阅读说明：本技术 一种基于7×8巴特勒矩阵的毫米波多波束天线 (Millimeter wave multi-beam antenna based on 7 x 8 Butler matrix ) 是由 陈付昌 秦冲 于 2021-01-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种基于7×8巴特勒矩阵的毫米波多波束天线,该7×8巴特勒矩阵具有7个输入端口和8个输出端口,当每个输入端口单独馈电时,能够在28GHz-31GHz的毫米波段内输出等幅度且相邻输出端口的相位差分别为-135°、-90°、-45°、0°、+45°、+90°和+135°的信号,当7×8巴特勒矩阵的八个输出端口同八单元的天线阵列级联之后形成多波束天线,控制多波束天线不同的输入端口时,可以产生不同指向的辐射波束,该毫米波多波束天线采用双层结构,避免使用大量交叉耦合器,相比起传统的基于巴特勒矩阵设计的多波束天线大多只能提供倾斜的波束,本发明基于7×8巴特勒矩阵设计的多波束天线能够实现边向辐射的波束,具有高增益、窄波束、紧凑的扫描覆盖角以及良好的抗干扰性能。(The invention discloses a millimeter wave multi-beam antenna based on a 7 x 8 Butler matrix, wherein the 7 x 8 Butler matrix is provided with 7 input ports and 8 output ports, when each input port is fed independently, signals with equal amplitude and adjacent output ports with the phase difference of-135 degrees, -90 degrees, -45 degrees, -0 degrees, +45 degrees, +90 degrees and +135 degrees can be output in a millimeter wave band of 28GHz-31GHz, when eight output ports of the 7 x 8 Butler matrix are cascaded with an eight-unit antenna array to form a multi-beam antenna, different directional radiation beams can be generated when different input ports of the multi-beam antenna are controlled, the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna adopts a double-layer structure, the use of a large number of cross couplers is avoided, and compared with the traditional multi-beam antenna based on Butler matrix design, most of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna can only provide inclined beams, the multi-beam antenna designed based on the 7 multiplied by 8 Butler matrix can realize the beams radiated in the edge direction, and has high gain, narrow beams, compact scanning coverage angle and good anti-interference performance.)

1. The millimeter wave multi-beam antenna based on the 7 x 8 Butler matrix comprises a first dielectric plate (21) and a second dielectric plate (22) which are stacked up and down, wherein a first metal layer (23) is arranged on the upper surface of the first dielectric plate (21), a second metal layer (24) is arranged between the first dielectric plate (21) and the second dielectric plate (22), and a third metal layer (25) is arranged on the lower surface of the second dielectric plate (22), and is characterized in that: a first substrate integrated waveguide metal through hole (26) is filled in the first dielectric plate (21), the first metal layer (23) is connected with the second metal layer (24) through the first substrate integrated waveguide metal through hole (26), a second substrate integrated waveguide metal through hole (27) is filled in the second dielectric plate (22), and the second metal layer (24) is connected with the third metal layer (25) through the second substrate integrated waveguide metal through hole (27); wherein a first-45 degree phase shifter (61) and a first 4 x 4 butler matrix (51) are formed on the first metal layer (23), the first dielectric plate (21), the second metal layer (24) and the first substrate integrated waveguide metal via hole (26), a second-45 degree phase shifter (62) and a second 4 x 4 butler matrix (52) are formed on the second metal layer (24), the second dielectric plate (22), the third metal layer (25) and the second substrate integrated waveguide metal via hole (27), a 3 x 4 butler matrix (41), a first double-layer coupler (31), a second double-layer coupler (32) and an eight-element antenna array (7) are further formed on the millimeter wave antenna, three coplanar waveguide transmission lines connected with the edge of the first metal layer (23) are formed on the first metal layer (23), and four coplanar waveguide transmission lines connected with the edge of the second metal layer (24) are formed on the second metal layer (24), the coplanar waveguide transmission line is equivalent to a feed port, namely three feed ports are formed on the first metal layer (23), namely a second input port (12), a fourth input port (14) and a seventh input port (17), the second metal layer (24) is used as a ground plate of the first dielectric plate (21), four feed ports are formed on the second metal layer (24), namely a first input port (11), a third input port (13), a fifth input port (15) and a sixth input port (16), and the third metal layer (25) is used as a ground plate of the second dielectric plate (22); the first input port (11) and the second input port (12) are respectively connected with two input ports of a first double-layer coupler (31) in a one-to-one correspondence manner, the third input port (13), the fourth input port (14) and the fifth input port (15) are respectively connected with three input ports of a 3 x 4 Butler matrix (41) in a one-to-one correspondence manner, the sixth input port (16) and the seventh input port (17) are respectively connected with two input ports of a second double-layer coupler (32) in a one-to-one correspondence manner, two output ports of the first double-layer coupler (31) are respectively connected with an input port (611) of a first-45-degree phase shifter (61) and a first input port (521) of a second 4 x 4 Butler matrix (52) in a one-to one correspondence manner, an output port (612) of the first-45-degree phase shifter (61) is connected with a first input port (511) of a first 4 x 4 Butler matrix (51), four output ports of the 3 × 4 butler matrix (41) are respectively connected with a second input port (512) of a first 4 × 4 butler matrix (51), a second input port (522) of a second 4 × 4 butler matrix (52), a third input port (513) of the first 4 × 4 butler matrix (51) and a third input port (523) of the second 4 × 4 butler matrix (52) in a one-to-one correspondence manner, two output ports of the second double-layer coupler (32) are respectively connected with a fourth input port (514) of the first 4 × 4 butler matrix (51) and an input port (621) of a second-45 ° phase shifter (62) in a one-to-one correspondence manner, an output port (622) of the second-45 ° phase shifter (62) is connected with a fourth input port (524) of the second 4 × 4 butler matrix (52), four output ports of the first 4 × 4 butler matrix (51) and a fourth input port (524) of the second 4 × 4 butler matrix (52) are connected in a one-to-one correspondence manner And the output ports are respectively connected with eight input ports of the eight-unit antenna array (7) in a one-to-one correspondence manner.

