阅读说明：本技术 通过复合粉体低温熔融粘合对纺织品进行改性的方法 (Method for modifying textile through low-temperature melting and bonding of composite powder ) 是由 卿星 陈佳慧 于 2021-03-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种通过复合粉体低温熔融粘合对纺织品进行改性的方法。该方法将改性粉体与低熔点热塑性聚合物进行熔融共混挤出造粒,同时添加分散剂提高混合均匀度；将母粒低温冷却后粉碎,然后喷涂至纺织品等基材表面在90～120℃的温度下进行熔融压合,即可实现改性粉体对纺织品表面的改性。本发明通过熔融涂层的方法能够在较低温度下实现较大粒径的功能性粉体在纺织品表面的粘合,实现对纺织品的功能改性。具有操作方法简便、负载牢度和均匀度高、适用范围广的优点。(The invention provides a method for modifying textiles by low-temperature fusion bonding of composite powder. The method comprises the steps of carrying out melt blending extrusion granulation on modified powder and a low-melting-point thermoplastic polymer, and simultaneously adding a dispersing agent to improve the mixing uniformity; and (3) cooling the master batch at low temperature, crushing, spraying the crushed master batch on the surface of a base material such as a textile, and performing fusion and lamination at the temperature of 90-120 ℃, so that the modification of the surface of the textile by the modified powder can be realized. The invention can realize the adhesion of functional powder with larger grain diameter on the surface of the textile at lower temperature by a method of melting the coating, and realize the functional modification of the textile. Has the advantages of simple operation method, high load fastness and uniformity and wide application range.)

1. A method for modifying textiles through low-temperature fusion bonding of composite powder is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, uniformly mixing a low-melting-point thermoplastic polymer and modified powder according to a preset mass ratio to obtain a mixed material;

s2, melting and blending the mixed material obtained in the step S1 in an extruder, extruding and granulating, then carrying out low-temperature cooling, and crushing to obtain composite powder with the particle size of less than or equal to 500 um;

s3, spraying the composite powder obtained in the step S2 on the surface of the textile to be modified, and then carrying out fusion and lamination to obtain the textile with the modified surface.

2. The method for modifying textiles through low-temperature fusion bonding of composite powder according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the preset mass ratio of the low-melting-point thermoplastic polymer to the modified powder is 99: 1-50: 50.

3. The method for modifying textiles through low-temperature fusion bonding of composite powder according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, a dispersant is further added to the mixed material, and the addition amount of the dispersant is 0.1-1% of the sum of the mass of the low-melting-point thermoplastic polymer and the mass of the modified powder.

4. The method for modifying textiles through low-temperature fusion bonding of composite powders according to claim 3, wherein the dispersant includes but is not limited to one or both of liquid paraffin and white mineral oil.

5. The method for modifying textiles through low-temperature fusion bonding of composite powders according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the melting point of the low-melting-point thermoplastic polymer is less than or equal to 105 ℃.

6. The method for modifying textiles through low-temperature fusion bonding of composite powder according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the low-melting-point thermoplastic polymer includes but is not limited to one or more of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer, low-melting-point polyurethane, and low-melting-point copolyamide.

7. The method for modifying textiles through low-temperature fusion bonding of composite powders according to claim 1 or 6, wherein in step S1, the particle size of the modified powder is less than or equal to 100 um.

8. The method for modifying textiles through low-temperature fusion bonding of composite powders according to claim 7, wherein the modified powders include but are not limited to one or more of inorganic powders, metal oxide powders, and inorganic metal composite powders.

9. The method for modifying textiles through low temperature fusion bonding of composite powders according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the temperature of the cryogenic cooling is lower than the glass transition temperature of the low melting point thermoplastic polymer.

10. The method for modifying the textile through the low-temperature fusion bonding of the composite powder according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the temperature of the fusion pressing is 90-120 ℃.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of textile modification, in particular to a method for modifying textiles through low-temperature fusion bonding of composite powder.

Background

Along with the development of society, the market demand of multifunctional textiles is more and more increased, and functional fabrics such as flame retardant, uvioresistant, waterproof, water repellent, self-cleaning and the like are more and more favored by consumers. Current methods for obtaining functional fabrics generally include: composite spinning, dipping and adsorbing the fabric or surface coating.

