the Ministry of agriculture, the sludge to be treated and the obtained biological organic fertilizer are detected, the detection results are shown in Table 1, the results show that the heavy metal of the sludge meets the limit value of the A-grade sludge in the agricultural argillaceous standard (CJ/T309-2009), and all indexes of the obtained biological organic fertilizer meet the NY884-2012 standard of the Ministry of agriculture. The prepared bio-organic fertilizer is mainly used for urban landscaping, forest lands and crops.

TABLE 1 biological organic fertilizer and sludge to be treated test results

The urban sludge is a tested material, and the results of indoor tests and pot tests show that the plant height, the root length and the overground part/underground part dry weight of the first crop in the seedling stage of corn show the trend of increasing firstly and then decreasing along with the increase of the application amount of the sludge, and when the application amount of the tested sludge is 12g/kg, the indexes are the maximum; the plant height, the root length, the dry weight of the overground part and the underground part of the second crop rape at the seedling stage are mostly increased along with the increase of the application amount, the contents of organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil at the seedling stage of the second crop are increased along with the increase of the application amount of the sludge to be tested, the increasing effect of the sludge with high contents of the organic matters and nutrients on the organic matters and nutrients of the soil is larger, the contents of the nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the crops are improved to different degrees by applying the sludge, and the content of the nutrients of the first crop corn at the seedling stage is larger than that of the second crop rape. With the increase of the application amount of the sludge to be tested, the contents of all Cu, all Zn, all Pb, all Cd, all Cr and all As in the soil tend to increase, and after the sludge is applied, the heavy metals in the soil, except Cd which is mainly in a ferro-manganese oxide combined state, are mainly in a residue state, the heavy metals Cu, Zn, Pb and Cr in the soil are mainly in a residue state, the underground part of the heavy metal content of the first crop corn is larger than the overground part by applying the sludge, and the overground part of the heavy metal content of the rape is larger than the underground part.

Example 2:

an advanced technology for recycling municipal domestic sludge comprises the following technical processes of mixing the pretreated municipal domestic sludge with livestock and poultry manure, auxiliary materials and high-temperature biological bacteria in percentage by weight: 40% of sludge, 40% of livestock manure, 15% of auxiliary material and 5% of high-temperature biological bacteria, wherein the auxiliary material is straw powder or rice husk, the mixed material is conveyed to a mixing area through a conveyor belt, the mixed material is fully mixed in the mixing area by using an automatic bacteria-adding mixing and pushing integrated machine, the water content of the mixed material is controlled to be 50-60%, a nano-film aerobic fermentation bin is built by using a forklift for stacking the material, the nano-film is covered by using a graphene photocatalytic nano-film, a static high-temperature aerobic fermentation system of 'sealed high-temperature biological bacteria + photocatalytic nano-film covering + PLC intelligent control system + photocatalytic linkage technology' is adopted, the temperature, humidity and oxygen supply in the fermentation bin is kept and optimized through the automatic control system, the organic waste decomposition process is effectively shortened, the fermentation efficiency is improved, the high-temperature aerobic rapid fermentation of the sludge is realized through microbial flora under the action of illumination and an aeration system, the fermentation decomposition, after the film is removed, the mixture is transported to a storage chamber for aging for 15 days to form powdery organic fertilizer.

According to the NY884-2012 standard of the Ministry of agriculture, the sludge to be treated and the obtained biological organic fertilizer are detected, the detection results are shown in Table 2, the results show that the heavy metal of the sludge meets the limit value of the A-grade sludge in the agricultural argillaceous standard (CJ/T309-2009), and all indexes of the obtained biological organic fertilizer meet the NY884-2012 standard of the Ministry of agriculture.

TABLE 2 detection results of bio-organic fertilizer and sludge to be treated

Example 3:

an advanced technology for recycling municipal domestic sludge comprises the following technical processes of mixing the pretreated municipal domestic sludge with livestock and poultry manure, auxiliary materials and high-temperature biological bacteria in percentage by weight: 45% of sludge, 35% of poultry and livestock manure, 15% of auxiliary material and 5% of high-temperature biological bacteria, wherein the auxiliary material is straw powder or rice husk, the mixed material is conveyed to a mixing area through a conveyor belt, the mixing area is fully mixed by an automatic bacteria-adding mixing and pushing integrated machine, the water content of the mixed material is controlled to be 50-60%, a forklift is used for stacking the material to form a nano-film aerobic fermentation bin, the nano-film is covered by a graphene photocatalytic nano-film, a static high-temperature aerobic fermentation system of 'high-temperature biological bacteria + photocatalytic nano-film covering + PLC intelligent control system + photocatalytic linkage technology' is adopted, the temperature, humidity and oxygen supply in the fermentation bin is kept and optimized through the automatic control system, the organic waste decomposition process is effectively shortened, the fermentation efficiency is improved, the high-temperature aerobic rapid fermentation of the sludge is realized through microbial flora under the action of illumination and an aeration system, the fermentation decomposition is completed in about 12, after the film is removed, the mixture is transported to a storage chamber for aging for 15 days to form powdery organic fertilizer.

According to the NY884-2012 standard of the Ministry of agriculture, the sludge to be treated and the obtained biological organic fertilizer are detected, the detection results are shown in Table 3, the results show that the heavy metal of the sludge meets the limit value of the A-grade sludge in the agricultural argillaceous standard (CJ/T309-2009), and all indexes of the obtained biological organic fertilizer meet the NY884-2012 standard of the Ministry of agriculture.

TABLE 3 detection results of bio-organic fertilizer and sludge to be treated