阅读说明：本技术 一种老井和弃井作业用套管切割锻铣工具 (Casing cutting, forging and milling tool for old well and abandoned well operation ) 是由 刘伟 黄兵 张德军 白璟 王平安 陈东 连太炜 胡超 肖占朋 冯思恒 高林 彭 于 2021-01-04 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种老井和弃井作业用套管切割锻铣工具,包括壳体、活塞、可压缩弹性件、刀槽、刀板、限位块、受剪切力可断裂件以及扶正短接,其中,活塞设置在壳体中并包括活塞头和活塞杆；可压缩弹性件套设在活塞杆上；刀槽设在壳体侧壁；刀板通过受剪切力可断裂件可转动连接在刀槽上,且刀板包括设有第一切削齿的下端面、设有第二切削齿的外端面、设有突出部的内端面、以及扶正配合部；受剪切力可断裂件能够在刀板受到从上向下的预定力时断裂；限位块设置在刀槽中,并能够限制刀板的向上运动；扶正短接与壳体的下端连接。本发明能够显著提高弃井和侧钻作用中的套管切割和锻铣效率,大幅降低套管切割和锻铣时间,缩短作业成本。(The invention provides a casing cutting, forging and milling tool for old well and abandoned well operation, which comprises a shell, a piston, a compressible elastic part, a cutter groove, a cutter plate, a limiting block, a part which can be broken by shearing force and a centralizing short circuit, wherein the piston is arranged in the shell and comprises a piston head and a piston rod; the compressible elastic element is sleeved on the piston rod; the cutter groove is arranged on the side wall of the shell; the cutter plate is rotatably connected to the cutter groove through the breakable part subjected to the shearing force, and comprises a lower end face provided with first cutting teeth, an outer end face provided with second cutting teeth, an inner end face provided with a protruding part and a centering matching part; the breakable part under the shearing force can be broken when the knife board is subjected to a preset force from top to bottom; the limiting block is arranged in the cutter groove and can limit the upward movement of the cutter plate; the righting short circuit is connected with the lower end of the shell. The invention can obviously improve the cutting and forging-milling efficiency of the casing in the well abandoning and sidetracking functions, greatly reduce the cutting and forging-milling time of the casing and shorten the operation cost.)

1. The casing cutting and forging milling tool for old well and abandoned well operation is characterized by comprising a shell, a piston, a compressible elastic part, a cutter groove, a cutter plate, a limiting block, a part which can be broken under shearing force and a centering short circuit, wherein,

the shell is in a straight cylinder shape and is provided with an upper cavity and a lower cavity which are sequentially connected from top to bottom along a central axis, and the inner diameter of the upper cavity is larger than that of the lower cavity;

the piston comprises a piston head and a piston rod which are connected with each other, the piston head is arranged in the upper cavity and is provided with a first flow passage which is arranged in a penetrating manner along the vertical direction and an outer diameter which is equal to the inner diameter of the upper cavity, and the piston rod is provided with a second flow passage which is arranged in a penetrating manner along the vertical direction and is communicated with the first flow passage and an outer diameter which is equal to the inner diameter of the lower cavity;

the compressible elastic piece is sleeved at one end of the piston rod close to the piston head and is positioned in a space formed by the upper cavity, the piston head and the piston rod;

the knife grooves are arranged on the side wall of the shell along the up-down direction and can accommodate knife boards;

the knife plate is provided with a small head end and a large head end which are connected with each other, the small head end is rotatably connected to the shell through a breakable part subjected to shearing force, the large head end comprises a lower end face provided with first cutting teeth, an outer end face provided with second cutting teeth, an inner end face provided with a protruding part and a righting matching part which is positioned between the first cutting teeth and the central axis and protrudes downwards from the extension line of the lower end face, and the protruding part of the inner end face can be pressed by the other end of the piston rod under the condition that the compressible elastic part is compressed by the piston head, so that the first cutting teeth on the lower end face of the knife plate and the second cutting teeth on the outer end face of the knife plate are outwards expanded from the knife groove;

the limiting block is arranged in the cutter groove and can limit the upward movement of the cutter plate;

the breakable part under the shearing force can be broken when the knife board is subjected to a preset force from top to bottom so as to separate the small end of the knife board from the shell;

the righting short circuit is provided with a third flow channel which penetrates through the righting short circuit in the vertical direction, the upper end of the righting short circuit is connected with the lower end of the shell, the limit of the maximum outward expansion degree of the cutter plate and the righting of the cutter plate can be realized through the mutual matching of the righting matching parts of the cutter plate, and the third flow channel can be communicated with the second flow channel.

2. The casing cutting and milling tool of claim 1, further comprising an erosion resistant nozzle disposed in a portion of the first flow passage distal from the piston rod.

3. The casing cutting and milling tool of claim 1, further comprising a disc valve fixedly disposed in the upper cavity above the piston head, the disc valve capable of diverting drilling fluid flowing from top to bottom.

4. The casing cutting and milling tool of claim 1, wherein the casing cutting and milling tool has a plurality of flutes and a plurality of blades corresponding to the number of flutes.

