阅读说明：本技术 一种多维度高分辨海洋目标实时成像仪 (Multi-dimensional high-resolution ocean target real-time imager ) 是由 王凯凯 张萌 秦欢 潘泽 于 2021-05-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种多维度高分辨海洋目标实时成像仪,属于海面目标探测与信息传输技术领域,为了解决目前的多维度信息获取仪器无法同时满足作用距离长、时效性好、空间与光谱分辨率高、全偏振信息获取的要求的问题。该成像仪主要由精准指向及控制分系统、无遮拦望远分系统、红外搜索跟踪分系统、多维度信息获取分系统MDI、多维度海量信息处理分系统,以及外围分系统等六部分组成。本发明拟研制多维度高分辨实时成像仪器,突破现有多维度成像仪器原理所限导致的无法兼具分辨力强、时效性高的功能局限,实现海面目标观测所需高光谱与空间分辨、全偏振信息、同时成像,具备消除耀斑、穿透海雾、提高对比度的海面目标观测能力。(A multi-dimensional high-resolution ocean target real-time imager belongs to the technical field of sea surface target detection and information transmission and aims to solve the problem that an existing multi-dimensional information acquisition instrument cannot meet the requirements of long action distance, good timeliness, high spatial and spectral resolution and full-polarization information acquisition at the same time. The imager mainly comprises a precise pointing and controlling subsystem, a non-blocking telescope subsystem, an infrared searching and tracking subsystem, a multi-dimensional information acquiring subsystem MDI, a multi-dimensional mass information processing subsystem and a peripheral subsystem. The invention aims to develop a multi-dimensional high-resolution real-time imaging instrument, breaks through the functional limitation that the existing multi-dimensional imaging instrument cannot have both strong resolution and high timeliness due to the principle limitation, realizes hyperspectral, spatial resolution and full polarization information required by sea surface target observation, realizes simultaneous imaging, and has the sea surface target observation capability of eliminating flare spots, penetrating sea fog and improving contrast.)

1. A multi-dimensional high-resolution ocean target real-time imager is characterized in that: the system comprises an accurate pointing and controlling subsystem (1), a non-blocking telescope subsystem (2), an infrared searching and tracking subsystem (3), a multi-dimensional information acquiring subsystem (4), a multi-dimensional mass information processing subsystem (5) and a peripheral subsystem (6); the optical axis of a pointing mirror module (11) in the accurate pointing and control subsystem (1) is parallel to the optical axis of a reflector I (20) in the non-blocking telescope subsystem (2); the emergent optical axis of a reflector II (21) in the non-blocking telescopic subsystem (2) passes through a dichroic mirror (30), and one beam is the optical axis of the infrared searching and tracking subsystem (3) and is in the horizontal direction; the other beam passes through a reflector III (40) and exits an optical axis, namely the optical axis of the multi-dimensional information acquisition subsystem (5) is also in the horizontal direction, namely the infrared searching and tracking subsystem (3) and the multi-dimensional information acquisition subsystem (4) are arranged in parallel; and then, the multidimensional mass information processing subsystem (5) and the peripheral subsystem (6) are sequentially connected in series and arranged in parallel.

2. The real-time imager of multi-dimensional high-resolution ocean targets as claimed in claim 1, wherein said precise pointing and control subsystem (1) comprises a control circuit module (10) and a pointing mirror module (11), mainly realizing pointing and image motion compensation of the infrared search subsystem (3) and the multi-dimensional imager subsystem, keeping the system stable during flight, receiving the driving signal from the servo control module, and performing corresponding actions according to the computer control command.

3. The multi-dimensional high resolution real-time imager of marine targets of claim 1, wherein said non-obscuration telescopic subsystem (2) comprises two off-axis mirrors: the reflector I (20) and the reflector II (21) adopt an off-axis two-mirror structure.

4. The real-time imager of multi-dimensional high-resolution ocean targets as claimed in claim 1, wherein said infrared search and tracking subsystem (3) comprises a dichroic mirror (30), a secondary imaging lens set (31) and a refrigeration detector (32), said secondary imaging lens set (31) and refrigeration detector (32) are coaxial and arranged in series, and the secondary imaging lens (31) improves the efficiency of the cold stop.

