阅读说明：本技术 一种限根、限液营养液栽培及微环境精准调控系统及方法 (Root-limiting and liquid-limiting nutrient solution cultivation and microenvironment accurate regulation and control system and method ) 是由 仝宇欣 于 2021-07-02 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种限根、限液营养液栽培及微环境精准调控系统及方法,属于设施农业工程领域,该系统主要包括上固定架、栽培支撑架、限根栽培槽、黑色网、上下可移动固定架、通风管道、滴灌管、滴箭和回液管。可以大幅减少营养液使用量和废弃液量,减少营养液循环使用需要杀菌消毒,过滤、实时监测调配等繁琐程序。避免营养液长期使用带来的细菌、青苔滋生、根系溶解氧不足等问题。限根栽培槽与栽培支撑架的可移动性可以大幅增加栽培密度,避免单独取苗移栽耗时耗人力,也避免移栽对根系的损伤,便于实现自动化。根生长受到一定限制,促使光合产物更多的用于地上部生长发育。管道上开有通风孔,以便符合植物生长要求的空气均匀分布到植物群落。(The invention discloses a root-limiting and liquid-limiting nutrient solution cultivation and microenvironment accurate regulation and control system and method, belonging to the field of facility agricultural engineering. The using amount and the waste liquid amount of the nutrient solution can be greatly reduced, and the complicated procedures of sterilization, filtration, real-time monitoring and blending and the like required by recycling the nutrient solution are reduced. The problems of bacteria and moss breeding, insufficient dissolved oxygen of root systems and the like caused by long-term use of the nutrient solution are avoided. The mobility of limit root cultivation groove and cultivation support frame can increase cultivation density by a wide margin, avoids getting alone that the seedling transplants consuming time and consuming manpower, also avoids transplanting the damage to the root system, is convenient for realize the automation. Root growth is limited, promoting more photosynthetic products to be used for overground growth and development. The pipeline is provided with vent holes so that air meeting the growth requirement of plants is uniformly distributed to the plant community.)

1. The utility model provides a limit root, limit accurate regulation and control system of liquid nutrient solution cultivation and microenvironment which characterized in that includes: the device comprises an upper fixing frame, a cultivation supporting frame, a root limiting cultivation groove, a black net, an upper and lower movable fixing frame, a ventilation pipeline, a drip irrigation pipe, a drip arrow and a liquid return pipe; the upper fixing frame is arranged above at least one end of the cultivation support frame, is vertically arranged relative to the cultivation support frame, is used for fixing the height of the cultivation support frame and adjusts the distance between the upper fixing frame and the light source by moving up and down; the cultivation support frame fixedly supports a row of root-limiting cultivation tanks, the bottom of each root-limiting cultivation tank is provided with a liquid return tank, and a layer of black net covering the liquid return tanks is laid on the cultivation support frame; a cultivation fixing matrix for plant cultivation is arranged in the root limiting cultivation groove, a layer of opaque film or thin plate is covered above the root limiting cultivation groove, and a liquid return notch communicated with the liquid return groove is formed in the bottom of the root limiting cultivation groove; a drip irrigation pipe is fixed on one side of the cultivation support frame, and the other side of the cultivation support frame is movably connected with an up-down movable fixing frame; the height of the drip irrigation pipe is higher than that of the root limiting cultivation groove, the drip irrigation pipe is connected with a plurality of drip arrows, and the drip arrows are inserted into the cultivation fixed matrix and used for irrigating nutrient solution; the upper end of the up-and-down movable fixing frame is used for fixing the ventilation pipeline, and the ventilation pipeline is adjusted in height by moving up and down relative to the cultivation support frame; the ventilation pipeline is provided with a plurality of ventilation holes; the liquid return pipe is arranged below one end of the cultivation support frame, is vertically arranged relative to the cultivation support frame and is communicated with the liquid return groove.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the cultivation support shelves are arranged in parallel with one or more layers in a longitudinal direction and one or more rows in a lateral direction.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the cultivation support frame secures the drip irrigation pipe through the clamping slot.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the vent in the ventilation duct is directed towards the location of the root limiting growth chamber.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the ventilation duct is controlled by a fan to control the air speed, and the drip irrigation pipe is automatically controlled by a solenoid valve to control the irrigation amount of the nutrient solution.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein the culture support matrix of the root-limiting culture tank comprises a culture support material selected from the group consisting of rockwool, sponge, and coir.

