阅读说明：本技术 一种农村厨余垃圾覆膜好氧发酵联合蚯蚓堆肥的处理方法 (Treatment method for combining film-covering aerobic fermentation of rural kitchen waste with earthworm composting ) 是由 聂世勇 李亚光 李弘� 孟格蕾 王彬郦 郑蕾蕾 向亚玲 许佳琳 李艳华 陈范模 于 2021-03-10 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种农村厨余垃圾覆膜好氧发酵联合蚯蚓堆肥的处理方法,包括厨余垃圾机械式预处理、覆膜好氧发酵处理、蚯蚓堆肥处理。本发明一种农村厨余垃圾覆膜好氧发酵联合蚯蚓堆肥处理方法,遵循垃圾“减量化、无害化、资源化”原则,将厨余垃圾进行机械式预处理、覆膜好氧发酵处理、蚯蚓堆肥处理等多种技术联合处置,从而将农村厨余垃圾和适量的农业废弃物转化为有机介质—蚯蚓粪。该方法弥补了厨余垃圾单一处理技术的不足,解决了厨余垃圾直接好氧堆肥造成土壤盐碱化和产生臭气污染等环境问题,缩短了厨余垃圾处理周期,处理过程中也消纳了农业废弃物,减轻了农村环境整治工作压力。同时,最后转化的蚯蚓粪可用作土壤改良,减少了化肥的使用量,有效提高土壤肥力,解决了农业生产中的土壤板结、养分含量低等问题。(The invention provides a treatment method for combining film-covering aerobic fermentation of rural kitchen waste with earthworm composting, which comprises mechanical pretreatment of the kitchen waste, film-covering aerobic fermentation treatment and earthworm composting treatment. The invention relates to a method for treating rural kitchen waste by combining film-covering aerobic fermentation with earthworm composting, which combines a plurality of technologies such as mechanical pretreatment, film-covering aerobic fermentation treatment, earthworm composting treatment and the like on the kitchen waste according to the principle of reduction, harmlessness and recycling of the waste, thereby converting the rural kitchen waste and a proper amount of agricultural waste into an organic medium namely earthworm cast. The method makes up the defects of a single treatment technology of the kitchen waste, solves the environmental problems of soil salinization, odor pollution and the like caused by direct aerobic composting of the kitchen waste, shortens the treatment period of the kitchen waste, consumes agricultural wastes in the treatment process, and reduces the working pressure of rural environment remediation. Meanwhile, the finally converted wormcast can be used for soil improvement, so that the using amount of a chemical fertilizer is reduced, the soil fertility is effectively improved, and the problems of soil hardening, low nutrient content and the like in agricultural production are solved.)

1. A treatment method for rural kitchen waste by combining film-covering aerobic fermentation with earthworm composting is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises three steps of kitchen waste pretreatment, film-covering aerobic fermentation treatment, earthworm composting treatment and the like, and specifically comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: mechanically pretreating kitchen garbage: and crushing, deoiling, desalting and carrying out solid-liquid separation on the collected rural kitchen waste. And treating the separated liquid with wastewater, and recycling the liquid after reaching the standard.

Step two: film covering aerobic fermentation treatment: mixing the solid separated in the step one with the crushed agricultural waste, wherein the mass ratio of the separated solid to the crushed agricultural waste is 5-9: the method comprises the following steps of 1, paving materials into a strip stack type, adjusting the water content of a mixed material and adding a fermentation microbial inoculum, wherein the water content of the mixed material is 50% -65%, covering a fermentation film on the surface of a stack body, setting the ventilation quantity of a fan introduced into the stack body, and ensuring that the material fermentation process is not influenced by external conditions to obtain a fermentation product.

Step three: earthworm composting treatment: earthworms and auxiliary materials are added into the fermentation product obtained in the second step, and earthworm manure is produced through earthworm conversion, can be used as a soil improvement medium, improves the nutrient content in soil, improves the pore structure of the soil, and reduces the usage amount of chemical fertilizers in the agricultural production process.

2. The rural kitchen waste film-covering aerobic fermentation combined earthworm composting treatment method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the kitchen garbage in the step one comprises leftovers, waste vegetable leaves, fruit peels and the like.

