阅读说明：本技术 一种用于飞灰熔融的大功率长寿命双阴极离子体炬装置 (High-power long-life double-cathode plasma torch device for fly ash fusion ) 是由 高岭 陈小林 王磊 陈威仰 刘炎 王卫民 吴忠勇 于 2021-02-07 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开的一种用于飞灰熔融的大功率长寿命双阴极离子体炬装置,包括有棒状阴极回路组件、保护气通入组件、杯状阴极回路组件、工作气通入组件及阳极回路组件；其中,棒状阴极回路组件嵌装于保护气通入组件内部,保护气通入组件嵌装于杯状阴极回路组件内部,杯状阴极回路组件套嵌装于工作气通入组件内部,工作气通入组件嵌装于阳极回路组件内部。本发明一种用于飞灰熔融的大功率长寿命双阴极离子体炬装置,能够增加等离子体炬的使用寿命。(The invention discloses a high-power long-life twin-cathode plasma torch device for fly ash fusion, which comprises a rod-shaped cathode loop component, a protective gas introducing component, a cup-shaped cathode loop component, a working gas introducing component and an anode loop component, wherein the rod-shaped cathode loop component is connected with the protective gas introducing component; the rod-shaped cathode loop assembly is embedded in the shielding gas inlet assembly, the shielding gas inlet assembly is embedded in the cup-shaped cathode loop assembly, the cup-shaped cathode loop assembly is embedded in the working gas inlet assembly in a sleeved mode, and the working gas inlet assembly is embedded in the anode loop assembly. The high-power long-life twin-cathode plasma torch device for melting fly ash can prolong the service life of a plasma torch.)

1. A high-power long-life twin-cathode plasma torch device for melting fly ash is characterized by comprising a rod-shaped cathode loop component, a protective gas introducing component, a cup-shaped cathode loop component, a working gas introducing component and an anode loop component; the rod-shaped cathode loop assembly is embedded in the shielding gas inlet assembly, the shielding gas inlet assembly is embedded in the cup-shaped cathode loop assembly, the cup-shaped cathode loop assembly is embedded in the working gas inlet assembly in a sleeved mode, and the working gas inlet assembly is embedded in the anode loop assembly.

2. A high power long life twin cathode torch apparatus for fly ash fusion as claimed in claim 1 wherein the anode loop assembly comprises anode cooling water inlet channel (7), anode cooling water return channel (8), anode (14) and anode plus electromagnetic coil (15); wherein the anode cooling water return channel (8) is coaxially sleeved outside the anode cooling water inlet channel (7), an opening at one end of the anode cooling water inlet channel (7) is communicated with the end part of the anode cooling water return channel (8) to form an anode cooling water flow loop, and the anode (14) is arranged at one end part of the inner side of the anode cooling water inlet channel (7); the inside of the anode (14) is an equal-diameter channel, and the outer wall of the anode (14) is sleeved with an anode additional electromagnetic coil (15); the working gas inlet assembly is coaxially embedded inside the anode cooling water inlet channel (7).

3. A high power long life twin cathode torch apparatus for fly ash fusion as claimed in claim 2 wherein the working gas inlet assembly comprises a working gas channel (6) and a working gas cyclone (13); wherein, the working gas channel (6) is coaxially embedded inside the anode cooling water inlet channel (7), the end part of the working gas channel (6) is connected with a working gas swirler (13), and the working gas swirler (13) is arranged close to the anode (14); the cup-shaped cathode circuit component is coaxially embedded inside the working gas channel (6).

4. A high power long life twin cathode torch apparatus for fly ash fusion as claimed in claim 3 wherein said cup cathode loop assembly comprises cup cathode cooling water inlet channel (4), cup cathode cooling water return channel (5), cup cathode plus electromagnetic coil (11) and cup cathode (12); the cup-shaped cathode cooling water return channel (5) is coaxially embedded inside the working gas channel (6), the cup-shaped cathode cooling water inlet channel (4) is coaxially embedded inside the cup-shaped cathode cooling water return channel (5), an opening at one end of the cup-shaped cathode cooling water inlet channel (4) is communicated with the end part of the cup-shaped cathode cooling water return channel (5) to form a cup-shaped cathode cooling water flow loop, and the cup-shaped cathode (12) is arranged at one end part of the inner side of the cup-shaped cathode cooling water inlet channel (4); the cup-shaped cathode (12) is internally provided with an equal-diameter channel, the inner diameter of the inner channel of the cup-shaped cathode (12) is smaller than that of the inner channel of the anode (14), and the outer wall of the cup-shaped cathode (12) is sleeved with a cup-shaped cathode additional electromagnetic coil (11); the shielding gas component is coaxially embedded inside the cup-shaped cathode cooling water inlet channel (4).