7. A root-limiting, liquid-limiting nutrient solution cultivation and microenvironment precise regulation and control method based on any one of the systems of claims 1-6, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

the longitudinal and transverse positions of the movable cultivation support frame are arranged through the upper fixing frame, and the inclination degree is adjusted;

adjusting the cultivation density by adjusting the position of the root limiting cultivation groove;

covering a layer of opaque film or thin plate above the root limiting cultivation groove to prevent light and bacteria and algae from breeding;

the use amount of nutrient solution and the waste liquid amount are reduced by taking the cultivation support material as a cultivation fixed matrix of the root-limiting cultivation tank;

the height of the ventilation pipeline is adjusted by adjusting the vertically movable fixing frame, so that air is uniformly sprayed to different parts of each plant, and the air humidity, the air speed and the CO are adjusted by controlling the ventilation quantity₂Content (c);

adjusting the irrigation flow of the nutrient solution through a drip irrigation pipe electromagnetic valve, and recovering the nutrient solution through a reflux groove and a liquid return pipe;

by laying the black net on the cultivation support frame, the returned nutrient solution is allowed to permeate, and meanwhile, the light permeation is reduced.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of facility agricultural engineering, and particularly relates to a root-limiting and liquid-limiting nutrient solution cultivation and microenvironment accurate regulation and control system and method.

Background

In recent years, plant factory technology has rapidly developed and has gained more and more attention in china. With the development of plant factory technology, improvements are needed in many aspects of technical details in order to further improve the utilization efficiency of input resources, reduce the cost, and simultaneously improve the product quality and yield.

The plant factory mainly applies nutrient solution cultivation technology, including deep liquid flow nutrient solution cultivation technology (DFT), shallow liquid flow nutrient solution cultivation technology (NFT) and aeroponic technology, and the current cultivation technology has the following main advantages and disadvantages: DFT has the following advantages: the continuous circulation is not needed, the operation energy consumption is saved, the nutrient solution amount is large, and enough nutrition is provided for the growth of plants; DFT disadvantages: the amount of the nutrient solution injected each time is large, the nutrient solution is easy to grow moss after long-term use, root secretion is accumulated to cause the nutrient solution to be turbid, bacteria are easy to breed, and insufficient oxygen dissolving amount is easy to cause due to insufficient cycle times or time. NFT has the advantages that: the amount of used nutrient solution is small, the amount of waste solution is small, and the problem of insufficient dissolved oxygen of the nutrient solution is not easy to generate; NFT disadvantages: nutrient solution circulation is required all the time, and plant growth is influenced in a short period of time when power is cut off or a circulating pump has problems. The aeroponic culture has the advantages that: the growth environment of the rhizosphere can be accurately regulated and controlled, and the phenomenon of oxygen deficiency of the rhizosphere can not occur; the materialization defect is as follows: different plants, the spraying demand of different growth stages of plants is different, and the plant growth can be influenced in a short time in case of a problem of power failure or a circulating pump. In the aspect of plant factory environment regulation and control, what utilize at present basically is that indoor whole carries out environmental control, and along with plant factory scale constantly increases, the accurate regulation and control in cultivation space is hardly accomplished to the adoption indoor environment overall control of macrophyte factory.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a root-limiting and liquid-limiting nutrient solution cultivation and microenvironment accurate regulation and control system and method, which can be used for performing root-limiting and liquid-limiting nutrient solution cultivation and microenvironment accurate regulation and control on plants.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a limit root, limit accurate regulation and control system of liquid nutrient solution cultivation and microenvironment includes: the device comprises an upper fixing frame, a cultivation supporting frame, a root limiting cultivation groove, a black net, an upper and lower movable fixing frame, a ventilation pipeline, a drip irrigation pipe, a drip arrow and a liquid return pipe; the upper fixing frame is arranged above at least one end of the cultivation support frame, is vertically arranged relative to the cultivation support frame, is used for fixing the height of the cultivation support frame and adjusts the distance between the upper fixing frame and the light source by moving up and down; the cultivation support frame fixedly supports a row of root-limiting cultivation tanks, the bottom of each root-limiting cultivation tank is provided with a liquid return tank, and a layer of black net covering the liquid return tanks is laid on the cultivation support frame; a cultivation fixing matrix for plant cultivation is arranged in the root limiting cultivation groove, a layer of opaque film or thin plate is covered above the root limiting cultivation groove, and a liquid return notch communicated with the liquid return groove is formed in the bottom of the root limiting cultivation groove and used for returning nutrient solution; a drip irrigation pipe is fixed on one side of the cultivation support frame, and the other side of the cultivation support frame is movably connected with an up-down movable fixing frame; the height of the drip irrigation pipe is higher than that of the root limiting cultivation groove, the drip irrigation pipe is connected with a plurality of drip arrows, and the drip arrows are inserted into the cultivation fixed matrix and used for irrigating nutrient solution; the upper end of the up-and-down movable fixing frame is used for fixing the ventilation pipeline, and the ventilation pipeline is adjusted in height by moving up and down relative to the cultivation support frame; the ventilation pipeline is provided with a plurality of ventilation holes; the liquid return pipe is arranged below one end of the cultivation support frame, is vertically arranged relative to the cultivation support frame, is communicated with the liquid return groove and is used for returning nutrient solution for further disinfection treatment and cyclic utilization.

