阅读说明：本技术 一种基于氢燃料电池的建筑分布式供能系统及运行方法 (Building distributed energy supply system based on hydrogen fuel cell and operation method ) 是由 刘凤国 赵楠楠 陈祖银 于 2021-02-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种基于氢燃料电池的建筑分布式供能系统及运行方法,包括氢燃料电池系统和空气源热泵系统、余热回收系统；所述的氢燃料电池系统产生电力,并利用蓄电池存储电力用于驱动压缩机和向建筑供电；所述的空气源热泵系统在制冷模式下,制冷剂通过板式换热器制取冷冻水用于制冷,在制热模式下,制冷剂通过翅片式换热器从空气中取热,利用板式换热器制取热水用于供暖,所述余热回收系统回收氢燃料电池余热用于制取生活热水,在冬季气温低时作为空气源热泵系统的辅助热源。本发明充分合理地利用了氢燃料电池的电力和余热,实现了建筑供电、制冷、供暖和供生活热水的目的,能源利用率提升,符合当今节能减排的能源政策需求,社会效益显著。(The invention discloses a building distributed energy supply system based on a hydrogen fuel cell and an operation method, wherein the building distributed energy supply system comprises a hydrogen fuel cell system, an air source heat pump system and a waste heat recovery system; the hydrogen fuel cell system generates electricity and uses the storage battery to store the electricity for driving the compressor and supplying electricity to the building; in the air source heat pump system, in a refrigeration mode, a refrigerant is used for preparing chilled water through a plate heat exchanger for refrigeration, in a heating mode, the refrigerant is used for taking heat from air through a fin type heat exchanger, hot water is prepared through the plate heat exchanger for heating, the waste heat recovery system is used for recovering the waste heat of a hydrogen fuel cell for preparing domestic hot water, and the waste heat is used as an auxiliary heat source of the air source heat pump system when the air temperature is low in winter. The invention fully and reasonably utilizes the electric power and the waste heat of the hydrogen fuel cell, realizes the purposes of building power supply, refrigeration, heating and domestic hot water supply, improves the energy utilization rate, meets the energy policy requirements of energy conservation and emission reduction at present, and has remarkable social benefit.)

1. A building distributed energy supply system based on a hydrogen fuel cell and an operation method thereof are characterized by comprising a hydrogen fuel cell system, an air source heat pump system and a waste heat recovery system;

the hydrogen fuel cell system comprises a hydrogen supply pipeline, an air supply pipeline, a fuel cell, a storage battery and a direct current-alternating current converter; the hydrogen supply pipeline comprises a hydrogen storage tank, a pressure reducing valve, a manual stop valve, an explosion-proof electromagnetic valve and a hydrogen circulating pump; the air supply pipeline comprises an air filter, an air compressor, an intercooler and an air stop valve; the hydrogen supply pipeline and the air supply pipeline are both connected with the fuel cell, the hydrogen and the oxygen in the air react in the fuel cell to generate direct current, the reacted hydrogen is sent into the hydrogen supply pipeline again through the hydrogen circulating pump, and the reacted air exhaust gas is discharged into the air through the air stop valve; the storage battery stores direct current, and the direct current-alternating current converter converts the direct current into alternating current for electricity utilization of buildings and driving of a compressor of the air source heat pump system;

the air source heat pump system comprises a refrigerant cycle, a water cycle and an auxiliary heat dissipation cycle;

