阅读说明：本技术 一种3dB电桥 (3dB electric bridge ) 是由 漆一宏 迟礼东 于伟 张辉彬 于 2021-02-05 设计创作，主要内容包括：本公开提供了一种3dB电桥,包括：上下平行设置的第一信号线和第二信号线；第一信号线的第一端连接输入输出总端口,第二端连接直通端口；第二信号线的第一端连接隔离端口,第二端连接耦合端口；第一信号线和第二信号线形成具有狭窄开口的环形,其中,第一信号线的第一端和第二端形成第一开口,第二信号线的第一端和第二端形成第二开口,第一开口在所述第二信号线所在平面的正投影与所述第二开口不重叠。本公开的电桥结构紧凑,在宽带内具有稳定的90度相移。(The present disclosure provides a 3dB electrical bridge comprising: the first signal line and the second signal line are arranged in parallel up and down; the first end of the first signal line is connected with the input/output main port, and the second end of the first signal line is connected with the through port; the first end of the second signal wire is connected with the isolation port, and the second end of the second signal wire is connected with the coupling port; the first signal line and the second signal line form a ring shape with a narrow opening, wherein a first end and a second end of the first signal line form a first opening, a first end and a second end of the second signal line form a second opening, and an orthographic projection of the first opening on a plane where the second signal line is located is not overlapped with the second opening. The bridge of the present disclosure is compact and has a stable 90 degree phase shift over a wide band.)

1. A 3dB bridge, comprising:

the first signal line and the second signal line are arranged in parallel up and down;

the first end of the first signal line is connected with an input/output bus port, and the second end of the first signal line is connected with a through port;

the first end of the second signal wire is connected with the isolation port, and the second end of the second signal wire is connected with the coupling port;

the first signal line and the second signal line form a ring shape with a narrow opening, wherein a first end and a second end of the first signal line form a first opening, a first end and a second end of the second signal line form a second opening, and an orthographic projection of the first opening on a plane where the second signal line is located is not overlapped with the second opening.

2. The bridge according to claim 1, wherein an orthogonal projection of the first opening on a plane in which the second signal line is located is 2mm-5cm away from the second opening.

3. The bridge according to claim 1, wherein an orthographic projection of an area enclosed by the first signal line on a plane in which the second signal line is located at least partially overlaps with an area enclosed by the second signal line.

4. The bridge according to claim 1, wherein the first signal line and the second signal line have varying line widths.

5. The electrical bridge of claim 1, wherein the input-output bus port is located inside the loop formed by the first signal lines.

6. The bridge of claim 1, wherein the bridge is disposed on a PCB board, the PCB board including at least four metal layers, the first signal line and the second signal line being disposed on two intermediate layers, the remaining layers being shielding layers.

7. The bridge according to claim 1, further comprising a shield portion provided on a periphery of the first signal line and the second signal line.

8. The bridge according to any of claims 1-7, wherein the ring is square.

9. The electrical bridge of any of claims 1-7, wherein the first signal line and the second signal line further comprise stubs.

10. The electrical bridge of claim 9, wherein the leg is electrically connected to the shield.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to a 3dB electric bridge.

Background

The directional coupler can realize directional coupling to signals in a transmission line, and has wide application in the fields of microwave technology, radar feeder systems and the like. The 3dB bridge is a directional coupler with the coupling degree of 3dB, the signal amplitude of a coupling port of the directional coupler is equal to that of a through port, and the phase difference is 90 degrees. The 3dB bridge has the functions of power distribution and power synthesis, can distribute one path of radio frequency signals into two paths of signals with equal amplitude and 90-degree phase difference, and can also combine the two paths of radio frequency signals with equal amplitude and 90-degree phase difference into one path of signals.

With the trend of high integration and high compatibility of communication systems and measurement systems, the 3dB bridge also has a demand for a miniaturized and wide-band design suitable for the 3dB bridge. In order to realize the expansion of bandwidth, technologies such as multiple quarter-wavelength parallel coupled lines are adopted in the related art. However, since the coupling line size is large due to the long wavelength of the low frequency, miniaturization and broadband are two contradictory criteria to some extent.

Disclosure of Invention

The present disclosure describes a 3dB bridge.