Furthermore, the cultivation support frame is a longitudinal layer or a plurality of layers and a transverse row or a plurality of rows which are arranged in parallel.

Furthermore, the opaque film or thin plate is made of plastic or other materials,

further, the cultivation support frame fixes the drip irrigation pipe through the clamping groove.

Furthermore, the ventilation holes on the ventilation pipeline face the positions of the root limiting cultivation grooves.

Furthermore, the ventilation pipeline controls the wind speed by a fan, and the drip irrigation pipe automatically controls the irrigation amount of the nutrient solution by an electromagnetic valve.

Furthermore, the culture fixing substrate of the root-limiting culture groove contains a culture support material, and the culture support material can be rock wool, sponge or coconut coir and other materials with large porosity and good water absorption and water retention.

A method for limiting roots, limiting liquid nutrient solution cultivation and precisely regulating and controlling a microenvironment comprises the following steps:

the longitudinal and transverse positions of the movable cultivation support frame are arranged through the upper fixing frame, and the inclination degree is adjusted;

the cultivation density is adjusted by adjusting the position of the root limiting cultivation groove, so that the cultivation density is increased;

covering a layer of opaque film or thin plate above the root limiting cultivation groove to prevent light and bacteria and algae from breeding;

the use amount of nutrient solution and the waste liquid amount are reduced by taking the cultivation support material as a cultivation fixed matrix of the root-limiting cultivation tank;

the height of the ventilation pipeline is adjusted by adjusting the vertically movable fixing frame, so that the air can be uniformly sprayed to different parts of plants in different growth stages, and the air humidity, the air speed and the CO are adjusted by controlling the ventilation quantity₂Content (c);

adjusting the irrigation flow of the nutrient solution through a drop arrow, and recovering the nutrient solution through a reflux groove and a liquid return pipe;

by laying the black net on the cultivation support frame, the returned nutrient solution is allowed to permeate, and meanwhile, the light permeation is reduced.

