阅读说明：本技术 一种稻麦轮作田轻简化方式养殖大规格小龙虾的新模式 (Novel mode for cultivating large-specification crayfishes in rice-wheat crop rotation field in simplified mode ) 是由 孙永建 张金波 李力 冯鹏 唐清 谭永强 罗敬东 黄艳艳 于 2021-01-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种稻麦轮作田轻简化方式养殖大规格小龙虾的新模式：包括如下步骤,第一步,本田建设；沿田埂内侧开挖简易环沟,沟渠呈倒直角梯形,斜边位于田埂内侧,沟渠深0.8米,底宽0.5米,上口宽1.2米；第二步,冬季轮作种植小麦；第三步,整理田地,适时插秧；第四步,放入虾苗,稻虾共作；第五步,收获成虾,收割水稻；第六步,彻底晒田,全面消毒；第七步,轮作小麦；本方案本田所开挖环沟解决了稻麦轮作田小麦生长过程中的排水防渍难题,显著提高小麦产量；在保证稻麦两茬作物收入的基础上,增加一季小龙虾收益；特定的繁养分离模式和低密度轻简化养殖方式为大规格小龙虾的养殖提供了有力的保障。(The invention discloses a new mode for breeding large-size crayfishes in a simplified mode by rice-wheat crop rotation: the method comprises the following steps of firstly, constructing a Honda; a simple circular ditch is excavated along the inner side of the ridge, the ditch is in an inverted right trapezoid shape, the bevel edge is positioned on the inner side of the ridge, the depth of the ditch is 0.8 meter, the bottom width is 0.5 meter, and the upper opening width is 1.2 meters; secondly, planting wheat in winter rotation; thirdly, tidying the field and transplanting rice seedlings at proper time; fourthly, putting shrimp seedlings and rice and shrimps into the pond for co-culture; fifthly, harvesting adult shrimps and harvesting rice; sixthly, completely drying the land in the sun and comprehensively disinfecting; seventhly, crop rotation is carried out on the wheat; the circular ditch excavated in the field solves the problem of water drainage and stain resistance in the growth process of the wheat in the rice and wheat crop rotation field, and obviously improves the yield of the wheat; on the basis of ensuring the income of two crops of rice and wheat, the income of crayfishes in one season is increased; the specific breeding separation mode and the low-density simplified breeding mode provide a powerful guarantee for breeding the large-size crayfishes.)

1. The utility model provides a rice and wheat crop rotation field light simplifies the new mode of mode breed big specification crayfish which characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps of firstly, constructing a Honda; digging a simple circular ditch along the inner side of the ridge, wherein the circular ditch is in an inverted right trapezoid shape, the bevel edge is positioned on the inner side of the ridge, the depth of the circular ditch is 0.8 meter, the bottom width is 0.5 meter, the upper opening width is 1.2 meters, and the ridge is built around the local field by using the excavated earthwork;

secondly, planting wheat in winter rotation; in the middle 10 th month-5 th month in the second year, the peripheral sulcus is used as a drainage facility, water in the peripheral sulcus is drained, the wheat is prevented from being waterlogged in the growth process of about 7 months, and the planting process is the same as that of the conventional field planting;

thirdly, arranging field transplanting; after 5 months of wheat is harvested, water is fed into the field, rotary tillage is carried out on the field, a plurality of strip-shaped feeding areas parallel to the long edges of the field are formed in the middle of the field, and rice seedlings are planted at positions between the strip-shaped feeding areas and the circular ditches and between two adjacent strip-shaped feeding areas;

fourthly, putting the shrimp larvae; when the tillering and flourishing period of the rice is up to 6 th or 7 th of the month, arranging a protective net at the upper end of a ridge around the field, filling the water level of a circular ditch to the position of a seedling root of the field block, putting orderly and consistent crayfish seedlings into the field, feeding the crayfish seedlings with feed, and performing fine management;

