阅读说明：本技术 一种植物源杀螺剂及其制备方法和应用 (Botanical molluscicide and preparation method and application thereof ) 是由 刘光富 胡建华 于 2021-01-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种植物源杀螺剂及其制备方法和应用,属于防治有害软体动物药剂技术领域。本发明公开的一种植物源杀螺剂,由以下原料制成：牵牛花叶水提液40-45％,加拿大一枝黄花叶水提液45-50％,活性成分稳定剂0.1-0.2％,防腐剂0.1-0.2％,余量为超纯水。本发明所用原料资源丰富,成本低廉,诱杀效果好,药效持续稳定,对淡水鱼类无毒性作用,符合环保要求。(The invention discloses a botanical molluscicide, a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of medicaments for preventing and treating harmful mollusks. The invention discloses a botanical molluscicide, which is prepared from the following raw materials: 40-45% of morning glory leaf water extract, 45-50% of Canadian goldenrod leaf water extract, 0.1-0.2% of active ingredient stabilizer, 0.1-0.2% of preservative and the balance of ultrapure water. The invention has the advantages of rich raw material resources, low cost, good trapping and killing effect, continuous and stable drug effect, no toxic effect on freshwater fishes, and accordance with the requirement of environmental protection.)

1. A botanical molluscicide is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 40-45% of morning glory leaf water extract, 45-50% of Canadian goldenrod leaf water extract, 0.1-0.2% of active ingredient stabilizer, 0.1-0.2% of preservative and the balance of ultrapure water.

2. The botanical molluscicide of claim 1, wherein the active ingredient stabilizer is tween 80; the preservative is sorbic acid or sodium benzoate.

3. The preparation method of the botanical molluscicide as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:

(1) respectively collecting fresh morning glory leaves and Canadian goldenrod leaves, cleaning the fresh morning glory leaves and Canadian goldenrod leaves after the collection is finished, and draining the surface water;

(2) respectively cutting the morning glory leaves and solidago canadensis leaves collected in the step (1) into small sections of 0.5-1cm to obtain the small sections of the morning glory leaves and solidago canadensis leaves;

(3) respectively putting the petunia leaves and the small sections of the solidago canadensis leaves obtained in the step (2) into a pulverizer of 200-300 meshes to pulverize to obtain pulverized products of the petunia leaves and the solidago canadensis leaves;

(4) respectively weighing the crushed morning glory leaves and Canada solidago leaves obtained in the step (3), adding ultrapure water with 4-5 times of volume respectively, placing the mixture into a refrigerator at 4 ℃, standing the mixture overnight, grinding the mixture, and filtering the grinding liquid by using sterile gauze to obtain morning glory leaf water extract and Canada solidago leaf water extract;

(5) the dosage of the botanical molluscicide is obtained by mixing the aqueous extract of the morning glory leaves and the aqueous extract of the solidago canadensis according to the dosage of the claim 1, adding ultrapure water for dilution, adding the stabilizer and the preservative of the active ingredients, uniformly mixing, standing overnight, and filtering.

4. Use of a botanical molluscicide according to claim 1 or 2 as a botanical molluscicide for ampullaria gigas.

5. The application of the botanical molluscicide as the botanical molluscicide for ampullaria gigas according to claim 4, wherein the botanical molluscicide is prepared into a mixed preparation with the concentration of 5-40g/L for application at the temperature of 26-30 ℃.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of medicaments for preventing and treating harmful mollusks, in particular to a botanical molluscicide, a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

Pomacea canaliculata (Pomacea) also called big bottle snail and apple snail is an international malignant pest. The snail is originally produced in amazon river basin in south America, is introduced into Asia in the early 80 th century, and is abandoned due to poor management and bad taste; the ampullaria gigas quickly spread into the field, and part of the area is flooded to cause disasters, thereby causing serious harm to aquatic crops such as rice, wild rice shoots and the like. The ampullaria gigas has extremely strong fertility and high diffusion and spread speed, and is a serious agricultural pest in most provinces of the south of the Yangtze river at present. Nowadays, the ampullaria gigas are widely distributed in most provinces of China with north latitude of 30 degrees or less, including Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Chongqing, Sichuan, Anhui province and the like, and have huge population density, thereby causing serious influence on agricultural production.

