阅读说明：本技术 双频八木天线和具有通信功能的设备 (Dual-frequency yagi antenna and equipment with communication function ) 是由 覃东昱 朱余浩 秦祥宏 于 2021-01-14 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种双频八木天线和具有通信功能的设备,该双频八木天线包括介质基板,在介质基板第一方向上依次设置的低频反射器、高频反射器、双模谐振器以及高频引向器；双模谐振器包括低频辐射单元以及高频辐射单元,低频辐射单元用于指向性辐射低频信号,高频辐射单元用于指向性辐射高频信号；低频反射器用于对低频信号进行干涉叠加,并与低频辐射单元组成低频天线阵；高频反射器用于对高频信号进行干涉叠加,并与高频辐射单元以及高频引向器组成高频天线阵。本发明的双频八木天线,可以在介质基板上形成低频段和高频段谐振路径,使低频信号以及高频信号在获得增益的同时,不会互相影响,从而避免了低频波束及高频波束的裂瓣的问题。(The invention provides a dual-frequency yagi antenna and equipment with a communication function, wherein the dual-frequency yagi antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, a low-frequency reflector, a high-frequency reflector, a dual-mode resonator and a high-frequency director which are sequentially arranged in the first direction of the dielectric substrate; the dual-mode resonator comprises a low-frequency radiation unit and a high-frequency radiation unit, wherein the low-frequency radiation unit is used for radiating low-frequency signals in a directional mode, and the high-frequency radiation unit is used for radiating high-frequency signals in the directional mode; the low-frequency reflector is used for performing interference superposition on low-frequency signals and forming a low-frequency antenna array with the low-frequency radiation unit; the high-frequency reflector is used for performing interference superposition on a high-frequency signal and forming a high-frequency antenna array together with the high-frequency radiation unit and the high-frequency director. The dual-frequency yagi antenna can form a low-frequency band resonance path and a high-frequency band resonance path on the dielectric substrate, so that low-frequency signals and high-frequency signals cannot affect each other while gaining gains, and the problem of lobe splitting of low-frequency beams and high-frequency beams is avoided.)

1. A dual-frequency yagi antenna is characterized by comprising a dielectric substrate, a low-frequency reflector, a high-frequency reflector, a dual-mode resonator and a high-frequency director, wherein the low-frequency reflector, the high-frequency reflector, the dual-mode resonator and the high-frequency director are sequentially arranged in a first direction of the dielectric substrate;

the dual-mode resonator comprises a low-frequency radiation unit and a high-frequency radiation unit, wherein the low-frequency radiation unit is used for radiating low-frequency signals in a directional mode, and the high-frequency radiation unit is used for radiating high-frequency signals in the directional mode;

the low-frequency reflector is used for performing interference superposition on the low-frequency signals and forming a low-frequency antenna array with the low-frequency radiation unit;

the high-frequency reflector is used for performing interference superposition on the high-frequency signal and forming a high-frequency antenna array together with the high-frequency radiation unit and the high-frequency director.

2. The dual-band yagi antenna of claim 1, wherein the low-frequency radiating element comprises a low-frequency radiating arm and a low-frequency grounding arm extending along a same straight line;

the high-frequency radiation unit comprises a high-frequency radiation arm and a high-frequency grounding arm which extend along the same straight line;

the low-frequency radiation arm is connected with the high-frequency radiation arm, and the low-frequency grounding arm is connected with the high-frequency grounding arm.

3. The dual-band yagi antenna of claim 2, wherein the low frequency radiating arm and the low frequency ground arm are parallel to the low frequency reflector.

4. The dual-band yagi antenna of claim 2 wherein the width of the low frequency radiating arm and the low frequency ground arm is a first width;

the widths of the high-frequency radiation arm and the high-frequency grounding arm are second widths;

the first width is less than the second width.

5. The dual-band yagi antenna of claim 2, wherein said low frequency radiating arm and said low frequency ground arm are elongate;

the high-frequency radiation arm and the high-frequency grounding arm are gradually widened outwards from the connecting end.

6. The dual-band yagi antenna of claim 2 wherein the lengths of the low frequency radiating arm and the low frequency ground arm are each 1/4 wavelengths of a specified low frequency;

the lengths of the high-frequency radiation arm and the high-frequency grounding arm are respectively 1/4 wavelengths of specified high frequency.

7. The dual-band yagi antenna of claim 2, wherein the dual-mode resonator further comprises a feed point pad, a ground point pad, and a balun transformer;

the feed-in point bonding pad is arranged at the connecting part of the low-frequency radiation arm and the high-frequency radiation arm and is used for connecting the feed-in of a cable receiving signal;

the balun transformer is connected to the high-frequency radiation arm and the high-frequency grounding arm;

the grounding point pad is arranged on the low-frequency grounding arm and the connecting part of the balun converter.