2. The millimeter wave multi-beam antenna based on the 7 x 8 butler matrix of claim 1, wherein: the 3 × 4 butler matrix (41) is divided into two units, namely a first unit of the 3 × 4 butler matrix (41) and a second unit of the 3 × 4 butler matrix (41), the first unit of the 3 × 4 butler matrix (41) is arranged on a first metal layer (23), a first dielectric plate (21), a second metal layer (24) and a first substrate integrated waveguide metal via (26), the second unit of the 3 × 4 butler matrix (41) is arranged on the second metal layer (24), the second dielectric plate (22), a third metal layer (25) and a second substrate integrated waveguide metal via (27), the first double-layer coupler (31) is divided into two units, namely a first unit of the first double-layer coupler (31) and a second unit of the first double-layer coupler (31), and the first unit of the first double-layer coupler (31) is arranged on the first metal layer (23), A first dielectric plate (21), a second metal layer (24) and a first substrate integrated waveguide metal via hole (26), wherein a second unit of the first double-layer coupler (31) is arranged on the second metal layer (24), the second dielectric plate (22), a third metal layer (25) and a second substrate integrated waveguide metal via hole (27), a first unit of the first double-layer coupler (31) and a second unit of the first double-layer coupler (31) form a whole by opening a first slit (315) on the second metal layer, the second double-layer coupler (32) is divided into two units which are a first unit of the second double-layer coupler (32) and a second unit of the second double-layer coupler (32), and the first unit of the second double-layer coupler (32) is arranged on the first metal layer (23), the first dielectric plate (21), the second metal layer (24) and the first substrate integrated waveguide metal via hole (26), the second unit of the second double-layer coupler (32) is arranged on the second metal layer (24), the second dielectric plate (22), the third metal layer (25) and the second substrate integrated waveguide metal via hole (27), the first unit of the second double-layer coupler (32) and the second unit of the second double-layer coupler (32) form a whole by forming a second slit (325) on the second metal layer, the eight-unit antenna array (7) is divided into eight units, namely a first unit (71) of the eight-unit antenna array (7), a second unit (72) of the eight-unit antenna array (7), a third unit (73) of the eight-unit antenna array (7), a fourth unit (74) of the eight-unit antenna array (7), a fifth unit (75) of the eight-unit antenna array (7), a sixth unit (76) of the eight-unit antenna array (7), a seventh unit (77) of the eight-unit antenna array (7) and an eighth unit antenna array (7) (78) The first unit (71) of the eight-unit antenna array (7), the third unit (73) of the eight-unit antenna array (7), the fifth unit (75) of the eight-unit antenna array (7) and the seventh unit (77) of the eight-unit antenna array (7) are arranged on the first metal layer (23), the first dielectric plate (21), the second metal layer (24) and the first substrate integrated waveguide metal via hole (26), and the second unit (72) of the eight-unit antenna array (7), the fourth unit (74) of the eight-unit antenna array (7), the sixth unit (76) of the eight-unit antenna array (7) and the eighth unit (78) of the eight-unit antenna array (7) are arranged on the second metal layer (24), the second dielectric plate (22), the third metal layer (25) and the second substrate integrated waveguide metal via hole (27).

3. The millimeter wave multi-beam antenna based on the 7 x 8 butler matrix of claim 1, wherein: the coplanar waveguide transmission line is equivalent to a feeding port through an open-splay slot, the feeding port is a 50-ohm feeding port, the first input port (11) of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna is connected with the first input port (311) of the first double-layer coupler (31), the second input port (12) of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna is connected with the second input port (312) of the first double-layer coupler (31), the third input port (13) of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna is connected with the first input port (411) of the 3 x 4 butler matrix (41), the fourth input port (14) of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna is connected with the second input port (412) of the 3 x 4 butler matrix (41), and the fifth input port (15) of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna is connected with the third input port (413) of the 3 x 4 butler matrix (41), a sixth input port (16) of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna is connected with a first input port (321) of a second dual-layer coupler (32), a seventh input port (17) of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna is connected with a second input port (322) of the second dual-layer coupler (32), a first output port (313) of the first dual-layer coupler (31) is connected with an input port (611) of a first-45 ° phase shifter (61), a second output port (314) of the first dual-layer coupler (31) is connected with a first input port (521) of a second 4 x 4 butler matrix (52), a first output port (414) of the 3 x 4 butler matrix (41) is connected with a second input port (512) of the first 4 x 4 butler matrix (51), a second output port (415) of the 3 x 4 butler matrix (41) is connected with a second input port (522) of the second 4 x 4 butler matrix (52), a third output port (416) of the 3 × 4 butler matrix (41) is connected to a third input port (513) of the first 4 × 4 butler matrix (51), a fourth output port (417) of the 3 × 4 butler matrix (41) is connected to a third input port (523) of the second 4 × 4 butler matrix (52), a first output port (323) of the second double-layer coupler (32) is connected to a fourth input port (514) of the first 4 × 4 butler matrix (51), a second output port (324) of the second double-layer coupler (32) is connected to an input port (621) of the second-45 ° phase shifter (62), a first output port (515) of the first 4 × 4 butler matrix (51) is connected to a first input port (711) of the eight-element antenna array (7), a first output port (525) of the second 4 × 4 butler matrix (52) is connected to a second input port (513) of the eight-element antenna array (7) 712) -a second output port (516) of the first 4 x 4 butler matrix (51) is connected to a third input port (713) of the eight element antenna array (7), -a second output port (526) of the second 4 x 4 butler matrix (52) is connected to a fourth input port (714) of the eight element antenna array (7), -a third output port (517) of the first 4 x 4 butler matrix (51) is connected to a fifth input port (715) of the eight element antenna array (7), -a third output port (527) of the second 4 x 4 butler matrix (52) is connected to a sixth input port (716) of the eight element antenna array (7), -a fourth output port (518) of the first 4 x 4 butler matrix (51) is connected to a seventh input port (717) of the eight element antenna array (7), -a fourth output port (528) of the second 4 x 4 butler matrix (52) is connected to a fourth input port (713) of the eight element antenna array (7) The input ports (718) are connected.