5. The real-time imager of the multi-dimensional high-resolution ocean target of claim 1, wherein the multi-dimensional information acquisition subsystem (4) comprises a reflector III (40), a front telescope system module (41), a static phase modulation system module (42), a spectral beam splitting interference module (43), an imaging mirror (44) and a visible light detector (45), the reflector III (40), the front telescope system module (41), the static phase modulation system module (42), the spectral beam splitting interference module (43), the imaging mirror (44) and the visible light detector (45) are arranged in series with the same optical axis, the front telescope system module (41) is composed of an objective lens, a field stop and an eyepiece, and the static phase modulation module (42) and the spectral beam splitting interference module (43) are respectively composed of birefringent crystals.

6. The real-time imager of the multi-dimensional high-resolution marine target as claimed in claim 1, wherein the multi-dimensional mass information processing subsystem (5) comprises an image acquisition module (50) and a computation processing module (51), and data obtained by the image acquisition module (50) from the image received by the imaging detector enters the computation processing module (51) and comprises data receiving, pre-processing denoising, interference image demodulation, aerosol influence decoupling, target/seawater intrinsic image decomposition, infrared fusion enhancement, information interpretation and identification and the like.

7. The multi-dimensional high-resolution real-time imager of marine targets of claim, wherein: the multi-dimensional information acquisition subsystem (4) and the infrared search tracking subsystem (3) adopt a common-aperture telescope, then infrared band light splitting imaging is used for sea surface search general investigation, and visible-near infrared band light splitting is used for detailed investigation of an interest target.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of sea surface target detection and information transmission, and particularly relates to a multi-dimensional high-resolution real-time imaging instrument for an ocean target.

Background

With the development of social economy, the ocean is increasingly highlighted as an energy storage bank and a resource transportation channel, the maintenance of national ocean homeland safety is a major strategic task and a core benefit of China, and the premise of fulfilling the major duty is the accurate and efficient monitoring and monitoring of the ocean situation. Meanwhile, the system can be used for timely monitoring, early warning and development prediction of marine disasters, can reduce the harm of the disasters to the lives and properties of people to the greatest extent, and is significant. If the strength, spectrum and polarization multi-dimensional optical information of the target can be acquired at the same time, the advantages of each technology are exerted, and the detection capability of the sea surface target can be greatly improved. Therefore, the spectral imaging technology and the polarization imaging technology are fused and researched at home and abroad.

The united states army developed a prototype of a Short Wave Infrared (SWIR) multispectral polarizing in-situ projector (MPSP) system. The system is capable of projecting a single spectral image of variable spectral bandwidth (12-100nm) in 850 to 1650nm as well as full polarization information for video. Subsequently, they studied the problem of desert soil imaging, understanding mineral composition, particle size and orientation, and various applications in civilian and military applications. In the same year, they discussed two new field portable spectral polarizers based on acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) technology, one of which is the Visible Near Infrared (VNIR) with spectral resolution 5nm @633nm in the spectral range 450 to 800 nm. The other is a short wave infrared imager with spectral resolution of 15nm @1350nm in the spectral range of 1000-1600 nm.

Chan V.C. of the university of Arizona, Kudenov M. et al, by adding a rotating quarter wave plate and a linear polarizer in front of a Snapshot Hyperspectral Imaging Fourier Transform (SHIFT) spectrometer, provide a novel Stokes imaging spectral polarizer, which can reconstruct an object spectrum and all Stokes parameters in a visible spectrum, with spectral resolution of 555cm^-1。

A liquid crystal type spectral polarization imager developed by a national aerospace laboratory in Japan is researched in a large quantity, and the liquid crystal type spectral polarization imager comprises agricultural environment monitoring, earth environment monitoring, water body pollution monitoring and the like. An airborne multi-angle multispectral polarization imager (MSPI) is developed by cooperation of the American jet power laboratory and the university of Arizona and adopted by NASA as a main detection instrument for an aerosol-cloud-ecosystem (ACE) research task to research the influence of aerosol on cloud formation, the instrument starts to test for flight from the end of 2010, and is improved for many times so far to acquire a large amount of data of cloud layers, aerosol and ground targets.

The technical scheme of the unmanned aerial vehicle-mounted multispectral polarization imager is designed for the reconnaissance platform of the long-distance light unmanned aerial vehicle in the Chinese academy. The working wavelength range is 400nm-1000nm, the polarization spectrum resolution is 20nm, and the spatial resolution H is 1m when being 5 km.

