阅读说明：本技术 风电机组齿轮箱弹性支撑减振效果监测装置及监测方法 (Device and method for monitoring vibration reduction effect of elastic support of wind turbine generator gearbox ) 是由 蔡安民 蔺雪峰 焦冲 李媛 林伟荣 许扬 于 2021-01-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了风电机组齿轮箱弹性支撑减振效果监测装置及监测方法,属于风电机组状态监测技术领域,根据齿轮箱的振动特点及弹性支撑的隔振规律设计,对采集的信号进行滤波处理,分频段监测,确保监测的全面,可通过对采集的信号进行滤波和分频段处理确保监测的有效性,有针对性地分频段对振动有效值进行对比,从而掌握弹性支撑的运行状态,从而对减振效果作出有效计算,掌握弹性支撑的运行状态。计算所涉及的参数变量较少,能够大大减少计算误差,提高鲁棒性；可以在线实时监测齿轮箱弹性支持的运行状态,防止因弹性支撑失效对机组造成的损伤,实现“预测性维护”的功能,保障机组安全稳定运行。(The invention discloses a device and a method for monitoring the vibration attenuation effect of an elastic support of a gearbox of a wind turbine generator, belonging to the technical field of state monitoring of the wind turbine generator. The parameter variables involved in calculation are few, so that the calculation error can be greatly reduced, and the robustness is improved; the running state of the elastic support of the gear box can be monitored in real time on line, damage to the unit due to failure of the elastic support is prevented, the function of predictive maintenance is realized, and the safe and stable running of the unit is guaranteed.)

1. A wind turbine generator gearbox elastic support vibration attenuation effect monitoring device comprises a gearbox rack (5) and a gearbox (7), wherein a torsion arm is installed on the gearbox (7), elastic supports (6) are respectively and vertically installed at the bottoms of the two ends of the torsion arm, one end of each elastic support (6) is installed on the gearbox rack (5), and the other end of each elastic support is connected with the bottom surface of the torsion arm, and is characterized in that the wind turbine generator gearbox elastic support vibration attenuation effect monitoring device comprises a plurality of vibration acceleration sensors, a vibration acceleration sensor is respectively installed at each of the two ends of the upper surface of the torsion arm and is respectively a first vibration acceleration sensor (1) and a second vibration acceleration sensor (2), a vibration acceleration sensor is respectively installed at each of the two ends of the gearbox rack (5) and is respectively a third vibration acceleration sensor (3) and a fourth vibration acceleration sensor (4), the third vibration acceleration sensor (3) is positioned right below the first vibration acceleration sensor (1), and the fourth vibration acceleration sensor (4) is positioned right below the second vibration acceleration sensor (2).

2. A monitoring method of the wind turbine generator gearbox elastic support vibration attenuation effect monitoring device based on the claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1: collecting signals of a first vibration acceleration sensor (1) and a second vibration acceleration sensor (2) to obtain vibration acceleration data on the torsion arm; collecting signals of a third vibration acceleration sensor (3) and a fourth vibration acceleration sensor (4) to obtain vibration acceleration data of a gearbox rack; calculating a vibration effective value according to the vibration acceleration data on the torsion arm and the vibration acceleration data of the gearbox frame, and calculating the vibration isolation rate according to the calculation result of the vibration effective value;

s2: comparing the vibration isolation rate of S1 with a preset vibration isolation rate threshold value to obtain a vibration reduction effect; and alarming when the vibration isolation rate calculation result exceeds a vibration isolation rate threshold value.

3. The monitoring method according to claim 2, wherein in the process of collecting the signals of the group of vibration acceleration sensors at S1, data of yaw wind-to-wind period of the wind turbine are rejected.

4. The monitoring method according to claim 2, wherein before calculating the vibration effective value in S1, the method includes performing band-pass filtering on the collected signals of the first vibration acceleration sensor (1), the second vibration acceleration sensor (2), the third vibration acceleration sensor (3) and the fourth vibration acceleration sensor (4), respectively.