4. The millimeter wave multi-beam antenna based on the 7 x 8 butler matrix of claim 1, wherein: when a signal is input from a first input port (11) of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna, signals with equal amplitudes and a phase difference of-45 degrees between adjacent input ports are input into a first input port (711), a second input port (712), a third input port (713), a fourth input port (714), a fifth input port (715), a sixth input port (716), a seventh input port (717) and an eighth input port (718) of the eight-element antenna array (7), so that a radiation beam is generated.

5. The millimeter wave multi-beam antenna based on the 7 x 8 butler matrix of claim 1, wherein: when a signal is input from the second input port (12) of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna, signals with equal amplitudes and a phase difference of +135 DEG between adjacent input ports are input into the first input port (711), the second input port (712), the third input port (713), the fourth input port (714), the fifth input port (715), the sixth input port (716), the seventh input port (717) and the eighth input port (718) of the eight-element antenna array (7), so that a radiation beam is generated.

6. The millimeter wave multi-beam antenna based on the 7 x 8 butler matrix of claim 1, wherein: when a signal is input from the third input port (13) of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna, signals with equal amplitudes and a phase difference of-90 degrees between adjacent input ports are input into the first input port (711), the second input port (712), the third input port (713), the fourth input port (714), the fifth input port (715), the sixth input port (716), the seventh input port (717) and the eighth input port (718) of the eight-element antenna array (7), so that a radiation beam is generated.

7. The millimeter wave multi-beam antenna based on the 7 x 8 butler matrix of claim 1, wherein: when a signal is input from the fourth input port (14) of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna, signals with equal amplitudes and the phase difference of adjacent input ports being 0 DEG are input into the first input port (711), the second input port (712), the third input port (713), the fourth input port (714), the fifth input port (715), the sixth input port (716), the seventh input port (717) and the eighth input port (718) of the eight-element antenna array (7), so that a radiation beam is generated.

8. The millimeter wave multi-beam antenna based on the 7 x 8 butler matrix of claim 1, wherein: when a signal is input from the fifth input port (15) of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna, signals with equal amplitudes and the phase difference of the adjacent input ports being +90 degrees are input into the first input port (711), the second input port (712), the third input port (713), the fourth input port (714), the fifth input port (715), the sixth input port (716), the seventh input port (717) and the eighth input port (718) of the eight-element antenna array (7), so that a radiation beam is generated.

9. The millimeter wave multi-beam antenna based on the 7 x 8 butler matrix of claim 1, wherein: when a signal is input from a sixth input port (16) of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna, signals with equal amplitudes and a phase difference of-135 DEG between adjacent input ports are input into a first input port (711), a second input port (712), a third input port (713), a fourth input port (714), a fifth input port (715), a sixth input port (716), a seventh input port (717) and an eighth input port (718) of the eight-element antenna array (7), so that a radiation beam is generated.

10. The millimeter wave multi-beam antenna based on the 7 x 8 butler matrix of claim 1, wherein: when a signal is input from the seventh input port (17) of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna, signals with equal amplitudes and a phase difference of +45 degrees between adjacent input ports are input into the first input port (711), the second input port (712), the third input port (713), the fourth input port (714), the fifth input port (715), the sixth input port (716), the seventh input port (717) and the eighth input port (718) of the eight-element antenna array (7), so that a radiation beam is generated.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of communication antennas, in particular to a millimeter wave multi-beam antenna based on a 7 x 8 Butler matrix.

Background

As the demand of users for wireless communication systems increases, there are higher demands on the capacity and transmission rate of the communication systems. In order to meet the requirement and solve the problem of shortage of spectrum resources, a millimeter wave frequency band enters the visual field of people, the millimeter wave frequency band has a wider absolute bandwidth and can improve more channel capacity, but higher frequency brings greater loss, and a multi-beam antenna has the characteristics of high gain and narrow beams and is a good way for coping with loss, wherein a Butler matrix is used as an important component part for antenna beam switching and also becomes one of research hotspots in recent years. In recent years, many scholars at home and abroad propose feed networks and multi-beam antennas in many millimeter wave bands, and many multi-beam antennas designed based on a butler matrix can only provide inclined beams and cannot provide side-direction radiation beams.

The prior art is investigated and known, and the details are as follows:

in 2018, professor banyongling proposed a butler matrix with a millimeter waveband of 4 × 8 and applied to a multi-beam antenna. In order to avoid an excessive cross structure, the feed network adopts a double-layer medium structure, a 4 × 4 butler matrix is adopted in the feed network, 4 output ports are respectively connected with a power divider, and the 4 output ports are changed into 8 output ports. However, the desired phase difference cannot be realized among the 8 output ports, and the desired 4 × 8 butler matrix can be realized after inverting part of the output ports.

In 2018, in 10 months, professor banyongling further proposed an improved horn-type feed network for use in a multi-beam antenna, which can realize side-to-side radiation characteristics, but because the phase of the feed network cannot be accurately controlled, the feed network needs to be adjusted in subsequent transmission channels and adjusted by an antenna unit, so that the realization difficulty is high, and the working bandwidth is narrow.