From the dynamic analysis at home and abroad, the existing multi-dimensional information acquisition instrument is not suitable for moving target observation due to time-sharing work, is not enough in spatial resolution, is complex and heavy in structure, is large in energy consumption due to an electric modulation part, and cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of long action distance, good timeliness, high spatial and spectral resolution and full-polarization information acquisition. Therefore, there is a need in the art for a new solution to solve this problem.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a multi-dimensional high-resolution real-time imaging instrument for an ocean target, aiming at solving the problems in the prior art. The multi-dimensional high-resolution real-time imaging instrument based on the static passive interference polarization imaging principle is developed, the functional limitation that the existing multi-dimensional imaging instrument cannot have both strong resolution and high timeliness due to the limitation of the principle is broken through, hyperspectral and spatial resolution and full polarization information required by sea surface target observation and simultaneous imaging are realized, and the sea surface target observation capability of eliminating flare spots, penetrating sea fog and improving contrast is realized.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a multi-dimensional high-resolution real-time imaging instrument for ocean targets comprises an accurate pointing and control subsystem, a non-blocking telescope subsystem, an infrared search and tracking subsystem, a multi-dimensional information acquisition subsystem, a multi-dimensional mass information processing subsystem and a peripheral subsystem. The optical axis of a pointing mirror module in the accurate pointing and control subsystem is parallel to the optical axis of a reflector I in the non-blocking telescopic subsystem; the emergent light axis of a reflector II in the non-blocking telescope subsystem passes through a dichroic mirror, and one beam is the optical axis of the infrared searching and tracking subsystem and is in the horizontal direction; the other beam passes through the reflector III and exits an optical axis, namely the optical axis of the multi-dimensional information acquisition subsystem is also in the horizontal direction, namely the infrared search tracking subsystem and the multi-dimensional information acquisition subsystem are arranged in parallel; then, sequentially connecting the multidimensional mass information processing subsystem and the peripheral subsystem in series and parallel;

the precise pointing and control subsystem comprises a control circuit module and a pointing mirror module, mainly realizes pointing and image motion compensation of the infrared search subsystem and the multi-dimensional imager subsystem, keeps the stability of the system in the flight process, receives a driving signal from the servo control module, and makes corresponding action according to a computer control instruction;

the non-blocking telescopic subsystem comprises: two off-axis mirrors: the reflector I and the reflector II adopt an off-axis two-mirror structure;

the infrared search and tracking subsystem comprises a dichroic mirror, a secondary imaging mirror group and a refrigeration detector, wherein the secondary imaging mirror group and the refrigeration detector are arranged in series, and a secondary imaging lens is mainly used for improving the efficiency of a cold diaphragm. The infrared search and tracking subsystem has a large area view field, and searches a target in a large range in a scanning mode of swinging and scanning;

the multi-dimensional information acquisition subsystem comprises a reflector III, a front telescope system module, a static phase modulation system module, a spectrum beam splitting interference module, an imaging mirror and a visible light detector, the reflecting mirror III, the front telescope system module, the static phase modulation system module, the spectrum beam splitting interference module, the imaging mirror and the visible light detector are arranged in series with the same optical axis, the front telescope system module consists of an objective lens, a field diaphragm and an eyepiece, the static phase modulation module spectrum beam splitting interference module consists of a plurality of specially designed birefringent crystals with proprietary intellectual property rights respectively, after target light is collected and collimated by the front telescope system, the invention utilizes a plurality of birefringent crystals with optical axes arranged according to a certain angle, the birefringent crystal static passive phase modulation module is formed through special design without rotation), and different phase delay factors are respectively and simultaneously modulated onto four Stokes vectors. So that the 4 Stokes vectors are separated in phase. 4 Stokes vectors modulated by different phase factors are subjected to birefringence spectral interference, the process is equivalent to Fourier transform, and a spectrum signal is subjected to secondary imaging mirror to form an image modulated by interference fringes on a focal plane array detector;

the multi-dimensional mass information processing subsystem comprises an image acquisition module and a calculation processing module, wherein data obtained by an image received by an imaging detector through the image acquisition module enter the calculation processing module, and the data comprises data receiving, preprocessing denoising, interference image demodulation, aerosol influence decoupling, target/seawater intrinsic image decomposition, infrared fusion enhancement, information interpretation and identification and the like;

the multi-dimensional information acquisition subsystem and the infrared search tracking subsystem adopt a common-aperture telescope, then infrared band light splitting imaging is used for sea surface search general investigation, and visible-near infrared band light splitting is used for detailed investigation of an interest target.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the device realizes hyperspectral and spatial resolution and full-polarization information required by sea surface target observation, simultaneously images, and has the sea surface target observation capability of eliminating flare spots, penetrating sea fog and improving contrast. The principle innovation based on multi-dimensional information acquisition breaks through the bottleneck that spectral polarization imaging cannot give consideration to strong resolution, good timeliness and adaptability to the requirements of unmanned aerial vehicle-mounted application, realizes high spectral resolution and spatial resolution, obtains full polarization simultaneously, achieves the target effects of penetrating smoke, eliminating flare and highlighting, is light, small, low in consumption, stable and reliable, is expected to realize ' clear ' and ' far ' view ' of sea surface target detection in a complex ocean background, and greatly promotes the research level in the ocean safety monitoring and ocean optics field.

Drawings

The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description:

fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-dimensional high-resolution real-time marine target imager according to the present invention.

The system comprises a 1-accurate pointing and control subsystem, a 10-control circuit module, a 11-pointing mirror module, a 2-non-blocking telescope subsystem, a 20-reflector I, a 21-reflector II, a 3-infrared searching and tracking subsystem, a 30-dichroic mirror, a 31-secondary imaging mirror group, a 32-refrigeration detector, a 4-multidimensional information acquisition subsystem, a 40-reflector III, a 41-prepositive telescope system module, a 42-static phase modulation system module, a 43-spectral interference module, a 44-imaging mirror, a 45-visible light detector, a 5-multidimensional mass information processing subsystem, a 50-image acquisition module, a 51-calculation processing module, a 6-peripheral subsystem and 60-peripheral equipment.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1, the multi-dimensional high-resolution real-time imaging instrument for the marine target comprises a precise pointing and controlling subsystem 1, a non-blocking telescope subsystem 2, an infrared searching and tracking subsystem 3, a multi-dimensional information acquiring subsystem 4, a multi-dimensional mass information processing subsystem 5 and a peripheral subsystem 6. The optical axis of the pointing mirror module 11 in the accurate pointing and control subsystem 1 is parallel to the optical axis of the reflector I20 in the non-blocking telescopic subsystem 2; the emergent light axis of the reflector II 21 in the non-blocking telescope subsystem 2 passes through the dichroic mirror 30, and one beam is the optical axis of the infrared search and tracking subsystem 3 and is in the horizontal direction; the other beam passes through a reflector III 40 and exits an optical axis, namely the optical axis of the multi-dimensional information acquisition subsystem 5 is also in the horizontal direction, namely the infrared searching and tracking subsystem 3 and the multi-dimensional information acquisition subsystem 4 are arranged in parallel; thereafter, the multidimensional mass information processing subsystem 5 and the peripheral subsystem 6 are sequentially arranged in series and in parallel.

The accurate pointing and control subsystem 1 comprises a control circuit module 10 and a pointing mirror module 11, mainly realizes pointing and image motion compensation of the infrared search subsystem 3 and the multi-dimensional imager subsystem, keeps the stability of the system in the flight process, receives a driving signal from a servo control module, and makes corresponding action according to a computer control instruction;

the non-blocking telescope system 2 comprises two off-axis reflectors: the reflector I20 and the reflector II 21 adopt an off-axis two-mirror structure, and the primary mirror adopts a dichroic mirror in front of a focal plane of a telescopic system to separate visible-near infrared light and medium-wave infrared light;

the infrared search and tracking subsystem 3 comprises a dichroic mirror 30, a secondary imaging mirror group 31 and a refrigeration detector 32 with the working wavelength of 3.7-4.8 μm, 640 x 512 array, F/2 or F/4.6 and the pixel size of 20 μm, wherein the secondary imaging mirror group 31 and the refrigeration detector 32 are arranged in series with the same optical axis, the refrigeration detector 32 is provided with a Dewar and a cold diaphragm, and the secondary imaging lens 31 is mainly used for improving the efficiency of the cold diaphragm. The infrared search system has a large area view field, and searches for a target in a large range by a sweep scanning mode. Meanwhile, after the small-view-field high-resolution MDI is guided to work, the infrared image obtained by the infrared camera can be fused into the high-resolution MDI image to carry out image enhancement on a specific area (such as an engine area and a chimney area), so that the identification capability is improved;

the multi-dimensional information acquisition subsystem 4 comprises a reflector III 40, a front telescope system module 41, a static phase modulation system module 42, a spectrum spectral interference module 43, an imaging mirror 44 and a visible light detector 45 with the resolution of 2048 × 2048, the pixel size of 5.5 μm by 5.5 μm and the spectral response range of 300 plus 1100nm, wherein the reflector III 40, the front telescope system module 41, the static phase modulation system module 42, the spectrum spectral interference module 43, the imaging mirror 44 and the visible light detector 45 are arranged in series along the same optical axis, the front telescope system module 41 comprises an objective lens, a field diaphragm and an eyepiece, the static phase modulation module 42 and the spectrum spectral interference module 43 respectively comprise a plurality of specially designed birefringent crystals with independent intellectual property rights, and after the target light is collected and collimated by the front telescope system 41, the invention utilizes a plurality of birefringent crystals with optical axes arranged at a certain angle, the birefringent crystal static passive phase modulation module 42 is formed by special design (without rotation), and different phase delay factors are respectively and simultaneously modulated onto four Stokes vectors. So that the 4 Stokes vectors are separated in phase. 4 Stokes vectors modulated by different phase factors are subjected to birefringence spectral interference, the process is equivalent to Fourier transform, and a spectrum signal is subjected to secondary imaging mirror to form an image modulated by interference fringes on a focal plane array detector;

the multi-dimensional mass information processing subsystem 5 comprises an image acquisition module 50 and a calculation processing module 51, wherein data obtained by an image received by an imaging detector through the image acquisition module 50 enter the calculation processing module 51, and the data comprises data receiving, preprocessing denoising, interference image demodulation, aerosol influence decoupling, target/seawater intrinsic image decomposition, infrared fusion enhancement, information interpretation and identification and the like;

the peripheral subsystem 6 is used for obtaining information such as power supply, direction, airplane speed and pitching angle and artificial control instructions from the unmanned aerial vehicle, providing necessary information for the reconstruction process of the multi-dimensional large data processing system image, converting the artificial control instructions into signals of a control circuit, and converting the power supply of the unmanned aerial vehicle into the power supply which can be accepted by each subsystem.

The working process of the invention is as follows, the precise pointing and controlling subsystem 1 uses a motor to provide power for platform rotation, and the coded disc and the gyroscope feed back the rotation angle of the platform, and the received sea surface target information is subdivided into light after passing through the non-blocking telescopic subsystem 2; the multi-dimensional information acquisition subsystem 4 and the infrared search tracking subsystem 3 adopt a common-aperture telescope, then infrared band light splitting imaging is used for sea surface search general investigation, and visible-near infrared band light splitting is used for detailed investigation of an interest target. After finding an interested target by infrared search, starting a visible-near infrared multi-dimensional imager for detailed examination; the data obtained by the image acquisition module 50 of the image received by the imaging detector enters the calculation processing module 51, which includes data receiving, pre-processing denoising, interference image demodulation, aerosol influence decoupling, target/seawater intrinsic image decomposition, infrared fusion enhancement, information interpretation and identification. Constructing an entrance pupil-focal plane light field mapping mathematical model by researching the SPISPI principle, and obtaining light field distribution at the entrance pupil of the instrument corresponding to the focal plane interference modulation image based on the demodulation; establishing a target polarization spectrum characteristic aerosol coupling model by researching the interaction of the polychromatic polarized light and the turbid medium, and stripping the influence of turbid aerosols such as sea fog on the polarization spectrum characteristic based on the decoupling; constructing a target spBRDF model by researching the polarization spectrum characteristics generated by the interaction of the target and the seawater, and extracting the intrinsic polarization spectrum characteristics of the target by a recovery algorithm; by fusing infrared camera information, the infrared information is utilized to enhance the special area (an engine, a chimney, a phased array radar and the like) of the target, and the reconstruction and the enhancement of the image are carried out; the reconstruction image is interpreted by utilizing the database, the recognition power of the sea surface target is improved, the peripheral device 60 obtains information such as power supply, direction, airplane speed, pitching angle and the like and artificial control instructions from the unmanned aerial vehicle, and necessary information is provided for the reconstruction process of the multi-dimensional large data processing system image.