the refrigerant cycle process is as follows: the compressor compresses the refrigerant into a gas state, the compressed gas refrigerant enters the oil separator, the lubricating oil mixed with the gas refrigerant is separated and returns to the compressor through the oil return pipe, in the heating mode, the gas refrigerant enters the plate heat exchanger through the four-way reversing valve to release heat and condense into a liquid state, the liquid refrigerant enters the liquid reservoir through the third one-way valve, the liquid refrigerant is discharged through the liquid reservoir and sequentially passes through the drying filter, the liquid supply electromagnetic valve, the liquid viewing mirror and the electronic expansion valve, the liquid refrigerant is decompressed into a low-pressure liquid state in the electronic expansion valve and then enters the refrigerant unit of the fin type heat exchanger through the second one-way valve to absorb heat and evaporate into a gas state, the gas refrigerant enters the gas-liquid separator through the four-way reversing valve, and the gas refrigerant at the outlet of the gas; in a refrigeration mode, gaseous refrigerant enters a refrigerant unit of the fin type heat exchanger through the four-way reversing valve to release heat and condense into liquid, liquid refrigerant enters a liquid receiver through the fourth one-way valve, the liquid refrigerant is discharged through the liquid receiver and then sequentially passes through a drying filter, a liquid supply electromagnetic valve, a liquid viewing mirror and an electronic expansion valve, the liquid refrigerant is decompressed in the electronic expansion valve to be changed into low-pressure liquid, then enters the plate type heat exchanger through the first one-way valve to absorb heat and evaporate into gaseous refrigerant, the gaseous refrigerant enters a gas-liquid separator through the four-way reversing valve, and the gaseous refrigerant at the outlet of the gas-liquid separator is sucked by the compressor;

the water circulation process is as follows: water in the air-conditioning water tank is pumped into the plate heat exchanger through an air-conditioning circulating water pump, and the heat of condensation of the gaseous refrigerant at the refrigerant circulating side is absorbed in the heating mode, so that heat is supplied to a user; in a refrigeration mode, water in the air-conditioning water tank is cooled by a refrigerant on the refrigerant circulation side through the plate heat exchanger, so that refrigeration is performed for a user;

the auxiliary heat dissipation circulation process is as follows: in winter, the antifreeze fluid absorbs heat in the waste heat water tank through the combustion heat exchanger, then enters the auxiliary evaporation unit of the fin type heat exchanger through the second electromagnetic valve to serve as an auxiliary heat source of refrigerant circulation, and then returns to the heat dissipation heat exchanger through the first electromagnetic valve and the third circulating water pump in sequence to perform the next circulation; in summer, the antifreeze fluid absorbs heat in the waste heat water tank through the combustion heat exchanger, then enters the heat dissipation unit of the fin type heat exchanger through the third electromagnetic valve, releases redundant heat of the waste heat recovery system into air, and then returns to the heat dissipation heat exchanger through the first electromagnetic valve and the third circulating water pump in sequence to carry out the next circulation;

the waste heat recovery system comprises a cooling liquid circulating pump, a waste heat recovery heat exchanger, a first circulating water pump, a waste heat water tank and a second circulating water pump; the cooling liquid circulating pump is connected with the fuel cell and the waste heat recovery heat exchanger, the waste heat water tank is connected with the waste heat recovery heat exchanger through the first circulating water pump, the cooling liquid firstly recovers waste heat of the fuel cell, the waste heat of the fuel cell is stored in the waste heat water tank through the waste heat recovery heat exchanger, and water in the waste heat water tank can be used as life hot water of a building.

Technical Field

The invention relates to an operation method of a building distributed energy supply system, in particular to a building distributed energy supply system based on a hydrogen fuel cell and an operation method.

Background

The centralized development and utilization of energy are always the main modes of energy supply in China, and the traditional centralized energy supply system adopts large-capacity equipment and centralized production and then delivers various energies to a plurality of users in a larger range through special delivery facilities. However, with the improvement of the energy structure optimization and the clean goal in China, the centralized energy supply system cannot meet the requirements in the aspects of transmission loss, utilization efficiency, environmental pollution and the like. The distributed energy supply system is used as an open energy system, shows a multifunctional trend, improves the energy utilization rate, reduces the energy transmission cost and the environmental pollution, and can simultaneously meet various energy requirements of users.