In summary, there are many designs of substrate integrated waveguide millimeter-wave band multi-beam antennas in the prior art, which rarely realize radiation beams in the broadside direction, and therefore, it is important to design a millimeter-wave multi-beam antenna based on a 7 × 8 butler matrix.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art, and provides a 7 x 8 butler matrix-based millimeter wave multi-beam antenna, wherein the 7 x 8 butler matrix is provided with 7 input ports and 8 output ports, when each input port is fed independently, signals with equal amplitude and the phase difference of adjacent output ports is-135 degrees, -90 degrees, -45 degrees, -0 degrees, +45 degrees, +90 degrees and +135 degrees can be output, when eight output ports of the 7 x 8 butler matrix are cascaded with eight units of antenna arrays to form the multi-beam antenna, and when the eight output ports of the multi-beam antenna are controlled to be different input ports, radiation beams with different directions can be generated.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a millimeter wave multi-beam antenna based on a 7 x 8 Butler matrix comprises a first dielectric plate and a second dielectric plate which are vertically overlapped, wherein a first metal layer is arranged on the upper surface of the first dielectric plate, a second metal layer is arranged between the first dielectric plate and the second dielectric plate, a third metal layer is arranged on the lower surface of the second dielectric plate, a first substrate integrated waveguide metal through hole is filled in the first dielectric plate, the first metal layer is connected with the second metal layer through the first substrate integrated waveguide metal through hole, a second substrate integrated waveguide metal through hole is filled in the second dielectric plate, and the second metal layer is connected with the third metal layer through the second substrate integrated waveguide metal through hole; wherein, a first-45 degree phase shifter and a first 4 × 4 butler matrix are formed on the first metal layer, the first dielectric plate, the second metal layer and the first substrate integrated waveguide metal via hole, a second-45 degree phase shifter and a second 4 × 4 butler matrix are formed on the second metal layer, the second dielectric plate, the third metal layer and the second substrate integrated waveguide metal via hole, a 3 × 4 butler matrix, a first double-layer coupler, a second double-layer coupler and an eight-element antenna array are further formed on the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna, three coplanar waveguide transmission lines connected with the edge of the first metal layer are formed on the first metal layer, four coplanar waveguide transmission lines connected with the edge of the second metal layer are formed on the second metal layer, the coplanar waveguide transmission lines are equivalent to one feeding port, that is, three feeding ports are formed on the first metal layer, the second metal layer is used as a grounding plate of the first dielectric plate, four feeding ports are formed on the second metal layer and are respectively a first input port, a third input port, a fifth input port and a sixth input port, and the third metal layer is used as a grounding plate of the second dielectric plate; the first input port and the second input port are respectively connected with two input ports of a first double-layer coupler in a one-to-one correspondence manner, the third input port, the fourth input port and the fifth input port are respectively connected with three input ports of a 3 x 4 Butler matrix in a one-to-one correspondence manner, the sixth input port and the seventh input port are respectively connected with two input ports of a second double-layer coupler in a one-to-one correspondence manner, two output ports of the first double-layer coupler are respectively connected with an input port of a first-45-degree phase shifter and a first input port of a second 4 x 4 Butler matrix in a one-to-one correspondence manner, an output port of the first-45-degree phase shifter is connected with a first input port of a first 4 x 4 Butler matrix, four output ports of the 3 x 4 Butler matrix are respectively connected with a second input port of the first 4 x 4 Butler matrix, The second input port of the second 4 × 4 butler matrix, the third input port of the first 4 × 4 butler matrix and the third input port of the second 4 × 4 butler matrix are connected in a one-to-one correspondence manner, two output ports of the second double-layer coupler are respectively connected with the fourth input port of the first 4 × 4 butler matrix and the input port of the second-45 ° phase shifter in a one-to-one correspondence manner, an output port of the second-45 ° phase shifter is connected with the fourth input port of the second 4 × 4 butler matrix, and four output ports of the first 4 × 4 butler matrix and four output ports of the second 4 × 4 butler matrix are respectively connected with eight input ports of the eight-unit antenna array in a one-to-one correspondence manner.

Further, the 3 × 4 butler matrix is divided into two units, which are a first unit of the 3 × 4 butler matrix and a second unit of the 3 × 4 butler matrix, the first unit of the 3 × 4 butler matrix is disposed on the first metal layer, the first dielectric plate, the second metal layer and the first substrate integrated waveguide metal via hole, the second unit of the 3 × 4 butler matrix is disposed on the second metal layer, the second dielectric plate, the third metal layer and the second substrate integrated waveguide metal via hole, the first double-layer coupler is divided into two units, which are a first unit of the first double-layer coupler and a second unit of the first double-layer coupler, the first unit of the first double-layer coupler is disposed on the first metal layer, the first dielectric plate, the second metal layer and the first substrate integrated waveguide metal via hole, and the second unit of the first double-layer coupler is disposed on the second metal layer, The first unit of the first double-layer coupler and the second unit of the first double-layer coupler are integrated by opening a first gap on the second metal layer, the second double-layer coupler is divided into two units which are the first unit of the second double-layer coupler and the second unit of the second double-layer coupler, the first unit of the second double-layer coupler is arranged on the first metal layer, the first dielectric plate, the second metal layer and the first substrate integrated waveguide metal via hole, the second unit of the second double-layer coupler is arranged on the second metal layer, the second dielectric plate, the third metal layer and the second substrate integrated waveguide metal via hole, and the first unit of the second double-layer coupler and the second unit of the second double-layer coupler are integrated by opening a second gap on the second metal layer, the eight-element antenna array is divided into eight elements which are a first element of the eight-element antenna array, a second element of the eight-element antenna array, a third element of the eight-element antenna array, a fourth element of the eight-element antenna array, a fifth element of the eight-element antenna array, a sixth element of the eight-element antenna array, a seventh element of the eight-element antenna array and an eighth element of the eight-element antenna array, wherein the first element of the eight-element antenna array, the third element of the eight-element antenna array, the fifth element of the eight-element antenna array and the seventh element of the eight-element antenna array are arranged on the first metal layer, the first dielectric plate, the second metal layer and the first substrate integrated waveguide metal through hole, and the second element of the eight-element antenna array, the fourth element of the eight-element antenna array, the sixth element of the eight-element antenna array and the eighth element of the eight-element antenna array are arranged, And the second dielectric plate, the third metal layer and the second substrate integrated waveguide metal via hole.