5. The casing cutting and forging tool according to claim 4, wherein the plurality of pockets include short pockets and long pockets arranged at intervals in a circumferential direction of the housing, the plurality of blades include short blades fitted to the short pockets and long blades fitted to the long pockets and longer in length in an up-down direction than the short blades, and in an outwardly expanded state, the first cutting teeth of the respective lower end surfaces of the plurality of long blades can be located at the same horizontal plane as the first cutting teeth of the respective lower end surfaces of the short blades, and the second cutting teeth of the respective outer end surfaces of the plurality of long blades can be located at the same circumferential plane as the second cutting teeth of the respective outer end surfaces of the short blades.

6. The casing cutting and milling tool of claim 5, wherein the number of the short flutes, the long flutes, the short blades, and the long blades is 3.

7. The casing cutting and forge milling tool of claim 5 wherein said first cutting teeth are sharpened diamond shaped teeth and said second cutting teeth are concave rounded teeth.

8. The casing cutting and forging and milling tool as claimed in claim 5, wherein a long blade mounting hole and a limiting block mounting hole are formed in the long blade groove, and a short blade mounting hole and a limiting block mounting hole are formed in the short blade groove.

9. The casing cutting and forging and milling tool of claim 1, wherein a plurality of centering blocks are equidistantly arranged on the outer circumference of the centering sub.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas well forging and milling tools, in particular to a casing cutting and forging and milling tool for old well and abandoned well operation.

Background

With the development of exploration and development towards economy and high efficiency, the old well is excavated to generate a large amount of forging and milling workload. According to statistics, about 5% -7% of old wells need to be windowed, forged and milled on the basis of old well bores through special technological means every year, and then horizontal wells are sidetracked, so that residual oil gas resources beyond 400-500 m are developed, and the old wells are revived. In addition, along with the strength of the government to environmental protection is continuously enhanced, the old well with A, B annular pressure also needs to remove a cement sheath with poor cementation through forging and milling operation, then comprehensive plugging is realized, and the damage to personnel, property and ecology caused by harmful gas leakage is eliminated.

At present, the workload of the operation of abandoning wells at home and abroad is increasing day by day, and the annual workload of abandoning old wells in the world is estimated to reach 50 hundred million dollars by 2025 years. However, casing forging and milling processes and tools which play the most critical role in the old well sidetracking and abandoned well operations are not matched in a mature manner, and especially cutting and forging milling of 127-215.9 mm casings have great challenges, and technical difficulties such as long cutting time, low forging and milling efficiency, high drilling clamping risk and the like exist, so that the requirement of efficient operation cannot be met.

In the prior art, the traditional forging and milling tool has the defects of long sleeve cutting time, too low forging and milling speed and short progress. The time for the conventional forge milling tool to completely cut the broken casing is typically over 2 hours. For example, the forging and milling speed of the traditional forging and milling tool for 139.7mm casing is less than 0.1m/h, while for 177.8mm casing is only 0.2-0.3 m/h, the working period of 10 days, even more than 1 month is usually required for forging and milling 30m casing. The popularization and application of abandoned well and old well sidetracking are seriously influenced, and the smaller the borehole size is, the greater the difficulty in cutting and forging and milling the casing is.

Therefore, it is necessary to invent a casing cutting and forging milling tool suitable for old well and abandoned well operation.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention aims to address at least one of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art. For example, one of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a cutting and forging tool suitable for casing (e.g., 127-215.9 mm casing, especially not more than 177.8mm casing) used in old well and abandoned well operations.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a casing cutting and forging milling tool for old well and abandoned well operation, which comprises a casing, a piston, a compressible elastic part, a cutter groove, a cutter plate, a limiting block, a part which can be broken by shearing force and a centralizing short joint, wherein the casing is in a straight cylinder shape and is provided with an upper cavity and a lower cavity which are sequentially connected from top to bottom along a central axis, and the inner diameter of the upper cavity is larger than that of the lower cavity; the piston comprises a piston head and a piston rod which are connected with each other, the piston head is arranged in the upper cavity and is provided with a first flow passage which is arranged in a penetrating manner along the vertical direction and an outer diameter which is equal to the inner diameter of the upper cavity, and the piston rod is provided with a second flow passage which is arranged in a penetrating manner along the vertical direction and is communicated with the first flow passage and an outer diameter which is equal to the inner diameter of the lower cavity; the compressible elastic piece is sleeved at one end of the piston rod close to the piston head and is positioned in a space formed by the upper cavity, the piston head and the piston rod; the knife grooves are arranged on the side wall of the shell along the up-down direction and can accommodate knife boards; the knife plate is provided with a small head end and a large head end which are connected with each other, the small head end is rotatably connected to the shell through a breakable part subjected to shearing force, the large head end comprises a lower end face provided with first cutting teeth, an outer end face provided with second cutting teeth, an inner end face provided with a protruding part and a righting matching part which is positioned between the first cutting teeth and the central axis and protrudes downwards from the extension line of the lower end face, and the protruding part of the inner end face can be pressed by the other end of the piston rod under the condition that the compressible elastic part is compressed by the piston head, so that the first cutting teeth on the lower end face of the knife plate and the second cutting teeth on the outer end face of the knife plate are outwards expanded from the knife groove; the limiting block is arranged in the cutter groove and can limit the upward movement of the cutter plate; the breakable part under the shearing force can be broken when the knife board is subjected to a preset force from top to bottom so as to separate the small end of the knife board from the shell; the righting short circuit is provided with a third flow channel which penetrates through the righting short circuit in the vertical direction, the upper end of the righting short circuit is connected with the lower end of the shell, the limit of the maximum outward expansion degree of the cutter plate and the righting of the cutter plate can be realized through the mutual matching of the righting matching parts of the cutter plate, and the third flow channel can be communicated with the second flow channel.