Hydrogen fuel cells are used in new green energy systems because of their high efficiency, cleanliness, reliability, and operability. The hydrogen fuel cell building distributed energy supply system utilizes the hydrogen fuel cell technology to generate discharge reaction, simultaneously realizes the utilization of reaction waste heat, and provides combined supply service of heat and power. The hydrogen fuel cell generates electricity to provide domestic electricity to a user and drives a compressor of an air source heat pump system. The air source heat pump operates in summer to generate chilled water to refrigerate users, and the heating operation in winter generates hot water to heat users. Meanwhile, the waste heat of the hydrogen fuel cell is recycled, so that domestic hot water can be provided for users all year round. In addition, when the temperature is lower in winter, the waste heat of the hydrogen fuel cell can be used as an auxiliary heat source of an outdoor heat exchanger of the heat pump system. A building distributed energy supply system based on a hydrogen fuel cell is established, the energy control capability is improved, a diversified supply system is formed, and the development trend of a future energy system is shown.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a building distributed energy supply system based on a hydrogen fuel cell and an operation method thereof, which can fully utilize the electric energy and the heat energy of the hydrogen fuel cell and flexibly provide refrigeration, heating, power supply and domestic hot water for users.

The building distributed energy supply system of the hydrogen fuel cell and the operation method thereof comprise a hydrogen fuel cell system, an air source heat pump system and a waste heat recovery system;

the hydrogen fuel cell system comprises a hydrogen supply pipeline, an air supply pipeline, a fuel cell, a storage battery and a direct current-alternating current converter; the hydrogen supply pipeline comprises a hydrogen storage tank, a pressure reducing valve, a manual stop valve, an explosion-proof electromagnetic valve and a hydrogen circulating pump; the air supply pipeline comprises an air filter, an air compressor, an intercooler and an air stop valve; the hydrogen supply pipeline and the air supply pipeline are both connected with the fuel cell, the hydrogen and the oxygen in the air react in the fuel cell to generate direct current, the reacted hydrogen is sent into the hydrogen supply pipeline again through the hydrogen circulating pump, and the reacted air exhaust gas is discharged into the air through the air stop valve; the storage battery stores direct current, and the direct current-alternating current converter converts the direct current into alternating current for electricity utilization of buildings and driving of a compressor of the air source heat pump system;

the air source heat pump system comprises a refrigerant cycle, a water cycle and an auxiliary heat dissipation cycle;

the refrigerant cycle process is as follows: in the heating mode, the compressor compresses the refrigerant into a gas state, the compressed gas refrigerant enters the oil separator and is separated from lubricating oil in the refrigerant, the lubricating oil returns to the compressor through the oil return pipe, the gas refrigerant enters the plate heat exchanger through the four-way reversing valve to release heat and condense into a liquid state, the liquid refrigerant enters the liquid reservoir through the third one-way valve, the liquid refrigerant is discharged through the liquid reservoir and sequentially passes through the drying filter, the liquid supply electromagnetic valve, the liquid viewing mirror and the electronic expansion valve, the liquid refrigerant is decompressed into a low-pressure liquid state in the electronic expansion valve and then enters the refrigerant unit of the fin type heat exchanger through the second one-way valve to absorb heat and evaporate into a gas state, the gas refrigerant enters the gas-liquid separator through the four-way reversing valve, and the gas refrigerant at the outlet of the; in a refrigeration mode, a compressor compresses a refrigerant into a gas state, the compressed gas refrigerant enters an oil separator and is separated from lubricating oil in the refrigerant, the lubricating oil returns to the compressor through an oil return pipe, the gas refrigerant enters a refrigerant unit of a fin type heat exchanger through a four-way reversing valve to release heat and condense into a liquid state, a liquid refrigerant enters a liquid reservoir through a fourth one-way valve, the liquid refrigerant is discharged through the liquid reservoir and sequentially passes through a drying filter, a liquid supply electromagnetic valve, a liquid viewing mirror and an electronic expansion valve, the liquid refrigerant is decompressed into a low-pressure liquid state in the electronic expansion valve and then enters a plate type heat exchanger through a first one-way valve to absorb heat and evaporate into a gas state, the gas refrigerant enters a gas-liquid separator through the four-way reversing valve, and the gas refrigerant at the;