5. The monitoring method according to claim 2, wherein the specific process of S1 includes:

step 21), setting two-stage high-frequency section meshing frequencies of the wind turbine generator in a grid-connected rotating speed period as a first-stage high-frequency section meshing frequency Fg1 and a second-stage high-frequency section meshing frequency Fg2 respectively, and setting two monitoring frequency sections as a first monitoring frequency section [ Fg1-20, Fr1+20] and a second monitoring frequency section [ Fg2-20, Fr2+20] respectively when the two-stage high-frequency section meshing frequencies in a rated rotating speed period are a first-stage high-frequency section meshing frequency Fr1 and a second-stage high-frequency section meshing frequency Fr2 respectively;

step 22), performing band-pass filtering on signals of the four vibration acceleration sensors in an acquisition time period T0 respectively to obtain signals in a first monitoring frequency band [ Fg1-20, Fr1+20] and signals in a second monitoring frequency band [ Fg2-20, Fr2+20 ];

step 23), calculating a vibration effective value:

wherein, RV (p)_sig(q)The vibration effective value is calculated according to the signals of the p-th vibration acceleration sensor in the q-th monitoring frequency band, p belongs to {1,2,3,4}, q belongs to {1,2}, and N represents the vibration in the acquisition time period T0Number of dynamic acceleration data, V (p)_iRepresents the ith vibration acceleration data acquired within the acquisition period T0;

step 24), calculating the vibration isolation rate:

in the formula, eta (q)_LRepresenting the vibration isolation rate of the elastic support of the left torsion arm of the gearbox obtained by the signal of the qth monitoring frequency band; eta (q)_RAnd (3) representing the vibration isolation rate of the elastic support of the right torsion arm of the gearbox obtained by the signal of the q-th monitoring frequency band.

6. The method for monitoring as claimed in claim 2, wherein the threshold vibration isolation rate of step S2 includes a first threshold vibration isolation rate η₁And a second vibration isolation rate threshold η₂Eta (1) to be measured in real time_LAnd eta (1)_RRespectively with a first vibration isolation threshold eta₁Comparing, will eta (2)_LAnd eta (2)_RRespectively with a second vibration isolation rate threshold eta₂And comparing, and sending out an alarm when one item exceeds the range.

7. The monitoring method according to claim 2, characterized in that the sampling frequency of the first vibration acceleration sensor (1), the second vibration acceleration sensor (2), the third vibration acceleration sensor (3) and the fourth vibration acceleration sensor (4) is not lower than 2.5 times the highest meshing frequency.

8. The monitoring method according to claim 2, characterized in that the sampling frequency of the first vibration acceleration sensor (1), the second vibration acceleration sensor (2), the third vibration acceleration sensor (3) and the fourth vibration acceleration sensor (4) are all 3000 Hz.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of wind turbine generator state monitoring, and relates to a device and a method for monitoring the vibration reduction effect of an elastic support of a gearbox of a wind turbine generator.

Background

The elastic support plays two main roles in the wind generating set: firstly, the supporting gear box bears the load of the wind turbine generator, and the rigidity of the supporting gear box is required to meet the requirement that the elastic support does not exceed a certain deformation amount when the wind turbine generator operates, so that the stability of the operation of the wind turbine generator is ensured; and secondly, vibration reduction and isolation are realized, and a spring-damping system formed by elastic supports reduces the impact on the rack in the running process of the gear box, thereby playing a role in protecting the unit. With the increase of the running time of the unit, the aging phenomenon of parts can occur, the elastic support plays an important protection role for the rack, and the safe and stable running of the unit is seriously influenced by the normal vibration isolation effect. The wind power gear box has the following vibration characteristics: firstly, vibration energy is mainly concentrated at the meshing frequencies of the stages, and if vibration damping can be effectively carried out on the frequencies, elastic support is effective; and secondly, the working range is between the grid-connected rotating speed and the rated rotating speed (the grid-connected rotating speed < the rated rotating speed). Vibration isolation rule of elastic support: the vibration isolation structure has good vibration isolation effect on high frequency, is insensitive to low frequency, and is mainly damaged by high frequency vibration on a rack.

At present, whether an elastic support of a gearbox of a wind turbine generator fails or not is monitored, a displacement sensor is additionally arranged on a torsion arm of the gearbox, the displacement of the torsion arm is monitored, namely the deformation of the elastic support is monitored, then, the torque is calculated according to the power and the rotating speed of the generator, further, the force on the torsion arm is calculated according to the relation between the torque and the force arm, finally, the rigidity of the elastic support is reversely deduced according to the relation among the rigidity, the displacement and the stress of an elastic body, and the rigidity is compared with the designed rigidity to evaluate whether the elastic support fails or not. The operation of the wind turbine generator is easily influenced by wind conditions, and most of the operation parameters of the wind turbine generator are non-stable and non-linear, so that the condition of large calculation error is easily generated by sampling the method, and the actual evaluation is influenced. In addition, when the rigidity of the elastic support is detected to be in a problem from the displacement change, the elastic support is damaged to a certain degree and has a certain delay.

Therefore, a method for monitoring the elastic support vibration isolation effect of the gearbox of the wind turbine generator is urgently needed to be developed so as to ensure the safe and stable operation of the wind turbine generator.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects that the method for monitoring the elastic support of the gearbox of the wind turbine generator set in the prior art has larger calculation error and certain delay, and provides a device and a method for monitoring the vibration reduction effect of the elastic support of the gearbox of the wind turbine generator set.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:

a wind turbine generator gearbox elastic support vibration attenuation effect monitoring device comprises a gearbox rack and a gearbox, wherein a torsion arm is installed on the gearbox, elastic supports are vertically installed at the bottoms of two ends of the torsion arm respectively, one end of each elastic support is installed on the gearbox rack, the other end of each elastic support is connected with the bottom surface of the torsion arm, the wind turbine generator gearbox elastic support vibration attenuation effect monitoring device comprises a plurality of vibration acceleration sensors, a vibration acceleration sensor, a first vibration acceleration sensor and a second vibration acceleration sensor are installed at two ends of the upper surface of the torsion arm respectively, a vibration acceleration sensor, a third vibration acceleration sensor and a fourth vibration acceleration sensor are installed at two ends of the gearbox rack respectively, the third vibration acceleration sensor is located under the first vibration acceleration sensor, the fourth vibration acceleration sensor is located directly below the second vibration acceleration sensor.

A monitoring method based on the wind turbine generator gearbox elastic support vibration attenuation effect monitoring device comprises the following steps:

s1: collecting signals of a first vibration acceleration sensor and a second vibration acceleration sensor to obtain vibration acceleration data on the torsion arm; collecting signals of a third vibration acceleration sensor and a fourth vibration acceleration sensor to obtain vibration acceleration data of the gearbox rack; calculating a vibration effective value according to the vibration acceleration data on the torsion arm and the vibration acceleration data of the gearbox frame, and calculating the vibration isolation rate according to the calculation result of the vibration effective value;

s2: comparing the vibration isolation rate of S1 with a preset vibration isolation rate threshold value to obtain a vibration reduction effect; and alarming when the vibration isolation rate calculation result exceeds a vibration isolation rate threshold value.

Preferably, in the process of collecting signals of a group of vibration acceleration sensors in S1, data of yaw wind periods of the wind turbine are rejected.

Preferably, before calculating the effective vibration value in S1, band-pass filtering is performed on the collected signals of the first vibration acceleration sensor, the second vibration acceleration sensor, the third vibration acceleration sensor, and the fourth vibration acceleration sensor, respectively.

Preferably, the specific process of S1 includes:

step 21), setting two-stage high-frequency section meshing frequencies of the wind turbine generator in a grid-connected rotating speed period as a first-stage high-frequency section meshing frequency Fg1 and a second-stage high-frequency section meshing frequency Fg2 respectively, and setting two monitoring frequency sections as a first monitoring frequency section [ Fg1-20, Fr1+20] and a second monitoring frequency section [ Fg2-20, Fr2+20] respectively when the two-stage high-frequency section meshing frequencies in a rated rotating speed period are a first-stage high-frequency section meshing frequency Fr1 and a second-stage high-frequency section meshing frequency Fr2 respectively;

step 22), performing band-pass filtering on signals of the four vibration acceleration sensors in an acquisition time period T0 respectively to obtain signals in a first monitoring frequency band [ Fg1-20, Fr1+20] and signals in a second monitoring frequency band [ Fg2-20, Fr2+20 ];

step 23), calculating a vibration effective value:

wherein, RV (p)_sig(q)Representing the effective value of the vibration calculated according to the signals of the p-th vibration acceleration sensor in the q-th monitoring frequency band, wherein p belongs to {1,2,3,4}, q belongs to {1,2}, N represents the number of the vibration acceleration data in the acquisition time period T0, V (p)_iIndicating time of acquisitionThe ith vibration acceleration data collected in segment T0;

step 24), calculating the vibration isolation rate:

in the formula, eta (q)_LRepresenting the vibration isolation rate of the elastic support of the left torsion arm of the gearbox obtained by the signal of the qth monitoring frequency band; eta (q)_RAnd (3) representing the vibration isolation rate of the elastic support of the right torsion arm of the gearbox obtained by the signal of the q-th monitoring frequency band.

Preferably, the threshold value of vibration isolation rate in step S2 includes a first threshold value η of vibration isolation rate₁And a second vibration isolation rate threshold η₂Eta (1) to be measured in real time_LAnd eta (1)_RRespectively with a first vibration isolation threshold eta₁Comparing, will eta (2)_LAnd eta (2)_RRespectively with a second vibration isolation rate threshold eta₂And comparing, and sending out an alarm when one item exceeds the range.

Preferably, the sampling frequency of the first vibration acceleration sensor, the second vibration acceleration sensor, the third vibration acceleration sensor and the fourth vibration acceleration sensor is not lower than 2.5 times of the highest meshing frequency.

Preferably, the sampling frequencies of the first vibration acceleration sensor, the second vibration acceleration sensor, the third vibration acceleration sensor and the fourth vibration acceleration sensor are all 3000 Hz.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the invention provides a device for monitoring the vibration attenuation effect of an elastic support of a wind turbine generator gearbox, wherein two ends of the upper surface of a torque arm are respectively provided with a vibration acceleration sensor, two ends of a gearbox rack are respectively provided with a vibration acceleration sensor, the vibration acceleration sensors are arranged on the torque arm of the gearbox and the racks near the elastic support according to the working characteristics and the vibration transmission rules of the wind turbine generator gearbox, the vibration effective values are compared in different sections in a targeted manner, the vibration attenuation effect can be effectively calculated, the monitoring effectiveness is ensured, the running state of the elastic support is mastered, and the safe and stable running of the wind turbine generator is ensured; and the speed sensor of the vibrating machine is easy to install, maintain and disassemble, simple to install, accurate in monitoring and high in practicability.

The invention also discloses a method for monitoring the vibration reduction effect of the elastic support of the gearbox of the wind turbine generator, which comprises the steps of firstly arranging a group of vibration acceleration sensors on two torsion arms of the gearbox and a lower frame respectively, then acquiring signals of the group of vibration acceleration sensors to obtain a group of vibration acceleration data, then carrying out vibration effective value calculation according to the group of vibration acceleration data, calculating the vibration isolation rate according to the vibration effective value calculation result, finally comparing the vibration isolation rate calculation result with the vibration isolation rate threshold value, and giving an alarm when the vibration isolation rate calculation result exceeds the vibration isolation rate threshold value. The method is based on the vibration characteristics of the wind power gear box and the vibration isolation rule of the elastic support, the collected signals are subjected to filtering processing and frequency division monitoring, the monitoring is comprehensive, the effectiveness of monitoring can be ensured by filtering and frequency division processing of the collected signals, the effective vibration values are compared in frequency division pertinently, and therefore the running state of the elastic support is mastered, and the running state of the elastic support is mastered. The running state of the elastic support of the gearbox can be monitored in real time on line, damage to a unit caused by failure of the elastic support is prevented, the function of predictive maintenance is realized, parameter variables involved in calculation are few, calculation errors can be greatly reduced, and robustness is improved; therefore, the vibration reduction effect is effectively calculated, the running state of the elastic support is mastered, and the safe and stable running of the unit is guaranteed.

Furthermore, in the monitoring process, besides data acquired by the four vibration sensors, a yaw state signal in the master control of the wind turbine generator is accessed to the data acquisition system, the signal in the yaw time period is different from that in normal operation, the data of the wind turbine generator in the yaw wind time period are removed according to the difference of the signals, and error interference is greatly reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an installation of a vibration acceleration sensor in the device for monitoring the vibration damping effect of the elastic support of the gearbox of the wind turbine generator system;

wherein: 1-a first vibration acceleration sensor, 2-a second vibration acceleration sensor, 3-a third vibration acceleration sensor, 4-a fourth vibration acceleration sensor, 5-a gearbox frame, 6-an elastic support and 7-a gearbox.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

example 1

As shown in FIG. 1, a device for monitoring the vibration attenuation effect of an elastic support of a wind turbine gearbox, the wind turbine gearbox comprises a gearbox frame 5 and a gearbox 7, a torsion arm is arranged on the gearbox 7, the elastic support 6 is vertically arranged at the bottom of each of two ends of the torsion arm, one end of the elastic support 6 is arranged on the gearbox frame 5, and the other end of the elastic support is connected with the bottom surface of the torsion arm, the device for monitoring the vibration attenuation effect of the wind turbine gearbox elastic support comprises a plurality of vibration acceleration sensors, a vibration acceleration sensor is respectively arranged at two ends of the upper surface of the torsion arm, the vibration acceleration sensors are respectively a first vibration acceleration sensor 1 and a second vibration acceleration sensor 2, a vibration acceleration sensor is respectively arranged at two ends of the gearbox frame 5, the vibration acceleration sensors are respectively a third vibration acceleration sensor 3 and a fourth vibration, wherein the third vibration acceleration sensor 3 is located directly below the first vibration acceleration sensor 1 and the fourth vibration acceleration sensor 4 is located directly below the second vibration acceleration sensor 2.

Example 2

A method for monitoring the vibration reduction effect of an elastic support of a gearbox of a wind turbine generator comprises the following steps:

s1, the device according to embodiment 1 arranges a vibration acceleration sensor.

And S2, collecting signals of a group of vibration acceleration sensors to obtain a group of vibration acceleration data. Before collection, setting sampling frequency of the vibration acceleration sensor, comprehensively considering calculated amount and monitoring effect, and setting the sampling frequency of each of the four vibration sensors to be 3000Hz (the sampling frequency can be set according to the model, but cannot be lower than 2.5 frequency multiplication of the highest meshing frequency);

considering that the high-frequency vibration of the frame can be excited in the yaw wind-facing process of the unit, namely, extra background noise is added to the third vibration acceleration sensor 3 and the fourth vibration acceleration sensor 4, and the accuracy of measurement can be seriously influenced, so that data of the yaw wind-facing time interval are eliminated;

and then, calculating a vibration effective value according to a group of vibration acceleration data, and calculating the vibration isolation rate according to a vibration effective value calculation result, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:

step 21), considering that the influence of low frequency on the rack is small and the elastic support 6 mainly aims at high-frequency vibration isolation, the method disclosed by the invention is more prone to monitoring and processing the high-frequency band, taking a certain three-stage meshed gear box as an example, the meshing of the low-frequency band of the gear box can be within 20Hz, the monitoring effect is not good, and therefore, the meshing frequency of the high-frequency band of the gear box is processed and monitored;

setting two-stage high-frequency section meshing frequencies of a wind turbine generator set in a grid-connected rotating speed period as a first-stage high-frequency section meshing frequency Fg1 and a second-stage high-frequency section meshing frequency Fg2 respectively, and setting two-stage high-frequency section meshing frequencies of a rated rotating speed period as a first-stage high-frequency section meshing frequency Fr1 and a second-stage high-frequency section meshing frequency Fr2 respectively, and setting two monitoring frequency sections as a first monitoring frequency section [ Fg1-20, Fr1+20] and a second monitoring frequency section [ Fg2-20, Fr2+20 ];

step 22), performing band-pass filtering on signals of the four vibration acceleration sensors in an acquisition time period T0 respectively to obtain signals in a first monitoring frequency band [ Fg1-20, Fr1+20] and signals in a second monitoring frequency band [ Fg2-20, Fr2+20 ];

step 23), calculating the effective value of the vibration by the following formula:

wherein, RV (p)_sig(q)Representing the effective value of the vibration calculated according to the signals of the p-th vibration acceleration sensor in the q-th monitoring frequency band, wherein p belongs to {1,2,3,4}, q belongs to {1,2}, N represents the number of the vibration acceleration data in the acquisition time period T0, V (p)_iRepresents the ith vibration acceleration data acquired within the acquisition period T0;

step 24), calculating the vibration isolation rate by the following formula:

in the formula, eta (q)_LRepresenting the vibration isolation rate of the elastic support of the left torsion arm of the gearbox obtained by the signal of the qth monitoring frequency band; eta (q)_RAnd (3) representing the vibration isolation rate of the elastic support of the right torsion arm of the gearbox obtained by the signal of the q-th monitoring frequency band.

S3, comparing the vibration isolation rate calculation result with a vibration isolation rate threshold value, wherein the vibration isolation rate threshold value comprises a first vibration isolation rate threshold value eta₁And a second vibration isolation rate threshold η₂Will eta (1)_LAnd eta (1)_RRespectively with a first vibration isolation threshold eta₁Comparing, will eta (2)_LAnd eta (2)_RRespectively with a second vibration isolation rate threshold eta₂And comparing, and sending out an alarm when one item exceeds the range.

The first vibration acceleration sensor, the second vibration acceleration sensor, the third vibration acceleration sensor, and the fourth vibration acceleration sensor used in the above-described embodiment are all of ordinary vibration acceleration sensors.

In summary, the method for monitoring the vibration damping effect of the elastic support of the gearbox of the wind turbine generator set provided by the invention is designed according to the vibration characteristics of the gearbox and the vibration isolation rule of the elastic support. The wind power gear box has the following vibration characteristics: firstly, vibration energy is mainly concentrated at the meshing frequencies of the stages, and if vibration damping can be effectively carried out on the frequencies, elastic support is effective; and secondly, the working range is between the grid-connected rotating speed and the rated rotating speed (the grid-connected rotating speed < the rated rotating speed). Vibration isolation rule of elastic support: the vibration isolation device has a good vibration isolation effect on high frequency, is insensitive to low frequency, and is mainly damaged by high-frequency vibration on a rack, so that the vibration isolation effect of a higher frequency band is focused. Based on above characteristics, carry out filtering processing to the signal of gathering, divide the frequency band monitoring, ensure the comprehensive of monitoring, the validity is designed according to the vibration isolation law of the vibration characteristics of gear box and elastic support, and the accessible filters the signal of gathering and frequency division section handles the validity of guaranteeing the monitoring to effective calculation is made to the damping effect, masters elastic support's running state, the safe and stable operation of guarantee unit.

The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.