阅读说明：本技术 用于制造滚动轴承保持架、尤其大滚动轴承保持架的方法和滚动轴承保持架 (Method for producing a rolling bearing cage, in particular a large rolling bearing cage, and rolling bearing cage ) 是由 延斯·拉波尔德 贝恩德·施塔克迈尔 卢德格尔·绍尔 于 2019-09-06 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种用于制造滚动轴承的滚动轴承保持架、特别是用于制造用于大滚动轴承的大滚动轴承保持架的方法,其中,在第一步骤中制造基体,并且在第二步骤中给基体设置至少一个滑动面,其特征在于,通过将焊接填料堆焊到基体上来制造所述至少一个滑动面,本发明还涉及一种用于滚动轴承的滚动轴承保持架,尤其是用于大滚动轴承的大滚动轴承保持架,其中,该滚动轴承保持架包括基体,并且其中,该基体具有至少一个滑动面,其特征在于,该至少一个滑动面是通过焊接填料堆焊到基体上的滑动面。(The invention relates to a method for producing a rolling bearing cage for a rolling bearing, in particular for producing a large rolling bearing cage for a large rolling bearing, wherein a base body is produced in a first step and at least one sliding surface is provided for the base body in a second step, characterized in that the at least one sliding surface is produced by overlaying a weld filler on the base body, and to a rolling bearing cage for a rolling bearing, in particular a large rolling bearing cage for a large rolling bearing, wherein the rolling bearing cage comprises a base body and wherein the base body has at least one sliding surface, characterized in that the at least one sliding surface is a sliding surface overlaid on the base body by the weld filler.)

1. A method for producing a rolling bearing cage (10) of a rolling bearing, in particular for producing a large rolling bearing cage (10) of a large rolling bearing,

in a first step, a base body (1) is produced, and

in a second step, at least one sliding surface (4) is provided for the base body (1),

characterized in that the at least one sliding surface (4) is produced by overlaying a weld filler (2) onto the base body (1).

2. A method according to claim 1, wherein a material composition consisting of different materials is used as weld filler (2) in the build-up welding.

3. Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one sliding surface (4) is manufactured in a plurality of different layers, wherein different weld fillers (2) are preferably used for the different layers.

4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one sliding surface (4) is produced at a first location of the basic body (1) from a first sliding surface region and at a second location of the basic body (2) from a second sliding surface region, wherein the first sliding surface region is produced with a shape and/or volume matched to an expected first load of the first sliding surface region and the second sliding surface region is produced with a shape and/or volume matched to an expected second load of the second sliding surface region.

5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one sliding surface (4) is produced at a further first location of the basic body (1) from a further first sliding surface region of a further first weld filler and at a further second location of the basic body (2) from a further second weld filler, wherein the further first weld filler is selected from a plurality of weld fillers matched to an expected further first load of the further first sliding surface region and the further second weld filler is selected from a plurality of weld fillers matched to an expected further second load of the further second sliding surface region.

6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one sliding surface (4) is built up along a first intended contact surface between the rolling bearing cage (10) and the at least one bearing ring in a first operating state of the rolling bearing, and the second sliding surface is built up along a second intended contact surface between the rolling bearing cage (10) and the at least one bearing ring in a second operating state of the rolling bearing.

7. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the weld deposit is performed by metal active gas welding or metal inert gas welding.

8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one sliding surface (4) is mechanically reworked after build-up welding.

9. A rolling bearing cage (10) for a rolling bearing, in particular a large rolling bearing cage (10) for a large rolling bearing, wherein the rolling bearing cage (10) comprises a base body (1) and wherein the base body (1) has at least one sliding surface (4), characterized in that the at least one sliding surface (4) is a sliding surface (4) which is built-up onto the base body (1) by means of a weld filler (2).

10. Rolling bearing cage (10) according to claim 9, wherein the at least one sliding surface (4) is arranged at least one contact surface between the rolling bearing cage (10) and one or more bearing rings.

11. Rolling bearing cage (10) according to one of claims 9 to 10, wherein the weld filler (2) consists of a material composition consisting of different materials.

12. Rolling bearing cage (10) according to one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the at least one sliding surface (4) is produced in a plurality of layers, wherein the plurality of layers are preferably built up by different weld fillers (2).

