阅读说明：本技术 谐振式多程天线 (Resonant multi-pass antenna ) 是由 德米特里·维塔利耶维奇·费多索夫 罗曼·亚历山德罗维奇·别基舍夫 于 2019-07-10 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及天线技术。一种天线,包括变压器形式的匹配装置和平面或三维导电体形式的辐射振动器,所述匹配装置包括初级绕组和次级绕组,所述辐射振动器连接至所述次级绕组并设置在匹配变压器的磁场中。电抗性离散元件(电容、电感)通过受控继电器在间隙内与匹配变压器电连接,或者沿变压器的次级绕组匝数排列的电容元件通过继电器与变压器的一个点连接。技术结果是能够在宽频率范围内快速重新调整天线的工作频率,从而能够补偿具有电容的外部物体的影响,并切换到其他无线电信号接收和传输频率信道。(The present invention relates to antenna technology. An antenna comprising matching means in the form of a transformer, said matching means comprising a primary winding and a secondary winding, and a radiating vibrator in the form of a planar or three-dimensional electrical conductor, said radiating vibrator being connected to said secondary winding and arranged in the magnetic field of the matching transformer. Reactive discrete elements (capacitors, inductors) are electrically connected to the matching transformer within the gap by controlled relays, or capacitive elements arranged along the turns of the secondary winding of the transformer are connected to one point of the transformer by relays. The technical result is that the operating frequency of the antenna can be quickly readjusted over a wide frequency range, so that the influence of external objects with capacitance can be compensated and switched to other radio signal reception and transmission frequency channels.)

1. An antenna with matching means comprising matching means in the form of a transformer and a radiating vibrator in the form of a planar or three-dimensional electrical conductor, said matching means comprising a primary winding and a secondary winding, said radiating vibrator being connected to said secondary winding and being arranged in the magnetic field of the matching transformer, characterized in that reactive discrete elements (capacitors, inductors) are electrically connected to the matching transformer in a gap by means of a controlled relay, or that capacitive elements arranged along the turns of the secondary winding of the transformer are connected to one point of the transformer by means of a relay.

2. An antenna according to claim 1, characterized by comprising a power supply element, a processor controlling the relay, current and voltage sensors in the high frequency lines powering the antenna.

3. An antenna according to claim 1, comprising a processor controlling the relay, a super capacitor for powering the antenna circuit and charging by high frequency signals supplied to the antenna by the radio transmitter, current and voltage sensors in the high frequency lines powering the antenna.

4. An antenna according to claim 1, wherein the primary winding secondary is divided into sections and connected by relays.

Technical Field

The invention relates to antenna technology, which can be used in small transmitting and receiving devices in the medium-wave range of mobile radio and inductive communications and is mounted as a separate antenna on fixed and communicating objects. This is important in mines and ditches where there are many cables along which medium wave signals propagate in almost all mine work.

Background

It is now known that the dimensions of effective modern antennas for radio waves in the range of hundreds and tens of meters are of the order of tens and hundreds of meters, which considerably reduces their capacity for use in mobile radio communications. In a mine in an enclosed space, since the time for fixedly installing a radio communication antenna increases, there may be no condition for installing the antenna, and thus it is almost impossible to use the antenna. This type of antenna has prevented the development and use of the hectometer and decametre radio communications themselves, as well as the design of transmitting and receiving devices in the field of long, medium and short-wave radio communications. These radio wave ranges appear to be the most attractive methods for communicating directly through rock and using induction in mines, as such signals can propagate well and with minimal loss along cables.

According to utility model RU 154886, an antenna is known, which consists of a fine vibrator, a transformer on a ferrite ring, an extension coil and a counterweight. In this antenna, frequency re-tuning is performed using a movable electrode connected to a weight within an extension coil, which electrode forms a capacitive coupling with the turns of the extension coil and shunts the extension coil.