At present, various ways of preventing and treating ampullaria gigas exist, physical prevention and treatment ways such as manual snail picking, manual egg removal, duck and turtle co-culture and the like are limited by factors such as stability of effect, selection of implementation time, cost and the like, and the prevention and treatment way is not suitable for large-scale use. Chemical prevention and cure, various chemical agents are used to kill ampullaria gigas. At present, the prevention and treatment of ampullaria gigas are mainly based on chemical pesticides. Chemical control causes pollution to the environment to a certain extent, has higher toxicity to other aquatic organisms, and the ampullaria gigas in some areas generate resistance to chemical pesticides, so that the control difficulty and the cost are increased. Part of chemical pesticides can be accumulated in human bodies through circulation to generate accumulated toxicity, and great harm is brought to human health. Therefore, a novel molluscicide which is safe to higher animals, fishes and human beings, efficient to ampullaria gigas and harmonious and friendly to the environment is urgently needed to be researched and developed.

The natural medicine of plant source has incomparable advantages of chemical medicine: rich source, low cost, easy degradation in natural environment and little pollution to environment. A plurality of scholars at home and abroad carry out extensive research on plant source pesticides, and research results show that the development of applying certain plant extracts in nature to biological pesticides is very potential; however, in the above studies, many plant extracts are extracted with organic solvents such as ethanol and methanol, which are toxic and environmentally unfriendly. In addition, researchers match plant source extracts with chemical molluscicides to develop a series of molluscicides, for example, the invention with the application number of 2018115517377 discloses a composition of a pueraria peduncularis extract and niclosamide for preventing and treating ampullaria gigas and an application thereof, the invention with the application number of 2006100276017 discloses a compound molluscicide containing ginkgolic acid and a preparation method thereof, the invention with the application number of 2019111748748 discloses a formula of a tea saponin or a tea-oil cake and metaldehyde compound molluscicide, and the invention with the application number of 2018104527074 discloses a green molluscicide suitable for ampullaria gigas. The formula of the molluscicide reduces the dosage of a chemical molluscicide and has good molluscicidal effect. However, the chemical molluscicides contained in the formulations disclosed in these inventions are toxic to the environment, or toxic to aquatic organisms, or have a slow onset of action.

Therefore, providing a green and environment-friendly botanical molluscicide, and a preparation method and application thereof are problems to be solved by those skilled in the art.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention provides a botanical molluscicide, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein water is used as a solvent to extract various plant effective components, and a plurality of single components are scientifically matched through precise experiments to achieve the best poisoning effect.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a botanical molluscicide is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 40-45% of morning glory leaf water extract, 45-50% of Canadian goldenrod leaf water extract, 0.1-0.2% of active ingredient stabilizer, 0.1-0.2% of preservative and the balance of ultrapure water.

The molluscicide provided by the invention is prepared from all components of water extracts of natural plant leaves, is green and environment-friendly, and is non-toxic to the environment, rich in sources and low in cost. Wherein Solidao canadensis (scientific name: Solidago canadensis L.) is a plant of Compositae of Campanulales, and the whole plant contains saponin, and can cause paralysis and dyskinesia due to poisoning caused by improper feeding of livestock; morning glory (Pharbitis nil (L.) Choisy) belonging to the genus Pharbitaceae and being of annual herbaceous entanglement.

Further, the active ingredient stabilizer is tween 80; the preservative is sorbic acid or sodium benzoate.