5. The high power long life twin cathode torch apparatus for fly ash fusion of claim 4 wherein the shield gas assembly comprises a shield gas channel (1) and a shield gas cyclone (10); the protective gas channel (1) is coaxially embedded inside the cup-shaped cathode cooling water inlet channel (4), the end part of the protective gas channel (1) is connected with a protective gas swirler (10), and the protective gas swirler (10) is arranged close to the cup-shaped cathode (12); the rod-shaped cathode loop component is coaxially embedded inside the protective gas channel (1).

6. The high-power long-life twin cathode plasma torch apparatus for fly ash fusion as claimed in claim 5, wherein the rod-like cathode loop assembly comprises a rod-like cathode cooling water inlet channel (2), a rod-like cathode cooling water return channel (3) and a rod-like cathode (9); the rod-shaped cathode cooling water backwater channel (3) is coaxially embedded inside the protective gas channel (1), the rod-shaped cathode cooling water inlet channel (2) is coaxially embedded inside the rod-shaped cathode cooling water backwater channel (3), the rod-shaped cathode (9) is arranged at the end part of the rod-shaped cathode cooling water backwater channel (3), and the rod-shaped cathode cooling water inlet channel (2) is opened at one side close to the rod-shaped cathode (9) and connected with the end part of the rod-shaped cathode cooling water backwater channel (3) to form a rod-shaped cathode cooling water flow loop.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of direct current arc plasma torches, and particularly relates to a high-power long-life double-cathode plasma torch device for fly ash fusion.

Background

The plasma torch is a plasma device capable of generating and stably maintaining the temperature of 3000-30000K, and has wide application prospects in the fields of metallurgy, material surface treatment, welding/cutting, solid waste/hazardous waste treatment and the like. In the field of dc arc plasma torches that are widely used, they can be classified into axial plasma torches and coaxial plasma torches. The axial plasma torch is further classified into an axial plasma torch having a center electrode and an axial plasma torch having a cup-shaped electrode. The axial plasma torch having the center electrode can obtain a high arc voltage, can obtain a high generator power at a small current, can improve the electrode life, and can easily obtain a flat or rising current-voltage characteristic of the plasma arc. The axial plasma torch with the cup-shaped electrode can use air and the like as plasma medium, has high power and can easily reach megawatt level.

The direct reason for restricting the widespread use of arc plasma torches in the fly ash fusion industry is the lifetime problem, with axial torches with center electrodes generally having a lifetime of 500 hours and axial torches with cup electrodes generally having a lifetime of 300 hours. At present, researchers generally adopt the methods of changing electrode materials, optimizing electrode heat transfer methods, applying magnetic fields and the like to improve the service life of an electrode, but even if the methods are adopted, the service life of a plasma torch is not greatly improved. For fly ash melting, the method is divided into a temperature rise stage and a heat preservation stage, the corresponding requirements on the voltage, the current and the like of a plasma torch are changed, and the voltage and the current of an axial plasma torch with a central electrode are higher and lower, so that the method is suitable for the heat preservation stage; the axial plasma torch with the cup-shaped electrode has higher current and lower voltage and is suitable for the temperature rise stage. Whatever plasma torch is used, the plasma torch needs to be adjusted correspondingly at different stages of fly ash melting, so that the plasma torch works in a non-optimal state, and the service life of the plasma torch is further shortened.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a high-power long-life twin-cathode plasma torch device for fly ash melting, which can prolong the service life of a plasma torch.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the high-power long-life twin-cathode plasma torch device for melting fly ash comprises a rod-shaped cathode loop component, a protective gas introducing component, a cup-shaped cathode loop component, a working gas introducing component and an anode loop component; the rod-shaped cathode loop assembly is embedded in the shielding gas inlet assembly, the shielding gas inlet assembly is embedded in the cup-shaped cathode loop assembly, the cup-shaped cathode loop assembly is embedded in the working gas inlet assembly in a sleeved mode, and the working gas inlet assembly is embedded in the anode loop assembly.