This design cannot be used as a portable antenna because the presence of the counterweight significantly increases the mass size parameter of the antenna. Furthermore, such designs using elongated vibrators are inconvenient as portable vibrators in underground structures (mines and caverns).

The design of this antenna has no ferrite core, which greatly increases the maximum power of the input signal.

Disclosure of Invention

The antenna is composed of a vibrator, wherein the vibrator is a radiating element and represents a two-dimensional plane or three-dimensional conductor with a capacitor. The most convenient method is to use a vertically or horizontally placed conductive cylinder as the vibrator. The antenna comprises a matching transformer in the form of a primary winding and a secondary winding. The transformer should be positioned to ensure that the magnetic field of the transformer exceeds its limits and surrounds the vibrator. The magnetic field of the transformer is a rapidly decreasing magnetic field, practically concentrated in a space not exceeding the linear dimensions of the transformer itself by a few units, which is generally less than 1% of the emission wavelength of the antenna. In order to retune the resonance frequency, a system of reactive elements (capacitors ) connected using relays is introduced into the gap of the transformer, or several capacitive elements arranged around the number of turns of the secondary winding of the transformer are connected to one point of the transformer using relays.

The antenna thus enables a user of the mine induction communication system to conduct mobile communications along an induction communication line. Furthermore, the ability to switch frequency channels in the antenna almost instantaneously makes it possible to use it in multi-channel communication and queuing systems, which is not possible under the condition of smooth adjustment of the resonant frequency of the transmitting and transmitting devices.

The closest technical approach to the claimed device is essentially the antenna of the mobile mid band/short band (MWB/SWB) vibroseis antenna according to utility model RU174319 d. The antenna includes a thin vibrator, a matching transformer, a weight, and an extension coil in which a parallel capacitive element is inserted and connected to the weight through a switching device. A disadvantage of this design is the presence of a counterweight, which limits the use of such antennas as portable antennas. It is difficult to use such antennas in mines and caves due to the presence of a long and thin vibrator. The input power is limited by the saturation field of the transformer on the toroidal ferromagnetic core.

The technical result of the claimed invention is that, when using signal sources with power increased to tens and hundreds of watts, the operating frequency of a small antenna can be retuned within a fairly wide range while maintaining its small form factor, which expands the functionality of the radio device, especially in a limited volume of space (mines, caves).

The specific technical result is achieved by the following method: an antenna comprising matching means in the form of a transformer comprising a primary winding and a secondary winding located near the same axis and a vibrator in the form of a planar or three-dimensional electrical conductor connected to the secondary winding and arranged in the magnetic field of the matching transformer, reactive discrete elements (capacitors, inductors) being electrically connected to the matching transformer in a gap by means of a controlled relay, or capacitive elements arranged along the turns of the secondary winding of the transformer being connected to one point of the transformer by means of a relay.

Further, in order to make the antenna have dual or multi bands, the primary winding and the secondary winding of the transformer may be composed of parts connected using a relay. Thus, for example, if the primary and secondary windings are made up of two connected parts, a dual-band antenna can be manufactured with retuning in each range. The lower range will operate when all parts are connected and the antenna will operate in the upper range of the radio signal if one of the secondary and primary windings is disconnected.

In order to control such an antenna, in addition to supplying HF radio signals, power and control signals need to be supplied from the radio base station.

In order to simplify the antenna connection to any radio base station, even if the radio base station has no special function of supplying power and control commands to the antenna, the antenna is equipped with a power supply element (battery), a processor and current and voltage sensors on the high frequency line to determine the current level of tuning of the antenna to achieve resonance. In addition, a super capacitor charged from a high frequency line may be used as a power source of the antenna. This antenna design requires only two wires to provide the high frequency signal. After measuring the current and voltage in the high frequency line, the processor determines the required discrete reactive elements L and C, which are to be connected by the relays it controls. Next, the necessary elements are turned on and the antenna resonates for maximum efficiency.