The invention has the advantages that: 1) the liquid limiting is that materials with good water retention, water retention and air permeability are adopted as cultivation growth supporting materials (such as sponge, rock wool, coconut coir and the like), so that the using amount and the waste liquid amount of the nutrient solution are greatly reduced, and the complicated procedures of sterilization, filtration, real-time monitoring and blending and the like required by recycling of the nutrient solution are reduced. 2) The problems of bacteria and moss breeding, insufficient dissolved oxygen of root systems and the like caused by long-term use of the nutrient solution are avoided. 3) The mobility of limit root cultivation groove and cultivation support frame can increase cultivation density by a wide margin, avoids getting alone that the seedling transplants consuming time and consuming manpower, also avoids transplanting the damage to the root system, is convenient for realize the automation. 4) Root growth is limited, promoting more photosynthetic products to be used for overground growth and development. 5) The pipeline is provided with vent holes so that air meeting the growth requirement of plants is uniformly distributed to the plant community. The air outlet speed can be adjusted and controlled through fan type selection, rotating speed, ventilation pipeline opening size, distance and the like. The environmental disturbance in the plant community is increased, so that the environment in the community is also accurately controlled, and the non-uniform distribution of environmental factors in the plant growth space is avoided; the wind speed in the plant community and the canopy is increased, the transpiration is increased, and the occurrence of physiological diseases such as plant leaf burn is reduced; environmental factor (wind speed, CO)₂Concentration, etc.) in the plant growth space, increasing the effectiveness of environmental control, and increasing the input resources such as CO₂Etc. in the light of the efficiency of utilization.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a top view of a root-limiting, nutrient solution-limiting cultivation and microenvironment precise regulation system in an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a side cross-sectional view of a root-limiting, nutrient solution-limiting cultivation and microenvironment precise regulation system in an embodiment.

In the figure: 1-upper fixing frame, 2-cultivation supporting frame, 3-root limiting cultivation groove, 4-drip arrow, 5-drip irrigation pipe, 6-ventilation pipe, 7-liquid return pipe, 8-upper and lower movable fixing frame, 9-liquid return groove and 10-cultivation fixing matrix.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical solution of the present invention more comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.

Fig. 1 and 2 are schematic structural diagrams of a root-limiting and nutrient solution-limiting cultivation and microenvironment precise regulation system. The system mainly comprises an upper fixing frame 1, a cultivation support frame 2, a root limiting cultivation groove 3, a black net, an upper and lower movable fixing frame 8, a ventilation pipeline 6, a drip irrigation pipe 5, a drip arrow 4 and a liquid return pipe 7. The upper fixing frame 1 is arranged above at least one end of the cultivation support frame 2, is vertically arranged relative to the cultivation support frame 2, is used for fixing the height of the cultivation support frame 2, and adjusts the distance between the cultivation support frame and the light source by moving up and down. The cultivation support frame 2 is three rows, each row is fixedly supported with a row of a plurality of root-limiting cultivation grooves 3, the bottom is provided with a liquid return groove 9, and a layer of black net covering the liquid return groove 9 is laid on the cultivation support frame 2. The root-limiting cultivation groove 3 is internally provided with a cultivation fixed substrate 10 for plant cultivation, the cultivation fixed substrate 10 contains cultivation support materials, and the cultivation support materials are rock wool, sponge or coconut coir and other materials with large porosity and good water absorption and water retention. The bottom of the root-limiting cultivation groove 3 is provided with a liquid return notch communicated with the liquid return groove 9 for returning the nutrient solution. The upper part of the root-limiting cultivation groove 3 is covered with a layer of non-transparent film or thin plate for avoiding light and preventing the breeding of bacteria and algae. A drip irrigation pipe 5 is fixed on one side of the cultivation support frame 2 through a clamping groove, the irrigation amount of the nutrient solution of the drip irrigation pipe 5 is controlled by a valve, and the other side of the drip irrigation pipe is movably connected with an upper movable fixing frame 8 and a lower movable fixing frame 8. The height of the drip irrigation pipe 5 is higher than that of the root limiting cultivation groove 3, the drip irrigation pipe is connected with a plurality of drip arrows 4, and the drip arrows 4 are inserted into the cultivation fixing matrix 10 and used for irrigating nutrient solution. The upper end of the up-down movable fixing frame 8 is fixed with a ventilation pipeline 6, the ventilation pipeline 6 controls the wind speed by a fan, and the height of the ventilation pipeline 6 is adjusted by the up-down movement of the ventilation pipeline 6 relative to the cultivation support frame 2. The ventilation pipeline 6 is provided with a plurality of ventilation holes which face the positions of the root limiting cultivation grooves 3. The liquid return pipe 7 is arranged below one end of the cultivation support frame 2, is vertically arranged relative to the cultivation support frame 2, is communicated with the liquid return groove 9 and is used for returning nutrient solution for further disinfection treatment and recycling.