According to a first aspect of embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a 3dB bridge comprising: the first signal line and the second signal line are arranged in parallel up and down; the first end of the first signal line is connected with the input/output main port, and the second end of the first signal line is connected with the through port; the first end of the second signal wire is connected with the isolation port, and the second end of the second signal wire is connected with the coupling port; the first signal line and the second signal line form a ring shape with a narrow opening, wherein a first end and a second end of the first signal line form a first opening, a first end and a second end of the second signal line form a second opening, and an orthographic projection of the first opening on a plane where the second signal line is located is not overlapped with the second opening.

According to one embodiment of the bridge, the first opening is spaced 2mm-5cm from the second opening in an orthographic projection of the plane in which the second signal line lies.

According to an embodiment of the bridge, an orthographic projection of the area enclosed by the first signal line on the plane of the second signal line at least partially overlaps the area enclosed by the second signal line.

According to one embodiment of the bridge, the first signal line and the second signal line have varying line widths.

According to one embodiment of the bridge, the input-output bus port is located inside the loop formed by the first signal lines.

According to one embodiment of the bridge, the bridge is provided on a PCB board, the PCB board comprising at least four metal layers, the first signal line and the second signal line being provided in the middle two layers, the remaining layers being shielding layers.

According to one embodiment of the bridge, further comprising a shield portion provided at a periphery of the first signal line and the second signal line.

According to one embodiment of the bridge, the ring is square.

According to an embodiment of the bridge, the first signal line and the second signal line further comprise stubs.

According to one embodiment of the bridge, the stub is electrically connected to the shield.

The 3dB bridge of the present disclosure sets two signal lines in a ring shape and in parallel up and down, thereby realizing a miniaturized structure, and at the same time, the spatial positions of the two signal lines are set to have a cross cascade characteristic, thereby having a stable 90-degree phase shift in a broadband. The 3dB bridge is suitable for a broadband wireless communication antenna or a test antenna, for example, the 3dB bridge provides stable amplitude and phase in a broadband band for a circularly polarized antenna.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a 3dB bridge shown in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a 3dB bridge shown in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a 3dB bridge shown in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a 3dB bridge shown in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a 3dB bridge shown in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a 3dB bridge shown in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present disclosure are described below with reference to the drawings. It should be understood that the drawings are not necessarily to scale. The described embodiments are exemplary and not intended to limit the present disclosure, which features may be combined with or substituted for those of the embodiments in the same or similar manner. As used in this disclosure and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

The directional coupler can realize directional coupling to signals in a transmission line, and has wide application in the fields of microwave technology, radar feeder systems and the like. The 3dB bridge is a directional coupler with the coupling degree of 3dB, the signal amplitude of a coupling port of the directional coupler is equal to that of a through port, and the phase difference is 90 degrees. The 3dB bridge has the functions of power distribution and power synthesis, can distribute one path of radio frequency signals into two paths of signals with equal amplitude and 90-degree phase difference, and can also combine the two paths of radio frequency signals with equal amplitude and 90-degree phase difference into one path of signals.

With the trend of high integration and high compatibility of communication systems and measurement systems, the 3dB bridge also has a demand for a miniaturized and wide-band design suitable for the 3dB bridge. In order to realize the expansion of bandwidth, technologies such as multiple quarter-wavelength parallel coupled lines are adopted in the related art. However, since the coupling line size is large due to the long wavelength of the low frequency, miniaturization and broadband are two contradictory criteria to some extent.

In view of this, an embodiment of an aspect of the present disclosure provides a 3dB bridge, and referring to fig. 1, the 3dB bridge includes: a first signal line 100 and a second signal line 200 arranged in parallel up and down. The first end 101 of the first signal line 100 is connected to the input/output bus port 1011, and the second end 102 is connected to the through port 1021; the first end 201 of the second signal line 200 is connected with the isolated port 2011, and the second end 202 is connected with the coupled port 2021; the first signal line 100 and the second signal line 200 are respectively formed into a ring shape having narrow openings, wherein the first end 101 and the second end 102 of the first signal line 100 form a first opening a, the first end 201 and the second end 202 of the second signal line 200 form a second opening B, and an orthographic projection of the first opening a on a plane where the second signal line 200 is located does not overlap with the second opening B. The size of the first opening a and the second opening B may be determined according to the overall size of the bridge and the operating frequency band, and as an example, the size is 0.2mm to 5 cm. While the description is made herein for each port of the signal line, it is understood that the input-output bus port can be used for input or output of signals, for example, when the antenna connected in a bridge is used for signal transmission, the input-output bus port is used for input of signals, and when the antenna connected in a bridge is used for signal reception, the input-output bus port is used for output of signals. When the input-output main port is used for inputting signals, the through port and the coupling port are used for outputting two paths of signals; when the through port and the coupling port are used for inputting two paths of signals, the input-output main port is used for outputting the synthesized signals, and the isolation port is used for outputting the difference of the two paths of input signals. It should be noted that the ring formed by the signal lines of the bridge in this example is a square, and in some other embodiments, the ring formed by the signal lines may also be other shapes, such as a circle, a polygon, and the like.