Detailed Description

The present invention can be industrially implemented using known technical means, techniques and materials.

The invention is illustrated by the accompanying drawings, fig. 1 being a schematic view of an antenna structure.

The dielectric tube serves as an antenna frame and a connecting means on which the three-dimensional conductive vibrator 1 is placed in a cylindrical form. It may be made of foil glued to the frame.

The primary 2 and secondary 3 windings of the transformer are arranged on the frame. In the frame, discrete capacitive elements in the form of foil strips are inserted in the walls thereof, opposite the turns of the secondary winding of the transformer, in contact with the turns of the capacitor C₁、C₂…C_NAre formed together.

Below the transformer primary winding is the antenna input 5 (formed by connection points a and B) and the antenna control board (containing the relay unit 6), the relay unit 6 being connected to the discrete capacitors C1, C2 … CN of the transformer circuit.

Fig. 2 shows discrete reactive elements using electrodes located near the secondary winding of a transformer and forming a capacitance C therewith₁、C₂…C_NThe circuit of the antenna in the case of (1). One set of these capacitances forms a reactive system 4.

Fig. 3 shows a circuit diagram of a variant of the system of reactive elements 4 comprising L and C elements connected within the inductive gap of the series connected transformers (e.g. between points B and D) by means of a relay unit 6.

Fig. 4 shows a combined circuit and block diagram of an antenna in which discrete elements L and C are used as reactive elements.

The antenna consists of a transformer consisting of a primary inductive winding 2 and a secondary inductive winding 3, between which there is a controlled relay system 6 and a discrete element unit 4(L and C) connected with a relay. The relays are controlled and switched by a processor control unit 7, the processor control unit 7 is powered by a power supply unit, and power output is supplied from a high frequency line 8. Data about the current operating mode of the antenna and its SWR are determined using current and voltage sensors 9, which are located on the high-frequency line feeding the antenna. Upon receiving data from the current and voltage sensors, the processor calculates the offset of the antenna operating point from the current frequency and issues commands to the relay to connect or disconnect certain discrete elements L, C to change the antenna tuning. Thus, the antenna itself monitors its resonant frequency versus the frequency of the signal provided.

Fig. 5 shows a circuit diagram of a transformer for a dual-band antenna. The primary winding 2 consists of two successive inductors 2.1 and 2.2 and the secondary winding 3 consists of two successive inductors 3.1 and 3.2. The coils 2.2 and 3.2 may be disabled or enabled using relays. If they are open, the antenna operates in a lower radio signal range; if they are switched off, they operate in the higher frequency range. Fine tuning of the frequency is achieved using a system of connected reactive elements.

The working principle of the antenna is as follows.

When a high-frequency signal is applied to the primary winding 2 of the transformer, a magnetic field inducing a magnetic field is generated in the secondary winding 3. A magnetic field is generated around the transformer with its magnetic induction vector oriented along the secondary winding. The electric field having an intensity vector perpendicular to the surface of the vibrator 1 is generated by supplying a high voltage thereto from the secondary booster winding 3 of a transformer electrically connected to the vibrator 1. The following facts are assumed: the surface of the vibrator 1 is in the region of action of the magnetic field of the transformer so that the angle between the magnetic induction vector and the electric field intensity vector generated on the vibrator is close to 90 deg., a condition sufficient for forming radio waves is generated in the vicinity of the vibrator.

Since the antenna is resonant and is an open tank circuit, the introduction of any reactive element in the circuit changes the resonant frequency. Connecting discrete additional inductors and capacitors using relays in series with the transformer inductance, or shunting the transformer secondary winding to the current connection of the transformer's capacitive element, will cause a change in the resonant frequency and retune the antenna to a different frequency. This enables the antenna frequency to be retuned in the range of 10-20% of the center frequency. To switch to another range, it is necessary to disconnect or connect a part of the primary winding 2 and the secondary winding 3 of the transformer.