阅读说明：本技术 一种双向挤压制备包覆结构金属复合材料的装置及方法 (Device and method for preparing clad-structure metal composite material through bidirectional extrusion ) 是由 刘文辉 岳小明 肖明月 陈宇强 唐昌平 刘筱 宋宇峰 唐建国 周洪刚 黄浩 于 2020-12-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种双向挤压制备包覆结构金属复合材料的装置及方法,属于金属复合材料的加工技术领域,包括：固定支架、复合挤压模、挤压凸模、挤压筒、正向挤压装置和反向挤压装置,复合挤压模设置在正向挤压装置和反向挤压装置之间；复合挤压模外侧套设有安装底座,安装底座与固定支架固定连接；复合挤压模内一端设置有正向挤压凹模,另一端设置有反向挤压凹模；挤压凸模的一端与正向挤压凹模配合；挤压凸模的另一端与正向挤压装置配合；挤压筒的一端与反向挤压凹模配合；挤压筒的另一端与反向挤压装置配合。本发明通过挤压内层坯料消除坯料缺陷,生成的新金属表面,通过后续的挤压复合成形,得到了表面结合力强、材料力学性能优异的复合材料。(The invention discloses a device and a method for preparing a metal composite material with a cladding structure by bidirectional extrusion, which belong to the technical field of processing of metal composite materials and comprise the following steps: the device comprises a fixed support, a composite extrusion die, an extrusion male die, an extrusion container, a forward extrusion device and a backward extrusion device, wherein the composite extrusion die is arranged between the forward extrusion device and the backward extrusion device; the outer side of the composite extrusion die is sleeved with an installation base which is fixedly connected with the fixed support; a forward extrusion female die is arranged at one end in the composite extrusion die, and a reverse extrusion female die is arranged at the other end; one end of the extrusion male die is matched with the forward extrusion female die; the other end of the extrusion male die is matched with the forward extrusion device; one end of the extrusion container is matched with the reverse extrusion female die; the other end of the extrusion cylinder is matched with a backward extrusion device. The invention eliminates the defects of the blank by extruding the inner layer blank, generates a new metal surface, and obtains the composite material with strong surface binding force and excellent material mechanical property by subsequent extrusion composite forming.)

1. The utility model provides a device of clad structure metal composite is prepared in two-way extrusion which characterized in that includes: the device comprises a fixed support, a composite extrusion die, an extrusion male die, an extrusion container, a forward extrusion device and a backward extrusion device, wherein the composite extrusion die is arranged between the forward extrusion device and the backward extrusion device;

the outer side of the composite extrusion die is sleeved with an installation base, and the installation base is fixedly connected with the fixed support;

a forward extrusion female die is arranged at one end in the composite extrusion die, a reverse extrusion female die is arranged at the other end in the composite extrusion die, and the forward extrusion female die and the reverse extrusion female die are connected through a connecting channel;

one end of the extrusion male die is matched with the forward extrusion female die and is used for extruding the inner layer blank to form a core part of the composite material with the coating structure; the other end of the extrusion male die is matched with the forward extrusion device; one end of the extrusion container is matched with the reverse extrusion female die and is used for extruding an outer layer hollow blank to form a coating layer coated on the core part; the other end of the extrusion container is matched with the backward extrusion device.

2. The apparatus for preparing clad structure metal composite material by bi-directional extrusion as claimed in claim 1, wherein 2 sets of independent heating devices are provided on the mounting base, and are defined as a first heating device and a second heating device; the first heating device corresponds to the forward extrusion female die, and the second heating device corresponds to the backward extrusion female die.

3. The apparatus for bi-directional extrusion of clad structural metal composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diameter of the connecting channel is equal to the diameter of the hollow hole of the outer hollow blank.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the outer diameter of the container is equal to the outer diameter of the outer hollow billet, and the inner diameter of the container is equal to the outer diameter of the clad metal composite material.

5. The apparatus for preparing clad structural metal composite material by bi-directional extrusion as claimed in claim 1, wherein the extrusion punches are provided with 2 sets, which are defined as a first extrusion punch and a second extrusion punch; the outer diameter of the first extrusion male die is equal to that of the inner-layer blank, and the outer diameter of the second extrusion male die is equal to that of the connecting channel.