Further, the coplanar waveguide transmission line is equivalent to a feed port through a splay slot, the feed port is a 50 Ω feed port, the first input port of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna is connected with the first input port of the first double-layer coupler, the second input port of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna is connected with the second input port of the first double-layer coupler, the third input port of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna is connected with the first input port of the 3 × 4 butler matrix, the fourth input port of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna is connected with the second input port of the 3 × 4 butler matrix, the fifth input port of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna is connected with the third input port of the 3 × 4 butler matrix, and the sixth input port of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna is connected with the first input port of the second double-layer coupler, a seventh input port of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna is connected to a second input port of a second double-layer coupler, a first output port of the first double-layer coupler is connected to an input port of the first-45 ° phase shifter, a second output port of the first double-layer coupler is connected to a first input port of a second 4 × 4 butler matrix, a first output port of the 3 × 4 butler matrix is connected to a second input port of the first 4 × 4 butler matrix, a second output port of the 3 × 4 butler matrix is connected to a second input port of the second 4 × 4 butler matrix, a third output port of the 3 × 4 butler matrix is connected to a third input port of the first 4 × 4 butler matrix, a fourth output port of the 3 × 4 butler matrix is connected to a third input port of the second 4 × 4 butler matrix, a first output port of the second double-layer coupler is connected with a fourth input port of the first 4 × 4 butler matrix, a second output port of the second double-layer coupler is connected with an input port of the second-45 ° phase shifter, a first output port of the first 4 × 4 butler matrix is connected with a first input port of the eight-element antenna array, a first output port of the second 4 × 4 butler matrix is connected with a second input port of the eight-element antenna array, a second output port of the first 4 × 4 butler matrix is connected with a third input port of the eight-element antenna array, a second output port of the second 4 × 4 butler matrix is connected with a fourth input port of the eight-element antenna array, and a third output port of the first 4 × 4 butler matrix is connected with a fifth input port of the eight-element antenna array, a third output port of the second 4 × 4 butler matrix is connected to a sixth input port of the eight-element antenna array, a fourth output port of the first 4 × 4 butler matrix is connected to a seventh input port of the eight-element antenna array, and a fourth output port of the second 4 × 4 butler matrix is connected to an eighth input port of the eight-element antenna array.

Further, when a signal is input from the first input port of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna, the first input port, the second input port, the third input port, the fourth input port, the fifth input port, the sixth input port, the seventh input port and the eighth input port of the eight-element antenna array all input signals with equal amplitude and a phase difference of-45 ° between adjacent input ports, so as to generate a radiation beam.

Further, when a signal is input from the second input port of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna, the first input port, the second input port, the third input port, the fourth input port, the fifth input port, the sixth input port, the seventh input port and the eighth input port of the eight-element antenna array all input signals with equal amplitudes and the phase difference between the adjacent input ports is +135 °, so as to generate a radiation beam.

Further, when a signal is input from the third input port of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna, signals with equal amplitudes and a phase difference of-90 ° between adjacent input ports are input into the first input port, the second input port, the third input port, the fourth input port, the fifth input port, the sixth input port, the seventh input port and the eighth input port of the eight-element antenna array, so that a radiation beam is generated.

Further, when a signal is input from the fourth input port of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna, signals with equal amplitudes and a phase difference of 0 ° between adjacent input ports are input to the first input port, the second input port, the third input port, the fourth input port, the fifth input port, the sixth input port, the seventh input port, and the eighth input port of the eight-element antenna array, so that a radiation beam is generated.

Further, when a signal is input from the fifth input port of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna, signals with equal amplitudes and a phase difference of +90 ° between adjacent input ports are input into the first input port, the second input port, the third input port, the fourth input port, the fifth input port, the sixth input port, the seventh input port and the eighth input port of the eight-element antenna array, so that a radiation beam is generated.

Further, when a signal is input from the sixth input port of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna, the first input port, the second input port, the third input port, the fourth input port, the fifth input port, the sixth input port, the seventh input port and the eighth input port of the eight-element antenna array all input signals with equal amplitudes and phase differences of adjacent input ports of-135 degrees, so that a radiation beam is generated.

Further, when a signal is input from the seventh input port of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna, the first input port, the second input port, the third input port, the fourth input port, the fifth input port, the sixth input port, the seventh input port and the eighth input port of the eight-element antenna array all input signals with equal amplitudes and the phase difference between the adjacent input ports is +45 °, so as to generate a radiation beam.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

1. the Butler matrix adopted by the invention is different from the traditional Butler matrix, the traditional Butler matrix adopts 2, 4 or 8 input ports, and the invention adopts 7 input ports, so that more output signals with equal amplitude and different phase difference can be provided.

2. Most of the traditional multibeam antennas designed based on the Butler matrix can only provide inclined beams and cannot provide beams radiated in a side direction, and the millimeter wave multibeam antennas designed based on the Butler matrix can realize beams radiated in the side direction.

