阅读说明：本技术 一种管状立体织物及其快速成型制备方法 (Tubular three-dimensional fabric and rapid forming preparation method thereof ) 是由 王芳芳 张方超 刘延友 李晓虎 于 2020-12-31 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种管状立体织物及其快速成型制备方法。该织物包括由多层织物和法向纤维组成,其中多层织物是由根据织物性能要求设计的单层仿形编织套逐层叠加而成,单层仿形编织套可通过一种或多种连续化编织工艺按照设计的编织参数编织成型,法向纤维可通过缝合、Z-Pin、针刺等一种或多种工艺引入纤维。本发明的管状立体织物具有组织结构多样、织物尺寸控制范围大,截面形状多样、可设计性强、通用型强、适用于连续化织造、层间性能优异等优点,使得织物可满足复杂形状、复杂应力载荷材料应用需求的复合材料成型,该织物可广泛应用于航天、航空、船舶、汽车、建筑等领域。(The invention discloses a tubular three-dimensional fabric and a rapid forming preparation method thereof. The fabric comprises a plurality of layers of fabrics and normal fibers, wherein the plurality of layers of fabrics are formed by overlapping single-layer profiling weaving sleeves designed according to the performance requirements of the fabrics layer by layer, the single-layer profiling weaving sleeves can be woven and formed according to the designed weaving parameters through one or more continuous weaving processes, and the normal fibers can be introduced into the fibers through one or more processes such as sewing, Z-Pin, needling and the like. The tubular three-dimensional fabric has the advantages of various organizational structures, large fabric size control range, various cross-sectional shapes, strong designability, strong universality, suitability for continuous weaving, excellent interlayer performance and the like, so that the fabric can meet the composite material molding of complex shapes and complex stress load material application requirements, and can be widely applied to the fields of aerospace, aviation, ships, automobiles, buildings and the like.)

1. A tubular solid fabric, characterized in that the solid fabric is composed of a plurality of layers of fabrics and normal fibers, wherein the plurality of layers of fabrics are formed by stacking a single-layer profiling weaving sleeve fabric layer by layer, and the normal fibers are introduced into the plurality of layers of fabrics along the thickness direction of the plurality of layers of fabrics.

2. The tubular three-dimensional fabric according to claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional shape is a polygon having a side length N of 3 or more, including a triangle, a quadrangle, a circle, and other polygons, but not limited to these.

3. The tubular solid fabric according to claim 1, wherein the tubular solid fabric has the same or different inner and outer cross-sectional shapes, and the inner and outer cross-sectional shapes include an inner polygonal outer polygon and an inner circular outer polygon.

4. The tubular solid fabric according to claim 1, wherein the solid fabric has a cross-sectional shape that is axisymmetric or asymmetric, i.e., the center points of the inner and outer cross-sectional shapes coincide or do not coincide.

5. The tubular solid fabric according to claim 1, wherein the different sections along the axial direction of the tubular solid fabric are of uniform or variable section.

6. The tubular solid fabric according to claim 1, wherein the multilayer fabric is formed by stacking a single-layer profiling woven sleeve fabric layer by layer according to a predetermined layering sequence.

7. The tubular volumetric fabric of claim 1, wherein the single-layer contoured braid is braid-formed by one or more continuous braiding processes according to designed braiding parameters, the braiding method of the continuous braiding process comprising one or more of 2D weaving, 2D braiding, 2.5D weaving, 2.5D braiding, three-dimensional braiding, winding, and netting.

8. The tubular solid fabric according to claim 1, wherein the introduction process of the normal fibers comprises one or more of sewing, Z-Pin and needling, the fibers are one or two of fiber filaments and fiber rods, and the normal fibers are introduced layer by layer or are wholly penetrated.

9. The tubular three-dimensional fabric according to claim 6, wherein the layering sequence is to design single-layer profile-modeling woven cover fabrics with different volume contents and different fiber directions according to material performance requirements, respectively and synchronously realize the molding of unit-layer profile-modeling woven cover fabrics with different volume contents and different fiber directions by using a continuous weaving process, and then superpose the fabric layer by layer so as to quickly realize the axial, circumferential variable-density or equal-density layering of the fabric.