In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the sleeve cutting and milling tool may further comprise an erosion resistant nozzle disposed in a portion of the first flow passage remote from the piston rod.

In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the casing cutting and milling tool may further comprise a disc valve fixedly disposed in the upper cavity above the piston head, the disc valve being capable of diverting drilling fluid flowing from top to bottom.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the bushing cutting forge milling tool may have a plurality of pockets and a plurality of blades corresponding to the number of pockets.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of pockets may include short pockets and long pockets arranged at intervals in a circumferential direction of the housing, the plurality of blades may include short blades fitted with the short pockets, and long blades fitted with the long pockets and having a length in an up-down direction longer than that of the short blades, and in an outwardly expanded state, the first cutting teeth of the respective lower end surfaces of the plurality of long blades may be located at the same horizontal plane as the first cutting teeth of the respective lower end surfaces of the short blades, and the second cutting teeth of the respective outer end surfaces of the plurality of long blades may be located at the same circumferential plane as the second cutting teeth of the respective outer end surfaces of the short blades.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the number of the short sipes, the long sipes, the short blade plates, and the long blade plates may be 3.

In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the first cutting tooth may be a sharpened diamond-shaped tooth and the second cutting tooth may be a concave circular tooth.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the long blade groove may be opened with a long blade mounting hole and a stopper mounting hole, and the short blade groove may be opened with a short blade mounting hole and a stopper mounting hole.

In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a plurality of centering blocks may be equidistantly arranged on the outer circumference of the centering short circuit.

Advantageous effects and advantages of the present invention compared to the prior art may include at least one of the following:

(1) the first cutting teeth on the lower end surface of the cutter plate are sharpened, and the surface contact between the lower end surface of the cutter plate and the inner wall of the sleeve is converted into point contact, so that the cutting capability of the cutter plate is enhanced, and the cutting efficiency is improved;

(2) the second cutting teeth on the outer end face of the cutter plate are concave circular teeth, so that cutting off of iron wires (or iron cuttings) formed by forging and milling is facilitated, winding of the iron cuttings is prevented, and forging and milling efficiency is improved;

(3) the invention optimizes the flow channel design, improves the hydraulic jet capacity during cutting and forging milling of the sleeve and is beneficial to discharging iron scraps;

(4) the invention optimizes the structural design of the tool, and adopts an integrated molding processing technology, so that the tool body has simple and easy-to-process structure, high yield, high strength and good reliability;

(5) the sleeve forging and milling device is convenient to operate, can realize rapid cutting and high-speed long-section forging and milling operation on the sleeve (for example, a sleeve with the diameter of 127-215.9 mm, particularly a sleeve with the diameter of no more than 177.8 mm), and solves the technical problems of low sleeve forging and milling speed, short feed, cutter plate deformation, scrap iron winding, hydraulic piston failure and the like.

Drawings

FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a casing cutting and milling tool for old and abandoned well operations of the present invention;

FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic installation of an exemplary embodiment of a casing cutting and milling tool for old and abandoned well operations of the present invention;

FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic view of a compressible elastomeric member in an exemplary embodiment of a casing cutting and milling tool for old and abandoned well operations of the present invention;

FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic structural diagram of a stop block in an exemplary embodiment of a casing cutting and forging tool for old and abandoned well operations in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 5a shows a top view of the configuration of a cutter plate in an exemplary embodiment of a casing cutting and milling tool for old and abandoned well operations of the present invention;

FIG. 5b shows a structural left side view of a cutter plate in an exemplary embodiment of a casing cutting and milling tool for old and abandoned well operations of the present invention;

FIG. 5c shows a front view of the configuration of the cutter plate in an exemplary embodiment of the casing cutting and milling tool for old and abandoned well operations of the present invention.

The reference numerals are explained below:

1-shell, 2-disc valve, 3-nozzle, 4-piston, 5-spring, 6-limiting block, 7-shearing pin, 8-long knife plate, 9-short knife plate, 10-centralizing short circuit, 11-long knife groove, 12-short knife groove, 13-centralizing block, 14-first cutting tooth and 15-second cutting tooth.

Detailed Description

Hereinafter, the casing cutting and forging tool for old and abandoned well operations of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to exemplary embodiments. Herein, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used merely for convenience of description and for convenience of distinction, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or a strict order of magnitude.

The terms "up", "down" and "from top to bottom" of the present invention are relative terms, and typically drilling fluid supplied downhole from the surface passes first through what is referred to herein as "up" and then through what is referred to herein as "down". That is, for a vertical working position, the present sleeve cutting and milling tool is in the right direction from top to bottom as described herein. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the term "up", "down", and "from top to bottom" as used herein correspond to "left", "right", and "from left to right" when the casing cutting and milling tool of the present invention is used for sidetracking or horizontal drilling of an old well.