13. Rolling bearing cage (10) according to one of claims 9 to 12, wherein the at least one sliding surface (4) has a first sliding surface region at a first location of the base body (1) and a second sliding surface region at a second location of the base body (2), wherein the first sliding surface region is adapted in shape and/or volume to an expected first load of the first sliding surface region and the second sliding surface region is adapted in shape and/or volume to an expected second load of the second sliding surface region.

14. Rolling bearing cage (10) according to one of claims 9 to 13, wherein the at least one sliding surface (4) has a further first sliding surface region at a further first position of the base body (1), wherein the further first sliding surface region is produced from a further first weld filler, and the at least one sliding surface (4) has a further second sliding surface region at a further second position of the base body (2), wherein the further second sliding surface region is produced from a further second weld filler, wherein the further first weld filler is matched in its material composition to a further first expected load of the further first sliding surface region, and the further second weld filler is matched in its material composition to a further second expected load of the further second sliding surface region.

15. Rolling bearing cage (10) according to one of claims 10 to 14, wherein, during operation of the rolling bearing cage (10), the rolling bearing cage (10) is guided in the rolling bearing by the at least one contact surface, wherein the at least one sliding surface (4) is arranged along the at least one contact surface, wherein the geometric course of the at least one sliding surface (4) along the at least one contact surface is adapted to the expected load of the at least one contact surface.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a rolling bearing cage having a sliding surface at the contact surface with a bearing ring.

Background

Such systems are generally known from the prior art. The sliding surface serves to reduce wear on the friction surfaces between the closed or segmented rolling bearing cage and its contact surfaces on the other bearing ring. The task of the rolling bearing cage is to guide the rolling bodies of the rolling bearing and separate them from one another. For this purpose, the rolling bearing cage guides the rolling bodies into a forced orientation. The rolling bearing cage is likewise guided by the bearing ring. Relative movement occurs between the rolling bearing cage and the bearing ring during bearing rotation. By the movement of the rolling bodies along the bearing ring, the rolling bearing cage is also in contact with the inner bearing ring, the outer bearing ring, or partially in contact with the inner bearing ring and partially in contact with the outer bearing ring, depending on the load. The guidance of the rolling elements by the rolling element cage determines that the rolling elements press the rolling element cage against the inner bearing ring and/or the outer bearing ring. The frictional forces resulting from the relative movement lead to loads and increased wear not only on the cage but also on the bearing ring. A reduction in wear and a reduction in load can be achieved by selecting a suitable friction partner (Reibpartner) at the contact surfaces.

For example, DE 102015101464 a1 discloses a rolling bearing cage for a rolling bearing, which rolling bearing cage consists of a steel base body and a bearing metal sliding part made of bronze applied to the base body, which sliding part serves to reduce the friction between the bearing ring and the rolling bearing cage. Here, a bearing metal sliding part made of bronze is welded to the base body of the rolling bearing cage.

Furthermore, bearing metal slides made of various other materials are known from the prior art. The bearing metal sliding part reduces the friction forces at all structurally considered contact surfaces of the rolling bearing cage and the bearing ring due to its geometrical features and the advantageous influence of the material pairing between the bearing metal sliding part and the bearing ring on the sliding properties.

The welding of the bearing metal sliding parts is carried out manually and is therefore time-consuming, cost-intensive and test-intensive with low process reliability. Further, the molding of the sliding surface is greatly restricted by the use of the bearing metal sliding member.

Disclosure of Invention

It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a method for producing a rolling bearing cage which does not have the disadvantages of the prior art, but is cost-effective, precise, material-saving, process-stable and reproducibly accurate and has only few restrictions with regard to its size, number, position and shape in the design of the sliding surfaces.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a rolling bearing cage which does not have the disadvantages of the prior art, but which is likewise advantageously, lightweight and accurately implemented.

This object is achieved by a method for producing a rolling bearing cage for a rolling bearing, in particular for producing a large rolling bearing cage for a large rolling bearing, wherein a basic body is produced in a first step and at least one sliding surface is provided for the basic body in a second step, characterized in that the at least one sliding surface is produced by overlaying a weld filler on the basic body.

In this case, at least one sliding surface is produced by welding by volume construction. The volume is formed by a weld filler which is applied as a layer during welding and is connected in a form-fitting manner to the base material.