10. The tubular solid fabric according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the fiber direction of the single-layer profiling woven cover fabric is designed arbitrarily according to the performance direction orientation requirement, so that the structural design diversification of the unit-layer fabric is realized, and the structure of the unit-layer fabric comprises one or more of twill, satin, unidirectional, plain, warp knitting, two-dimensional woven structure, shallow cross-bending, shallow cross-direct, deep cross-direct, three-dimensional multidirectional and net-shaped fabric.

11. The tubular volumetric fabric as defined in any one of claims 1-9, wherein the fabric is of variable or equal density in the cross-sectional direction and the fabric is of variable or equal density in the axial direction to achieve the desired versatility of the tubular material in both cross-sectional and axial directions.

12. The tubular dimensional fabric of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the multilayer fabric is woven using one or more high performance fibers comprising organic fibers and inorganic fibers.

13. The method for rapidly forming and preparing the tubular three-dimensional fabric according to any one of claims 1 to 12, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

(1) decomposing the three-dimensional fabric into a single-layer profiling weaving sleeve fabric required by weaving according to the overall dimension characteristics of the tubular three-dimensional fabric and the direction performance requirements of the composite material;

(2) selecting a single-layer profiling weaving sleeve fabric structure and designing weaving parameters of the single-layer profiling weaving sleeve fabric structure;

(3) selecting one or more continuous weaving processes to synchronously weave the required single-layer profiling weaving sleeve fabric;

(4) designing a stacking sequence according to the direction performance requirement of the composite material, and stacking the single-layer profiling woven cover fabric layer by layer according to the designed stacking sequence to form the multilayer fabric;

(5) and introducing fibers in the thickness direction of the multilayer fabric by adopting one or more processes of sewing, Z-Pin and needling to realize the connection between single-layer or multilayer fabrics and finish the weaving of the tubular three-dimensional fabric.

14. The rapid prototyping method of manufacturing of claim 13 wherein the single layer of conformable woven sleeve fabric in steps (1) - (2) is designed according to the material property requirements of fabric weave structure and fiber direction.

15. The rapid prototyping method of manufacture of claim 13 wherein in step (3) the single-layer conformable knitted jacket is formed by one or more continuous knitting processes selected directly from the group consisting of conformable tailoring, conformable knitted jacket, winding and needling, and wherein the single-layer conformable knitted jacket fabric is formed simultaneously with the single-layer conformable knitted jacket fabric of different weave structures.

16. The rapid prototyping preparation method of claim 13 wherein the step (4) of forming a plurality of layers of fabric by layer is to form a layer by stacking a single profiling woven sleeve fabric to achieve a layer of uniform thickness area according to the overall dimension of the fabric, and then to achieve a layer of uniform thickness by using a net tire, a cloth layer or a wound yarn, and to achieve precise profiling by combining a sewing or needling process.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of three-dimensional fabric weaving, and particularly relates to a tubular three-dimensional fabric and a rapid forming preparation method thereof.

Background

The stereo fabric reinforced composite material has the advantages of high specific strength, high specific modulus, high shock resistance, high designability, etc. and is essential material for advanced multifunctional composite material part and main bearing composite material part. With the wide application of the three-dimensional fabric in the fields of aerospace, transportation, national defense protection, buildings and the like, the tubular parts have more strict requirements on material performance, and some tubular parts require the fabric to bear not only torsional load but also tensile, bending compression and interlaminar load. At present, much work is done on the research of thin-wall two-dimensional tubular fabrics at home and abroad, the research on the aspect of tubular three-dimensional fabrics with connection strength among layers is less, most of research works are laminated composite materials with certain thickness formed by connecting in a bonding mode, and the lamination is easy to occur when the composite materials are stressed, so that the performance of the composite materials is influenced. The existing single-structure fabric is difficult to meet the application requirement of complex stress load materials, the patent 'woven 2D +2.5D profiling fabric combined fabric and forming method' (patent number 201310183497.0) 'a three-dimensional fabric composite roll shaft and preparation method thereof' (application number 201910367178.2) is a three-dimensional fabric formed by combining a plurality of layers of 2D and 2.5D structures and orthogonal three-dimensional and 2.5D structures and a weaving method thereof, but two kinds of structural fabrics are formed respectively, yarns between the two kinds of fabrics are not connected, the formed composite material has poor integrity and uniformity, the fabrics are easy to delaminate in the twisting process, the three-dimensional fabric in the latter patent has single section shape, raw materials and the like, the continuous forming of tubular three-dimensional fabrics with different section shapes cannot be realized, and the application range is limited.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a tubular three-dimensional fabric and a rapid forming preparation method thereof, aiming at solving the problems of poor torsion resistance, easy layering, poor uniformity and the like of the fabric in the prior art, complex preparation process, single shape of the cross section of the fabric, low weaving efficiency and the like.