In one exemplary embodiment of the invention, a casing cutting and forging tool for old well and abandoned well operations comprises a shell, a piston, a compressible elastic part, a cutter groove, a cutter plate, a limiting block, a fracture part subjected to shearing force and a centering short joint.

Specifically, the housing has a straight cylindrical shape and has an upper chamber and a lower chamber connected in this order from top to bottom along a central axis, and the inner diameter of the upper chamber is larger than that of the lower chamber. The shell is used for installing components such as a piston, a compressible elastic element, a knife plate, a knife groove, a breakable element subjected to shearing force, a limiting block and the like in the shell so as to realize the basic functions of opening and closing the knife plate.

The piston includes a piston head and a piston rod connected to each other. The piston head is arranged in the upper cavity and is provided with a first flow passage which penetrates through the upper cavity in the vertical direction and an outer diameter which is equal to the inner diameter of the upper cavity. The piston rod is provided with a second flow passage which is arranged in a penetrating manner along the vertical direction and is communicated with the first flow passage, and an outer diameter which is equal to the inner diameter of the lower cavity. Here, the drilling fluid can flow from the first flow passage to the second flow passage in the up-down direction, thereby achieving circulation of the drilling fluid and carrying out cutting iron pieces (or iron pins).

The compressible elastic piece is sleeved at one end, close to the piston head, of the piston rod and is positioned in a space formed by the upper cavity, the piston head and the piston rod. After the pump is started, the hydraulic acting force of the drilling fluid acts on the upper end face of the piston rod to push the piston rod to move downwards, so that the compressible elastic part is in a compressed state; after the pump is stopped, the hydraulic acting force of the drilling fluid on the upper end surface of the piston rod is suddenly reduced, and the elastic acting force of the compressible elastic part pushes the piston rod to move upwards. For example, the compressible resilient member may be a spring.

The knife grooves are arranged on the side wall of the shell along the up-down direction and can accommodate knife boards.

The cutting board has a small head end and a large head end connected to each other. The small end is rotatably connected to the housing by a breakable member subject to shear forces. The large head end comprises a lower end face provided with a first cutting tooth, an outer end face provided with a second cutting tooth, an inner end face provided with a protruding part, and a righting matching part which is positioned between the first cutting tooth and the central axis and protrudes downwards to the extension line of the lower end face; the protrusion of the inner end surface can be pressed by the other end of the piston rod under the condition that the compressible elastic piece is compressed by the piston head, so that the first cutting teeth of the lower end surface of the knife plate and the second cutting teeth of the outer end surface of the knife plate are outwards expanded from the knife groove. The terms "inner", "outer", and "inside-out" as used herein refer to relative orientations and generally refer to the blade being rotated from a position "inside" the lower cavity of the housing to a position "outside" the housing during operation of the bushing cutting and milling tool.

The first cutting teeth may be sharpened diamond-shaped teeth mounted on a lower end face of the cutter plate for cutting of the casing. The second cutting teeth can be concave circular teeth which are arranged on the outer end face of the cutter plate and used for sleeve forging and milling. The lower end face of the cutter plate is in point contact with the inner wall of the sleeve by sharpening the rhombic teeth, so that the sleeve can be efficiently cut; the concave circular teeth enable the cutting teeth to have certain internal chamfers, so that cutting of rock debris during forging and milling is facilitated, long iron pins and winding of the iron pins during sleeve forging and milling are prevented, and the forging and milling speed and the footage are improved. For example, the first cutting tooth may be a diamond-shaped tungsten carbide cutting tooth, and the second cutting tooth may be a concave circular tungsten carbide cutting tooth, and the concave circular tooth may be mounted on the outer end surface of the cutter plate with non-uniform teeth, that is, the concave circular teeth are not necessarily arranged according to a certain angle or size.

Here, the bushing cutting forge milling tool may have a plurality of pockets, and a plurality of blades corresponding to the number of pockets. The plurality of cutter grooves may include short cutter grooves and long cutter grooves arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the housing; the plurality of knife boards may include a short knife board engaged with the short knife slot, and a long knife board engaged with the long knife slot and having a length in an up-down direction longer than that of the short knife board. In the outwardly-expanded state, the first cutting teeth of the respective lower end surfaces of the plurality of long blades and the first cutting teeth of the respective lower end surfaces of the short blades can be located on the same horizontal plane, and the second cutting teeth of the respective outer end surfaces of the plurality of long blades and the second cutting teeth of the respective outer end surfaces of the short blades can be located on the same circumferential plane. The long knife groove can be provided with long knife board mounting holes, and the short knife groove can be provided with short knife board mounting holes.