6. A method for preparing a cladding structure metal composite material by bidirectional extrusion is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s10, respectively placing the inner layer blank and the outer layer hollow blank into a forward extrusion female die and a reverse extrusion female die;

s20, starting the first heating device and the second heating device;

s30, operating a reverse extrusion device, compressing the outer layer hollow blank through the extrusion container, and stopping moving towards the extrusion male die;

s40, selecting a first extrusion convex die, starting the forward extrusion device to work, and extruding the inner-layer blank into the outer-layer hollow blank;

s50, when the inner layer blank extrudes the outer layer hollow blank, the reverse extrusion device moves towards the direction of the extrusion convex die, the extrusion speed of the forward extrusion blank is kept to be matched with that of the reverse extrusion blank, and the composite material is prepared by extrusion;

s60, when the inner layer blank is completely extruded into the connecting channel, the backward extrusion device and the forward extrusion device stop working at the same time, and the first extrusion male die for forward extrusion is taken out;

and S70, replacing with a second extrusion convex die, and then simultaneously operating the backward extrusion device and the forward extrusion device to keep the forward extrusion blank extrusion speed matched with the backward extrusion blank extrusion speed to complete the extrusion preparation of the cladding structure metal composite material.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of processing of metal composite materials, and particularly relates to a device and a method for preparing a metal composite material with a cladding structure by bidirectional extrusion.

Background

The metal composite material is a novel composite material prepared by utilizing a composite technology to realize firm metallurgical bonding of two or more metals with different physical, chemical and mechanical properties on an interface. The metal composite material has incomparable advantages of a single metal material, and not only can the self characteristics of the composition material be kept, but also the performances of the composition material can be complemented with each other through a composite effect by reasonable material selection and proper combination, so that the composite material obtains excellent comprehensive performance. Composite materials such as copper-clad aluminum, copper-clad steel, aluminum-clad magnesium and the like are increasingly widely applied to the fields of signal transmission, power transmission, transportation and the like.

In the prior art, the traditional rolling compression joint method and the cladding welding method have the defects of long production process flow, high cost and the like. Meanwhile, the direct compound forming method of continuous casting of the bimetallic cladding material and the direct compound forming method of horizontal continuous casting in the prior art have the defects of high investment cost, low production efficiency, large energy consumption and the like.

In addition, CN 103920734a proposes an extrusion forming mold and method in a semi-solid preparation method of an aluminum-clad magnesium composite tube, but each layer of material needs to be welded in a separate mold, and the strength is difficult to guarantee, and finally, solid-solid extrusion compounding is realized, and the interface strength is not high.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

an apparatus for preparing clad structure metal composite material by bidirectional extrusion, comprising: the device comprises a fixed support, a composite extrusion die, an extrusion male die, an extrusion container, a forward extrusion device and a backward extrusion device, wherein the composite extrusion die is arranged between the forward extrusion device and the backward extrusion device;

the outer side of the composite extrusion die is sleeved with an installation base, and the installation base is fixedly connected with the fixed support;

a forward extrusion female die is arranged at one end in the composite extrusion die, a reverse extrusion female die is arranged at the other end in the composite extrusion die, and the forward extrusion female die and the reverse extrusion female die are connected through a connecting channel;

one end of the extrusion male die is matched with the forward extrusion female die and is used for extruding the inner layer blank to form a core part of the composite material with the coating structure; the other end of the extrusion male die is matched with the forward extrusion device; one end of the extrusion container is matched with the reverse extrusion female die and is used for extruding an outer layer hollow blank to form a coating layer coated on the core part; the other end of the extrusion container is matched with the backward extrusion device.

Furthermore, 2 sets of independent heating devices are arranged on the mounting base and are set as a first heating device and a second heating device; the first heating device corresponds to the forward extrusion female die, and the second heating device corresponds to the backward extrusion female die.

Further, the diameter of the connecting channel is equal to the diameter of the hollow hole in the outer layer blank.

Further, the outer diameter of the extrusion container is equal to the outer diameter of the outer layer hollow blank, and the inner diameter of the extrusion container is equal to the outer diameter of the cladding structure metal composite material.

Further, the extrusion male dies are provided with 2 groups which are set as a first extrusion male die and a second extrusion male die; the outer diameter of the first extrusion male die is equal to that of the inner-layer blank, and the outer diameter of the second extrusion male die is equal to that of the connecting channel.