The spatial positional relationship of the first opening a and the second opening B is explained here. Referring to fig. 2 and fig. 3, in which fig. 2 is a schematic orthographic projection view of a first signal line 100 on a plane where a second signal line 200 is located according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in which a solid line shows the first signal line 100, and a dashed line shows the second signal line 200; fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a plane in which the first signal line 100 and the second signal line 200 are located according to an embodiment of the disclosure. As can be seen from fig. 2-3, the orthographic projection of the first opening a on the plane of the second signal line 200 does not overlap with the second opening B, i.e. there is a distance between the orthographic projection of the first opening a on the plane of the second signal line 200 and the second opening B. This achieves the cross-cascade characteristic between the first signal line 100 and the second signal line 200, and thus the 90-degree phase shift of the bridge in a wide band. Referring to fig. 2, in some embodiments, the distance L between the orthographic projection of the first opening a on the plane of the second signal line 200 and the second opening B is 2mm-5 cm.

Optionally, referring to fig. 2, in some embodiments, the spatial coupling relationship of the two signal lines is: the orthographic projection of the area surrounded by the first signal line 100 on the plane where the second signal line 200 is located at least partially overlaps with the area surrounded by the second signal line 200. The region surrounded by the signal lines herein means an annular inner region formed by the signal lines, and is shown by hatching in fig. 2, i.e., a region where the signal lines partially overlap.

Alternatively, referring to fig. 1-3, in some embodiments, the first signal line 100 and the second signal line 200 have varying line widths to achieve multi-step variation of impedance to have stable performance within a wide band.

Further, in some embodiments, the first signal line and the second signal line further comprise a stub. The stubs are used to introduce a resistive reactance variable in the loop, enabling good performance over a wide band or at a particular frequency.

Optionally, referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a plane where the first signal line 100 and the second signal line 200 are located according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and as shown in fig. 4, in some embodiments, the periphery of the first signal line 100 and the second signal line 200 further includes a shielding portion 300. Specifically, in some embodiments, such as when the electrical bridges are provided on a PCB board, the shielding portion 300 may be implemented by using a metalized via or a metalized groove. In some embodiments, the signal line has a stub structure, optionally, the stub structure may be electrically connected with the shield.

Alternatively, referring to fig. 1, in some embodiments, the input and output bus port 1011 is located inside the loop formed by the first signal line 100. This arrangement is suitable for vertical assembly of the bridge.

Referring to fig. 5-6, wherein fig. 5 is a top isometric view of a 3dB bridge shown according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, and fig. 6 is a bottom isometric view of a 3dB bridge shown according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 5-6, in some embodiments, the bridge is disposed on a PCB that includes at least four metal layers (four layers in this example), the first signal line 100 and the second signal line 200 are disposed in two intermediate layers, and the remaining layers (two upper and lower layers in this example) are the shielding layer 400. By way of example, the input and output main port 1011 is connected with the SMA connector through the center of the bottom of the bridge, the isolation port 2011 is connected with the loss resistor through the bottom of the bridge, and the through port 1021 and the coupling port 2021 are arranged at the top of the bridge, so that the structure is suitable for vertical assembly and can meet application scenarios of some compact designs.

The 3dB bridge of the present disclosure sets two signal lines in a ring shape and in parallel up and down, thereby realizing a compact and miniaturized structure, and at the same time, the spatial positions of the two signal lines are set to have a cross cascade characteristic, thereby having a stable 90-degree phase shift in a broadband. The 3dB bridge is suitable for a broadband wireless communication antenna or a test antenna, for example, the 3dB bridge provides stable amplitude and phase in a broadband band for a circularly polarized antenna.

It should be noted that the drawings in the present disclosure are simplified schematic drawings, and are only used for schematically illustrating the positional relationship and the connection relationship between the parts in the embodiments.

In the description above, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In the present disclosure, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present disclosure, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless explicitly specifically limited otherwise.

Although embodiments of the present disclosure have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present disclosure, and that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations may be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present disclosure.