For example, the number of the short sipes, the long sipes, the short knife plates, and the long knife plates may be 3. Wherein, 3 long tool grooves and 3 short tool grooves are arranged along the circumference of the lower cavity of the shell at intervals in a staggered manner, and the shapes of the 3 long tool plates and the 3 short tool plates are configured as follows: the combination position of 3 long cutting boards and long knife grooves is positioned above the combination position of 3 short cutting boards and short knife grooves, and under the extrusion action of the piston rod, the first cutting teeth of 3 long cutting boards and the first cutting teeth of 3 short cutting boards are positioned on the same circumferential surface, and the second cutting teeth of 3 long cutting boards and the second cutting teeth of 3 short cutting boards are positioned on the same horizontal plane. The long knife groove can be provided with a long knife plate mounting hole as the combination position of the long knife plate and the short knife groove, and the short knife groove is provided with a short knife plate mounting hole as the combination position of the short knife plate and the short knife groove. For a sleeve with the size of 127-215.9 mm, the 3 long knife boards and the 3 short knife boards are arranged, so that the situation that the wall thickness of the whole knife is too thin after the knife groove is formed and the torsional strength of the body is not favorable due to the fact that 6 knives are arranged on the same horizontal plane can be effectively avoided. The 3 long knife boards and the 3 short knife boards can be arranged in a vertically staggered mode at the combination positions of the 6 knife boards and the knife grooves, so that the wall thickness can be increased, and the 6 knife boards can be arranged. For a sleeve with the size of 127-215.9 mm, the effect is best when 6 knife boards are arranged, the number of the knife boards is more than 6, for example, 8, the cutting effect is not ideal, the number of the knife boards is less than 6, for example, 3, the knife boards are easy to break, and the good cutting effect cannot be achieved.

The limiting block is arranged in the cutter groove and can limit the upward movement of the cutter plate. A limiting block mounting hole can be formed in the cutter groove. Here, the stop blocks serve to prevent the tool plate from moving up or shearing off the sheared breakable piece when the tool is cutting and forge milling the casing.

The shearing force breakable piece can be broken when the knife board is subjected to a preset force from top to bottom so as to separate the small head end of the knife board from the shell. The sleeve cutting forging milling tool comprises a sleeve, a cutter plate, a cutter groove and a shearing force breakable part, wherein the shearing force breakable part has a connecting function and a shearing function, and when the sleeve cutting forging milling tool normally performs cutting and forging milling operations, the shearing force breakable part is used for fixing the cutter plate on the cutter groove so as to realize the functions of opening and closing the cutter plate; after the sleeve cutting and forging milling tool is finished, if the cutter plate cannot be automatically folded, the cutter plate is folded or separated from the cutter groove and falls to the bottom of the well by shearing off the breakable part subjected to the shearing force, so that the tool is taken out. For example, the connecting element breakable by shearing force may be a shear pin which can be broken by the force from top to bottom, and if the condition that the cutter is to be lost is confirmed, the shear pin can be sheared by lifting the drill with a predetermined force larger than the maximum stress of the shear pin.

The righting short circuit is provided with a third flow channel which penetrates through the righting short circuit in the vertical direction, the upper end of the righting short circuit is connected with the lower end of the shell, and the righting short circuit can be matched with the righting matching parts of the cutting board to limit the maximum outward expansion degree of the cutting board and righting the cutting board. The third flow passage can be in communication with the second flow passage. A plurality of centering blocks may be equidistantly arranged on the outer circumference of the centering sub to keep the casing cutting and milling tool centered during operation, for example, the number of the centering blocks may be 6.

In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the sleeve cutting and milling tool may further include an erosion resistant nozzle disposed in a portion of the first flow passage remote from the piston rod. The nozzle can be made of high-strength hard alloy materials, has a throttling effect, can increase the hydraulic acting force of the drilling fluid on the upper end face of the piston rod, and can prevent the drilling fluid from eroding the inner wall of the piston rod.

In yet another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the casing cutting and milling tool may further include a disc valve fixedly disposed in the upper cavity above the piston head, the disc valve being capable of diverting drilling fluid flowing from top to bottom. The disc valve is used for realizing central shunt of drilling fluid, namely the disc valve can shunt the drilling fluid flowing through the inside of the shell, so that the drilling fluid pressure flowing through the disc valve can act on the upper end face of the piston rod more uniformly and more greatly, and the piston rod can be pushed to move downwards.

In addition, the components such as the disk valve, the nozzle, the piston, the compressible elastic piece, the knife plate, the knife groove and the like can be integrally machined and installed in the shell by adopting an integral molding machining process, so that the sleeve cutting, forging and milling tool can be integrally molded. The simulation mechanics simulation can be carried out on the whole structure of the sleeve cutting and forging milling tool, the flow channel design is reasonably optimized, and the hydraulic jet capacity during sleeve cutting and forging milling is improved, for example, the size of the radius of the flow channel outlet, the gap for assembling the cutter plate and the size of the annular flow channel space can be optimally designed.

For a better understanding of the above-described exemplary embodiments of the present invention, reference is made to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific examples.

Example 1

In this example, a well casing cutting forges milling instrument for old well and abandonment well operation includes casing, piston, spring, 3 long sword grooves, 3 short sword grooves, 3 long cutting boards, 3 short cutting boards, stopper, shearing pin, and right the short circuit.