8. The dual-band yagi antenna of claim 1, wherein said low-frequency reflector and said high-frequency reflector are elongated;

the length of the low-frequency reflector is larger than that of the low-frequency radiating unit;

the high-frequency reflector is longer than the high-frequency radiating unit.

9. The dual-band yagi antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high frequency director comprises a predetermined number of elongated high frequency parasitic elements parallel to each other, the length of the high frequency parasitic elements being smaller than the high frequency radiating element and parallel to the high frequency radiating element.

10. A device having a communication function, characterized in that it comprises a dual-band yagi antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of antennas, in particular to a dual-frequency yagi antenna and equipment with a communication function.

Background

At present, the market demand of high-broadband large-flow high-speed transmission and supporting high-density access is increasing, single-frequency-band network equipment cannot meet the communication demand of high-broadband large-flow of a user, and the 802.11ac/ax solves the problem, namely, data transmission is carried out in multiple antennae and multiple frequency bands. With the emergence and gradually wide application of 802.11a/ax, a great number of dual-frequency multi-antenna network devices appear, the demand for dual-frequency or multi-frequency antennas with large impedance bandwidth and good radiation characteristics is increased rapidly, and the plane printed yagi antenna has the characteristics of low profile, compact structure, high gain, easiness in debugging and the like, and is widely applied. At present, the frequency bands of dual-frequency yagi antennas on the market are narrow, and low-frequency signals and high-frequency signals are easy to influence each other to cause the problem of beam lobe splitting, so that equipment communication is influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a dual-band yagi antenna and a device having a communication function, so that a low-frequency signal and a high-frequency signal do not affect each other while obtaining a gain, thereby avoiding the problem of lobe splitting of a low-frequency beam and a high-frequency beam.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a dual-frequency yagi antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, a low-frequency reflector, a high-frequency reflector, a dual-mode resonator and a high-frequency director, wherein the low-frequency reflector, the high-frequency reflector, the dual-mode resonator and the high-frequency director are sequentially arranged in a first direction of the dielectric substrate;

the dual-mode resonator comprises a low-frequency radiation unit and a high-frequency radiation unit, wherein the low-frequency radiation unit is used for radiating low-frequency signals in a directional mode, and the high-frequency radiation unit is used for radiating high-frequency signals in the directional mode;

the low-frequency reflector is used for performing interference superposition on the low-frequency signals and forming a low-frequency antenna array with the low-frequency radiation unit;

the high-frequency reflector is used for performing interference superposition on the high-frequency signal and forming a high-frequency antenna array together with the high-frequency radiation unit and the high-frequency director.

Preferably, in the dual-band yagi antenna, the low-frequency radiating element includes a low-frequency radiating arm and a low-frequency grounding arm extending along the same straight line;

the high-frequency radiation unit comprises a high-frequency radiation arm and a high-frequency grounding arm which extend along the same straight line;

the low-frequency radiation arm is connected with the high-frequency radiation arm, and the low-frequency grounding arm is connected with the high-frequency grounding arm.

Preferably, in the dual-band yagi antenna, the low-frequency radiating arm and the low-frequency ground arm are parallel to the low-frequency reflector.

Preferably, in the dual-band yagi antenna, the widths of the low-frequency radiating arm and the low-frequency grounding arm are a first width;

the widths of the high-frequency radiation arm and the high-frequency grounding arm are second widths;

the first width is less than the second width.

Preferably, in the dual-band yagi antenna, the low-frequency radiating arm and the low-frequency grounding arm are strip-shaped;

the high-frequency radiation arm and the high-frequency grounding arm are gradually widened outwards from the connecting end.

Preferably, in the dual-band yagi antenna, the lengths of the low-frequency radiating arm and the low-frequency grounding arm are 1/4 wavelengths of a specified low frequency respectively;

the lengths of the high-frequency radiation arm and the high-frequency grounding arm are respectively 1/4 wavelengths of specified high frequency.

Preferably, in the dual-band yagi antenna, the dual-mode resonator further includes a feed-in pad, a ground pad, and a balun transformer;

the feed-in point bonding pad is arranged at the connecting part of the low-frequency radiation arm and the high-frequency radiation arm and is used for connecting the feed-in of a cable receiving signal;

the balun transformer is connected to the high-frequency radiation arm and the high-frequency grounding arm;

the grounding point pad is arranged on the low-frequency grounding arm and the connecting part of the balun converter.