Further, a preparation method of the botanical molluscicide comprises the following specific steps:

(1) respectively collecting fresh morning glory leaves and Canadian goldenrod leaves, cleaning the fresh morning glory leaves and Canadian goldenrod leaves after the collection is finished, and draining the surface water;

(2) respectively cutting the morning glory leaves and solidago canadensis leaves collected in the step (1) into small sections of 0.5-1cm to obtain the small sections of the morning glory leaves and solidago canadensis leaves;

(3) respectively putting the petunia leaves and the small sections of the solidago canadensis leaves obtained in the step (2) into a pulverizer of 200-300 meshes to pulverize to obtain pulverized products of the petunia leaves and the solidago canadensis leaves;

(4) respectively weighing the crushed morning glory leaves and Canada solidago leaves obtained in the step (3), adding ultrapure water with 4-5 times of volume respectively, placing the mixture into a refrigerator at 4 ℃, standing the mixture overnight, grinding the mixture, and filtering the grinding liquid by using sterile gauze to obtain morning glory leaf water extract and Canada solidago leaf water extract;

(5) the dosage of the botanical molluscicide is obtained by mixing the aqueous extract of the morning glory leaves and the aqueous extract of the solidago canadensis according to the dosage of the claim 1, adding ultrapure water for dilution, adding the stabilizer and the preservative of the active ingredients, uniformly mixing, standing overnight, and filtering.

Further, the botanical molluscicide is applied as a botanical molluscicide for ampullaria gigas, and is prepared into a mixed preparation with the concentration of 5-40g/L at the temperature of 26-30 ℃, and is applied at the temperature of 26-30 ℃.

According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention discloses and provides the botanical molluscicide, the preparation method and the application thereof, the adopted materials are natural plants, the sources are rich, the cost is low, the molluscicide is easy to degrade in the natural environment, and the environmental pollution is small; green and environment-friendly, has no toxicity to the environment, and has no toxicity to people, livestock and other aquatic organisms. The plant source molluscacide of the invention has simple and convenient preparation method and is convenient for field operation. The botanical molluscicide has high efficiency and quick response. The invention opens up a new way for the resource utilization of plants.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

EXAMPLE 1 1000g of botanical molluscicide was formulated

A preparation method of a botanical molluscicide comprises the following specific steps:

(1) respectively collecting fresh morning glory leaves and Canadian goldenrod leaves, cleaning the fresh morning glory leaves and Canadian goldenrod leaves after the collection is finished, and draining the surface water;

(2) respectively cutting the morning glory leaves and solidago canadensis leaves collected in the step (1) into small sections of 0.5-1cm to obtain the small sections of the morning glory leaves and solidago canadensis leaves;

(3) respectively putting the petunia leaves and the small sections of the solidago canadensis leaves obtained in the step (2) into a pulverizer of 200-300 meshes to pulverize to obtain pulverized products of the petunia leaves and the solidago canadensis leaves;

(4) respectively weighing 50g of the crushed morning glory leaves and Canada solidago leaves obtained in the step (3), adding ultrapure water with the volume of 5 times of that of the crushed morning glory leaves, placing the crushed morning glory leaves and Canada solidago leaves into a refrigerator for standing for 12 hours at 4 ℃, grinding, and filtering the grinding liquid by using sterile gauze to obtain morning glory leaf water extract and Canada solidago leaf water extract;

(5) taking 400g of morning glory leaf water extract and 450g of solidago canadensis leaf water extract, adding 148g of ultrapure water for dilution, adding 1g of tween 80 and 1g of sorbic acid, uniformly mixing, standing overnight, filtering to obtain a botanical molluscicide, and placing the botanical molluscicide in a refrigerator for later use after a label is pasted.