The shell is provided with an upper cavity and a lower cavity which are sequentially connected from top to bottom along a central axis, and the inner diameter of the upper cavity is larger than that of the lower cavity. The piston is provided with a piston head and a piston rod which are connected with each other, the outer diameter of the piston head is equal to the inner diameter of the upper cavity, and the outer diameter of the piston rod is equal to the inner diameter of the lower cavity. The piston head is arranged in the upper cavity and is provided with a first flow passage which penetrates through the upper cavity and the lower cavity in the up-down direction. The piston rod is arranged in the lower cavity and can move up and down along the central axis of the lower cavity, and the piston rod is provided with a second flow passage which is arranged in a penetrating mode along the up-down direction and communicated with the first flow passage. The spring is sleeved at one end of the piston rod close to the piston head and is positioned in a space formed by the upper cavity, the piston head and the piston rod. The 3 long cutter grooves and the 3 short cutter grooves are arranged on the outer circumference of the shell and are arranged along the circumferential direction of the lower cavity at intervals in a staggered mode, and the opening positions of the long cutter grooves are located above the opening positions of the short cutter grooves. The 3 long knife boards and the 3 short knife boards are respectively rotatably connected in the corresponding long knife grooves and the corresponding short knife grooves through the shearing pins. The cutting board is provided with a small head end and a large head end which are connected with each other, the small head end is rotatably connected to the shell through a shearing pin, and the large head end comprises a lower end face provided with a first cutting tooth, an outer end face provided with a second cutting tooth, an inner end face provided with a protruding portion and a righting matching portion which is located between the first cutting tooth and the central axis and protrudes downwards from an extension line of the lower end face. The first cutting tooth is a sharpened diamond-shaped tungsten carbide cutting tooth, and the second cutting tooth is an inwards concave circular tungsten carbide cutting tooth. The limiting blocks are respectively arranged in the long cutter groove and the short cutter groove and are positioned above the shearing pins. The lower extreme at the casing is connected to the short circuit of righting, and the outer circumference of righting the short circuit is equidistant to be provided with 6 and right the piece. The righting short circuit is provided with a third flow channel which penetrates through the righting short circuit along the vertical direction, and the third flow channel can be communicated with the second flow channel.

When no pump pressure is applied (namely, in an installation state), the small end ends of the long cutter plate and the short cutter plate are respectively connected in the long cutter groove and the short cutter groove, and the large end is positioned in the lower cavity of the shell.

During forging and milling operation (namely after a pump is started), drilling fluid flows through the first flow passage and the second flow passage of the piston and the third flow passage for centralizing the short circuit from the well head and then flows to the well bottom, so that circulation of the drilling fluid is realized. In the flowing process of the drilling fluid, the energy of the drilling fluid acts on the upper end face of the piston rod to push the piston rod to compress the spring to move downwards, and the lower end of the piston rod is in contact with the protruding part of the knife board to sequentially push the long knife board and the short knife board to open outwards. In the opening process of the cutting board, the upper end of the righting short circuit is matched with the righting matching part of the cutting board, so that the limitation on the maximum outward opening degree of the cutting board is realized. Then, rotating the drilling tool to drive the tool to perform casing cutting, forging and milling operation, enabling the sharpened diamond-shaped tungsten carbide cutting teeth on the lower end face of the cutter plate to be in point contact with the inner wall of the casing, and rotating the drill column to achieve continuous casing cutting; and after the sleeve is completely cut off, the concave circular tungsten carbide cutting teeth on the outer end face of the cutter plate contact the sleeve, and drilling pressure is applied to realize continuous forging and milling of the sleeve.

When the forging and milling operation is finished (namely after the pump is stopped), the piston rod moves upwards through the elastic restoring force of the spring, meanwhile, the long cutter plate and the short cutter plate can be pushed back to the corresponding cutter grooves by utilizing the force generated by the contact of the drilling tool and the well wall, and if the cutter plates cannot be automatically retracted, the shearing pins can be cut off, so that the cutter plates are separated from the cutter grooves and fall to the bottom of the well.

Example 2

In this example, a well casing cutting forges milling instrument for old well and abandonment well operation includes casing, nozzle, piston, spring, 3 long sword grooves, 3 short sword grooves, 3 long cutting boards, 3 short cutting boards, stopper, shearing pin, and right the short circuit.

The shell is provided with an upper cavity and a lower cavity which are sequentially connected from top to bottom along a central axis, and the inner diameter of the upper cavity is larger than that of the lower cavity. The piston is provided with a piston head and a piston rod which are connected with each other, the outer diameter of the piston head is equal to the inner diameter of the upper cavity, and the outer diameter of the piston rod is equal to the inner diameter of the lower cavity. The piston head is arranged in the upper cavity and is provided with a first flow passage which penetrates through the upper cavity and the lower cavity in the up-down direction. The piston rod is arranged in the lower cavity and can move up and down along the central axis of the lower cavity, and the piston rod is provided with a second flow passage which is arranged in a penetrating mode along the up-down direction and communicated with the first flow passage. The spring is sleeved at one end of the piston rod close to the piston head and is positioned in a space formed by the upper cavity, the piston head and the piston rod. The nozzle is arranged in a portion of the first flow passage of the piston head remote from the piston rod, and the flow passage of the nozzle is capable of communicating with the second flow passage of the piston rod. The 3 long cutter grooves and the 3 short cutter grooves are arranged on the outer circumference of the shell and are arranged along the circumferential direction of the lower cavity at intervals in a staggered mode, and the opening positions of the long cutter grooves are located above the opening positions of the short cutter grooves. The 3 long knife boards and the 3 short knife boards are respectively rotatably connected in the corresponding long knife grooves and the corresponding short knife grooves through the shearing pins. The cutting board is provided with a small head end and a large head end which are connected with each other, the small head end is rotatably connected to the shell through a shearing pin, and the large head end comprises a lower end face provided with a first cutting tooth, an outer end face provided with a second cutting tooth, an inner end face provided with a protruding portion and a righting matching portion which is located between the first cutting tooth and the central axis and protrudes downwards from an extension line of the lower end face. The first cutting tooth is a sharpened diamond-shaped tungsten carbide cutting tooth, and the second cutting tooth is an inwards concave circular tungsten carbide cutting tooth. The limiting blocks are respectively arranged in the long cutter groove and the short cutter groove and are positioned above the shearing pins. The lower extreme at the casing is connected to the short circuit of righting, and the outer circumference of righting the short circuit is equidistant to be provided with 6 and right the piece. The righting short circuit is provided with a third flow channel which penetrates through the righting short circuit along the vertical direction, and the third flow channel can be communicated with the second flow channel.