Preferably, in the dual-band yagi antenna, the low-frequency reflector and the high-frequency reflector are strip-shaped;

the length of the low-frequency reflector is larger than that of the low-frequency radiating unit;

the high-frequency reflector is longer than the high-frequency radiating unit.

Preferably, in the dual-band yagi antenna, the high-frequency director includes a preset number of strip-shaped high-frequency parasitic array elements parallel to each other, and the length of the high-frequency parasitic array elements is smaller than that of the high-frequency radiating unit and is parallel to the high-frequency radiating unit.

The invention also provides equipment with a communication function, which comprises the dual-frequency yagi antenna.

The invention provides a dual-frequency yagi antenna, which comprises a dielectric substrate, a low-frequency reflector, a high-frequency reflector, a dual-mode resonator and a high-frequency director, wherein the low-frequency reflector, the high-frequency reflector, the dual-mode resonator and the high-frequency director are sequentially arranged in the first direction of the dielectric substrate; the dual-mode resonator comprises a low-frequency radiation unit and a high-frequency radiation unit, wherein the low-frequency radiation unit is used for radiating low-frequency signals in a directional mode, and the high-frequency radiation unit is used for radiating high-frequency signals in the directional mode; the low-frequency reflector is used for performing interference superposition on the low-frequency signals and forming a low-frequency antenna array with the low-frequency radiation unit; the high-frequency reflector is used for performing interference superposition on the high-frequency signal and forming a high-frequency antenna array together with the high-frequency radiation unit and the high-frequency director. According to the dual-frequency yagi antenna, the low-frequency reflector, the high-frequency reflector, the dual-mode resonator and the high-frequency director are sequentially arranged in the first horizontal direction on the dielectric substrate, so that a low-frequency band resonance path and a high-frequency band resonance path can be formed on the dielectric substrate in a small space, low-frequency signals and high-frequency signals cannot mutually influence while gain is obtained, and the problem of lobe splitting of low-frequency beams and high-frequency beams is avoided.

In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention. Like components are numbered similarly in the various figures.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a dual-band yagi antenna according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a dual-band yagi antenna according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural plan view of a dual-band yagi antenna according to embodiment 3 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.

The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Hereinafter, the terms "including", "having", and their derivatives, which may be used in various embodiments of the present invention, are only intended to indicate specific features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations of the foregoing, and should not be construed as first excluding the existence of, or adding to, one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations of the foregoing.

Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which various embodiments of the present invention belong. The terms (such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries) should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their contextual meaning in the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein in various embodiments of the present invention.

Example 1

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a dual-band yagi antenna according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.

The dual-band yagi antenna 100 comprises a dielectric substrate 110, a low-frequency reflector 120, a high-frequency reflector 130, a dual-mode resonator 140 and a high-frequency director 150 which are sequentially arranged in a first direction of the dielectric substrate 110;

in the embodiment of the present invention, the dielectric substrate 110 mainly includes a metal thin plate and an insulating dielectric layer, and the insulating dielectric layer may be made of silicon and ceramic through high temperature and high pressure molding and then polishing, and is used for manufacturing various antenna components arranged on the surface and achieving an electrical insulation effect. The thickness of the dielectric substrate 110 is much smaller than the wavelength of the antenna, the metal thin layer at the bottom of the substrate is connected to the ground plate, and the metal thin layer with a specific shape is manufactured on the front surface by a photolithography process, so as to form the low-frequency reflector 120, the high-frequency reflector 130, the dual-mode resonator 140, and the high-frequency director 150.

The dual-mode resonator 140 includes a low-frequency radiation unit and a high-frequency radiation unit, the low-frequency radiation unit is configured to radiate a low-frequency signal in a directional manner, and the high-frequency radiation unit is configured to radiate a high-frequency signal in a directional manner;

in the embodiment of the present invention, the dual-mode resonator 140 is disposed between the high-frequency reflector 130 and the high-frequency director 150, so that the low-frequency reflector 120 does not affect the radiation of the high-frequency signal, and the high-frequency reflector 130 and the high-frequency director 150 do not affect the radiation of the low-frequency signal. The dual-mode resonator 140 includes a low-frequency radiating element and a high-frequency radiating element, the low-frequency radiating element and the high-frequency radiating element may be in the shape of strips, and the length of the low-frequency radiating element is longer than that of the high-frequency radiating element, so that the low-frequency radiating element performs excitation and radiation of a low-frequency signal, and the high-frequency radiating element performs excitation and radiation of a high-frequency signal.