3. The millimeter wave multi-beam antenna adopts a double-layer structure, avoids using a large number of cross couplers, and saves space and cost.

4. The millimeter wave multi-beam antenna can work in a millimeter wave band of 28GHz-31GHz, and has high gain, narrow beams, compact scanning coverage angle and good anti-interference performance.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a millimeter wave multi-beam antenna.

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a millimeter wave multi-beam antenna.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a first dielectric plate.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a second dielectric plate.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a first double-layer coupler.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a second double-layer coupler.

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a 3 × 4 butler matrix.

Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the first 4 × 4 butler matrix.

Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a second 4 × 4 butler matrix.

Fig. 10 is a schematic view of a first-45 deg. phase shifter.

Fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of a second-45 ° phase shifter.

Fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of an eight-element antenna array.

Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the connection principle of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna.

Fig. 14 is a diagram of a simulation result of return loss when the first input port, the second input port, the third input port, and the fourth input port of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna feed power respectively.

Fig. 15 is a diagram of an isolation simulation result when the first input port, the second input port, the third input port, the fourth input port, the fifth input port, the sixth input port, and the seventh input port of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna feed respectively.

Fig. 16 shows the radiation pattern of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna at 28GHz when the first input port, the second input port, the third input port, the fourth input port, the fifth input port, the sixth input port, and the seventh input port of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna are fed respectively.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.

Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the present embodiment provides a millimeter wave multi-beam antenna based on a 7 × 8 butler matrix, including a first dielectric plate 21 and a second dielectric plate 22 stacked up and down, where a first metal layer 23 is disposed on an upper surface of the first dielectric plate 21, a second metal layer 24 is disposed between the first dielectric plate 21 and the second dielectric plate 22, a third metal layer 25 is disposed on a lower surface of the second dielectric plate 22, a first substrate integrated waveguide metal via 26 is filled in the first dielectric plate 21, the first metal layer 23 and the second metal layer 24 are connected by the first substrate integrated waveguide metal via 26, a second substrate integrated waveguide metal via 27 is filled in the second dielectric plate 22, and the second metal layer 24 and the third metal layer 25 are connected by the second substrate integrated waveguide metal via 27;

a first-45-degree phase shifter 61 and a first 4 × 4 butler matrix 51 are formed on the first metal layer 23, the first dielectric plate 21, the second metal layer 24 and the first substrate integrated waveguide metal via hole 26, and a second-45-degree phase shifter 62 and a second 4 × 4 butler matrix 52 are formed on the second metal layer 24, the second dielectric plate 22, the third metal layer 25 and the second substrate integrated waveguide metal via hole 27; the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna is further formed with a 3 × 4 butler matrix 41, a first double-layer coupler 31, a second double-layer coupler 32 and an eight-element antenna array 7, three coplanar waveguide transmission lines connected with the edge of the first metal layer 23 are formed on the first metal layer 23, four coplanar waveguide transmission lines connected with the edge of the second metal layer 24 are formed on the second metal layer 24, the coplanar waveguide transmission lines are equivalent to one feeding port, that is, three feeding ports are formed on the first metal layer 23, which are respectively a second input port 12, a fourth input port 14 and a seventh input port 17, the second metal layer 24 is used as a ground plate of the first dielectric plate 21, four feeding ports are formed on the second metal layer 24, which are respectively a first input port 11, a third input port 13, a fifth input port 15 and a sixth input port 16, the third metal layer 25 is used as a grounding plate of the second dielectric plate 22;

the coplanar waveguide transmission line is equivalent to a feeding port through a splay slot, the feeding port is a 50 Ω feeding port, the first input port 11 of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna is connected with the first input port 311 of the first double-layer coupler 31, the second input port 12 of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna is connected with the second input port 312 of the first double-layer coupler 31, the third input port 13 of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna is connected with the first input port 411 of the 3 × 4 butler matrix 41, the fourth input port 14 of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna is connected with the second input port 412 of the 3 × 4 butler matrix 41, the fifth input port 15 of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna is connected with the third input port 413 of the 3 × 4 butler matrix 41, and the sixth input port 16 of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna is connected with the first input port 321 of the second double-layer coupler 32, the seventh input port 17 of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna is connected to the second input port 322 of the second double-layer coupler 32, the first output port 313 of the first double-layer coupler 31 is connected to the input port 611 of the first-45 ° phase shifter 61, the second output port 314 of the first double-layer coupler 31 is connected to the first input port 521 of the second 4 × 4 butler matrix 52, the output port 612 of the first-45 ° phase shifter 61 is connected to the first input port 511 of the first 4 × 4 butler matrix 51, the first output port 414 of the 3 × 4 butler matrix 41 is connected to the second input port 512 of the first 4 × 4 butler matrix 51, the second output port 415 of the 3 × 4 butler matrix 41 is connected to the second input port 522 of the second 4 × 4 butler matrix 52, the third output port 416 of the 3 × 4 butler matrix 41 is connected to the third input port 513 of the first 4 × 4 butler matrix 51, the fourth output port 417 of the 3 × 4 butler matrix 41 is connected to the third input port 523 of the second 4 × 4 butler matrix 52, the first output port 321 of the second double-layer coupler 32 is connected to the fourth input port 514 of the first 4 × 4 butler matrix 51, the second output port 322 of the second double-layer coupler 32 is connected to the input port 621 of the second-45 ° phase shifter 62, the output port 622 of the second-45 ° phase shifter 62 is connected to the fourth input port 524 of the second 4 × 4 butler matrix 52, the first output port 515 of the first 4 × 4 butler matrix 51 is connected to the first input port 711 of the eight-element antenna array 7, the first output port 525 of the second 4 × 4 butler matrix 52 is connected to the second input port 712 of the eight-element antenna array 7, the second output port 516 of the first 4 × 4 butler matrix 51 is connected to the third input port 713 of the eight-element antenna array 7, the second output port 526 of the second 4 × 4 butler matrix 52 is connected to the fourth input port 714 of the eight-element antenna array 7, the third output port 517 of the first 4 × 4 butler matrix 51 is connected to the fifth input port 715 of the eight-element antenna array 7, the third output port 527 of the second 4 × 4 butler matrix 52 is connected to the sixth input port 716 of the eight-element antenna array 7, the fourth output port 518 of the first 4 × 4 butler matrix 51 is connected to the seventh input port 717 of the eight-element antenna array 7, and the fourth output port 528 of the second 4 × 4 butler matrix 52 is connected to the eighth input port 718 of the eight-element antenna array 7.