The present invention is also characterized in that,

the anode loop component comprises an anode cooling water inlet channel, an anode cooling water return channel, an anode and an anode external electromagnetic coil; the anode cooling water return channel is coaxially sleeved outside the anode cooling water inlet channel, an opening at one end of the anode cooling water inlet channel is communicated with the end part of the anode cooling water return channel to form an anode cooling water flow loop, and the anode is arranged at one end part of the inner side of the anode cooling water inlet channel; the inside of the anode is an equal-diameter channel, and the outer wall of the anode is sleeved with an anode external electromagnetic coil; the working gas inlet assembly is coaxially embedded inside the anode cooling water inlet channel.

The working gas introducing component comprises a working gas channel and a working gas swirler; the working gas channel is coaxially embedded inside the anode cooling water inlet channel, the end part of the working gas channel is connected with a working gas swirler, and the working gas swirler is arranged close to the anode; the cup-shaped cathode circuit component is coaxially embedded inside the working gas channel.

The cup-shaped cathode loop component comprises a cup-shaped cathode cooling water inlet channel, a cup-shaped cathode cooling water return channel, a cup-shaped cathode external electromagnetic coil and a cup-shaped cathode; the cup-shaped cathode cooling water return channel is coaxially embedded inside the working gas channel, the cup-shaped cathode cooling water inlet channel is coaxially embedded inside the cup-shaped cathode cooling water return channel, an opening at one end of the cup-shaped cathode cooling water inlet channel is communicated with the end of the cup-shaped cathode cooling water return channel to form a cup-shaped cathode cooling water flow loop, and the cup-shaped cathode is arranged at one end of the inner side of the cup-shaped cathode cooling water inlet channel; the cup-shaped cathode is internally provided with an equal-diameter channel, the inner diameter of the cup-shaped cathode internal channel is smaller than that of the anode internal channel, and the cup-shaped cathode external electromagnetic coil is sleeved on the outer wall of the cup-shaped cathode; the protective gas component is coaxially embedded inside the cup-shaped cathode cooling water inlet channel.

The protective gas component comprises a protective gas channel and a protective gas swirler; the protective gas channel is coaxially embedded inside the cup-shaped cathode cooling water inlet channel, the end part of the protective gas channel is connected with a protective gas swirler, and the protective gas swirler is arranged close to the cup-shaped cathode; the rod-shaped cathode loop assembly is coaxially embedded at the inner side of the protective gas channel.

The rod-shaped cathode loop component comprises a rod-shaped cathode cooling water inlet channel, a rod-shaped cathode cooling water return channel and a rod-shaped cathode; the rod-shaped cathode cooling water backwater channel is coaxially embedded inside the protective gas channel, the rod-shaped cathode cooling water inlet channel is coaxially embedded inside the rod-shaped cathode cooling water backwater channel, the rod-shaped cathode is arranged at the end part of the rod-shaped cathode cooling water backwater channel, and an opening at one side of the rod-shaped cathode cooling water inlet channel, which is close to the rod-shaped cathode, is connected with the end part of the rod-shaped cathode cooling water backwater channel to form a rod-shaped cathode cooling water flow loop.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the device of the invention provides a double-cathode plasma torch structure adopting a combination of a rod-shaped electrode and a cup-shaped electrode aiming at the practical working condition that the service life of a plasma torch is too short. The arc striking electrode is positioned between the rod-shaped cathode and the cup-shaped cathode, and the air flow between the two cathodes is small during operation, so that the gap between the two cathodes is small, and the success rate of arc striking is facilitated. The service life of the cathode of the plasma torch is far shorter than that of the anode, so that the service life of the plasma torch is limited by the service life of the cathode. The magnetic field is added outside the anode, and the tangential speed of the arc root is increased by the magnetic field and the tangential airflow together, so that the electrode arc root at the anode rotates, the arc root is prevented from falling at the same position, and the service life of the anode is prolonged. The magnetic field is added to the outside of the cup-shaped electrode, when the arc root falls on the rod-shaped cathode and the anode, the magnetic field plays a hoop inhibiting effect on the arc inside the cup-shaped electrode, the cup-shaped electrode is prevented from being ablated, the heat efficiency of the plasma torch is improved, when the arc root falls on the cup-shaped cathode and the cup-shaped anode, the magnetic field and tangential airflow drive the cathode arc root to rotate on the cup-shaped electrode, the arc root is prevented from falling on the same position, and the service life of the cup-shaped cathode is prolonged.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the configuration of a rod-shaped cathode in a high power long life twin cathode torch apparatus for fly ash fusion of the present invention during operation;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the cup-shaped cathode of a high power long life twin cathode torch apparatus for fly ash fusion of the present invention in operation.

In the figure, 1, a protective gas channel, 2, a rod-shaped cathode cooling water inlet channel, 3, a rod-shaped cathode cooling water return channel, 4, a cup-shaped cathode cooling water inlet channel, 5, a cup-shaped cathode cooling water return channel, 6, a working gas channel, 7, an anode cooling water inlet channel, 8, an anode cooling water return channel, 9, a rod-shaped cathode, 10, a protective gas swirler, 11, a cup-shaped cathode additional electromagnetic coil, 12, a cup-shaped cathode, 13, a working gas swirler, 14, an anode and 15, an electromagnetic coil is additionally arranged on the anode.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

The invention relates to a high-power long-life twin-cathode plasma torch device for melting fly ash, which comprises a rod-shaped cathode loop component, a protective gas introducing component, a cup-shaped cathode loop component, a working gas introducing component and an anode loop component, and is shown in a figure 1-2; the rod-shaped cathode loop assembly is embedded in the shielding gas inlet assembly, the shielding gas inlet assembly is embedded in the cup-shaped cathode loop assembly, the cup-shaped cathode loop assembly is embedded in the working gas inlet assembly in a sleeved mode, and the working gas inlet assembly is embedded in the anode loop assembly.

The anode loop component comprises an anode cooling water inlet channel 7, an anode cooling water return channel 8, an anode 14 and an anode external electromagnetic coil 15; wherein the anode cooling water return passage 8 is coaxially sleeved outside the anode cooling water inlet passage 7, an opening at one end of the anode cooling water inlet passage 7 is communicated with the end part of the anode cooling water return passage 8 to form an anode cooling water flow loop, and the anode 14 is arranged at one end part of the inner side of the anode cooling water inlet passage 7; the inside of the anode 14 is an equal-diameter channel, the outer wall of the anode 14 is sleeved with an anode external electromagnetic coil 15, one end of the anode cooling water return channel 8, which is far away from the anode 14, is externally connected with an anode wiring terminal, and the anode external electromagnetic coil 15 is externally connected with a power supply; the working gas inlet assembly is coaxially embedded inside the anode cooling water inlet channel 7. The anode 14 is cooled by adopting a separate cooling water loop, which is beneficial to improving the cooling effect of the anode 14 and prolonging the service life of the electrode. The anode 14 helps to increase the arc tangential velocity, further improving the life of the anode 14.

The working gas introducing component comprises a working gas channel 6 and a working gas swirler 13; wherein, the working gas channel 6 is coaxially embedded inside the anode cooling water inlet channel 7, the end part of the working gas channel 6 is connected with a working gas swirler 13, and the working gas swirler 13 is arranged close to the anode 14; the cup-shaped cathode circuit assembly is coaxially fitted inside the working gas channel 6. The working gas channel 6 and the working gas cyclone 13 are made of insulating materials and jointly form a working gas inlet device, wherein the working gas cyclone 13 is provided with tangential small holes, so that the working gas is introduced into the discharge channel at a certain tangential speed. The working gas generally adopts gas with low economic value, such as air, and the like, and is used for reducing the use cost of the plasma torch.

The cup-shaped cathode loop component comprises a cup-shaped cathode cooling water inlet channel 4, a cup-shaped cathode cooling water return channel 5, a cup-shaped cathode external electromagnetic coil 11 and a cup-shaped cathode 12; the cup-shaped cathode cooling water return channel 5 is coaxially embedded inside the working gas channel 6, the cup-shaped cathode cooling water inlet channel 4 is coaxially embedded inside the cup-shaped cathode cooling water return channel 5, an opening at one end of the cup-shaped cathode cooling water inlet channel 4 is communicated with the end part of the cup-shaped cathode cooling water return channel 5 to form a cup-shaped cathode cooling water flow loop, and the cup-shaped cathode 12 is arranged at one end part of the inner side of the cup-shaped cathode cooling water inlet channel 4; an isometric channel is arranged in the cup-shaped cathode 12, the inner diameter of the internal channel of the cup-shaped cathode 12 is smaller than that of the internal channel of the anode 14, a cup-shaped cathode external electromagnetic coil 11 is sleeved on the outer wall of the cup-shaped cathode 12, one end of the cup-shaped cathode cooling water return channel 5, which is far away from the cup-shaped cathode 12, is externally connected with a cathode binding post, and the cup-shaped cathode external electromagnetic coil 11 is externally connected with; the protective gas component is coaxially embedded inside the cup-shaped cathode cooling water inlet channel 4; and the cup-shaped cathode 12 is cooled by adopting a separate cooling water loop, so that the cooling effect of the cup-shaped cathode 12 is improved, and the service life of the electrode is prolonged. The application of the magnetic field by the cup-shaped cathode and the electromagnetic coil 11 helps to increase the tangential speed of the arc or the thermal efficiency of the plasma torch, and further improves the service life of the cup-shaped electrode 12.

The protective gas component comprises a protective gas channel 1 and a protective gas swirler 10; wherein, the protective gas channel 1 is coaxially embedded inside the cup-shaped cathode cooling water inlet channel 4, the end part of the protective gas channel 1 is connected with a protective gas swirler 10, and the protective gas swirler 10 is arranged close to the cup-shaped cathode 12; the rod-shaped cathode loop assembly is coaxially embedded inside the shielding gas channel 1. The protective gas channel 1 and the protective gas cyclone 10 are made of insulating materials and jointly form a protective gas introducing device, wherein the protective gas cyclone 10 is provided with tangential small holes, so that the protective gas is introduced into the discharge channel at a certain tangential speed. The protective gas is generally nitrogen or other inert gas, and is used for prolonging the service life of the rod-shaped cathode 9.

The rod-shaped cathode loop component comprises a rod-shaped cathode cooling water inlet channel 2, a rod-shaped cathode cooling water return channel 3 and a rod-shaped cathode 9; the rod-shaped cathode cooling water backwater channel 3 is coaxially embedded inside the protective gas channel 1, the rod-shaped cathode cooling water inlet channel 2 is coaxially embedded inside the rod-shaped cathode cooling water backwater channel 3, the rod-shaped cathode 9 is arranged at the end part of the rod-shaped cathode cooling water backwater channel 3, and the rod-shaped cathode cooling water inlet channel 2 is opened at one side close to the rod-shaped cathode 9 and connected with the end part of the rod-shaped cathode cooling water backwater channel 3 to form a rod-shaped cathode cooling water flow loop; the rod-shaped electrode 9 is cooled by adopting an independent cooling water loop, so that the cooling effect of the rod-shaped electrode 9 is improved, and the service life of the electrode is prolonged; one end of the rod-shaped cathode cooling water return channel 3, which is far away from the rod-shaped cathode 9, is externally connected with a cathode binding post.

The operation of the rod-shaped cathode 9 is shown in fig. 1, and the arc root falls on the rod-shaped cathode 9 and the anode 14, and the arc voltage of the plasma torch is higher and the current is lower.

The operation of the cup cathode 12 is shown in fig. 2, where the arc root falls on the cup cathode 12 and the anode 14, and the plasma torch has a lower arc voltage and a higher current.

The inner diameter of the cup-shaped cathode arc channel is smaller than that of the anode arc channel, and the head of the anode has a radian, so that working gas can stably enter the anode arc channel.

The invention has the advantages that:

(1) the arc striking electrode is positioned between the rod-shaped cathode and the cup-shaped cathode, and the air flow between the two cathodes is small during operation, so that the gap between the two cathodes is small, and the success rate of arc striking is facilitated. The service life of the cathode of the plasma torch is far shorter than that of the anode, so that the service life of the plasma torch is limited by the service life of the cathode. The magnetic field is added outside the anode, and the tangential speed of the arc root is increased by the magnetic field and the tangential airflow together, so that the electrode arc root at the anode rotates, the arc root is prevented from falling at the same position, and the service life of the anode is prolonged. The magnetic field is added to the outside of the cup-shaped electrode, when the arc root falls on the rod-shaped cathode and the anode, the magnetic field plays a hoop inhibiting effect on the arc inside the cup-shaped electrode, the cup-shaped electrode is prevented from being ablated, the heat efficiency of the plasma torch is improved, when the arc root falls on the cup-shaped cathode and the cup-shaped anode, the magnetic field and tangential airflow drive the cathode arc root to rotate on the cup-shaped electrode, the arc root is prevented from falling on the same position, and the service life of the cup-shaped cathode is prolonged.

(2) The apparatus combines an axial plasma torch having a center electrode and an axial plasma torch having a cup electrode, and uses a rod electrode in a temperature-maintaining stage and a cup electrode in a temperature-increasing stage. The plasma torch can work in the optimal state, the service life of the plasma torch can be prolonged, the device is convenient to use and low in cost, and the service life of the plasma torch can be prolonged greatly.

(3) The straight arc-striking electrode is positioned between the rod-shaped cathode and the cup-shaped cathode, and the air flow between the two cathodes is small when the straight arc-striking electrode works, so that the gap between the two cathodes is small, and the success rate of arc striking is facilitated.