The low-frequency reflector 120 is configured to perform interference superposition on the low-frequency signal, and form a low-frequency antenna array with the low-frequency radiating unit;

in the embodiment of the present invention, the low-frequency reflector 120 is parallel to the low-frequency radiating element, and a preset distance is provided between the low-frequency reflector 120 and the low-frequency radiating element, so that the low-frequency reflector 120 and the low-frequency radiating element form a low-frequency antenna array. The preset distance between the low frequency reflector 120 and the low frequency radiating element may be 1/4 wavelengths of the designated low frequency, which is not limited herein. Wherein, in order to make the low frequency reflector 120 have better reflection effect, the length of the low frequency reflector 120 may be larger than the low frequency radiation unit.

The high-frequency reflector 130 is configured to perform interference superposition on the high-frequency signal, and forms a high-frequency antenna array with the high-frequency radiating unit and the high-frequency director 150.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the high-frequency reflector 130 is parallel to the high-frequency radiating unit, and a preset distance is provided between the high-frequency reflector 130 and the high-frequency radiating unit, so that the high-frequency reflector 130 and the high-frequency radiating unit form a high-frequency antenna array. The preset distance between the high-frequency reflector 130 and the high-frequency radiating unit may be 1/4 wavelength of the designated high frequency, which is not limited herein. Wherein, in order to achieve better reflection effect of the high-low frequency reflector 120, the length of the high-frequency reflector 130 may be greater than that of the low-frequency radiating unit.

In the embodiment of the present invention, by sequentially arranging the low-frequency reflector 120, the high-frequency reflector 130, the dual-mode resonator 140, and the high-frequency director 150 in the first horizontal direction on the dielectric substrate 110, a low-frequency band resonance path and a high-frequency band resonance path can be formed on the dielectric substrate 110 in a smaller space, so that the low-frequency signal and the high-frequency signal do not affect each other while obtaining a gain, thereby avoiding a lobe problem of the low-frequency beam and the high-frequency beam.

Example 2

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a dual-band yagi antenna according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.

The dual-band yagi antenna 200 comprises a dielectric substrate 210, a low-frequency reflector 220, a high-frequency reflector 230, a dual-mode resonator 240 and a high-frequency director 250 which are sequentially arranged in a first direction of the dielectric substrate 210;

the dual-mode resonator 240 includes a low-frequency radiation unit 241 and a high-frequency radiation unit 242, the low-frequency radiation unit 241 is configured to radiate a low-frequency signal in a directional manner, and the high-frequency radiation unit 242 is configured to radiate a high-frequency signal in a directional manner;

the low-frequency reflector 220 is used for performing interference superposition on the low-frequency signals and forming a low-frequency antenna array with the low-frequency radiation unit 241;

the high-frequency reflector 230 is configured to perform interference superposition on the high-frequency signal, and forms a high-frequency antenna array with the high-frequency radiating unit 242 and the high-frequency director 250.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the dual-mode resonator 240 further includes a feed-in pad 243, a ground-point pad 244, and a balun 245;

the feeding point pad 243 is disposed at a connection portion of the low-frequency radiating arm and the high-frequency radiating arm, and is configured to connect feeding of a cable receiving signal; the signal fed in can be radiated as a high-frequency signal after being excited by the high-frequency radiation unit 242, and can be radiated as a low-frequency signal after being excited by the low-frequency radiation unit 241.

The balun 245 is connected to the high-frequency radiating arm and the high-frequency grounding arm; the balun 245 serves as a matching unit for the low-frequency radiation unit 241 and the high-frequency radiation unit 242, and can optimize impedance bandwidths of the low-frequency radiation unit 241 and the high-frequency radiation unit 242, so that bandwidth matching is achieved, and the low-frequency radiation unit 241 and the high-frequency radiation unit 242 have better radiation characteristics.

The ground pad 244 is disposed at a connection portion between the low frequency ground arm and the balun 245. The ground pad 244 may be connected to a ground plane of the dielectric substrate 210, which is not limited herein.

The high-frequency director 250 comprises a preset number of strip-shaped high-frequency parasitic array elements 251 which are parallel to each other, wherein the length of the high-frequency parasitic array elements 251 is smaller than that of the high-frequency radiation unit 242, and the high-frequency parasitic array elements are parallel to the high-frequency radiation unit 242.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the extension lines of the high-frequency reflector 230, the high-frequency radiating element 242, and the high-frequency parasitic array element 251 are all parallel to each other, and the interval between the plurality of high-frequency parasitic array elements 251 may be 1/4 wavelengths with a specified high frequency.