Referring to fig. 5 and 6, the first double-layer coupler 31 is identical in structure to the second double-layer coupler 32. The first double-layer coupler 31 is divided into two units, namely a first unit of the first double-layer coupler 31 and a second unit of the first double-layer coupler 31, the first unit of the first double-layer coupler 31 is arranged on the first metal layer 23, the first dielectric plate 21, the second metal layer 24 and the first substrate integrated waveguide metal via 26, the second unit of the first double-layer coupler 31 is arranged on the second metal layer 24, the second dielectric plate 22, the third metal layer 25 and the second substrate integrated waveguide metal via 27, and the first unit of the first double-layer coupler 31 and the second unit of the first double-layer coupler 31 form a whole by forming a first gap 315 on the second metal layer 24; the first double-layer coupler 31 is provided with two input ports and two output ports, which are a first input port 311 of the first double-layer coupler 31, a second input port 312 of the first double-layer coupler 31, a first output port 313 of the first double-layer coupler 31 and a second output port 314 of the first double-layer coupler 31, respectively, when a signal is input from the first input port 311 of the first double-layer coupler 31, the first output port 313 and the second output port 314 output signals with equal power, and the phase difference is-90 °; when a signal is input from the second input port 312 of the first double-layer coupler 31, the first output port 313 and the second output port 314 output signals with equal power, and the phase difference is +90 °; the functional principle of the second double-layer coupler 32 is the same as that of the first double-layer coupler 31, and the description thereof will not be repeated.

Referring to fig. 7, the 3 × 4 butler matrix 41 is divided into two units, that is, a first unit of the 3 × 4 butler matrix 41 and a second unit of the 3 × 4 butler matrix 41, the first unit of the 3 × 4 butler matrix 41 is disposed on the first metal layer 23, the first dielectric plate 21, the second metal layer 24 and the first substrate integrated waveguide metal via 26, and the second unit of the 3 × 4 butler matrix 41 is disposed on the second metal layer 24, the second dielectric plate 22, the third metal layer 25 and the second substrate integrated waveguide metal via 27; the 3 × 4 butler matrix 41 is provided with three input ports and four output ports, which are respectively a first input port 411 of the 3 × 4 butler matrix 41, a second input port 412 of the 3 × 4 butler matrix 41, a third input port 413 of the 3 × 4 butler matrix 41, a first output port 414 of the 3 × 4 butler matrix 41, a second output port 415 of the 3 × 4 butler matrix 41, a third output port 416 of the 3 × 4 butler matrix 41 and a fourth output port 417 of the 3 × 4 butler matrix 41, and when a signal is input from the first input port 411 of the 3 × 4 butler matrix 41, the first output port 414, the second output port 415, the third output port 416 and the fourth output port 417 of the 3 × 4 butler matrix 41 output equal power and have a phase difference of-90 °; when a signal is input from the second input port 412 of the 3 × 4 butler matrix 41, the first output port 414, the second output port 415, the third output port 416, and the fourth output port 417 of the 3 × 4 butler matrix 41 output signals with equal power and a phase difference of 0 °; when a signal is input from the third input port 413 of the 3 × 4 butler matrix 41, the first output port 414, the second output port 415, the third output port 416, and the fourth output port 417 of the 3 × 4 butler matrix 41 output signals with equal power and a phase difference of +90 °.

Referring to fig. 8 and 9, the first 4 × 4 butler matrix 51 has the same structure as the second 4 × 4 butler matrix 52. The first 4 × 4 butler matrix 51 is provided with four input ports and four output ports, which are a first input port 511 of the first 4 × 4 butler matrix 51, a second input port 512 of the first 4 × 4 butler matrix 51, a third input port 513 of the first 4 × 4 butler matrix 51, a fourth input port 514 of the first 4 × 4 butler matrix 51, a first output port 515 of the first 4 × 4 butler matrix 51, a second output port 516 of the first 4 × 4 butler matrix 51, a third output port 517 of the first 4 × 4 butler matrix 51, and a fourth output port 518 of the first 4 × 4 butler matrix 51, respectively; when a signal is input from the first input port 511 of the first 4 × 4 butler matrix 51, the first output port 515, the second output port 516, the third output port 517 and the fourth output port 518 of the first 4 × 4 butler matrix 51 output signals with equal power and a phase difference of-90 °; when a signal is input from the second input port 512 of the first 4 × 4 butler matrix 51, the first output port 515, the second output port 516, the third output port 517 and the fourth output port 518 of the first 4 × 4 butler matrix 51 output equal power, and the phase differences are-90 °, +90 ° and-90 ° signals, respectively; when a signal is input from the third input port 513 of the first 4 × 4 butler matrix 51, the first output port 515, the second output port 516, the third output port 517 and the fourth output port 518 of the first 4 × 4 butler matrix 51 output equal power, and the phase differences are respectively signals of +90 °, -90 °, and +90 °; when a signal is input from the fourth input port 514 of the first 4 × 4 butler matrix 51, the first output port 515, the second output port 516, the third output port 517, and the fourth output port 518 of the first 4 × 4 butler matrix 51 output signals of equal power with a phase difference of +90 °. The principle function of the second 4 × 4 butler matrix 52 is the same as that of the first 4 × 4 butler matrix 51, and a description thereof will not be repeated.