When no pump pressure is applied (namely, in an installation state), the small end ends of the long cutter plate and the short cutter plate are respectively connected in the long cutter groove and the short cutter groove, and the large end is positioned in the lower cavity of the shell.

When forging and milling operation is carried out (namely after a pump is started), drilling fluid flows through the nozzle, the first flow passage and the second flow passage of the piston and the third flow passage for righting the short joint from the well head and then flows to the well bottom, so that circulation of the drilling fluid is realized. In the flowing process of the drilling fluid, the nozzle has a throttling function, so that the erosion of the drilling fluid to the inner wall of the piston rod can be prevented, the hydraulic acting force of the drilling fluid acting on the upper end face of the piston rod can be increased, the piston rod compression spring is pushed to move downwards, the lower end of the piston rod is contacted with the protruding part of the cutter plate, and the long cutter plate and the short cutter plate are sequentially pushed to be outwards opened. In the opening process of the cutting board, the upper end of the righting short circuit is matched with the righting matching part of the cutting board, so that the limitation on the maximum outward opening degree of the cutting board is realized. Then, rotating the drilling tool to drive the tool to perform casing cutting, forging and milling operation, enabling the sharpened diamond-shaped tungsten carbide cutting teeth on the lower end face of the cutter plate to be in point contact with the inner wall of the casing, and rotating the drill column to achieve continuous casing cutting; and after the sleeve is completely cut off, the concave circular tungsten carbide cutting teeth on the outer end face of the cutter plate contact the sleeve, and drilling pressure is applied to realize continuous forging and milling of the sleeve.

When the forging and milling operation is finished (namely after the pump is stopped), the piston rod moves upwards through the elastic restoring force of the spring, meanwhile, the long cutter plate and the short cutter plate can be pushed back to the corresponding cutter grooves by utilizing the force generated by the contact of the drilling tool and the well wall, and if the cutter plates cannot be automatically retracted, the shearing pins can be cut off, so that the cutter plates are separated from the cutter grooves and fall to the bottom of the well.

Example 3

In this example, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a casing cutting and forging tool for old well and abandoned well operations comprises a housing 1, a disk valve 2, a nozzle 3, a piston 4, a spring 5, a limiting block 6, a shearing pin 7, a long cutter plate 8, a short cutter plate 9, a centering sub 10, a long cutter groove 11, a short cutter groove 12 and a centering block 13. The left-to-right direction in fig. 1 and 2 is the direction from top to bottom in the present invention.

Wherein, the shell 1 has an upper cavity and a lower cavity which are connected in sequence from top to bottom along the central axis, and the inner diameter of the upper cavity is larger than that of the lower cavity. The piston 4 has a piston head and a piston rod connected to each other, and the outer diameter of the piston head is equal to the inner diameter of the upper chamber and the outer diameter of the piston rod is equal to the inner diameter of the lower chamber. The piston head is disposed in the upper chamber of the housing 1 and has a first flow passage provided therethrough in the up-down direction. The piston rod is arranged in the lower cavity of the shell 1 and can move up and down along the central axis of the lower cavity, and the piston rod is provided with a second flow passage which is arranged in a penetrating mode in the up-down direction and communicated with the first flow passage. The spring 5 is sleeved at one end of the piston rod close to the piston head and is positioned in a space formed by the upper cavity, the piston head and the piston rod. The nozzle 3 is arranged in a portion of the first flow passage of the piston 4 remote from the piston rod, and the flow passage of the nozzle 3 is capable of communicating with the second flow passage of the piston rod. The disc valve 2 is fixedly arranged in the upper cavity of the shell 1 and is positioned above the piston 4, and the disc valve 2 can divide the drilling fluid flowing from top to bottom. The number of the long cutter grooves 11 and the short cutter grooves 12 is 3. The 3 long cutter grooves 11 and the 3 short cutter grooves 12 are arranged on the outer circumference of the shell 1 and are arranged along the circumferential direction of the lower cavity at intervals in a staggered mode, and the opening positions of the long cutter grooves 11 are located above the opening positions of the short cutter grooves 12. The number of the long knife boards 8 and the short knife boards 9 is 3. The 3 long cutter plates 8 and the 3 short cutter plates 9 are respectively installed in the corresponding long cutter grooves 11 and short cutter grooves 12 through the shearing pins 7. The limiting blocks 6 are respectively arranged in the long cutter grooves 11 and the short cutter grooves 12 and are positioned above the shearing pins 7. The short circuit 10 of righting is connected at the lower extreme of casing 1, and the outer circumference of short circuit 10 of righting is equidistant to be provided with 6 pieces of righting piece 13. The centering short circuit 10 has a third flow channel penetrating in the vertical direction, and the third flow channel can be communicated with the second flow channel.