3. The rural kitchen waste film-covering aerobic fermentation combined earthworm composting treatment method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, the oxygen concentration of the compost in the aerobic compost is controlled to be 14 to 17 percentThe ventilation quantity of the stack body in the running direction of the fan is controlled to be 0.02m³·m^-3·min^-1～0.05m³·m^-3·min^-1。

4. The rural kitchen waste film-covering aerobic fermentation combined earthworm composting treatment method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: and the solid separated in the step two is residue containing rich organic matters, the agricultural wastes are plant fibrous wastes such as straws, vines and dead branches, the agricultural wastes are crushed to have the particle size of less than 3mm, and then the crushed agricultural wastes are mixed with kitchen waste residue.

5. The rural kitchen waste film-covering aerobic fermentation combined earthworm composting treatment method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: and the fermentation bacterium agent in the step two is solid powder, is dissolved in water according to a proportion, is sprayed into a fermentation pile, and is turned uniformly. The microbial inoculum comprises actinomycetes, bacillus subtilis, filamentous fungi, saccharomycetes, aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae and the like.

6. The rural kitchen waste film-covering aerobic fermentation combined earthworm composting treatment method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the fermentation product in the second step comprises organic acid, sugar, alcohol, amino acid and the like.

7. The rural kitchen waste film-covering aerobic fermentation combined earthworm composting treatment method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the auxiliary materials added in the third step are one or more of brown sugar, pineapple essence and citric acid, and are used for improving the adaptability of the earthworms to the environment and materials.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of rural kitchen waste treatment, in particular to a treatment method combining film-covering aerobic fermentation of rural kitchen waste with earthworm composting.

Background

With the implementation of the village happiness policy in China, the development of urbanization also changes the life style of the rural areas. After the household garbage classification is carried out, the generation amount of the rural kitchen garbage rises sharply. The kitchen waste has the characteristics of high water content, high organic matter content, easy decay and the like. If the kitchen waste is not treated in time, the surrounding environment and the health of residents are seriously influenced. At present, conventional methods for disposing kitchen waste include landfill, incineration, aerobic composting, anaerobic fermentation, and the like. The landfill method is to degrade the kitchen garbage after landfill through the microbial flora in the soil, but soil pollution is easy to cause, the treatment process of the generated percolate is complex, and the requirement of green environmental protection is difficult to meet. The incineration method decomposes garbage at a high temperature and converts the garbage into electric energy by using recovered heat energy, but the investment cost of a treatment device is high, and toxic and harmful gases are generated to cause air pollution. The aerobic composting method is to convert kitchen garbage into organic fertilizer by utilizing the degradation of aerobic microorganisms, but has long composting period and is easy to cause salinization of a composting site. The anaerobic fermentation method is used for carrying out sealed anaerobic treatment on kitchen garbage, and methane obtained by separation and purification is used for power generation, and the anaerobic treatment process has harsh conditions and complex operation flow.

The principle of earthworm composting is that earthworms mineralize and decompose organic matters through in-vivo microbial enzymes, and the produced earthworm feces are used as organic media and can effectively improve the physical and chemical properties and the pore structure of soil after being applied. The earthworm composting treatment of organic waste has the characteristics of short period, simple and convenient operation, environmental friendliness and the like, and according to the growth characteristics of earthworms, the conditions suitable for the growth of the earthworms are that the temperature is 5-30 ℃, the humidity is 60-70 percent, the pH is 6-8, and rotten organic waste is eaten.

The method for treating the rural kitchen waste by the conventional method has the defects of environmental protection, construction cost and treatment period, and is difficult to realize the efficient utilization of the rural kitchen waste. Therefore, by combining the current situation of treatment of kitchen waste in rural areas in China and comprehensively utilizing the advantages of the prior art, a multi-mode combined treatment process is needed to realize resource recycling of the kitchen waste.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a treatment method for combining film-covering aerobic fermentation of rural kitchen waste with earthworm composting, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.

The technical problem solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: a treatment method for rural kitchen waste by combining film-covering aerobic fermentation with earthworm composting comprises three steps of kitchen waste pretreatment, film-covering aerobic fermentation treatment, earthworm composting treatment and the like, and specifically comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: mechanically pretreating kitchen garbage: and crushing, deoiling, desalting and carrying out solid-liquid separation on the collected rural kitchen waste. And treating the separated liquid with wastewater, and recycling the liquid after reaching the standard.

Step two: film covering aerobic fermentation treatment: mixing the solid separated in the step one with the crushed agricultural waste, wherein the mass ratio of the separated solid to the crushed agricultural waste is 5-9: 1, paving the materials into a strip stack type, adjusting the water content of the mixed materials and adding a fermentation microbial inoculum. Wherein, cover fermentation membrane on the heap body surface, set up the ventilation volume that the fan lets in the heap body, the material fermentation process of assurance not influenced by external conditions, obtain the fermentation product.