Referring to fig. 10 and 11, the first-45 ° phase shifter 61 is provided with an input port 611 and an output port 612, and when a signal is input from the input port 611 of the first-45 ° phase shifter 61, the signal is output from the output port 612 of the first-45 ° phase shifter 61 in its entirety, and a-45 ° phase shift is generated; the second-45 phase shifter 62 is provided with an input port 621 and an output port 622, and when a signal is input from the input port 621 of the second-45 phase shifter 62, the signal is totally output from the output port 622 of the second-45 phase shifter 62 and a-45 phase shift is generated.

Referring to fig. 12, the eight-element antenna array 7 is divided into eight elements, which are a first element 71 of the eight-element antenna array 7, a second element 72 of the eight-element antenna array 7, a third element 73 of the eight-element antenna array 7, a fourth element 74 of the eight-element antenna array 7, a fifth element 75 of the eight-element antenna array 7, a sixth element 76 of the eight-element antenna array 7, a seventh element 77 of the eight-element antenna array 7, and an eighth element 78 of the eight-element antenna array 7, wherein the first element 71 of the eight-element antenna array 7, the third element 73 of the eight-element antenna array 7, the fifth element 75 of the eight-element antenna array 7, and the seventh element 77 of the eight-element antenna array 7 are disposed on the first metal layer 23, the first dielectric plate 21, the second metal layer 24, and the first substrate integrated waveguide metal via hole 26, and the second element 72, the fifth element, The fourth element 74 of the eight-element antenna array 7, the sixth element 76 of the eight-element antenna array 7 and the eighth element 78 of the eight-element antenna array 7 are disposed on the second metal layer 24, the second dielectric plate 22, the third metal layer 25 and the second substrate integrated waveguide metal via hole 27; the eight-element antenna array 7 is provided with eight input ports, namely a first input port 711, a second input port 712, a third input port 713, a fourth input port 714, a fifth input port 715, a sixth input port 716, a seventh input port 717 and an eighth input port 718 of the eight-element antenna array 7.

Referring to fig. 13, when a signal is input from the first input port 11 of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna, the first input port 711, the second input port 712, the third input port 713, the fourth input port 714, the fifth input port 715, the sixth input port 716, the seventh input port 717, and the eighth input port 718 of the eight-element antenna array 7 each input a signal having equal amplitude and a phase difference between adjacent input ports of-45 °, thereby generating a radiation beam;

when a signal is input from the second input port 12 of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna, the first input port 711, the second input port 712, the third input port 713, the fourth input port 714, the fifth input port 715, the sixth input port 716, the seventh input port 717, and the eighth input port 718 of the eight-element antenna array 7 each input a signal having equal amplitude and a phase difference between adjacent input ports of +135 °, thereby generating a radiation beam;

when a signal is input from the third input port 13 of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna, the first input port 711, the second input port 712, the third input port 713, the fourth input port 714, the fifth input port 715, the sixth input port 716, the seventh input port 717, and the eighth input port 718 of the eight-element antenna array 7 each input a signal having equal amplitude and a phase difference between adjacent input ports of-90 °, thereby generating a radiation beam;

when a signal is input from the fourth input port 14 of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna, the first input port 711, the second input port 712, the third input port 713, the fourth input port 714, the fifth input port 715, the sixth input port 716, the seventh input port 717, and the eighth input port 718 of the eight-element antenna array 7 each input a signal having equal amplitude and a phase difference between adjacent input ports of 0 °, thereby generating a radiation beam;

when a signal is input from the fifth input port 15 of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna, the first input port 711, the second input port 712, the third input port 713, the fourth input port 714, the fifth input port 715, the sixth input port 716, the seventh input port 717, and the eighth input port 718 of the eight-element antenna array 7 each input a signal having equal amplitude and a phase difference of +90 ° between adjacent input ports, thereby generating a radiation beam;

when a signal is input from the sixth input port 16 of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna, the first input port 711, the second input port 712, the third input port 713, the fourth input port 714, the fifth input port 715, the sixth input port 716, the seventh input port 717, and the eighth input port 718 of the eight-element antenna array 7 all input signals with equal amplitude and a phase difference between adjacent input ports of-135 °, so as to generate a radiation beam;

when a signal is input from the seventh input port 17 of the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna, the first input port 711, the second input port 712, the third input port 713, the fourth input port 714, the fifth input port 715, the sixth input port 716, the seventh input port 717, and the eighth input port 718 of the eight-element antenna array 7 each input a signal having equal amplitude and a phase difference of +45 ° between adjacent input ports, thereby generating a radiation beam.

Referring to fig. 14, a graph of simulation results of return loss when the first input port, the second input port, the third input port and the fourth input port of the present invention are respectively fed is shown. It can be seen that the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna has good reflection coefficients in the pass band, which are all lower than-7.5 dB.

Referring to fig. 15, a diagram of an isolation simulation result when the first input port, the second input port, the third input port, the fourth input port, the fifth input port, the sixth input port, and the seventh input port of the present invention feed power respectively is shown. It can be seen that the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna has good isolation coefficients in the pass band, which are all lower than-13 dB.

Referring to fig. 16, when the first input port, the second input port, the third input port, the fourth input port, the fifth input port, the sixth input port, and the seventh input port of the present invention are fed respectively, the radiation pattern of the multibeam antenna is 28 GHz. It can be seen that the millimeter wave multi-beam antenna can generate different and independently directed beams when fed by different input ports.

The above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, so that the changes in the shape and principle of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.