阅读说明：本技术 一种动物尸体无害化处理液体肥的制备方法 (Preparation method of liquid fertilizer for harmless treatment of animal carcasses ) 是由 张成图 冉伟 吴英 严得青 张晓梅 陈永忠 孟茹 李国鹏 于 2020-12-17 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种动物尸体无害化处理液体肥的制备方法,属于绿色生产技术领域。本发明公开的一种动物尸体无害化处理液体肥的制备方法,根据不锈钢密封低压反应罐体积,将动物尸体、器官或组织直接放入反应罐中,加入KOH溶液和赤铁矿粉进行催化反应；反应停止和冷却后,经稀释制成液体肥。本发明方法适用于任何动物尸体无害化处理厂、养殖场、屠宰场、菜场和超市等的动物尸体处理,具有操作成本低、装备耐用、可安装于固定或移动设施、全封闭、无排放、处理时间短暂(2-5小时)、水解物可肥料化利用等优点。(The invention discloses a preparation method of a liquid fertilizer for harmless treatment of animal carcasses, and belongs to the technical field of green production. The invention discloses a preparation method of a liquid fertilizer for harmless treatment of animal carcasses, which comprises the steps of directly placing the animal carcasses, organs or tissues into a reaction tank according to the volume of a stainless steel sealed low-pressure reaction tank, and adding KOH solution and hematite powder for catalytic reaction; after the reaction is stopped and cooled, the liquid fertilizer is prepared by dilution. The method is suitable for the treatment of the animal carcasses in any animal carcass innocent treatment plant, farm, slaughter house, vegetable farm, supermarket and the like, and has the advantages of low operation cost, durable equipment, short treatment time (2-5 hours), fertilizer utilization of hydrolysate and the like, and can be arranged in fixed or mobile facilities and is totally closed without discharge.)

1. A preparation method of a liquid fertilizer for harmless treatment of animal carcasses is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:

(1) directly placing the complete animal carcass, organ or tissue into a stainless steel sealed low-pressure reaction tank;

(2) carrying out hydrolysis reaction on the animal carcasses, organs or tissues in the step (1), wherein the technological process parameters of the hydrolysis reaction are as follows: at 0.005m³～10m³The reaction is carried out in a sealed stainless steel sealed low-pressure reaction tank, the working temperature is 150-200 ℃, the vapor pressure is 0.3-0.6 MPa, 60-120L of KOH solution with the concentration of 0.5-2.5 mol/L and 0.05-0.2% of hematite powder are used as catalysts, and the reaction time is 2-5 h;

(3) and (4) diluting by 500-3000 times after hydrolysis to obtain the liquid fertilizer.

2. Use of the liquid fertilizer according to claim 1 for improving crop quality and increasing crop yield.

3. The use of the liquid fertilizer according to claim 2 for improving the quality and yield of crops, wherein the crops are Chinese cabbage.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of green production, in particular to a preparation method of a liquid fertilizer for harmless treatment of animal carcasses.

Background

Animal breeding, slaughtering and marketing processes generate a large amount of animal carcass (organs, tissues and the like) waste. Animal carcasses can be classified into non-diseased (e.g., physical injury, asphyxiation, dissection, etc.) carcasses, commonly pathogenic infectious (e.g., porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, swine fever, newcastle disease, bovine abortions, clostridial disease, capripox, anthrax, echinococcosis, etc.) carcasses, and prion infectious (e.g., mad cow disease, chronic wasting disease, yagi disease, etc.) carcasses. Improper disposal of these wastes not only pollutes the environment but also becomes a source for spreading animal epidemic diseases. Common methods for treating the dead bodies are oil refining cooking method, high-temperature cooking method, burning method, composting method, landfill (with lining), burying (groove type) method, methane digestion method, direct fertilizing method and the like. The oil refining cooking method, the high temperature cooking method and the burning method can treat the bodies infected with common pathogenic bacteria, but the composting method, the landfill (with lining) method, the burying (groove type) method, the methane digestion method, the direct fertilizing method and the like have the risk of the pathogenic bacteria spreading in the surrounding soil, water and air environment. None of these methods, except the incineration method, can completely destroy prion protein. Incineration not only has the problem that carcinogens such as dioxin pollute the air, but also has the risk of releasing prions into the atmosphere and surrounding land. The animal farms are numerous in China, most of the animal farms are located around population residential areas, the dead animal carcass treatment method is difficult to widely popularize in China, and an effective animal carcass treatment technology is urgently needed.