In the development of functional textile fabrics, a more common method is to add functional powder into a polymer in a composite manner through a melt spinning process at the front section, obtain functional fibers through composite spinning, and then make the functional fibers into textiles for application. However, the powder is added for modification in the melt spinning process, the particle size of the powder is generally required to be higher (less than or equal to 2um), if the particle size of the powder is too large, a spinneret plate assembly is easy to block, the dispersibility is poor, and the mechanical property of the fiber is easy to influence. The dipping and adsorption process is to prepare the functional modified substance into a solution and then carry out the padding treatment on the fabric in the solution to realize the compounding of the functional modified substance and the fabric. At present, most of methods for coating the surface of textile fabrics are to modify the textile fabrics by coating liquid raw materials (such as CN111234685A and CN 111057209A). The raw materials used in the coating method and the dipping and adsorbing method are generally required to be soluble in a solvent, the prepared liquid slurry is viscous, the preparation process is extremely complicated, and the method is not suitable for the condition that solid powder needs to be bonded on the surface of the fabric because the solid powder is difficult to disperse in the viscous liquid. Furthermore, solid powders, in particular inorganic or metallic powders, such as silica, titanium dioxide, aluminosilicates, clays, etc., have a short functional life because of the lack of reactive groups chemically bonded to the fabric, which, after adsorption or coating on the fabric surface, is less load-resistant. At present, most of methods for surface modification of modified powder improve the dispersibility of the modified powder and realize the chemical bonding of the modified powder and fabric, thereby improving the bonding fastness of the modified powder and fabric. However, after the surface modification of the modified powder, the functionality of the modified powder itself may be affected, and the modification method is complicated, increasing the production cost and time cost.

In order to solve the problem, the invention designs a method for bonding solid particles with larger particle sizes to the surface of a textile through a low-melting-point polymer under a low-temperature condition (90-120 ℃), so that the functional modification of the textile is realized.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for modifying textiles through low-temperature fusion bonding of composite powder. The invention can realize the adhesion of functional powder with larger grain diameter on the surface of the textile at lower temperature by a method of melting the coating, and realize the functional modification of the textile. Has the advantages of simple operation method, high load fastness and uniformity and wide application range.

In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a method for modifying textiles by low-temperature fusion bonding of composite powder, which comprises the following steps:

s1, uniformly mixing a low-melting-point thermoplastic polymer and modified powder according to a preset mass ratio to obtain a mixed material;

s2, melting and blending the mixed material obtained in the step S1 in an extruder, extruding and granulating, then carrying out low-temperature cooling, and crushing to obtain composite powder with the particle size of less than or equal to 500 um;

s3, spraying the composite powder obtained in the step S2 on the surface of the textile to be modified, and then carrying out fusion and lamination to obtain the textile with the modified surface.

In a further improvement of the present invention, in step S1, the predetermined mass ratio of the low-melting-point thermoplastic polymer to the modified powder is 99:1 to 50: 50.

In a further improvement of the present invention, in step S1, a dispersant is further added to the mixture, and the addition amount of the dispersant is 0.1% to 1% of the sum of the mass of the low melting point thermoplastic polymer and the mass of the modified powder.

As a further improvement of the invention, the dispersant includes but is not limited to one or two of liquid paraffin and white mineral oil.

As a further improvement of the invention, in step S1, the melting point of the low-melting thermoplastic polymer is 105 ℃.

As a further improvement of the invention, the low melting point thermoplastic polymer includes but is not limited to one or more of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer, low melting point polyurethane, and low melting point copolyamide.

In a further improvement of the present invention, in step S1, the particle size of the modified powder is not more than 100 um.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the modified powder includes, but is not limited to, one or more of inorganic powder, metal oxide powder, and inorganic metal composite powder.

As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S2, the temperature of the cryogenic cooling is lower than the glass transition temperature of the low melting point thermoplastic polymer.

As a further improvement of the invention, in step S3, the temperature of the melt pressing is 90-120 ℃.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the method for modifying the textile through the low-temperature fusion bonding of the composite powder does not damage the performance of the textile. The low-melting-point thermoplastic polymer and the modified powder are selected to be melted and blended in a double-screw extruder, the low-melting-point thermoplastic polymer is melted and can form uniform dispersoid with the modified powder, so that the requirement on the particle size of the modified powder is not high, and the modified powder with the particle size of less than or equal to 20um can be selected and can be uniformly mixed with the low-melting-point thermoplastic polymer. The thermoplastic polymer with low melting point and low viscosity is selected, so that on one hand, low-temperature melting and hot pressing can be realized, the energy consumption is reduced, the melting temperature and the viscosity are relatively low, the performance of the modified powder is not easily influenced, and the dispersion is easier and uniform; on the other hand, the selected low-melting-point thermoplastic polymer has strong bonding property with the textile fabric, and the melting and hot-pressing temperature is relatively low, so that the problem of thermal shrinkage or thermal degradation of the textile fabric can be avoided.