fifthly, harvesting lobsters and rice; starting in the middle ten days of 8 months, intensively picking up large-sized crayfishes in a strip area and a peripheral circular ditch during the period from 9 o 'clock in the evening to 6 o' clock in the next morning, stopping 8 o 'clock at the bottom of the month, basically finishing the capture of the large-sized crayfishes in a rice field area, starting to control water in the circular ditch to dry the field, harvesting rice in the middle ten days of 9 o' clock, controlling water in the bottom of the circular ditch to dry and dry the field, and clearing the residual crayfishes;

sixthly, sterilizing the field; after the ring ditches are dried in the sun in 10 months, spreading quicklime according to a disinfection standard, and completely disinfecting and sterilizing the surrounding ring ditches;

seventhly, planting the wheat in a crop rotation mode; in the middle 10 th month, the whole field is rotary tilled except for the ring furrow, wheat is planted, and the rice and wheat rotation mode is started.

2. The new mode of rice and wheat crop rotation field simplified mode for breeding large-size crayfish as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the strip-shaped feeding areas are concave, the distance between every two adjacent strip-shaped feeding areas is 15 meters, the depth of each strip-shaped feeding area is 0.1-0.2 meter, and the width of each strip-shaped feeding area is 1 meter.

3. The new mode of rice and wheat crop rotation field simplified mode for breeding large-size crayfish as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the shrimp seedlings are put in the paddy field at a low density, and about 2000 shrimp seedlings are put in each mu of paddy field.

4. The new mode of rice and wheat crop rotation field simplified mode for breeding large-size crayfish as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the total area of the simple circular groove accounts for about 5 percent of the total area of the rice and wheat crop rotation field.

5. The new mode of rice and wheat crop rotation field simplified mode for breeding large-size crayfish as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the wheat can be used for dry farming, during which the farmland can be completely sunned, the pond can be completely cleaned, and the disinfection can be completely realized.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture and crop planting, in particular to a novel mode for simply and conveniently breeding large-size crayfishes in rice and wheat crop rotation fields.

Background

The rice and the wheat are the most important grain crops in China, the planting areas of the two crops respectively account for 20% and 13% of the total planting area of the rice and the wheat in the world, and a rice and wheat crop rotation mode is adopted in 13% of rice planting areas in China; in the wheat planting period, the rice stubble causes heavy viscosity of field soil and high field humidity, and is easy to block machinery, the machinery cannot land in the severe period, so that the wheat seeding is late, the efficiency is not high, the sowing period is missed, the high and stable yield of the wheat is seriously restricted, a rapid draining and field drying mode is explored, and a waterlogging draining and stain preventing planting mode is urgently needed;

the rice and shrimp joint cropping realizes the two purposes of one water and one field and two harvests, is a green development model, not only effectively stabilizes the grain productivity, but also improves the quality and the efficiency, increases the agricultural income, is greatly popularized nationwide, and plays a remarkable role in assisting the agriculture and increasing the income and meeting the consumption demands of the masses. However, through the development of the recent years, there are many problems that cannot be ignored:

(1) the opening of the shrimp pond occupies a large amount of effective farming area, so that the actual rice planting area is reduced, meanwhile, the pure rice and shrimp are jointly planted, so that a part of rice and wheat crop rotation field is converted into a non-wheat planting area, the wheat planting area is reduced to a certain extent, and the potential hazard is brought to the national grain safety;

(2) the existing rice shrimp culture mode has the defects of irregular specification of shrimp seedlings at the mouth of a rice shrimp pond, high mortality rate and less high-quality large-specification finished shrimps, the sale price is far lower than that of the regular large-specification finished shrimps, and the economic benefit of a farmer is not good;

(3) in the old rice and shrimp fields for continuously breeding for multiple generations, the diseases of crayfishes are more and more serious, and the high-density breeding is added, so that the cost of manpower, feed, medicines and the like is high, and a set of light and simplified pond cleaning and disinfection mode is urgently needed to solve the problem;

therefore, a new mode for cultivating large-size crayfishes in a simplified mode by rice-wheat crop rotation is explored to solve the problems.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a novel mode for breeding large-size crayfishes in a simplified mode in a rice-wheat crop rotation field.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is a new mode for breeding large-size crayfishes in a rice-wheat crop rotation field simplified mode: the method comprises the following steps of firstly, constructing a Honda; digging a simple circular ditch along the inner side of the ridge, wherein the circular ditch is in an inverted right trapezoid shape, the bevel edge is positioned on the inner side of the ridge, the depth of the circular ditch is 0.8 meter, the bottom width is 0.5 meter, the upper opening width is 1.2 meters, and the ridge is built around the local field by using the excavated earthwork;

secondly, planting wheat in winter rotation; in the middle 10 th month-5 th month in the second year, the peripheral sulcus is used as a drainage facility, water in the peripheral sulcus is drained, the wheat is prevented from being waterlogged in the growth process of about 7 months, and the planting process is the same as that of the conventional field planting;

thirdly, arranging field transplanting; after 5 months of wheat is harvested, water is fed into the field, rotary tillage is carried out on the field, a plurality of strip-shaped feeding areas parallel to the long edges of the field are formed in the middle of the field, and rice seedlings are planted at positions between the strip-shaped feeding areas and the circular ditches and between two adjacent strip-shaped feeding areas;

fourthly, putting the shrimp larvae; when the tillering stage of the rice is full in the late 6 th or the early 7 th month, arranging a protective net at the upper end of a ridge around the field, filling the water level of a circular ditch to the position of a seedling root of a submerged field block after the field is properly and lightly sunned, putting orderly and consistent crayfish seedlings into the field, starting to feed the crayfish seedlings, and performing fine management;

fifthly, harvesting lobsters and rice; starting in the middle ten days of 8 months, intensively picking up large-sized crayfishes in a strip area and a peripheral circular ditch during the period from 9 o 'clock in the evening to 6 o' clock in the next morning, stopping 8 o 'clock at the bottom of the month, basically finishing the capture of the large-sized crayfishes in a rice field area, starting to control water in the circular ditch to dry the field, harvesting rice in the middle ten days of 9 o' clock, controlling water in the bottom of the circular ditch to dry and dry the field, and clearing the residual crayfishes;

sixthly, sterilizing the field; after the ring ditches are dried in the sun in 10 months, spreading quicklime according to a disinfection standard, and completely disinfecting and sterilizing the surrounding ring ditches;

seventhly, planting the wheat in a crop rotation mode; in the middle 10 th month, the whole field is rotary tilled except for the ring furrow, wheat is planted, and the rice and wheat rotation mode is started.

As an improvement, the strip-shaped feeding areas are concave, the distance between every two adjacent strip-shaped feeding areas is 15 meters, and the strip-shaped feeding areas are 0.1-0.2 meter deep and 1 meter wide.

As an improvement, the shrimp seedlings are put in low density, and about 2000 shrimp seedlings are put in each mu of rice field.

As an improvement, the total area of the easy circular groove accounts for about 5 percent of the total area of the rice and wheat crop rotation field.

As an improvement, the wheat can be used for dry farming, during which the farmland can be completely sunned, the pond can be completely cleaned, and the disinfection can be completely realized.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: (1) the annular ditch is excavated around the rice and wheat crop rotation field, the annular ditch is in an inverted right trapezoid shape, the drainage effect is good, the problem of drainage and stain prevention in the growth process of wheat in the rice and wheat crop rotation field is effectively solved, and the yield of the wheat is greatly improved; (2) the simple circular trench has small opening, occupies about 5 percent of the total area of the rice and wheat crop rotation field, and occupies less cultivated area; (3) the shrimp seedlings are planted in about 2000 shrimp seedlings per mu of rice field, the feed, labor and management costs are greatly reduced, only about 3 shrimp seedlings per square meter are cultured at low density, the problem of diseases can be effectively reduced, the average single shrimp occupies good ecological resources, the growth is fast and healthy, the specification is large, the quality is good, and the occurrence probability of the diseases is far lower than that of the common rice and shrimp co-working environment; (4) the breeding separation mode formed by rice and wheat rotation stubble is utilized, large-sized grown shrimps are produced at the bottom of 8 months in a staggered mode, the market prospect is good, the selling price is high, and (5) the wheat is dry-farmed, can be sunned thoroughly in the field, is thoroughly cleaned, disinfected and sterilized, and is a new green breeding separation mode.

Detailed Description

The following will explain in detail the new mode of the invention for breeding large crayfishes in a simplified way by using rice and wheat crop rotation fields in combination with the embodiment.

A new mode for cultivating large-size crayfishes in a rice-wheat crop rotation field simplified mode comprises the following steps of firstly, constructing a local field; digging a simple circular ditch along the inner side of the ridge, wherein the circular ditch is in an inverted right trapezoid shape, the bevel edge is positioned on the inner side of the ridge, the depth of the circular ditch is 0.8 meter, the bottom width is 0.5 meter, the upper opening width is 1.2 meters, and the ridge is built around the local field by using the excavated earthwork;

secondly, planting wheat in winter rotation; in the middle 10 th month-5 th month in the second year, the peripheral sulcus is used as a drainage facility, water in the peripheral sulcus is drained, the wheat is prevented from being waterlogged in the growth process of about 7 months, and the planting process is the same as that of the conventional field planting;

thirdly, arranging field transplanting; after 5 months of wheat is harvested, water is fed into the field, rotary tillage is carried out on the field, a plurality of strip-shaped feeding areas parallel to the long edges of the field are formed in the middle of the field, and rice seedlings are planted at positions between the strip-shaped feeding areas and the circular ditches and between two adjacent strip-shaped feeding areas;

fourthly, putting the shrimp larvae; when the tillering stage of the rice is full in the late 6 th or the early 7 th month, arranging a protective net at the upper end of a ridge around the field, filling the water level of a circular ditch to the position of a seedling root of a submerged field block after the field is properly and lightly sunned, putting orderly and consistent crayfish seedlings into the field, starting to feed the crayfish seedlings, and performing fine management;

fifthly, harvesting lobsters and rice; starting in the middle ten days of 8 months, intensively picking up large-sized crayfishes in a strip area and a peripheral circular ditch during the period from 9 o 'clock in the evening to 6 o' clock in the next morning, stopping 8 o 'clock at the bottom of the month, basically finishing the capture of the large-sized crayfishes in a rice field area, starting to control water in the circular ditch to dry the field, harvesting rice in the middle ten days of 9 o' clock, controlling water in the bottom of the circular ditch to dry and dry the field, and clearing the residual crayfishes;

sixthly, sterilizing the field; after the ring ditches are dried in the sun in 10 months, spreading quicklime according to a disinfection standard, and completely disinfecting and sterilizing the surrounding ring ditches;

seventhly, planting the wheat in a crop rotation mode; in the middle 10 th month, the whole field is rotary tilled except for the ring furrow, wheat is planted, and the rice and wheat rotation mode is started.

The strip-shaped feeding areas are concave, the distance between every two adjacent strip-shaped feeding areas is 15 meters, the depth of each strip-shaped feeding area is 0.1-0.2 meter, and the width of each strip-shaped feeding area is 1 meter.

The shrimp seedlings are put in the paddy field at a low density, and about 2000 shrimp seedlings are put in each mu of paddy field.

The total area of the simple circular groove accounts for about 5 percent of the total area of the rice and wheat crop rotation field.

The wheat can be completely sunned in the field, cleaned in the pond and disinfected during dry farming, and is a new green flourishing cultivation separation mode.