Example 2 preparation of 1000g botanical molluscicide

A preparation method of a botanical molluscicide comprises the following specific steps:

(1) respectively collecting fresh morning glory leaves and Canadian goldenrod leaves, cleaning the fresh morning glory leaves and Canadian goldenrod leaves after the collection is finished, and draining the surface water;

(2) respectively cutting the morning glory leaves and solidago canadensis leaves collected in the step (1) into small sections of 0.5-1cm to obtain the small sections of the morning glory leaves and solidago canadensis leaves;

(3) respectively putting the petunia leaves and the small sections of the solidago canadensis leaves obtained in the step (2) into a pulverizer of 200-300 meshes to pulverize to obtain pulverized products of the petunia leaves and the solidago canadensis leaves;

(4) respectively weighing 50g of the crushed morning glory leaves and Canada solidago leaves obtained in the step (3), adding ultrapure water with the volume of 5 times of that of the crushed morning glory leaves, placing the crushed morning glory leaves and Canada solidago leaves into a refrigerator for standing for 12 hours at 4 ℃, grinding, and filtering the grinding liquid by using sterile gauze to obtain morning glory leaf water extract and Canada solidago leaf water extract;

(5) taking 450g of morning glory leaf water extract and 500g of solidago canadensis leaf water extract, adding 46g of ultrapure water for dilution, then adding 2g of tween 80 and 2g of sodium benzoate, uniformly mixing, standing overnight, filtering to obtain a botanical molluscicide, and placing in a refrigerator for later use after labeling.

EXAMPLE 3 1000g of botanical molluscicides were formulated

A preparation method of a botanical molluscicide comprises the following specific steps:

(1) respectively collecting fresh morning glory leaves and Canadian goldenrod leaves, cleaning the fresh morning glory leaves and Canadian goldenrod leaves after the collection is finished, and draining the surface water;

(2) respectively cutting the morning glory leaves and solidago canadensis leaves collected in the step (1) into small sections of 0.5-1cm to obtain the small sections of the morning glory leaves and solidago canadensis leaves;

(3) respectively putting the petunia leaves and the small sections of the solidago canadensis leaves obtained in the step (2) into a 200-300-mesh crusher for crushing to obtain crushed substances of the petunia leaves and the solidago canadensis leaves;

(4) respectively weighing 50g of the crushed morning glory leaves and Canada solidago leaves obtained in the step (3), adding ultrapure water with the volume of 5 times of that of the crushed morning glory leaves, placing the crushed morning glory leaves and Canada solidago leaves into a refrigerator for standing for 12 hours at 4 ℃, grinding, and filtering the grinding liquid by using sterile gauze to obtain morning glory leaf water extract and Canada solidago leaf water extract;

(5) taking 430g of morning glory leaf water extract and 470g of solidago canadensis leaf water extract, adding 97g of ultrapure water for dilution, then adding 1.5g of tween 80 and 1.5g of sodium benzoate, uniformly mixing, standing overnight, filtering to obtain the botanical molluscicide, and placing in a refrigerator for later use after labeling.

Experimental example molluscicidal experiment

Pomacea canaliculata for testing: the ampullaria gigas used in the experiment are all collected from a paddy field and nearby ditches, the collected ampullaria gigas are cleaned and then placed in a feeding jar of 40cm multiplied by 25cm multiplied by 28cm in a greenhouse for domestication, the ampullaria gigas selected in the experiment is high and close in weight, and healthy ampullaria gigas are taken as an experimental object and are not fed in the experiment process.

(1)2 analysis of molluscicidal effect of plant water extract

Reagent solution supply: aqueous extract of morning glory leaves and aqueous extract of solidago canadensis prepared in example 1. Diluting morning glory leaf water extract and Solidago canadensis leaf water extract with ultrapure water to 40g/L, 30g/L, 20g/L, 10g/L and 5g/L respectively, and performing molluscicidal experiment. Meanwhile, ultrapure water was used as a blank control, and niclosamide wettable powder was used as a positive control.

The test method comprises the following steps: 600ml of each component liquid medicine with the concentration of 40g/L, 30g/L, 20g/L, 10g/L and 5g/L is measured into a 1000ml beaker by using a measuring cylinder, and meanwhile, ultrapure water is used as a blank control, and niclosamide wettable powder is used as a positive control. 20 ampullaria gigas are placed in each beaker and are not fed, a nylon net covers the opening of each beaker, the death number of each ampullaria gigas is checked every 24 hours, the death rate of the ampullaria gigas treated at different corresponding time is calculated, the experiment is carried out for 144 hours, the temperature is 26 +/-1 ℃ during the experiment, and 3 times of treatment are repeated.

③ identifying the death and the survival of ampullaria gigas: after the ampullaria gigas is put into sample liquid with different concentrations, suspected dead snails in each treatment are taken out every 24 hours and are respectively put into dechlorinated water for observation, and the dead snails which float on the water surface within 24 hours or float in the water and can not move after no response to external stimulation are the dead snails.

Data processing and analysis: experimental data analysis was performed using excel and SPSS20.0 software. The results are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 12 analysis of molluscicidal effect of aqueous extracts of plants

As can be seen from Table 1, the 2 kinds of plant water extracts all have certain molluscicidal effects on ampullaria gigas, and the mortality rate of the ampullaria gigas is in an increasing trend along with the increase of the concentration of the plant water extracts and the prolonging of the treatment time. As can be seen from the above table, the molluscicidal effect of the 2 plant water extracts is not ideal in a short time, and although the mortality of all the ampullaria gigas tends to increase along with the prolonging of the treatment time, the molluscicidal effect is still weaker than the poisoning effect of the reference niclosamide wettable powder (P is less than 0.05). Within 48h, the killing rate of the two plant water extracts with the concentration of 40g/L to the ampullaria gigas exceeds 50 percent.

(2) Combined water extract molluscicidal effect analysis

The two plant water extracts are mixed according to the formula amount (the dosage formulas of the example 1, the example 2 and the example 3 are respectively adopted), and the molluscicidal effect of the combination of the two plant water extracts is detected, and the specific experimental method is the same as the above. The results are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 molluscacidal effect of the water extract combination of each plant

The results in table 2 show that the poisoning effect of the mixture of the two plant water extracts on ampullaria gigas is higher than that of the single plant water extract at the corresponding concentration (table 1), and the mortality rate of the ampullaria gigas is in an increasing trend along with the prolonging of the treatment time. Of the various combinations of concentrations, the combination at a concentration of 40g/L gave the best molluscicidal effect, with the half-lethality occurring within 24 hours and the mortality of Pomacea canaliculata reaching 100% within 72 hours.

(3) Toxicity test of freshwater fish

Reagent solution supply: the experiments prove that the botanical molluscicide prepared in the examples 1 to 3 has higher poisoning effect on ampullaria gigas and has the concentration of 40 g/L. Aqueous extract of morning glory leaves and aqueous extract of solidago canadensis prepared in example 1. Meanwhile, ultrapure water was used as a blank control.

The test method comprises the following steps: 600ml of the liquid medicine with the concentration of 40g/L is measured into a 1000ml beaker by a measuring cylinder, and meanwhile, ultrapure water is used as a blank control. 20 ampullaria gigas are placed in each beaker and are not fed, a nylon net covers the opening of each beaker, the death number of each ampullaria gigas is checked every 24 hours, the death rate of the ampullaria gigas treated at different corresponding time is calculated, the experiment is carried out for 144 hours, the temperature is 26 +/-1 ℃ during the experiment, and 3 times of treatment are repeated.

Meanwhile, 600ml of liquid medicine with the concentration of 40g/L is measured into a 1000ml beaker by a measuring cylinder, and ultrapure water is used as a blank control. 20 healthy red carps (7-8 cm in length) are placed in each beaker, the red carps are raised conventionally, the death number of each cup of red carps is checked every 24 hours, the experiment is observed for 72 hours, the temperature is 26 +/-1 ℃ during the experiment, and each treatment is set to be 3 times. The results are shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3 toxicity test on freshwater fish

The results in table 3 show that all ampullaria gigas die in 72 hours in the solution of the molluscicide, and all cultured red carps survive, which shows that the molluscicide is high in efficiency and low in toxicity.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.