2. The method for modifying the textile through the low-temperature melting bonding of the composite powder has the advantages that the melting and bonding temperature is slightly higher than the melting point of the selected low-melting-point thermoplastic polymer, the low-melting-point thermoplastic polymer is melted in the melting and bonding process to form a thermal bonding effect with fibers of the textile, and the low-melting-point thermoplastic polymer and the modified powder form uniform composite powder, so that the modified powder can form good bonding with the textile fabric under the thermal bonding effect of the low-melting-point thermoplastic polymer, and the load fastness and the service life of the modified powder on the surface of the textile fabric are obviously improved. In conclusion, the functional powder with larger particle size can be bonded on the surface of the textile at lower temperature, and the functional modification of the textile is realized. Has the advantages of simple operation method, high load fastness and uniformity and wide application range.

3. According to the invention, a silica gel composite coating with high bonding fastness and high dispersion uniformity is prepared on the surface of the polyester fabric in a mode of melting and blending silica gel powder with larger particle size and low-melting-point polymer, and then spraying and hot-pressing. The coating can endow the fabric with good heat insulation performance, and the coating prepared by the method has controllable thickness and less influence on the wearability of the fabric. Compared with the padding or composite spinning method in the prior art, the modification method provided by the invention has the advantages of higher load fastness, stronger functionality, wider application range, less influence on the performance of the fabric, and difficulty in blocking the pores of the silica gel, so that the thermal barrier property of the silica gel can be fully exerted.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an SEM image of the surface of an unmodified polyester fabric in example 1;

FIG. 2 is an SEM image of the surface of the polyester fabric after surface modification in example 1;

FIG. 3 is SiO prepared in example 1₂Optical photos of the aerogel/EVA/terylene composite textile;

FIG. 4 is SiO example 1₂Heating pictures of aerogel/EVA/terylene composite textiles.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

It should be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention with unnecessary details, only the structures and/or processing steps closely related to the scheme of the present invention are shown in the specific embodiments, and other details not closely related to the present invention are omitted.

In addition, it is also to be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

The invention provides a method for modifying textiles through low-temperature fusion bonding of composite powder, which comprises the following steps:

s1, uniformly mixing a low-melting-point thermoplastic polymer and modified powder according to a preset mass ratio to obtain a mixed material;

s2, melting and blending the mixed material obtained in the step S1 in an extruder, extruding and granulating, then carrying out low-temperature cooling, and crushing to obtain composite powder with the particle size of less than or equal to 500 um;

s3, spraying the composite powder obtained in the step S2 on the surface of the textile to be modified, and then carrying out fusion and lamination to obtain the textile with the modified surface.

In step S1, the preset mass ratio of the low-melting-point thermoplastic polymer to the modified powder is 99: 1-50: 50.

preferably, the low melting point thermoplastic polymer has a melting point of 105 ℃ or less, and the low melting point thermoplastic polymer includes but is not limited to one or more of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer, low melting point polyurethane and low melting point copolyamide.

Preferably, the particle size of the modified powder is less than or equal to 100 um. The modified powder includes but is not limited to one or more of inorganic powder, metal oxide powder and inorganic metal composite powder. For example: silica, titania, zirconia, layered magnesium silicate, aluminosilicate, calcium carbonate, natural clay, synthetic clay, and the like. The modified powder is preferably modified powder with a porous structure, such as silica aerogel powder and the like, and by adopting the method disclosed by the invention, a silica gel composite coating with high bonding fastness and high dispersion uniformity can be prepared on the surface of the fabric, and pores are not easy to block, so that the thermal barrier property of the fabric is fully exerted.

By adopting the technical scheme, the low-melting-point thermoplastic polymer and the modified powder are melted in the double-screw extruder, and the low-melting-point thermoplastic polymer and the modified powder can form uniform dispersoid, so that the requirement on the particle size of the modified powder is not high, and the modified powder with the particle size of less than or equal to 100um can be uniformly mixed with the low-melting-point thermoplastic polymer. The low-melting-point thermoplastic polymer is selected, so that on one hand, low-temperature melting and hot pressing can be realized, the energy consumption is reduced, the melting temperature is relatively low, and the performance of the modified powder is not easily influenced; on the other hand, the selected low-melting-point thermoplastic polymer has strong bonding property with the textile fabric, and the melting and hot-pressing temperature is relatively low, so that the problem of thermal shrinkage or thermal degradation of the textile fabric can be avoided.