In addition, a method for limiting roots, limiting liquid nutrient solution cultivation and accurately regulating and controlling a microenvironment is provided, which comprises the following steps:

the longitudinal and transverse positions of the movable cultivation support frame are arranged through the upper fixing frame, and the inclination degree is adjusted;

adjusting the cultivation density by adjusting the position of the root limiting cultivation groove;

covering a layer of opaque film or thin plate above the root limiting cultivation groove to prevent light and bacteria and algae from breeding;

the use amount of nutrient solution and the waste liquid amount are reduced by taking the cultivation support material as a cultivation fixed matrix of the root-limiting cultivation tank;

the height of the ventilation pipeline is adjusted by adjusting the vertically movable fixing frame, so that air is uniformly sprayed to different parts of each plant, and the air humidity, the air speed and the content of CO2 are adjusted by controlling the ventilation quantity;

adjusting the irrigation flow of the nutrient solution through an electromagnetic valve, and recovering the nutrient solution through a reflux groove and a liquid return pipe;

by laying the black net on the cultivation support frame, the returned nutrient solution is allowed to permeate, and meanwhile, the light permeation is reduced.

A specific application example is listed below:

in a plant factory with the square of 20, two multilayer three-dimensional cultivation frames are placed, each cultivation frame comprises an upper layer and a lower layer, each cultivation frame comprises 3 layers, 7 rows of cultivation support frames can be placed on each layer, and 112 root limiting cultivation grooves are placed on each cultivation support frame. Each cultivation support frame is 9m in length, 10cm in height, 10cm in upper total width and 6 cm in lower total width. The height of the liquid return tank is 2cm, and the width of the liquid return tank is 2 cm. Root-limiting cultivationThe height of the groove is 8cm, the upper total width is 8cm, and the lower total width is 6 cm. The cultivation object is lettuce with the initial cultivation density of 124 grains/m²The spacing between the cultivation support frame and the root limiting cultivation groove is adjustable, the cultivation density of the lettuce can be gradually reduced along with the growth time, the growth space of the lettuce is ensured, and the cultivation density is about 32 grains/m in 21-day collection²。

The drip irrigation pipe is a PE pipe with the diameter of 25mm, is placed in a clamping groove of the cultivation support frame, the working pressure is 0.1MP, the flow is 2L/h, the drip key is divided into four, and the working frequency is set according to the light dark period and the growth stage of the plant. The ventilation pipeline is arranged on the upper and lower movable fixing frames, the upper and lower movable fixing frames can move up and down manually, and the moving range is 0-30 cm. The length of the ventilation pipeline is 9 meters, the diameter is 5cm, and the ventilation quantity is 3.5 x 10^-2m³And/s, the size range of the vent holes is 10-20 mm, the distance range is 40-100 mm, and the wind speed of the lettuce canopy during cultivation is kept at 0.3-0.7 m/s.

The embodiment can improve the space utilization rate by one time, reduce the using amount of the nutrient solution by more than 80 percent compared with the cultivation by a late-night flowing nutrient solution, improve the yield of the lettuce by more than 20 percent compared with a conventional cultivation method (late-night flowing + one cultivation space), and reduce the physiological diseases (such as leaf burn) of the lettuce by more than 30 percent.

The above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it, and a person skilled in the art can modify the technical solution of the present invention or substitute it with an equivalent, and the protection scope of the present invention is subject to the claims.