Step three: earthworm composting treatment: and D, stacking the fermentation product obtained in the step two, adding earthworms and auxiliary materials, and adjusting the water content of the base material. The earthworm cast is produced through earthworm conversion, and can be used as a soil improvement medium, so that the nutrient content in soil is increased, the pore structure of the soil is improved, and the usage amount of a chemical fertilizer in the agricultural production process is reduced.

Preferably, the kitchen waste in the first step includes leftovers, waste vegetable leaves, fruit peels and the like.

Preferably, in the second step, the oxygen concentration of the compost in the aerobic composting is controlled to be 14-17%, and the ventilation rate of the operation of the fan to the compost is controlled to be 0.02m³·m^-3·min^-1～0.05m³·m^-3·min^-1。

Preferably, the solid separated in the second step is a residue containing rich organic matters, the agricultural waste is generally plant fibrous waste such as straw, vines, dead branches, and the like, the agricultural waste is crushed to a particle size of less than 3mm, and the crushed agricultural waste is mixed with the kitchen waste residue.

Preferably, the fermentation bacteria agent in the second step is solid powder, is dissolved in water according to a certain proportion and then is sprayed into a fermentation pile, and the pile is turned uniformly. The microbial inoculum comprises actinomycetes, bacillus subtilis, filamentous fungi, saccharomycetes, aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae and the like.

Preferably, the fermentation product in step two comprises organic acid, saccharide, alcohol, amino acid, etc.

Preferably, the auxiliary materials added in the third step are one or more of brown sugar, pineapple essence and citric acid, and are used for improving the adaptability of the earthworms to the environment and materials.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention combines various rural kitchen waste treatment technologies, and compared with a single treatment process, the rural kitchen waste film-covering aerobic fermentation and earthworm composting treatment method provided by the invention has the following advantages that the mechanical pretreatment, film-covering aerobic fermentation and earthworm composting treatment combined method is adopted:

the mechanical pretreatment of the kitchen waste can achieve the purposes of deoiling and desalting, and avoid the phenomenon of soil salinization caused by aerobic fermentation treatment or the phenomenon of earthworm death caused by the treatment environment containing oil and salt during earthworm composting;

secondly, the pre-treatment of covering film aerobic fermentation mixes the crushed agricultural wastes with the kitchen garbage residues, can effectively adjust the water content of the mixed materials, and the addition of the agricultural wastes can keep enough air permeability of the pile body, thereby being beneficial to aerobic fermentation. Meanwhile, the film-covered aerobic fermentation reduces odor pollution in the fermentation process, and the temperature of the stack body is raised in a short time to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms in the materials;

and thirdly, the earthworm composting treatment converts the mixed materials into earthworm cast, thereby realizing the resource recycling of kitchen garbage and agricultural wastes. The wormcast is used as an organic soil improvement medium to replace a chemical fertilizer to be applied to soil, so that the using amount of the chemical fertilizer is reduced, and soil hardening is prevented;

and fourthly, the method follows the green development concept, makes up for the defect of a single treatment process, reduces the risk of environmental pollution caused by the kitchen waste in the treatment process, obviously improves the waste recycling efficiency, generates the wormcast with better ecological and economic benefits, and changes the kitchen waste and the agricultural waste into valuable.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements.

Example 1

As shown in figure 1, the treatment method for rural kitchen waste by combining film-covering aerobic fermentation with earthworm composting comprises three steps of kitchen waste pretreatment, film-covering aerobic fermentation treatment, earthworm composting and the like, and specifically comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: mechanically pretreating kitchen garbage: and crushing, deoiling, desalting and carrying out solid-liquid separation on the collected rural kitchen waste, and carrying out wastewater treatment on the separated liquid to be reused after reaching the standard.

Wherein, the separated grease is collected in the process of desalting and deoiling, and is converted into biodiesel or washing products and the like through reprocessing. The salt-containing wastewater is subjected to advanced treatment, and the purified circulating water can be used in an aerobic fermentation process and an earthworm composting process.

Step two: film covering aerobic fermentation treatment: mixing the solid separated in the step one with the crushed agricultural wastes, paving the mixture into a strip stack type, adjusting the water content of the mixed material, adding a fermentation microbial inoculum, covering a fermentation film on the surface of the stack, and setting the ventilation quantity of a fan introduced into the stack to ensure that the material fermentation process is not influenced by external conditions to obtain a fermentation product.

Wherein the mass ratio of the kitchen garbage residues to the agricultural wastes is 5-9: 1, and when the water content of the mixed material is 50-65%, aerobic composting conditions are achieved.

The oxygen concentration of the pile in the aerobic compost is controlled to be 14-17 percent, and the ventilation of the pile is mainly controlled by a fan. In the test process, the fan is led into the stack bodyThe air quantity is controlled to be 0.02m³·m^-3·min^-1～0.05m³·m^-3·min^-1。

The material pile is in a strip pile type, and the surface of the material pile is covered with an aerobic fermentation film. The fermentation product mainly comprises organic acid, saccharide, alcohol, amino acid, etc.

Step three: earthworm composting treatment: and D, stacking the fermentation product obtained in the step two, and adding earthworms and auxiliary materials. Wherein the earthworm feeding density is 1.6kg/m²The auxiliary materials are one or more of brown sugar, pineapple essence and citric acid, and are blended and dissolved with water according to the mass ratio of 1:1000, and then the mixture is uniformly sprayed on the base material. The earthworm cast is produced through earthworm conversion, and can be used as a soil improvement medium, so that the nutrient content in soil is increased, the pore structure of the soil is improved, and the usage amount of a chemical fertilizer in the agricultural production process is reduced.

Example 2

As shown in figure 1, the treatment method for rural kitchen waste by combining film-covering aerobic fermentation with earthworm composting comprises three steps of kitchen waste pretreatment, film-covering aerobic fermentation treatment, earthworm composting and the like, and specifically comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: mechanically pretreating kitchen garbage: and crushing, deoiling, desalting and carrying out solid-liquid separation on the collected rural kitchen waste. And treating the separated liquid with wastewater, and recycling the liquid after reaching the standard.

Wherein, the separated grease is collected in the process of desalting and deoiling, and is reprocessed to be converted into biodiesel or washing products and the like. The salt-containing wastewater is subjected to advanced treatment, and the purified circulating water can be used in an aerobic fermentation process and an earthworm composting process, so that the water resource consumption is saved.

Step two: film covering aerobic fermentation treatment: mixing the solid separated in the step one with the crushed agricultural waste to obtain a mixture, paving the mixture into a strip stack type, adjusting the water content of the mixed material, adding a fermentation microbial inoculum, covering a fermentation film on the surface of the stack body, setting the oxygen concentration of the stack body in aerobic composting, the ventilation amount of the fan to the stack body in operation and the like, ensuring that the material fermentation process is not influenced by external conditions, and obtaining a fermentation product.

Wherein, when the mass ratio of the kitchen garbage residue to the agricultural waste is 5:1 and the water content of the mixed material is 55% +/-3%, the aerobic composting condition is achieved.

The oxygen concentration of the compost in the aerobic compost is controlled at 14 percent, and the ventilation of the compost is mainly controlled by a fan. In the test process, the ventilation rate of the stack body from the operation of the fan is controlled to be 0.02m³·m^-3·min^-1。

The material pile is in a strip pile type, and the surface of the material pile is covered with an aerobic fermentation film. The fermentation product mainly comprises organic acid, saccharide, alcohol, amino acid, etc.

Step three: earthworm composting treatment: and D, stacking the fermentation product obtained in the step two, and adding earthworms and auxiliary materials. Wherein the earthworm feeding density is 1.6kg/m²The auxiliary materials are one or more of brown sugar, pineapple essence and citric acid, and are blended and dissolved with water according to the mass ratio of 1:1000, and then the mixture is uniformly sprayed on the base material. The earthworm cast is produced through earthworm conversion, and can be used as a soil improvement medium, so that the nutrient content in soil is increased, the pore structure of the soil is improved, and the usage amount of a chemical fertilizer in the agricultural production process is reduced.

Example 3

As shown in figure 1, the treatment method for rural kitchen waste by combining film-covering aerobic fermentation with earthworm composting comprises three steps of kitchen waste pretreatment, film-covering aerobic fermentation treatment, earthworm composting and the like, and specifically comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: mechanically pretreating kitchen garbage: and crushing, deoiling, desalting and carrying out solid-liquid separation on the collected rural kitchen waste. And treating the separated liquid with wastewater, and recycling the liquid after reaching the standard.

Wherein, the separated grease is collected in the process of desalting and deoiling, and is reprocessed to be converted into biodiesel or washing products and the like. The salt-containing wastewater is subjected to advanced treatment, and the purified circulating water can be used in an aerobic fermentation process and an earthworm composting process, so that the water resource consumption is saved.

Step two: film covering aerobic fermentation treatment: mixing the solid separated in the step one with the crushed agricultural waste to obtain a mixture, paving the mixture into a strip pile type, adjusting the water content of the mixed material, adding a fermentation microbial inoculum, covering a fermentation film on the surface of the pile body, setting the oxygen concentration of the pile body in aerobic composting, the ventilation amount of a fan introduced into the pile body and the like, ensuring that the material fermentation process is not influenced by external conditions, and obtaining a fermentation product.

Wherein the mass ratio of the kitchen garbage residues to the agricultural wastes is 7:1, and when the water content of the mixed material is 60 +/-3%, the aerobic composting condition is achieved.

The oxygen concentration of the compost in the aerobic compost is controlled at 15.5 percent, and the ventilation of the compost is mainly controlled by a fan. In the test process, the ventilation quantity of the fan introduced into the stack body is controlled to be 0.03m³·m^-3·min^-1。

The material pile is in a strip pile type, and the surface of the material pile is covered with an aerobic fermentation film. The fermentation product mainly comprises organic acid, saccharide, alcohol, amino acid, etc.

Step three: earthworm composting treatment: and D, stacking the fermentation product obtained in the step two, and adding earthworms and auxiliary materials. Wherein the earthworm feeding density is 1.6kg/m²The auxiliary materials are one or more of brown sugar, pineapple essence and citric acid, and are blended and dissolved with water according to the mass ratio of 1:1000, and then the mixture is uniformly sprayed on the base material. The earthworm cast is produced through earthworm conversion, and can be used as a soil improvement medium, so that the nutrient content in soil is increased, the pore structure of the soil is improved, and the usage amount of a chemical fertilizer in the agricultural production process is reduced.

Example 4

As shown in figure 1, the treatment method for rural kitchen waste by combining film-covering aerobic fermentation with earthworm composting comprises three steps of kitchen waste pretreatment, film-covering aerobic fermentation treatment, earthworm composting and the like, and specifically comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: mechanically pretreating kitchen garbage: and crushing, deoiling, desalting and carrying out solid-liquid separation on the collected rural kitchen waste. And treating the separated liquid with wastewater, and recycling the liquid after reaching the standard.

Wherein, the separated grease is collected in the process of desalting and deoiling, and is reprocessed to be converted into biodiesel or washing products and the like. The salt-containing wastewater is subjected to advanced treatment, and the purified circulating water can be used in an aerobic fermentation process and an earthworm composting process, so that the water resource consumption is saved.

Step two: film covering aerobic fermentation treatment: mixing the solid separated in the step one with the crushed agricultural waste to obtain a mixture, paving the mixture into a strip stack type, adjusting the water content of the mixed material, adding a fermentation microbial inoculum, covering a fermentation film on the surface of the stack body, setting the oxygen concentration of the stack body in aerobic composting, the ventilation amount of the fan to the stack body in operation and the like, ensuring that the material fermentation process is not influenced by external conditions, and obtaining a fermentation product.

Wherein the mass ratio of the kitchen garbage residues to the agricultural wastes is 9:1, and when the water content of the mixed material is 65 +/-3%, the aerobic composting condition is achieved.

The oxygen concentration of the compost in the aerobic compost is controlled at 17 percent, and the ventilation of the compost is mainly controlled by a fan. In the test process, the ventilation rate of the fan to the stack is controlled to be 0.05m 3-m-3-min-1.

The material pile is in a strip pile type, and the surface of the material pile is covered with an aerobic fermentation film. The fermentation product mainly comprises organic acid, saccharide, alcohol, amino acid, etc.

Step three: earthworm composting treatment: and D, stacking the fermentation product obtained in the step two, and adding earthworms and auxiliary materials. Wherein the earthworm feeding density is 1.6kg/m²The auxiliary materials are one or more of brown sugar, pineapple essence and citric acid, and are blended and dissolved with water according to the mass ratio of 1:1000, and then the mixture is uniformly sprayed on the base material. The earthworm cast is produced through earthworm conversion, and can be used as a soil improvement medium, so that the nutrient content in soil is increased, the pore structure of the soil is improved, and the usage amount of a chemical fertilizer in the agricultural production process is reduced.

The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.