Example 3

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural plan view of a dual-band yagi antenna according to embodiment 3 of the present invention.

The dual-band yagi antenna 300 comprises a dielectric substrate 310, and a low-frequency reflector 320, a high-frequency reflector 330, a dual-mode resonator 340 and a high-frequency director 350 which are sequentially arranged in a first direction of the dielectric substrate 310;

the dual-mode resonator 340 includes a low-frequency radiation unit 341 and a high-frequency radiation unit 342, the low-frequency radiation unit 341 is configured to radiate a low-frequency signal in a directional manner, and the high-frequency radiation unit 342 is configured to radiate a high-frequency signal in a directional manner;

the low-frequency reflector 320 is configured to perform interference superposition on the low-frequency signal, and form a low-frequency antenna array with the low-frequency radiating unit 341;

the high-frequency reflector 330 is configured to perform interference superposition on the high-frequency signal, and forms a high-frequency antenna array with the high-frequency radiating unit 342 and the high-frequency director 350.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the low frequency radiating unit 341 includes a low frequency radiating arm 3411 and a low frequency grounding arm 3412 extending along the same straight line; the high-frequency radiating unit 342 includes a high-frequency radiating arm 3421 and a high-frequency grounding arm 3422 extending along the same straight line; the low frequency radiation arm 3411 is connected to the high frequency radiation arm 3421, and the low frequency ground arm 3412 is connected to the high frequency ground arm 3422.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the low frequency radiating arm 3411 and the low frequency grounding arm 3412 are parallel to the low frequency reflector 320.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the widths of the low frequency radiating arm 3411 and the low frequency grounding arm 3412 are a first width; the widths of the high-frequency radiation arm 3421 and the high-frequency ground arm 3422 are a second width; the first width is less than the second width.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the low frequency radiating arm 3411 and the low frequency grounding arm 3412 are strip-shaped; the high-frequency radiation arm 3421 and the high-frequency ground arm 3422 are formed to be gradually widened outward from the connection ends. The outwardly widening high-frequency radiating arm 3421 and the high-frequency grounding arm 3422 can reduce the sensitivity of the high-frequency impedance to the frequency, and improve the bandwidth and the resonant depth.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the lengths of the low-frequency radiating arm 3411 and the low-frequency grounding arm 3412 are 1/4 wavelengths of a specified low frequency; the lengths of the high-frequency radiating arm 3421 and the high-frequency grounding arm 3422 are 1/4 wavelengths of a predetermined high frequency, respectively.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the dual-mode resonator 340 further includes a feed-in pad 343, a ground-point pad 344, and a balun 345; the feeding point pad 343 is disposed at a connection portion of the low frequency radiating arm 3411 and the high frequency radiating arm 3421, and is used for connecting a feeding cable to receive a signal; the balun 345 is connected to the high-frequency radiating arm 3421 and the high-frequency grounding arm 3422; the ground pad 344 is disposed at a connection portion between the low frequency grounding arm 3412 and the balun transformer 345.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the low-frequency reflector 320 and the high-frequency reflector 330 are strip-shaped; the low frequency reflector 320 is longer than the low frequency radiating unit 341; the high-frequency reflector 330 is longer than the high-frequency radiating unit 342.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the high frequency director 350 includes a first high frequency parasitic array element 351 and a second high frequency parasitic array element 352 in a strip shape parallel to each other, and the length of the first high frequency parasitic array element 351 and the second high frequency parasitic array element 352 is smaller than that of the high frequency radiation unit 342 and is parallel to the high frequency radiation unit 342.

In the embodiment of the invention, through the design, the performance parameters of the dual-frequency antenna, such as impedance characteristic, antenna gain, standing-wave ratio, 3dB lobe width and the like, meet the requirements, so that the dual-frequency yagi antenna with low cost, high communication efficiency and easy debugging is obtained. The low-frequency band gain of the invention is more than 6.5 dBi; the standing-wave ratio is less than 1.5; the characteristic impedance is 50 Ω; the high-frequency band gain is more than 8.5 dBi; the standing-wave ratio is less than 2; the characteristic impedance is 50 omega, the connection mode can be IPX with radio frequency shielding wire, and the length of the shielding wire can be selected.

In addition, the invention also provides equipment with a communication function, and the equipment with the communication function can comprise a smart phone, a tablet computer, a vehicle-mounted computer, intelligent wearable equipment and the like. The device with the communication function comprises the dual-frequency yagi antenna, a memory and a processor, wherein the memory can be used for storing a computer program, and the processor runs the computer program, so that the device with the communication function performs remote communication through the dual-frequency yagi antenna.

The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.