A method for preparing a cladding structure metal composite material by bidirectional extrusion comprises the following steps:

s10, respectively placing the inner layer blank and the outer layer hollow blank into a forward extrusion female die and a reverse extrusion female die;

s20, starting the first heating device and the second heating device;

s30, operating a reverse extrusion device, compressing the outer layer hollow blank through the extrusion container, and stopping moving towards the extrusion male die;

s40, selecting a first extrusion convex die, starting the forward extrusion device to work, and extruding the inner-layer blank into the outer-layer hollow blank;

s50, when the inner layer blank extrudes the outer layer hollow blank, the reverse extrusion device moves towards the direction of the extrusion convex die, the extrusion speed of the forward extrusion blank is kept to be matched with that of the reverse extrusion blank, and the composite material is prepared by extrusion;

s60, when the inner layer blank is completely extruded into the connecting channel, the backward extrusion device and the forward extrusion device stop working at the same time, and the first extrusion male die for forward extrusion is taken out;

and S70, replacing with a second extrusion convex die, and then simultaneously operating the backward extrusion device and the forward extrusion device to keep the forward extrusion blank extrusion speed matched with the backward extrusion blank extrusion speed to complete the extrusion preparation of the cladding structure metal composite material.

Has the advantages that:

1. the invention eliminates the defects of the blank by extruding the inner layer blank, simultaneously generates a new metal surface, and can obtain the composite material with strong surface bonding force and excellent material mechanical property by subsequent extrusion composite forming.

2. The method and the device for preparing the metal composite material with the cladding structure by bidirectional extrusion can be used for forming bars and non-circular blanks, such as plate materials, of the cladding structure.

3. The method for preparing the metal composite material with the cladding structure by bidirectional extrusion has the advantages of short flow, low cost, high efficiency and easy operation, and is suitable for large-scale production.

4. The device for preparing the metal composite material with the cladding structure by bidirectional extrusion has a simple structure, and can be used for forming the metal composite material with the cladding structure with different structures and sizes by replacing the composite extrusion die.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a composite extrusion die structure according to the present invention

Wherein, 1, fixing the bracket; 2. fastening screws; 3. a forward extrusion device; 4. extruding the male die; 5. performing compound extrusion die; 51. forward extruding the female die; 52. reversely extruding the female die; 6. an inner layer blank; 7. a first heating device; 8. a connecting channel; 9. an outer layer hollow blank; 10. an extrusion cylinder; 11. a second heating device; 12. installing a base; 13. and a backward extrusion device.

Detailed Description

Example 1

An apparatus for preparing clad structure metal composite material by bidirectional extrusion, comprising: the device comprises a fixed support 1, a composite extrusion die 5, an extrusion convex die 4, an extrusion container 10, a forward extrusion device 3 and a backward extrusion device 13, wherein the composite extrusion die 5 is arranged between the forward extrusion device 3 and the backward extrusion device 13.

The forward extrusion device 3 and the backward extrusion device 13 provide driving power for extrusion.

The outer side of the composite extrusion die 5 is sleeved with an installation base 12, and the installation base 12 is fixedly connected with the fixed support 1.

Wherein, the installation base 12 is fixedly connected with the compound extrusion die 5 through a fastening screw 2.

A forward extrusion female die 51 is arranged at one end in the composite extrusion die 5, a backward extrusion female die 52 is arranged at the other end, and the forward extrusion female die 51 and the backward extrusion female die 52 are connected through a connecting channel 8. Wherein, a bulge is arranged on one side of the mounting base 12 close to the reverse extrusion female die 52 and used for mounting and limiting the composite extrusion die 5.

One end of the extrusion male die 4 is matched with the forward extrusion female die 51 and is used for extruding the inner layer blank 6 to form a core part of the composite material with the coating structure; the other end of the extrusion convex die 4 is matched with the forward extrusion device 3; one end of the extrusion container 10 is matched with the reverse extrusion female die 52 and is used for extruding the outer layer hollow blank 9 to form a coating layer coated on the core part; the other end of the container 10 is fitted with a backward extrusion device 13.

The installation base 12 is provided with 2 sets of independent heating devices which are set as a first heating device 7 and a second heating device 11; wherein, the first heating device 7 is arranged corresponding to the forward extrusion concave die 51, and the second heating device 11 is arranged corresponding to the backward extrusion concave die 52.

The diameter of the connecting channel 8 is equal to the diameter of the hollow hole in the outer shell blank.

Wherein, the outer diameter of the extrusion container 10 is equal to the outer diameter of the outer layer hollow blank 9, and the inner diameter of the extrusion container 10 is equal to the outer diameter of the cladding structure metal composite material.

The extrusion male dies 4 are provided with 2 groups and are set as a first extrusion male die and a second extrusion male die; wherein the outer diameter of the first extrusion punch is equal to the outer diameter of the inner blank 6, and the outer diameter of the second extrusion punch is equal to the diameter of the connecting channel 8.

Example 2

In this embodiment, the apparatus for preparing a metal composite material with a clad structure by bidirectional extrusion provided in embodiment 1 is adopted, and the method includes the following steps:

s10, respectively placing the inner-layer blank 6 and the outer-layer hollow blank 9 into the forward extrusion female die 51 and the reverse extrusion female die 52;

s20, starting the first heating device 7 and the second heating device 11;

s30, operating the reverse extrusion device 13, compressing the outer layer hollow blank 9 through the extrusion container 10, and stopping moving towards the extrusion convex die 4;

s40, selecting a first extrusion convex die, starting the forward extrusion device 3 to work, and extruding the inner-layer blank 6 into the outer-layer hollow blank 9;

s50, when the inner layer blank 6 extrudes the outer layer hollow blank 9, the reverse extrusion device 13 moves towards the extrusion convex die 4, the extrusion speed of the forward extrusion blank is kept to be matched with that of the reverse extrusion blank, and the composite material is prepared by extrusion;

s60, when the inner layer blank 6 is completely extruded into the connecting channel 8, the reverse extrusion device 13 and the forward extrusion device 3 stop working at the same time, and the first extrusion male die for forward extrusion is taken out;

and S70, replacing a second extrusion convex die, and then simultaneously operating the backward extrusion device 13 and the forward extrusion device 3 to keep the forward extrusion blank extrusion speed matched with the backward extrusion blank extrusion speed, thereby completing the extrusion preparation of the cladding structure metal composite material.

Example 3

The embodiment is to prepare an aluminum-clad magnesium composite bar with the diameter of the magnesium alloy being 30mm and the thickness of the outer layer of the aluminum alloy being 5 mm: AZ31 magnesium alloy inner layer blank 6 is 7050 aluminum alloy outer layer hollow blank 9 with outer diameter of 90mm, inner diameter hole of 30mm and outer diameter of 60 mm.

S10, respectively placing the AZ31 magnesium alloy inner layer blank 6 with the outer diameter of 60mm and the 7050 aluminum alloy outer layer blank with the inner diameter hole of 30mm and the outer diameter of 60mm into a forward extrusion female die 51 and a reverse extrusion female die 52 in a composite extrusion die;

s20, starting the first heating device 7, and heating to 400 ℃; starting the second heating device 11, heating to 420 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 30 minutes;

s30, operating the reverse extrusion device 13, compressing the 7050 aluminum alloy outer layer blank by the extrusion cylinder 10, and stopping moving towards the extrusion male die;

s40, selecting a first extruding male die, and operating the forward extruding device 3, wherein the first extruding male die has the speed of V_{Is just}The speed of AZ31 magnesium alloy inner layer blank 6 is extruded into the outer layer hollow blank 9;

s50, when the inner layer metal billet extrudes the outer layer hollow billet 9, the extrusion container 10 has the speed V_{Inverse direction}Moving in the direction of the first extrusion punch, V_{Is just}/V_{Inverse direction}0.43, forward extrusion billet AZ31 magnesium alloy extrusion speed and backward extrusion7050 the aluminum alloy blanks are extruded at a speed matched with each other to prepare the composite material;

s60, when the magnesium alloy inner layer blank 6 is completely extruded into the connecting channel 8, the backward extrusion device 13 and the forward extrusion device 3 stop working at the same time, and the first extrusion male die for forward extrusion is taken out;

s70, after the second extrusion convex die is replaced, the backward extrusion device 13 and the forward extrusion device 3 work simultaneously, and V_{Is just}/V_{Inverse direction}3.86, the extrusion speed of the forward extrusion billet AZ31 magnesium alloy is matched with that of the backward extrusion 7050 aluminum alloy billet, and the extrusion of the cladding structure metal composite material is completed.

Example 4

The embodiment is to prepare an aluminum-clad magnesium composite bar with the diameter of the magnesium alloy being 30mm and the thickness of the outer layer of the aluminum alloy being 3 mm: AZ31 magnesium alloy inner layer blank 6 is 7055 aluminum alloy outer layer hollow blank 9 with outer diameter of 90mm, inner diameter hole of 30mm and outer diameter of 60 mm.

S10, respectively placing an inner layer blank 6 of AZ31 magnesium alloy with the outer diameter of 60mm and an outer layer blank of 7055 aluminum alloy with the inner diameter hole of 30mm and the outer diameter of 60mm into a forward extrusion female die 51 and a reverse extrusion female die 52 in a composite extrusion die;

s20, starting the first heating device 7 of the heating device, and heating to 400 ℃; starting the second heating device 11, heating to 420 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 30 minutes;

s30, operating the reverse extrusion device 13, compressing the 7055 aluminum alloy outer layer blank by the extrusion cylinder 10, and stopping moving towards the extrusion male die;

s40, selecting a first extruding male die, and operating the forward extruding device 3, wherein the first extruding male die has the speed of V_{Is just}The speed of AZ31 magnesium alloy inner layer blank 6 is extruded into the outer layer hollow blank 9;

s50, when the inner layer metal billet extrudes the outer layer hollow billet 9, the extrusion container 10 has the speed V_{Inverse direction}Moving in the direction of the first extrusion punch, V_{Is just}/V_{Inverse direction}Matching the extrusion speed of the forward extrusion billet AZ31 magnesium alloy with the extrusion speed of the backward extrusion billet 7055 aluminum alloy, and extruding to prepare the composite material;

s60, when the magnesium alloy inner layer blank 6 is completely extruded into the connecting channel 8, the backward extrusion device 13 and the forward extrusion device 3 stop working at the same time, and the first extrusion male die for forward extrusion is taken out;

s70, after the second extrusion convex die is replaced, the backward extrusion device 13 and the forward extrusion device 3 work simultaneously, and V_{Is just}/V_{Inverse direction}6.82, the extrusion speed of the forward extrusion billet AZ31 magnesium alloy is matched with that of the backward extrusion billet 7055 aluminum alloy, and the extrusion of the cladding structure metal composite material is completed.

Example 5

The embodiment is to prepare an aluminum-clad magnesium composite bar with the diameter of the magnesium alloy being 30mm and the thickness of the outer layer of the aluminum alloy being 3 mm: the AZ31 magnesium alloy inner layer blank 6 is an outer layer hollow blank 9 of 7N01 aluminum alloy with the outer diameter of 90mm, the inner diameter hole of 30mm and the outer diameter of 80 mm.

S10, respectively placing an inner layer blank 6 of AZ31 magnesium alloy with the outer diameter of 60mm and an outer layer blank of 7N01 aluminum alloy with the inner diameter hole of 30mm and the outer diameter of 60mm into a forward extrusion female die 51 and a reverse extrusion female die 52 in a composite extrusion die;

s20, starting the first heating device 7, and heating to 400 ℃; starting the second heating device 11, heating to 420 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 30 minutes;

s30, operating the reverse extrusion device 13, pressing the 7N01 aluminum alloy outer layer blank through the extrusion container 10, and stopping moving towards the extrusion male die;

s40, selecting a first extruding male die, and operating the forward extruding device 3, wherein the first extruding male die has the speed of V_{Is just}At a speed of at least about 6, extruding an inner billet 6 of AZ31 magnesium alloy into an outer hollow billet 9;

s50, when the inner layer metal billet extrudes the outer layer hollow billet 9, the extrusion container 10 has the speed V_{Inverse direction}Moving in the direction of the first extrusion punch, V_{Is just}/V_{Inverse direction}1.54, matching the extrusion speed of the forward extrusion billet AZ31 magnesium alloy with the extrusion speed of the backward extrusion billet of 7N01 aluminum alloy, and extruding to prepare a composite material;

s60, when the magnesium alloy inner layer blank 6 is completely extruded into the connecting channel 8, the backward extrusion device 13 and the forward extrusion device 3 stop working at the same time, and the first extrusion male die for forward extrusion is taken out;

s70, after the second extrusion convex die is replaced, the backward extrusion device 13 and the forward extrusion device 3 work simultaneously, and V_{Is just}/V_{Inverse direction}13.89, matching the extrusion speed of the forward extrusion billet AZ31 magnesium alloy with that of the backward extrusion billet of 7N01 aluminum alloy, and finishing the extrusion of the cladding structure metal composite material.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the technical scope of the present invention, so that any minor modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the technical scope of the present invention.