The method according to the invention has the advantage over the prior art that it can be fully automated. In this way, the at least one sliding surface can be produced significantly faster and more cost-effectively. Furthermore, the accuracy and the repeatability accuracy are improved by the method according to the invention. Furthermore, the risk of faults and errors is reduced, since, unlike the prior art, there is no connecting weld between the large rolling bearing cage and the bearing metal slides to be welded, which weld weakens the entire structure. Furthermore, the shaping of the at least one sliding surface is less restricted and the material expenditure can be significantly reduced by increased precision and freedom in shaping.

Reduced wear can be achieved by selecting suitable materials for the weld deposit. It is conceivable to weld at least one sliding surface from aluminum bronze.

It is conceivable for the sliding surfaces to be built-up in a substantially punctiform manner. However, it is also conceivable to weld the sliding surfaces circularly, rectangularly, squarely or elliptically.

Advantageous embodiments and further developments of the invention can be gathered from the dependent claims and the description with reference to the figures.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a material combination of different materials is used as a weld filler during the build-up welding. Thus, at least one sliding surface can be manufactured from a suitable material composition to reduce friction and thus wear. It is conceivable to provide the weld filler for volume construction in powder. However, it is also conceivable to provide the weld filler for volume construction in the form of a rod, ingot or in any other solid form. Furthermore, it is conceivable to provide different materials and/or material mixtures in powder form and/or in the form of rods, ingots or any other solid form as welding filler for volume construction.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the at least one sliding surface is produced from a plurality of different layers, wherein different weld fillers are preferably used for the different layers. This enables the manufacture of layers with different properties, for example adhesion, welding properties or slidability. In an advantageous manner, therefore, the layer which has good slidability but is poorly connectable to the material of the large rolling bearing cage can be applied as an upper sliding layer to a further layer which is a lower adhesion layer and has good connectability to the material of the large rolling bearing cage and to the material of the upper sliding layer.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the at least one sliding surface is produced at a first location of the base body from a first sliding surface region and at a second location of the base body from a second sliding surface region, wherein the first sliding surface region is produced with a shape and/or volume adapted to an expected first load of the first sliding surface region and the second sliding surface region is produced with a shape and/or volume adapted to an expected second load of the second sliding surface region. This advantageously achieves that the at least one sliding surface is precisely adapted to the expected load. This can be, for example, a matching in terms of the material thickness or width of the at least one sliding surface. Furthermore, by being precisely manufactured as needed, the amount of weld filler used can be optimized.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the at least one sliding surface is produced at a further first position of the main body from a further first sliding surface region of a further first weld filler and at a further second position of the main body from a further second sliding surface region of a further second weld filler, wherein the further first weld filler is selected from a plurality of weld fillers in a manner matched to an expected further first load of the further first sliding surface region and the further second weld filler is selected from a plurality of weld fillers in a manner matched to an expected further second load of the further second sliding surface region. This advantageously achieves that the at least one sliding surface is precisely adapted to the expected mechanical load in view of the material deposited on the weld. The expected mechanical loads are generated by loads acting on the rolling bearing from the outside or by the dead weight of the rolling bearing. These may be radial loads, axial loads, or a combination of radial and axial loads.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the at least one sliding surface is deposited along a first expected contact surface between the rolling bearing cage and the at least one bearing ring in a first operating state of the rolling bearing, and the second sliding surface is deposited along a second expected contact surface between the rolling bearing cage and the at least one bearing ring in a second operating state of the rolling bearing. This enables the sliding surface to be positioned precisely where loads are expected in different operating states of the rolling bearing. It is conceivable to produce at least one sliding surface and a second sliding surface with different shapes and/or volumes and/or materials, wherein the respective shapes and/or volumes and/or materials of the course of the at least one sliding surface and the second sliding surface are adapted to the respective expected loads.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the overlaying is performed by metal-active gas welding (MAG welding) or by metal-inert gas welding (MIG welding). Here, the wire electrode is electrofused under a protective gas atmosphere. However, it is also conceivable that the build-up is effected by laser build-up or plasma powder build-up. Laser and plasma powder deposition welding are very well controlled, reliable and cost-effective welding methods which can be automated very well and provide high-quality results.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the at least one sliding surface is mechanically reworked after the build-up welding. This achieves an improvement in the geometric accuracy of the sliding surface. It is contemplated that the layers applied by the weld overlay are milled, ground, etched, polished, and/or otherwise formed into the desired shape.