Preferably, a dispersing agent is further added into the mixed material, the addition amount of the dispersing agent is 0.1-1% of the mass sum of the low-melting-point thermoplastic polymer and the modified powder, and the dispersing agent comprises but is not limited to one or two of liquid paraffin and white mineral oil. And the mixing uniformity of the modified powder and the low-melting-point thermoplastic polymer is further improved by adding a proper amount of dispersant.

Preferably, in step S2, the temperature of the cryogenic cooling is below the glass transition temperature of the low melting point thermoplastic polymer; preferably-20 to 0 ℃. Through low-temperature cooling, the particle size of the powder can be made finer in the crushing process, and the powder can be more uniformly dispersed on the surface of the fabric in the spraying process.

In step S3, the temperature of the melting and pressing is 90-120 ℃. The melting and pressing temperature is slightly higher than the melting point of the selected low-melting-point thermoplastic polymer, the low-melting-point thermoplastic polymer is melted in the melting and pressing process to form a thermal bonding effect with fibers of the textile, and the low-melting-point thermoplastic polymer and the modified powder form uniform composite powder, so that the modified powder can form good bonding with the textile fabric under the thermal bonding effect of the low-melting-point thermoplastic polymer, and the load fastness and the service life of the modified powder on the surface of the textile fabric are obviously improved.

By adopting the technical scheme, the functional powder with larger grain diameter can be bonded on the surface of the textile at lower temperature, and the functional modification of the textile is realized. Has the advantages of simple operation method, high load fastness and uniformity and wide application range.

Example 1

A method for modifying textiles through low-temperature fusion bonding of composite powder comprises the following steps:

s1, selecting a nontoxic ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA with a melting point of 95 ℃) with a low melting point and a low viscosity as an adhesive, mixing the adhesive with silicon dioxide aerogel powder (with a particle size of about 5-10 mu m) according to a mass ratio of 80:20, and simultaneously adding a proper amount of liquid paraffin (the addition amount is 0.5% of the mass sum of the EVA and the silicon dioxide) to obtain a mixed material;

s2, melting and blending the mixed material obtained in the step S1 in a double-screw extruder, extruding and granulating (the melting and blending temperature is 110 ℃), then cooling at-15 ℃ and crushing to obtain composite powder with the particle size of about 300 um;

s3, spraying the composite powder obtained in the step S2 to the surface of the polyester textile to be modified by using a powder sprayer, and then carrying out fusion and lamination at the temperature of 115 ℃ to enable the composite powder to be adhered to fibers of the polyester textile, so as to obtain the surface-modified polyester textile.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, it can be seen that after the polyester fabric is subjected to surface modification by the modification method of the present invention, a uniform adhesive layer is formed on the surface of the polyester fabric, which indicates that the silica aerogel powder is adhered along with the EVA by melting, and the fastness is loaded on the surface of the polyester fiber. The surface modified polyester textile prepared in example 1 is subjected to a water washing resistance test, and the test result shows that the loss rate of the silicon dioxide aerogel powder is only 1% after 50 times of water washing. Therefore, by adopting the method provided by the invention, in the process of melting and pressing, the low-melting-point thermoplastic polymer is melted to form a thermal bonding effect with fibers of the textile, and the low-melting-point thermoplastic polymer and the modified powder form uniform composite powder, so that the modified powder can form good bonding with the textile fabric under the thermal bonding effect of the low-melting-point thermoplastic polymer, thereby not only endowing the textile with functionality, but also obviously improving the load fastness and the service life of the modified powder on the surface of the textile fabric.

Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, it can be seen that the SiO prepared in this example is irradiated for 5min₂The temperature difference between two sides of the aerogel/EVA/terylene composite textile reaches about 9.6 ℃, and the aerogel/EVA/terylene composite textile has good heat insulation performance. Therefore, the invention prepares a silica gel composite coating with high bonding fastness and high dispersion uniformity on the surface of the polyester fabric by melting and blending the silica gel powder with larger particle size and the low-melting-point polymer and then spraying and hot-pressing. The coating can endow the fabric with good heat insulation performance, and the coating prepared by the method has controllable thickness and less influence on the wearability of the fabric. Compared with the padding or composite spinning method in the prior art, the modification method provided by the invention has the advantages of higher load fastness, stronger functionality, wider application range, less influence on the performance of the fabric, and difficult blockage of the pores of the silica gel, so that the method can be used for preparing the composite fiberThe heat barrier property can be fully exerted.