The hot alkali hydrolysis process is a thermochemical reaction process carried out in a sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution under certain temperature and pressure conditions. This process is widely used in the soap (saponification process) and paper (delignification process) industries. The hot alkali hydrolysis process can completely kill pathogenic bacteria and hydrolyze infected tissues, and form recyclable polypeptide, amino acid, saccharide, fatty acid and nutrient ions. Compared with the requirements of 4.2 chemical preparation method 4.2.1.1.3 in technical Specification for harmless treatment of animals died of illness for not less than 140 ℃ of the center temperature of the treated object, not less than 0.5MPa (absolute pressure), not less than 4h of the center temperature of the treated object, not less than 4.2.2.1.3, not less than 0.3MPa (absolute pressure), and not less than 30min of the treatment time, the temperature, the time and the pressure in the hot-alkali hydrolysis process meet the relevant requirements, and pathogenic bacteria can be effectively killed. However, the hot alkaline hydrolysis process has not been applied to the treatment of animal carcasses, organs and tissues and their reclamation.

Therefore, the problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field is to provide a preparation method of the liquid fertilizer for harmless treatment of animal carcasses.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention provides a preparation method of a liquid fertilizer for harmless treatment of animal carcasses, which solves the problem that no effective method is available for treating animal carcasses, organs or tissues in places such as farms, slaughterhouses, vegetable farms, supermarkets and the like.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

according to the volume of a stainless steel sealed low-pressure reaction tank, directly putting 0.002-10 tons of animal carcasses, organs or tissues into the reaction tank; adding 0.5-2.5 mol/L KOH solution and 0.05-0.2 percent of hematite powder to the designed volume (0.005 m) of a reaction tank according to the fat and water content of animal carcasses and the types of pathogenic bacteria³～10m³) The temperature in the tank is between 150 ℃ and 200 ℃ by adopting an external heating method, the steam pressure is 0.3-0.6 MPa, and the reaction residence time is 2-5 h. And after the reaction is stopped and the mixture is cooled, diluting the mixture by 500-3000 times to obtain the liquid fertilizer.

And (3) obtaining water-soluble hydrolysate and bone residues after hydrolysis, wherein the bone residues have a small proportion, drying and grinding the water-soluble hydrolysate and the bone residues, and mixing the bone residues and sulfur powder according to the weight ratio of 1: 1-2 to prepare the calcium-phosphorus-sulfur-containing solid fertilizer serving as an alkaline soil conditioner.

The stainless closed low-pressure reaction tank is a stainless steel sealed reaction tank with the working temperature of 150-200 ℃ and the pressure of 0.3-0.6 MPa. The complete animal carcass refers to an undisturbed animal carcass, organ or tissue from any farm, slaughterhouse, vegetable farm, supermarket and the like, and a crushing process of the animal carcass, organ or tissue is not required to be established. The hydrolysis is a hydrolysis process taking KOH solution and hematite powder as catalysts. The water-soluble hydrolysate is hydrolysate rich in amino acid, saccharide, fatty acid salt (surfactant), nutrient ions and the like, and the hydrolysate is diluted and directly used as a water-soluble organic fertilizer.

According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the method is suitable for treating the animal carcasses in any animal carcass innocent treatment plant, breeding farm, slaughterhouse, vegetable farm, supermarket and the like, and has the advantages of low operation cost, durable equipment, capability of being installed in fixed or mobile facilities, full sealing, no discharge, short treatment time (2-5 hours), fertile utilization of hydrolysate and the like.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

A preparation method of a liquid fertilizer for harmless treatment of animal carcasses is carried out in the center for preventing and controlling animal epidemic diseases in Xining City of Qinghai province. Adding 89kg of intact hog cholera pig carcass which is not divided, 90L of 1mol/L KOH solution and 0.1% of 200-mesh hematite powder into a 200L stainless steel fully-sealed reactor, wherein the steam pressure is 0.3-0.6 MPa, reacting for 3h at 150 ℃, finishing the hydrolysis process, cooling to room temperature, hydrolyzing the pig carcass to obtain hydrolysate, specifically 160L of water-soluble hydrolysate and 5.71kg of bone residues (wet weight), wherein the bone residues after hydrolysis only account for 6.42% of the weight of the animal carcass before hydrolysis. The physical and chemical indexes of the hydrolysate are detected by the test center of northwest agriculture and forestry science and technology university and are repeated for 3 times, and the results are shown in table 1. The detection result is originally referred to the substantive examination reference material.

TABLE 1 physicochemical indices of hydrolysates

Test examples

An influence of a liquid fertilizer for harmless treatment of animal carcasses on the properties and quality of the Chinese cabbage. The test was carried out at the vegetable technology service center of Xining City in Qinghai province.

The Chinese cabbage is one of important vegetable crops in the production of open-field vegetables in spring and summer and greenhouse vegetables in winter in alpine regions, and the fertilizer efficiency test is carried out for verifying the application effect of the liquid fertilizer harmlessly treated by animal carcasses on the Chinese cabbage, providing preconditions and scientific basis for accelerating the registration and production application of the fertilizer and large-area popularization and application in vegetable production in future.

(1) Test materials

The variety of the Chinese cabbage is as follows: caulis et folium Brassicae Capitatae (provided by vegetable technology service center in Xining). Fertilizer for test: commercial organic fertilizer (N, P, K is more than or equal to 45 percent), urea (N is more than or equal to 46 percent), diammonium phosphate (N is more than or equal to 18 percent, P₂O₅Not less than 46%), potassium sulfate (K)₂SO₄Not less than 50 percent) and the fertilizers are all provided by chemical fertilizer factories special for Qinghai. Liquid fertilizer for harmless treatment of animal carcasses was obtained by diluting the hydrolysate prepared in example 1.

(2) Test method

The test is carried out in a No. 3 sunlight greenhouse of vegetable technical service center of Xining city in 9 months of 2020, and the soil fertility is moderate. The base fertilizers in the test plot are all applied with 100 kg of commercial organic fertilizers per mu. The experiment was set with 2 treatments in total, treatment 1: 1000-time dilution of hydrolysate for harmless treatment of animal carcasses, namely liquid fertilizer (additional fertilizer)Dressing once every 7 days, 3 times, diluting the fertilizer and dressing with water each time watering); and (3) treatment 2: applying a fertilizer; namely, the local fertilizer amount used is urea for topdressing (0.5kg/20 m)²) + diammonium phosphate (1kg/20 m)²) + potassium sulfate (0.5kg/20 m)²). 3 times of repetition, random block arrangement, cell area 20m². And (5) measuring the main characters and the cell yield in the harvesting period of the cabbages, and analyzing the quality of the cabbages.

A. The influence of different treatments on the agronomic characters of the cabbages is shown in the table 2.

TABLE 2 Effect of different treatments on the major agronomic traits of Brassica campestris

As can be seen from Table 2, the results of the different treatments on the height, the spreading degree, the leaf length, the leaf width, the stem length and the leaf number of the Chinese cabbage are different, and the treatment 1 has better agronomic characters than the treatment 2.

B. The effect of different treatments on cabbage yield is shown in table 3.

TABLE 3 Effect of different treatments on cabbage yield

As can be seen from Table 3, the results of different treatments on the weight of each Chinese cabbage, the yield of each cell and the reduced yield per mu are different, and the reduced average yield per mu of the treatment 1 reaches 3754.87kg/667m²Significantly higher than 3472.30kg/667m for treatment 2²。

C. The effect of different treatments on the quality of the cabbages is shown in table 4.

TABLE 4 influence of carcass harmless treatment liquid fertilizer on the quality of Brassica campestris

As can be seen from Table 4, the use of the liquid fertilizer for the harmless treatment of the animal carcasses has different degrees of influence on the quality of the Chinese cabbage, and the content of soluble protein (4.40mg/g) in the rape products can be increased after the liquid fertilizer is subjected to the harmless treatment of the animal carcasses, which is 1.52mg/g higher than that in the treatment 2; the total sugar content in the rape product is 0.1g/100g higher than that of the rape product treated by 2; the VC content of the Chinese cabbage is 4.8mg/100g higher than that of the Chinese cabbage processed by 2; the content of crude fiber in the liquid fertilizer treated by animal residues in a harmless way is the same as that in the product treated by the method 2, which shows that the content of the crude fiber in the Chinese cabbage product is not influenced by using the fertilizer.

Example 2

A preparation method of a liquid fertilizer for harmless treatment of animal carcasses is carried out in the center for preventing and controlling animal epidemic diseases in Xining City of Qinghai province. Adding 95kg of intact hog cholera pig carcass which is not divided, 60L of 2.5mol/L KOH solution and 0.2% of 200-mesh hematite powder into a 200L stainless steel fully-sealed reactor, reacting at 200 ℃ for 2h under the steam pressure of 0.3-0.6 MPa, finishing the hydrolysis process, cooling to room temperature, hydrolyzing the pig carcass to obtain hydrolysate, and diluting 3000 times to obtain the liquid fertilizer.

Example 3

A preparation method of a liquid fertilizer for harmless treatment of animal carcasses is carried out in the center for preventing and controlling animal epidemic diseases in Xining City of Qinghai province. Adding 83kg of intact hog cholera pig carcass which is not divided, 120L of 0.5mol/L KOH solution and 0.05% of 200-mesh hematite powder into a 200L stainless steel fully-sealed reactor, reacting at 180 ℃ for 5 hours under the steam pressure of 0.3-0.6 MPa, finishing the hydrolysis process, cooling to room temperature, hydrolyzing the pig carcass to obtain hydrolysate, and diluting by 500 times to obtain the liquid fertilizer.

Tests on the liquid fertilizers prepared in the examples 2-3 show that the liquid fertilizers can improve the yield and the quality of the Chinese cabbage, and the effect is not much different from that of the liquid fertilizer prepared in the example 1, and the detailed description is omitted.

The test results show that the liquid fertilizer for harmless treatment of animal carcasses has obvious yield increase effect on the cabbages, is suitable for application in the planting of the cabbages, can be popularized and applied in a large area in the planting of leaf vegetables, and needs to be further tested and researched on the effects of other crops and fruits. The test result also shows that the quality of the Chinese cabbage product can be improved by using the liquid fertilizer for harmless treatment of animal carcasses, the content of soluble protein, total sugar and VC in the product is improved, and the content of crude fiber in the product is not influenced. From the analysis of test results, the effect of applying the liquid fertilizer for harmless treatment of animal carcasses on top dressing during the growth period is better than that of applying chemical fertilizers used as top dressing in local fertilization habits under the same conditions of the applied base fertilizers, probably because the content of organic matters in the fertilizer is high, probably because the content of amino acids in the fertilizer is high, and probably because the soil quality and soil environment of a test plot are improved by using the fertilizer, the influence of the liquid fertilizer for harmless treatment of animal carcasses on the soil quality, the soil environment and different crops needs to be further tested and researched.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.