Preferably, however, the at least one sliding surface is produced by build-up welding in such a way that it corresponds, after the build-up welding, to the presettings made to the at least one sliding surface with respect to its geometry and surface properties without further reworking.

In order to solve the object mentioned at the outset, a further subject matter of the invention is a rolling bearing cage for a rolling bearing, in particular a large rolling bearing cage for a large rolling bearing, wherein the rolling bearing cage comprises a basic body and wherein the basic body has at least one sliding surface, characterized in that the at least one sliding surface is a sliding surface which is built-up on the basic body by means of weld filler.

By means of an automated production process, the at least one sliding surface is produced very advantageously, rapidly, process-stably and thereby exactly adapted to the expected stresses with high precision and high repeatability. Furthermore, the risk of faults and errors is reduced, since, in comparison with the prior art, no connecting weld seam, which could be a weak point, exists between the rolling bearing cage and the bearing metal sliding part to be welded.

A reduction in wear can be achieved by selecting suitable materials for the weld filler. It is conceivable for at least one sliding surface to be composed of aluminum bronze. Aluminum bronze has very low wear and is therefore most suitable as a weld filler for the process of the present invention. But it is also contemplated to use, for example, copper bronze or other bearing metals and alloys thereof as weld filler.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the at least one sliding surface is arranged at least one contact surface between the large rolling bearing cage and the one or more bearing rings. The base body of the rolling bearing cage guides the rolling bodies of the rolling bearing and keeps them at a distance. The rolling bearing cage itself is guided by the contact surfaces between the rolling bearing cage and the bearing ring or rings. By the movement of the rolling bodies along the bearing rings, the rolling bearing cage is also in contact with the inner bearing ring, the outer bearing ring, or also partially in contact with the inner bearing ring and partially in contact with the outer bearing ring, depending on the load. The guidance of the rolling elements by the rolling element cage determines that the rolling elements press the rolling element cage against the inner bearing ring and/or the outer bearing ring. As a result, during the rotational movement of the roller bearing, friction and thus wear and load at the contact surfaces occur. These wear are reduced by at least one sliding surface, which is arranged at the at least one contact surface. It is conceivable that the sliding surface is produced by a method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the weld filler is composed of a material composition composed of different materials. The material composition is preferably designed such that the friction and thus the wear is reduced.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the at least one sliding surface is produced in a plurality of layers, wherein the layers are preferably built up by different weld fillers. This achieves, for example, that the at least one sliding surface is composed of an upper layer which has good sliding properties but has poor connectability to the material of the large rolling bearing cage and which is arranged as an upper sliding layer on a lower layer as a lower adhesion layer which has good connectability to the material of the large rolling bearing cage and to the material of the upper sliding layer. For example, it is conceivable to use the material for producing the rolling bearing cage as the weld filler for the lower layer, and preferably to use steel as the weld filler for the lower layer. It is conceivable to use aluminum bronze as the weld filler for the upper layer.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the at least one sliding surface has a first sliding surface region at a first position of the base body and a second sliding surface region at a second position of the base body, wherein the first sliding surface region is adapted in shape and/or volume to an expected first load of the first sliding surface region and the second sliding surface region is adapted in shape and/or volume to an expected second load of the second sliding surface region. This advantageously achieves that the at least one sliding surface is precisely adapted to the expected load. This may be, for example, a matching of material thickness or width. Furthermore, the weight of the large rolling bearing is optimized by precisely dimensioning the at least one sliding surface. This applies in particular to the weight of the sliding material, which is expensive compared to other materials used and for which a weight saving of up to 75% can be achieved compared to the prior art by using the method according to the invention and the particularly preferred embodiments.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the at least one sliding surface has a further first sliding surface region at a further first position of the base body, wherein the further first sliding surface region is produced from a further first weld filler, and the at least one sliding surface has a further second sliding surface region at a further second position of the base body, wherein the further second sliding surface region is produced from a further second weld filler, wherein the further first weld filler is matched in its material composition to a further first expected load of the further first sliding surface region, and the further second weld filler is matched in its material composition to a further second expected load of the further second sliding surface region. This advantageously achieves that the at least one sliding surface is matched in position with respect to the weld filler exactly to the expected load.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the rolling bearing cage is guided in the rolling bearing by at least one contact surface during operation of the rolling bearing cage, wherein at least one sliding surface is arranged along the at least one contact surface, wherein the at least one sliding surface is adapted to the expected load of the at least one contact surface along the geometric course of the at least one contact surface. It is conceivable that, in different operating conditions of the rolling bearing, a plurality of different courses of the further sliding surface correspond to the expected course of the contact between the rolling bearing cage and the at least one bearing ring. Furthermore, it is conceivable for the individual profiles of a plurality of differently profiled additional sliding surfaces of the additional sliding surface to have different shapes and/or volumes and/or to be made of different materials, wherein the respective shapes and/or volumes and/or materials of the profiles of the additional sliding surfaces are adapted to the respective expected loads of the additional sliding surfaces.