The spring 5 has a structure as shown in fig. 3, and the spring 5 is a coil spring.

The structure of the limiting block 6 is as shown in fig. 4, the limiting block 6 is provided with a concave platform for preventing the long cutter plate and the short cutter plate from moving upwards or shearing off the shear pin when the sleeve cutting and forging milling tool is used for cutting and forging and milling the sleeve.

The structure of the knife plate is shown in fig. 5a, 5b and 5c, the direction from left to right in fig. 5a is the direction from the upper end to the lower end in this example, and the direction from top to bottom in fig. 5a is the direction from the outer end to the inner end in this example. The cutting board has a small end and a large end connected with each other, the small end is rotatably connected on the housing through a shear pin, and the large end comprises a lower end face provided with a first cutting tooth 14, an outer end face provided with a second cutting tooth 15, an inner end face provided with a protruding portion, and a righting matching portion located between the first cutting tooth 14 and the central axis of the housing and protruding downwards from the extension line of the lower end face. The first cutting tooth 14 is a sharpened diamond-shaped tungsten carbide cutting tooth, and the second cutting tooth 15 is an inwardly concave circular tungsten carbide cutting tooth.

In the absence of a pump pressure (i.e., in the installed state), the small end of the long blade 8 and the small end of the short blade 9 are respectively connected in the long blade groove 11 and the short blade groove 12, and the large end is located in the lower cavity of the housing 1.

When forging and milling operation is carried out (namely after a pump is started), drilling fluid flows to the disc valve 2 from a well head, flows through the nozzle 3, the first flow passage and the second flow passage of the piston 4 and the third flow passage of the centralizing short joint 10 after being divided by the disc valve 2, and then flows to the well bottom, so that circulation of the drilling fluid is realized. In the flowing process of the drilling fluid, the disc valve 2 has a shunting function, so that the pressure of the drilling fluid flowing through the disc valve 2 can act on the surface of the piston more uniformly; the nozzle 3 has a throttling function, so that erosion of drilling fluid to the inner wall of the piston rod can be prevented, the hydraulic acting force of the drilling fluid acting on the upper end face of the piston rod can be increased, the piston rod compression spring 5 is pushed to move downwards, the lower end of the piston rod is contacted with the protruding portion of the cutter plate, and the long cutter plate 8 and the short cutter plate 9 are sequentially pushed to be opened outwards. In the opening process of the knife boards, the upper ends of the centering short circuits 10 are respectively matched with the centering matching parts of the long knife boards 8 and the short knife boards 9, so that the limitation on the maximum outward expansion degree of the knife boards is realized. Then, the rotary drilling tool drives the tool to perform casing cutting and forging milling operation, the first cutting teeth 14 (namely the sharpened diamond-shaped tungsten carbide cutting teeth) on the lower end face of the cutter plate are in point contact with the inner wall of the casing, and the drill string is rotated to realize continuous casing cutting; after the sleeve is completely cut off, the second cutting teeth 15 (namely, the concave circular tungsten carbide cutting teeth) on the outer end face of the cutter plate contact the sleeve, and the continuous forging and milling of the sleeve are realized by applying drilling pressure.

When the forging and milling operation is finished (namely after the pump is stopped), the piston rod moves upwards through the elastic restoring force of the spring 5, meanwhile, the long cutter plate 8 and the short cutter plate 9 can be pushed back to the corresponding cutter grooves by utilizing the force generated by the contact of the drilling tool and the well wall, and if the cutter plates cannot be automatically withdrawn, the shearing pins 7 can be sheared, so that the cutter plates are separated from the cutter grooves and fall to the bottom of the well.

In summary, the advantages of the casing cutting and forging tool for old well and abandoned well operations of the present invention may include:

(1) the first cutting teeth on the lower end surface of the cutter plate are sharpened, and the surface contact between the lower end surface of the cutter plate and the inner wall of the sleeve is converted into point contact, so that the cutting capability of the cutter plate is enhanced, and the cutting efficiency is improved;

(2) the second cutting teeth on the outer end face of the cutter plate are concave circular teeth, so that cutting off of iron wires (or iron cuttings) formed by forging and milling is facilitated, winding of the iron cuttings is prevented, and forging and milling efficiency is improved;

(3) the invention optimizes the flow channel design, improves the hydraulic jet capacity during cutting and forging milling of the sleeve and is beneficial to discharging iron scraps;

(4) the invention optimizes the structural design of the tool, and adopts an integrated molding processing technology, so that the tool body has simple and easy-to-process structure, high yield, high strength and good reliability;

(5) the sleeve forging and milling device is convenient to operate, can realize rapid cutting and high-speed long-section forging and milling operation on the sleeve (for example, a sleeve with the diameter of 127-215.9 mm, particularly a sleeve with the diameter of no more than 177.8 mm), and solves the technical problems of low sleeve forging and milling speed, short feed, cutter plate deformation, scrap iron winding, hydraulic piston failure and the like.

Although the present invention has been described above in connection with the exemplary embodiments and the accompanying drawings, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that various modifications may be made to the above-described embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims.