阅读说明：本技术 适用构建底孔型鱼道景观跌水堰结构 (Be suitable for and found bottom hole type fishway view weir structure that falls ) 是由 黄森军 魏俊 叶更强 郑亨 张博 邱辉 赵进勇 孙健 于 2021-07-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种适用构建底孔型鱼道景观跌水堰结构。本发明适用于水生态治理技术领域。本发明的技术方案为一种适用构建底孔型鱼道景观跌水堰结构,其特征在于：具有沿水流方向依次设置的堰体、消力池和流态营造区,其中堰体的下游侧为多级跌水,堰体内设有连通其上、下游的底孔型鱼道并配有闸门,流态营造区底部错落布置有若干散石。所述多级跌水的跌坎高度介于20～40cm之间。所述多级跌水表面嵌有能形成滚水过流效果的若干河卵石。所述消力池蓄水深度大于等于50cm。所述散石最小散石粒径根据最大过流流速确定且大于等于40cm,散石采用错缝布置,构造高低流速交替的自然流态。(The invention relates to a structure suitable for constructing a bottom hole type fishway landscape water falling weir. The invention is suitable for the technical field of water ecological management. The technical scheme of the invention is that the invention is suitable for constructing a bottom hole type fishway landscape water falling weir structure, and is characterized in that: the hydraulic rock dam comprises a weir body, a stilling pool and a flow state building area which are sequentially arranged along the water flow direction, wherein the downstream side of the weir body is a multi-stage drop, a bottom hole type fishway communicated with the upper and lower reaches of the weir body is arranged in the weir body and is provided with a gate, and a plurality of loose stones are arranged at the bottom of the flow state building area in a staggered manner. The height of the falling threshold of the multistage falling water is between 20 cm and 40 cm. And a plurality of cobbles capable of forming a rolling water overflowing effect are embedded on the surface of the multi-stage water drop. The water storage depth of the stilling pool is more than or equal to 50 cm. The particle size of the minimum loose stone of the loose stone is determined according to the maximum flow velocity of overflow and is more than or equal to 40cm, the loose stone adopts staggered joint arrangement, and a natural flow state with alternating high and low flow velocities is constructed.)

1. The utility model provides a be suitable for and found bottom hole type fishway view hydraulic weir structure which characterized in that: the hydraulic rock dam comprises a weir body, a stilling pool and a flow state building area which are sequentially arranged along the water flow direction, wherein the downstream side of the weir body is a multi-stage drop, a bottom hole type fishway communicated with the upper and lower reaches of the weir body is arranged in the weir body and is provided with a gate, and a plurality of loose stones are arranged at the bottom of the flow state building area in a staggered manner.

2. The suitable structure bottom hole type fish way view hydraulic drop weir structure of claim 1, characterized in that: the height of the falling threshold of the multistage falling water is between 20 cm and 40 cm.

3. The suitable structure bottom hole type fish way landscape water falling weir structure of claim 1 or 2, wherein: and a plurality of cobbles capable of forming a rolling water overflowing effect are embedded on the surface of the multi-stage water drop.

4. The suitable structure bottom hole type fish way view hydraulic drop weir structure of claim 1, characterized in that: the water storage depth of the stilling pool is more than or equal to 50 cm.

5. The suitable structure bottom hole type fish way view hydraulic drop weir structure of claim 1, characterized in that: the particle size of the minimum loose stone of the loose stone is determined according to the maximum flow velocity of overflow and is more than or equal to 40cm, the loose stone adopts staggered joint arrangement, and a natural flow state with alternating high and low flow velocities is constructed.

6. The adapted structure of constructing bottom-hole type fish way landscape waterfall weir structure of claim 5, wherein the smallest particle size D of the loose stone_mFrom the maximum flow velocity V_maxPebble density ρ_sIs, water density ρ_wCoefficient of influence of turbulent flow E_iAnd gradient correction factor K determination

Maximum flow velocity V_maxMean flow velocity from cross section V₀Pebble water-blocking area A_sAnd water passing area A_gesComputing

7. The suitable structure of constructing bottom hole type fish way view hydraulic drop weir structure of claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: the distance between the loose stones is preferably 3-4 times of the minimum particle size of the loose stones.

8. The suitable structure bottom hole type fish way view hydraulic drop weir structure of claim 1, characterized in that: the bottom hole type fishway is formed in an overflowing culvert pipe embedded in the weir body.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a structure suitable for constructing a bottom hole type fishway landscape water falling weir. Is applicable to the technical field of water ecological management.

Background

The overflow weir is a water retaining and overflowing structure which is widely not close to a river and is used for meeting the requirements of protecting riverbeds, irrigating farmlands, landscape water surfaces of urban areas and the like. The traditional overflow weir mainly undertakes the irrigation task, the overflow surface is basically in a circular arc type or a slope type, the overflow surface is smooth and has a larger slope, the bottom hole mainly has the function of sand washing, and the function is single.

Rivers are important habitats of fishes, microorganisms and the like, provide space for growth, activity and propagation of organisms, and have the characteristic of ecological multi-dimensional communication. Therefore, from the ecological perspective, the conventional overflow weir cuts off the longitudinal continuity of the river, and cannot meet the migration and up-tracking requirements of the fishes and the benthic organisms, so that the stability of an ecological system is affected.

Along with the development of ecological water conservancy, the overflow weir gradually transits to ecology and landscape, and a landscape water falling weir appears. The water falling weir of part of the landscape is combined with the fishway theory, the fish passing requirements are met by the measures of reducing the gradient of the overflowing surface, arranging a reservoir on the overflowing surface and the like, but the water falling weir can not be applied to the fishes and benthonic organisms with weak jumping capability; for the area with large fall, in order to meet the requirements of the fishway, the extended length of the weir body is large, on one hand, the upstream capability of the fishes cannot be met, and on the other hand, the economy is poor; most landscape water falling weirs are mainly ornamental and cannot meet the requirement of fish passing. Therefore, the novel overflow weir structure is developed, the traditional water conservancy function can be guaranteed, the ecological landscape requirement can be met, the upward channel tracing of the fishes and the benthos is guaranteed, the longitudinal connectivity of the river is realized, and the novel overflow weir structure has important engineering and scientific significance.

Chinese patent CN 108797525 a discloses an ecological landscape barrage and a construction method thereof, the ecological landscape barrage comprises a barrage and various levels of drop water, the barrage is a water retaining building, zigzag-shaped multistage serial drop water is arranged next to the barrage at the downstream of the barrage to form a multistage artificial waterfall with varying drop height, drop ponds are respectively arranged between the barrage and the first level drop water and between the drop water at each level for energy dissipation, and meanwhile, by using the serial multistage drop water, fishways are arranged or fishladders are directly formed to be used as biological migration channels; all the drop ponds are used as landscape ponds; in addition, for the weir dam which does not overflow in the dry season, the middle part of the weir dam is provided with an ecological flow discharge hole which is also used as a fish passing hole. The invention solves the problems of dam crossing of migratory organisms such as fishes and the like and local cutoff of the downstream of the weir dam, is beneficial to protecting the biological diversity of rivers, improves the landscape effects of the flat surface and the vertical surface of the weir dam and the overall landscape level, ensures that the weir dam has the functions of convenience for people and hydrophilicity, and has better social, economic and comprehensive benefits.

Chinese patent CN106417136A discloses a landscape drop structure with seasonal river water quality improvement function, which comprises a C-shaped cofferdam constructed at a drop position of a river channel, wherein the top of the C-shaped cofferdam is flush with a flood line of the river channel, the bottom of the C-shaped cofferdam is 5-10 cm lower than a dry season line of the river channel, a ladder with a descending gradient of 15-45 degrees is arranged on the inner side of the C-shaped cofferdam, a plurality of first water outlets are arranged on the middle height of the ladder, a step-shaped arc-shaped low weir extends inwards from the lower part of the ladder, a plurality of second water outlets are arranged on the arc-shaped low weir, the top of the arc-shaped low weir is 0.5-1.0 m higher than the bottom of the C-shaped cofferdam, the arc-shaped low weir and the ladder form a pond in the middle area of the C-shaped cofferdam, emergent aquatic plants are planted in the pond, and an artificial wetland filler matrix is laid at the bottom of the pond. The invention can flexibly adapt to the periodic and seasonal fluctuation of water flow, so that the artificial wetland is suitably arranged in a river channel, and the land is saved; reduce pump station facility and power consumption, can deal with the different water levels in river course and make quality of water obtain purifying and improving.

In summary, the landscape requirements are mainly considered in the existing landscape water-dropping weir, and the requirements of fish passing through the weir surface are partially considered, but the requirements of the fishes with weak jumping ability and the benthic organisms for going up cannot be met.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the problems, the bottom hole type fishway landscape water falling weir structure is suitable for being constructed.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a be suitable for and found bottom hole type fishway view hydraulic weir structure which characterized in that: the hydraulic rock dam comprises a weir body, a stilling pool and a flow state building area which are sequentially arranged along the water flow direction, wherein the downstream side of the weir body is a multi-stage drop, a bottom hole type fishway communicated with the upper and lower reaches of the weir body is arranged in the weir body and is provided with a gate, and a plurality of loose stones are arranged at the bottom of the flow state building area in a staggered manner.

The height of the falling threshold of the multistage falling water is between 20 cm and 40 cm.

And a plurality of cobbles capable of forming a rolling water overflowing effect are embedded on the surface of the multi-stage water drop.

The water storage depth of the stilling pool is more than or equal to 50 cm.

The particle size of the minimum loose stone of the loose stone is determined according to the maximum flow velocity of overflow and is more than or equal to 40cm, the loose stone adopts staggered joint arrangement, and a natural flow state with alternating high and low flow velocities is constructed.

The minimum particle diameter D of the loose stone_mFrom the maximum flow velocity V_maxPebble density ρ_sIs, water density ρ_wCoefficient of influence of turbulent flow E_iAnd gradient correction factor K determination

Maximum flow velocity V_maxMean flow velocity from cross section V₀Pebble water-blocking area A_sAnd water passing area A_gesComputing

The distance between the loose stones is preferably 3-4 times of the minimum particle size of the loose stones.

The bottom hole type fishway is formed in an overflowing culvert pipe embedded in the weir body.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the bottom-hole fishway is arranged in the weir body, the upstream side gate is used for opening and closing to adjust the water level difference between the upstream and the downstream, the flow velocity in the culvert pipe is controlled, the fish passing requirement can be met, the stilling pool is arranged on the downstream side of the weir body, the energy of water flow is dissipated, and meanwhile, the weir body is used as a rest place for fishes during upward tracking; the downstream side of the stilling pool is a flow state building area, scattered stones are distributed in a staggered mode, various flow states are built, and the induction flow velocity for attracting fishes to go up is formed.

The multi-stage water drop is arranged at the downstream side of the weir body, and the water drop ridge is paved by cobbles, so that the rolling effect is created, and a near-natural ecological landscape is built.

The invention solves the difficult problem of designing the ecological weir in the large-fall area, ensures the longitudinal connectivity of the river under the influence of the high-fall overflow weir, provides technical support for the migration of fishes and benthonic organisms across the dam and the local cutoff of the downstream, is favorable for protecting the biological diversity of the river, improves the horizontal and vertical landscape effects and the landscape level of the dam, creates a nearly natural ecological landscape and has obvious economic, social and environmental benefits.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment.

Fig. 2 is a structure diagram of an upstream surface of a weir body in the embodiment.

Fig. 3 is a schematic plan view of the embodiment.

10. A weir body; 11. a concrete foundation; 12. a water stop sheet; 13. a stilling pool; 14. a bank slope retaining wall; 20. performing multistage water drop; 21. cobble; 30. a bottom-hole fishway; 31. a flow culvert pipe; 32. a gate; 33. a screw; 40. and (4) dispersing stones.

Detailed Description

The embodiment is a weir structure suitable for constructing a bottom hole type fishway landscape drop, and is provided with a weir body, a stilling pool and a flow state construction area which are sequentially arranged along the water flow direction.

In the embodiment, the weir body is a water retaining building, the downstream side of the weir body is provided with multi-stage water drops, the surfaces of the multi-stage water drops are paved by cobble pavement, and the height of the drop sill of the multi-stage water drops is generally between 20 and 40cm, and the width of the drop sill is between 50 and 80 cm; the particle size of the cobble is 10-15 cm, the depth of the cobble embedded into the surface of the drop sill is not less than 4cm, and the rolling water overflowing effect can be formed.

In the embodiment, the weir body is internally provided with the flow-passing culvert pipe which is communicated with the upstream and downstream of the weir body, the diameter of the culvert pipe is not less than 100cm, a bottom hole type fishway is formed in the flow-passing culvert pipe, the upstream end of the flow-passing culvert pipe is provided with a gate, and the gate is controlled by a screw rod to be opened and closed. The water level difference between the upstream and the downstream is controlled by opening and closing the gate, so that the overflowing flow speed in the culvert pipe can meet the fish passing requirement.

In the embodiment, a concrete foundation needs to be arranged on the lower portion of the weir body, the requirements of the whole structure on bearing capacity, overturning resistance and impermeability are met, and a water stop sheet is arranged on the joint portion of the foundation. The two ends of the weir body need to be connected with the bank slope retaining wall, and the weir body part is consistent with the top of the retaining wall, so that the opening and closing operation of the gate is facilitated.

In the embodiment, the water storage depth of the stilling pool is not less than 50cm, so that on one hand, the energy of drainage is dissipated, and on the other hand, a buffer place is provided for the upstream fishes and benthos.

In this embodiment, the fluid construction area has a plurality of scattered stones which are arranged on the riverbed downstream of the stilling basin in a staggered manner, the scattered stones are placed on the riverbed, and the burial depth needs to be larger than the maximum scouring depth of the area. The minimum particle size of the scattered stones is determined according to the maximum overflowing flow velocity, the minimum particle size is not smaller than 40cm, a certain water blocking effect is ensured, staggered joint arrangement is adopted, the distance between the scattered stones is preferably 3-4 times of the minimum particle size of the scattered stones, a natural flow state with high flow velocity and low flow velocity alternated is constructed, and the induction flow velocity for attracting fishes is formed.

Minimum particle diameter D of the loose stones in this example_mFrom the maximum flow velocity V_maxPebble density ρ_sIs, water density ρ_wCoefficient of influence of turbulent flow E_i(between 0.86 and 1.28) and gradient correction factor K, maximum flow velocity V_maxMean flow velocity from cross section V₀Pebble water-blocking area A_sAnd water passing area A_gesAnd (4) calculating.

In this example, the critical flow rate of migration of fish is determined according to local fish migration habit survey data and swimming ability tests. The water level difference delta H (delta H is less than or equal to 0.45m) between the upstream and the downstream is controlled by opening and closing the gate to adjust the upstream water level, so that the flow velocity in the culvert pipe is enabled to beNot more than the critical flow rate of the fish.