Drawings

Further details, features and advantages of the invention emerge from the figures and from the following description of a preferred embodiment with the aid of the figures. The drawings show only exemplary embodiments of the invention here, which do not limit the basic inventive concept.

Fig. 1(a) - (b) each show the basic principle of a method of manufacturing a rolling bearing cage according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2(a) - (b) each show the basic principle of a method of manufacturing a rolling bearing cage according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 schematically shows a part of a rolling bearing cage according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

List of reference numerals

1 base body

2 welding filler

3 laser beam

4 sliding surface

4' lower layer

4' upper layer

5 welding wire

10 rolling bearing cage

Detailed Description

In fig. 1(a), a method of manufacturing a rolling bearing cage 10 (see fig. 3) according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention by means of overlay welding is schematically illustrated. The weld filler 2 is deposited on a contact surface of the base body 1 of a rolling bearing cage 10 of the rolling bearing, which contact surface bears against the bearing ring during operation of the rolling bearing and moves relative to the bearing ring (not shown). The weld filler 2 is a powdery material mixture. In an alternative embodiment, the weld filler 2 can also be introduced during the welding process as a rod or in a similar solid embodiment. The laser beam 3 welds the weld filler 2 to the contact surface of the substrate 1. The coating thus formed is a sliding surface 4.

After the build-up welding, the sliding surface 4 can be ground smooth and polished. However, it is also possible to dispense with a further machining after the build-up welding for cost-effective production. The sliding surface 4 with sufficient dimensional accuracy and surface properties can also be produced by overlay welding without mechanical reworking.

The sliding surface 4 is welded to the base body 1 in such a way that it is located exactly at the location of the contact surface where friction is produced by contact with the bearing ring. The shape and volume of the sliding surface 4 are adapted to the expected loads of the sliding surface 4 during operation of the large rolling bearing. Likewise, the weld filler or fillers 2 are matched to the expected loads on the running surface 4 during operation of the large rolling bearing.

The method of producing the sliding surface 4 is at least partially automated.

Fig. 1(b) schematically shows a method for producing a rolling bearing cage 10 (see fig. 3) by means of overlay welding according to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention. The method shown differs from the method shown in fig. 1(a) in that the welding filler 2 is deposited as a welding wire 5 on the base body 1 of the rolling bearing cage 10 by means of MAG welding.

Fig. 2(a) schematically shows a method for producing a rolling bearing cage 10 (see fig. 3) by means of overlay welding according to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention. The sliding surface 4 is built up in two layers, a lower layer 4' and an upper layer 4 ". The weld filler 2 is deposited on a lower layer 4' of steel, which is deposited by laser build-up welding. The weld filler 2 is a powdery material mixture, in the case shown aluminum bronze. The laser beam 3 welds the weld filler 2 to the lower layer 4'. The resulting coating with the lower layer 4' and the upper layer 4 "is the sliding surface 4.

Fig. 2(b) schematically shows a method for producing a rolling bearing cage 10 (see fig. 3) by means of overlay welding according to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention. The method shown differs from the method shown in fig. 2(a) in that the lower layer 4 'is welded to the base body 1 by means of MAG welding and the welding filler 2 is welded as a welding wire 5 to the upper layer 4 ″ on the lower layer 4' by means of MAG welding.

Fig. 3 schematically shows a part of a rolling bearing cage 10 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The rolling bearing cage 10 is produced by a method 10 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention and has a base body 1 and a sliding surface 4.