Example 2

A method for modifying textiles through low-temperature fusion bonding of composite powder comprises the following steps:

s1, selecting a nontoxic ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer (the melting point is 100 ℃) with a low melting point and low viscosity as an adhesive, mixing the adhesive with silicon dioxide aerogel powder (the particle size is about 5-10 mu m) according to a mass ratio of 90:10, and simultaneously adding a proper amount of liquid paraffin (the addition amount is 0.5% of the mass sum of the ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer and the silicon dioxide) to obtain a mixed material;

s2, melting and blending the mixed material obtained in the step S1 in a double-screw extruder, extruding and granulating (the melting and blending temperature is 120), then cooling at-15 ℃ and then crushing to obtain composite powder with the particle size of about 300 um;

s3, spraying the composite powder obtained in the step S2 to the surface of the polyester textile to be modified by using a powder sprayer, and then carrying out fusion and lamination at the temperature of 120 ℃ to enable the composite powder to be adhered to fibers of the polyester textile, so as to obtain the surface-modified polyester textile.

Example 3 and comparative examples 1-2

The method for modifying textiles through low-temperature fusion bonding of composite powder provided in example 3 and comparative examples 1-2 is different from example 1 in that in step S1, the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is replaced with low-melting-point polyurethane, low-melting-point polyester, and low-melting-point nylon, as shown in table 1, the rest is substantially the same as example 1, and thus, the description thereof is omitted.

TABLE 1 preparation conditions and Wash resistance test results of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2

Test specimen	Polymer and method of making same	Melting Point (. degree.C.)	Fastness to coating	Temperature difference (. degree.C.) between both sides
					Example 1	Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer	95	Good effect	9.6
Example 2	Ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer	100	Good effect	8.2
					Example 3	Low-melting polyurethane	80	Good effect	9.8
Comparative example 1	Low-melting polyester	120	Is easy to fall off	3.8
					Comparative example 2	Low melting point nylon	130	Is easy to fall off	2.5

As can be seen from Table 1, the composite powder prepared by using the polymer with lower melting point as the matrix has higher coating fastness, and the prepared SiO has₂The heat insulation performance of the aerogel composite textile is better than that of the composite powder with the polymer with higher melting point as the matrix. The preparation method of the invention is adopted to show that the pores of the silicon dioxide gel are not easy to block, thereby fully playing the thermal barrier property. When the melting point of the polymer is high, the properties of the silica gel powder itself may be deteriorated or the pores may be clogged, thereby deteriorating the heat insulating property.

It should be noted that, those skilled in the art should understand that the modified powder and the low melting point thermoplastic polymer of the present invention are not limited to the materials listed in the above examples. In actual use, appropriate raw materials and preparation process parameters can be selected according to the characteristics of the specifically selected modified powder and the target functional fabric to be prepared. The invention provides a new thought for functional fabrics with high load fastness, and is particularly suitable for functional modification of modified powder with a porous structure.

In summary, the method for modifying textiles through low-temperature fusion bonding of composite powder provided by the invention carries out fusion blending extrusion granulation on modified powder and low-melting-point thermoplastic polymer, and simultaneously adds dispersing agent to improve mixing uniformity; and (3) cooling the master batch at low temperature, crushing, spraying the crushed master batch on the surface of a base material such as a textile, and performing fusion and lamination at the temperature of 90-120 ℃, so that the modification of the surface of the textile by the modified powder can be realized. The thermoplastic polymer with low melting point and low viscosity is selected, so that on one hand, low-temperature melting and hot pressing can be realized, the energy consumption is reduced, the melting temperature and the viscosity are relatively low, the performance of the modified powder is not easily influenced, and the dispersion is easier and uniform; on the other hand, the selected low-melting-point thermoplastic polymer has strong bonding property with the textile fabric, and the melting and hot-pressing temperature is relatively low, so that the problem of thermal shrinkage or thermal degradation of the textile fabric can be avoided. The invention can realize the adhesion of functional powder with larger grain diameter on the surface of the textile at lower temperature by a method of melting the coating, and realize the functional modification of the textile. Has the advantages of simple operation method, high load fastness and uniformity and wide application range.

Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.