The technical solution for achieving the above purpose is as follows:

a tubular three-dimensional fabric is composed of a plurality of layers of fabrics and normal fibers, wherein the plurality of layers of fabrics are formed by overlapping single-layer profiling woven sleeve fabrics layer by layer, and the normal fibers are introduced into the plurality of layers of fabrics along the thickness direction of the plurality of layers of fabrics.

The cross-sectional shape may be a polygon having a side length N of 3 or more, including a polygon such as a triangle, a quadrangle, or a circle, but is not limited to these.

Further, the inner and outer cross-sectional shapes of the tubular three-dimensional fabric are the same or different, and the inner and outer cross-sectional shapes include an inner polygonal outer polygon and an inner circular outer polygon.

Further, the cross-sectional shape of the three-dimensional fabric is axisymmetric or asymmetric, i.e. the center points of the inner and outer cross-sectional shapes coincide or do not coincide.

Further, different sections along the axial direction of the tubular three-dimensional fabric are uniform sections or variable sections.

Furthermore, the multilayer fabric is formed by stacking single-layer profiling woven sleeve fabrics layer by layer according to a preset layering sequence.

Further, the single-layer profiling weaving sleeve is formed by one or more continuous weaving processes according to the designed weaving parameters in a weaving mode, and the weaving forming method of the continuous weaving process comprises one or more of 2D weaving, 2.5D weaving, three-dimensional weaving, winding and net forming.

Further, the introduction process of the normal fibers comprises one or more of sewing, Z-Pin and needling, the fibers are one or two of fiber filaments or fiber rods, and the normal fibers are introduced layer by layer or are integrally introduced through.

Furthermore, the layering sequence is to design single-layer copying woven sleeve fabrics with different volume contents and different fiber directions according to material performance requirements, respectively and synchronously utilize a continuous weaving process to rapidly realize the molding of unit-layer copying woven sleeve fabrics with different volume contents and different fiber directions, and then to stack the fabrics layer by layer so as to rapidly realize the axial and circumferential variable density or equal density layering of the fabrics.

Furthermore, the fiber direction of the single-layer profiling woven cover fabric is designed at will according to the performance direction orientation requirement, so that the structural design diversification of the unit-layer fabric is realized, and the structure of the unit-layer fabric comprises one or more of twill, satin, one-way, plain weave, warp knitting, a two-dimensional woven structure, shallow cross-bending connection, shallow cross-direct connection, deep cross-direct connection, three-dimensional multi-direction and net tires.

Further, the fabric is variable density or equal density along the cross section direction, and the fabric is variable density or equal density along the axial direction, so that the requirement of multiple functions of the tubular material along the cross section direction and the axial direction is met.

Further, the multilayer fabric is woven using one or more high performance fibers comprising organic fibers and inorganic fibers.

The rapid forming preparation method of the tubular three-dimensional fabric comprises the following steps:

(1) decomposing the three-dimensional fabric into a single-layer profiling weaving sleeve fabric required by weaving according to the overall dimension characteristics of the tubular three-dimensional fabric and the direction performance requirements of the composite material;

(2) selecting a single-layer profiling weaving sleeve fabric structure and designing weaving parameters of the single-layer profiling weaving sleeve fabric structure;

(3) selecting one or more continuous weaving processes to synchronously weave the required single-layer profiling weaving sleeve fabric;

(4) designing a stacking sequence according to the direction performance requirement of the composite material, and stacking the single-layer profiling woven cover fabric layer by layer according to the designed stacking sequence to form the multilayer fabric;

(5) and introducing fibers in the thickness direction of the multilayer fabric by adopting one or more processes of sewing, Z-Pin and needling to realize the connection between single-layer or multilayer fabrics and finish the weaving of the tubular three-dimensional fabric.

Further, the single-layer profiling weaving sleeve fabric in the steps (1) to (2) is designed according to the fabric weave structure and the fiber direction required by the material performance.

Further, in the step (3), one or more continuous weaving processes are directly selected for the single-layer profiling weaving sleeve to profile and integrally weave and form, one or more of a profiling cutting method, an integral profiling weaving sleeve, winding and needling is utilized to realize the preparation of the single-layer profiling weaving sleeve fabric, and the single-layer profiling weaving sleeve fabrics with different tissue structures can be respectively and synchronously formed.

Furthermore, the step (4) of forming the multilayer fabric layer by layer is to stack the single profiling woven sleeve fabric to realize equal-thickness area layering according to the overall dimension of the fabric, then realize uniform variable-thickness layering by utilizing a net tire, a cloth layer or a winding yarn, and realize accurate profiling by combining a sewing or needling process.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the invention can realize the forming of different structures of tubular fabrics, the thickness requirement and the sectional shape and size requirement of the fabrics are achieved by the arrangement of the unit profiling weaving sleeves, the fabric size range is large, the weaving process is convenient to operate, and the tubular fabrics with various sectional shapes can be woven; in the weaving process, one or more continuous weaving processes are used for realizing one or more fabric structures of unit layer fabrics with the shape and the size of the profiling cross section; the connection among the multi-layer fabrics is realized by one or more processes of sewing, Z-Pin, needling and the like, so that the interlayer connection strength is increased, and the mechanical property of the material is improved;

(2) the tubular three-dimensional fabric has the advantages of various organizational structures, large fabric size control range, various cross-sectional shapes, strong designability, strong universality, suitability for continuous weaving, excellent interlayer performance and the like, so that the fabric can meet the composite material molding of complex shapes and complex stress load material application requirements, and can be widely applied to the fields of aerospace, aviation, ships, automobiles, buildings and the like.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a three-sided tubular three-dimensional fabric according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a pentagonal tubular three-dimensional fabric according to the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the cylindrical tubular three-dimensional fabric of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of an eight-sided tubular three-dimensional fabric according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a unit layer structure of an eight-sided tubular three-dimensional fabric.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a ply.

FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of a multi-layer fabric seam.

Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a hexagonal tubular solid fabric according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a unit layer structure of a hexagonal tubular three-dimensional fabric.

Fig. 10 is a schematic view of a multi-layer fabric Z-Pin.

Detailed Description

The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures.

The fabric comprises a multilayer fabric and normal fibers, wherein the multilayer fabric can be formed by weaving through one or more continuous weaving processes, and the normal fibers can be introduced into the fibers through one or more processes such as sewing, Z-Pin, needling and the like. The tubular three-dimensional fabric has the advantages of various weave structures, large fabric size control range, various section shapes, strong designability, strong universality, suitability for continuous weaving and the like, and can be used as three-side tubular three-dimensional fabrics, five-side tubular three-dimensional fabrics and cylindrical tubular three-dimensional fabrics shown in figures 1 to 3.

Example 1

Referring to fig. 4, the eight-sided tubular three-dimensional fabric prepared in this example has a length of about 1000mm, a cross-sectional shape of octagon, a small end inner side length of 30mm, a small end thickness of 10mm, and a large end thickness of 15mm, that is, the cross section of the fabric is a non-uniform cross section, the volume content is greater than or equal to 45%, the axial tensile strength and the ± 45 ° direction tensile strength of the eight-sided tubular three-dimensional fabric composite material are close, and the tensile property and the shear property are close.

The raw material can be woven by one or more high-performance fibers, and comprises organic fibers and inorganic fibers. In this embodiment, carbon fibers of the same fiber material T300-3K are selected as representative.

The multilayer fabric can be in one or more structures such as twill, satin, unidirectional, plain weave, warp knitting, two-dimensional weaving structure, shallow cross-bending connection, shallow cross-direct connection, deep cross-direct connection and three-dimensional multidirectional connection.

The method for rapidly preparing the octagonal tubular three-dimensional fabric comprises the following steps:

(1) according to the external dimension characteristics of tubular three-dimensional fabric and the directional performance requirements of composite material, the thickness direction of the fabric is decomposed into unit layers required for weaving, i.e. the fiber content in the tubular direction accounts for 1/3, the fiber content in the plus or minus 45-degree direction respectively accounts for 1/3, and the fiber trend sequence is designed to be [ 0/+ -45 ]]_nThe introduction distance of the fibers in the thickness direction is 5mm, and meanwhile, the thickened area is thinned according to the condition that the cross section of the fabric is a non-uniform-thickness cross section, so that the fabric is uniformly thickened;

(2) continuously preparing the required carbon fiber T300-3k unidirectional cloth by using a 2D weaving forming process;

(3) designing a profiling cutting programming according to the characteristics of the overall dimension of the fabric, the gradual thickening of the thickness of the fabric from the small end to the large end and the distribution of the fiber trend, and utilizing a mechanical cutting bed device to profile cut the required 0-degree and +/-45-degree single-layer profiling woven sleeve, wherein the number of layers respectively accounts for 1/3 of the total number of layers as shown in figure 5;

(4) in the order of lamination [ 0/+/-45 ]]_nOn a core mould, a single-layer profiling weaving sleeve is superposed to the thickness of 20mm layer by layer, compacted and lap seams are uniformly dispersed on the cross section, and finally an eight-side tubular multilayer fabric is formed, as shown in figure 6;

(5) then, fibers are introduced in the thickness direction of the multilayer fabric by adopting a sewing process, the sewing distance is 5mm multiplied by 5mm, the connection between the multilayer fabrics is realized, and the weaving of the tubular three-dimensional fabric is completed, as shown in figure 7.

Example 2

Referring to fig. 8, the hexagonal tubular three-dimensional fabric prepared in this example has a length of about 1000mm, a cross-sectional shape that is hexagonal, a small end inner side length of 30mm, and a uniform cross-section, a thickness of 20mm, and a volume content of 45% or more, and has a tubular tensile strength and a tensile strength in the ± 60 ° direction that are close to each other, and a tensile property and a shear property that are close to each other.

The raw material can be woven by one or more high-performance fibers, and comprises organic fibers and inorganic fibers. In this embodiment, carbon fibers of the same fiber material T300-3K are selected as representative.

The multilayer fabric can be in one or more structures such as twill, satin, unidirectional, plain weave, warp knitting, two-dimensional weaving structure, shallow cross-bending connection, shallow cross-direct connection, deep cross-direct connection and three-dimensional multidirectional connection, and in this embodiment, the two-dimensional triaxial weaving structure is taken as a representative, and the continuity of the fiber in other directions is high, the designability is strong, and the hoop is in seamless connection.

The method for rapidly preparing the hexagonal tubular three-dimensional fabric comprises the following steps:

(1) according to the external dimension characteristics of hexagonal tubular three-dimensional fabric and the performance requirements of composite material in direction, the thickness direction of the fabric is decomposed into unit layers required for weaving, namely the axial fiber content accounts for 1/3, the fiber content accounts for 1/3 in +/-60-degree direction, and the fiber trend sequence is designed to be [ 0/+/-60 ]]_nThe fiber introduction pitch in the thickness direction is 5 mm;

(2) according to the characteristics of a hexagonal tubular shape and the change of the perimeter in the thickness direction, a two-dimensional weaving forming process is utilized to continuously prepare a carbon fiber T300-3k copying weaving cylinder with a two-dimensional triaxial weaving structure with a weaving angle of 0 +/-60 degrees, and the number of layers of the carbon fiber T300-3k copying weaving cylinder accounts for 1/3 of the total number of layers as shown in FIG. 9;

(3) the single-layer profiling woven sleeve prepared in the step (2) is overlaid to the thickness of 20mm layer by layer on a core mould and compacted to finally form the octagonal tubular multi-layer fabric;

(4) then, a Z-Pin forming process is adopted to introduce fibers into T300-3K carbon rods in the thickness direction of the multilayer fabric according to the distance of 5mm multiplied by 5mm, so that the connection among the multilayer fabric is realized, and the weaving of the tubular three-dimensional fabric is completed, as shown in figure 10.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.