When the method is implemented, firstly, establishing a Honda; digging a simple circular ditch along the inner side of the ridge, wherein the circular ditch is in an inverted right trapezoid shape, the bevel edge is positioned on the inner side of the ridge, the depth of the circular ditch is 0.8 meter, the bottom width of the circular ditch is 0.5 meter, the upper opening width of the circular ditch is 1.2 meters, and the dug earthwork builds the ridge around the local field, wherein the total area of the simple circular ditch accounts for about 5 percent of the total area of the rice and wheat crop rotation field;

secondly, planting wheat in winter rotation; after about 10 months and 20 days, the water in the circumferential ring ditches is drained completely and the wheat is planted by rotary tillage and seeding, and the smooth drainage of the ring ditches is ensured in the growth process of about 7 months, so that the waterlogging damage is not easy to occur in the growth process of the wheat;

thirdly, arranging field transplanting; after wheat is harvested, feeding water for about 5 months and 17 days, carrying out rotary tillage to complete a field, arranging strip-shaped feeding areas in the field in a parallel direction, wherein the strip-shaped feeding areas are concave, 0.1-0.2 m deep and 1 m wide, the distance between every two adjacent strip-shaped feeding areas is 15 m, transplanting seedlings at the positions between the strip-shaped feeding areas and the circular ditches and between the two adjacent strip-shaped feeding areas after finishing, then carrying out normal field management, starting water control to sun-dry the field about 6 months and 18 days, and rehydrating about 6 months and 27 days.

Fourthly, putting the shrimp larvae; about 26 days after 6 months, arranging a protective net at the upper end of a ridge around the local field; filling the water level of the circular ditches to the positions of the seedling roots of the submerged field blocks after about 27 days in 6 months, putting the shrimp seedlings into the rice field according to the standard of 2000 shrimp seedlings per mu, starting to feed, and entering a normal cultivation management procedure;

fifthly, harvesting lobsters and rice; beginning in the middle ten days of 8 months, intensively picking up crayfishes with specifications above 35g in a strip area and a peripheral circular groove during the period from 9 o 'clock in evening to 6 o' clock in the next morning, basically finishing the capture of the crayfishes with specifications above 35g in a rice field area by 8 months, starting circular groove water control and field drying from about 9 months and 1 days, and harvesting rice about 9 months and 18 days;

sixthly, field disinfection: drying the field thoroughly about 10 months and 3 days, cleaning the rest shrimps, drying the shrimps in the sun in the circular groove, spreading quicklime according to the disinfection standard, and completely disinfecting and sterilizing the peripheral circular groove;

seventhly, planting the wheat in a rotation mode, wherein the wheat is planted in the whole field in 17 days after 10 months, rotary tillage is carried out in the whole field except for a circular ditch, the wheat is planted in 21 days after 10 months, and the rice and wheat rotation mode is started;

the effect of the invention is as follows: (1) the difficult problems of water drainage and stain resistance in the growth process of the wheat in the rice and wheat crop rotation field are effectively solved, and the yield of the wheat is greatly improved; (2) on the basis of no reduction of yield of rice, the yield of crayfishes is increased; (3) by utilizing a breeding and separating mode formed by rice and wheat rotation stubble, large-size grown shrimps are produced at the bottom of 8 months in a staggered mode, the market prospect is good, and the selling price is high; (4) the method has the advantages that the method can effectively reduce the disease problem by low-density cultivation with only about 3 shrimps per square meter, and the average single shrimp occupies good ecological resources, grows fast and healthy, has large specification and good quality, and has far lower disease occurrence probability than the common rice and shrimp co-culture environment.

The present invention and the embodiments thereof have been described above, but the description is not limited thereto, and the embodiments described in the examples are only one of the embodiments of the present invention, and are not limited thereto. In summary, those skilled in the art should appreciate that they can readily use the disclosed conception and specific embodiments as a basis for designing or modifying other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.