the water circulation process is as follows: water in the air-conditioning water tank is pumped into the plate heat exchanger through an air-conditioning circulating water pump, and the heat condensed by the gaseous refrigerant at the refrigerant circulating side is absorbed in the heating mode to supply heat for users; in a refrigeration mode, water in the air-conditioning water tank is cooled by a refrigerant on the refrigerant circulation side through the plate heat exchanger, so as to refrigerate a user;

the auxiliary heat dissipation circulation process is as follows: the antifreeze absorbs the waste heat in the waste heat water tank and enters an auxiliary evaporation unit of the fin type heat exchanger through a second electromagnetic valve; in winter, the refrigerant is used as an auxiliary heat source for refrigerant circulation, and then sequentially enters the heat dissipation heat exchanger through the first electromagnetic valve and the third circulating water pump to perform the next circulation; in summer, the antifreeze absorbs the waste heat in the waste heat water tank, enters the heat dissipation unit of the fin type heat exchanger through the third electromagnetic valve, releases the redundant heat of the waste heat recovery system into the air, and then enters the heat dissipation heat exchanger through the first electromagnetic valve and the third circulating water pump in sequence to carry out the next circulation;

the waste heat recovery system comprises a cooling liquid circulating pump, a waste heat recovery heat exchanger, a first circulating water pump, a waste heat water tank and a second circulating water pump; the cooling liquid circulating pump is connected with the fuel cell and the waste heat recovery heat exchanger, the waste heat water tank is connected with the waste heat recovery heat exchanger through the first circulating water pump, waste heat of the fuel cell is collected into the waste heat water tank, and water in the waste heat water tank is used for domestic hot water when the system runs all the year round.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:

(1) the building distributed energy supply system based on the hydrogen fuel cell and the operation method thereof realize an energy supply mode integrating refrigeration, heating, power supply and domestic hot water, and improve the energy utilization efficiency;

(2) the building distributed energy supply system based on the hydrogen fuel cell and the operation method thereof provided by the invention aim at the problem of unreasonable utilization of the waste heat of the fuel cell, a waste heat recovery system is designed, and the waste heat of the hydrogen fuel cell can be recovered to provide domestic hot water for users all year round. In addition, when the temperature is lower in winter, the waste heat of the fuel cell can be used as an auxiliary heat source of the outdoor heat exchanger of the heat pump system.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a building distributed energy supply system of a hydrogen fuel cell of the invention.

Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a heating mode of the building distributed energy supply system of the hydrogen fuel cell of the invention.

Fig. 3 is a flow chart of the cooling mode of the building distributed energy supply system of the hydrogen fuel cell of the invention.

In the figure, the direction of the arrows indicates the flow direction of the fluid in the pipeline. Reference numerals: a hydrogen fuel cell system, an air source heat pump system, a waste heat recovery system, a fuel cell 1, a storage battery 2, a direct current-alternating current converter 3, a hydrogen storage tank 4, a pressure reducing valve 5, a manual stop valve 6, an explosion-proof electromagnetic valve 7, a hydrogen circulating pump 8, an air filter 9, an air compressor 10, an intercooler 11, an air stop valve 12, an electric network 13, a cooling liquid circulating pump 14, a waste heat recovery heat exchanger 15, a first circulating water pump 16, a waste heat water tank 17, a second circulating water pump 18, a heat dissipation heat exchanger 19, a third circulating water pump 20, a first electromagnetic valve 21, an air conditioning water tank 22, an air conditioning circulating water pump 23, 24-compressor, 25-shock tube I, 26-oil separator, 27-four-way reversing valve, 28-plate heat exchanger, 29-first one-way valve, 30-second one-way valve, 31-third one-way valve, 32-fourth one-way valve, 33-liquid reservoir, 34-drying filter, 35-liquid supply solenoid valve, 36-liquid viewing mirror, 37-electronic expansion valve, 38-fin heat exchanger, 39-second solenoid valve, 40-third solenoid valve, 41-gas-liquid separator and 42-shock tube II.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description is to be read with reference to the drawings and the accompanying detailed description.

Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a building distributed energy supply system based on hydrogen fuel cells and an operation method thereof, including a hydrogen fuel cell system (first), an air source heat pump system (second) and a waste heat recovery system (third).

The hydrogen fuel cell system (1) comprises a hydrogen supply pipeline, an air supply pipeline, a fuel cell (1), a storage battery (2) and a direct current-alternating current converter (3); the hydrogen supply line, the air supply line, and the storage battery 2 are connected to the fuel cell 1.

The hydrogen supply pipeline supplies hydrogen, and comprises a hydrogen storage tank 4, a pressure reducing valve 5, a manual stop valve 6, an explosion-proof electromagnetic valve 7 and a hydrogen circulating pump 8; the hydrogen comes out from hydrogen storage tank 4, passes through relief pressure valve 5, manual stop valve 6 in proper order, and explosion-proof solenoid valve 7 gets into fuel cell 1, and fuel cell 1's hydrogen exit linkage hydrogen circulating pump 8, hydrogen circulating pump 8 pump the hydrogen that does not participate in the reaction into fuel cell 1 again.

The air supply pipeline supplies air, and comprises an air filter 9, an air compressor 10, an intercooler 11 and an air stop valve 12; air enters an air compressor 10 after being processed by an air filter 9, the air compressor 10 compresses the air and then enters an intercooler 11 for cooling, the air enters a fuel cell 1 after being cooled by the intercooler 11, an air outlet of the fuel cell 1 is connected with an air stop valve 12, and the air after reaction is exhausted and discharged into the air.

The hydrogen and the oxygen in the air react in the fuel cell 1 to generate direct current, the generated electric energy is supplied to the storage battery 2, the direct current in the storage battery 2 is converted into alternating current through the direct current-alternating current converter 3, and the converted electric energy is used for driving the compressor 24 on one hand and supplying power 13 to the building on the other hand.

The air source heat pump system comprises a refrigerant cycle, a water cycle and an auxiliary heat dissipation cycle;

the refrigerant cycle is specifically that the compressor 24 is driven to do work by the electric energy generated by the fuel cell 1, the compressor 24 compresses the sucked low-temperature low-pressure gaseous refrigerant into high-temperature high-pressure gaseous state, and then the gaseous state is sent to the oil separator 26, the oil separator 26 separates out the lubricating oil mixed in the refrigerant and sends the lubricating oil back to the compressor 24 through an oil return pipe, and the refrigerant is discharged from an outlet of the oil separator 26; in the heating mode, the gaseous refrigerant discharged from the outlet of the oil separator 26 enters the plate heat exchanger 28 through the D-C pipeline of the four-way reversing valve 27, the heat carried by the refrigerant in the plate heat exchanger 28 is transferred to cooling water, the refrigerant is condensed into a high-pressure liquid state, the liquid refrigerant enters the liquid reservoir 33 through the third one-way valve 31, and after being discharged from the outlet of the liquid reservoir 33, the liquid refrigerant sequentially passes through the drying filter 34, the liquid supply solenoid valve 35, the liquid sight glass 36 and the electronic expansion valve 37, the refrigerant is throttled and depressurized in the electronic expansion valve 37, the high-pressure liquid state is changed into a low-temperature low-pressure liquid state, and then the low-temperature low-pressure liquid state enters the refrigerant unit 38(b) of the fin type heat exchanger 38 through the second one-way valve 30 (wherein 38(b) comprises two parts 38(b1) and 38(b2), and, the low-temperature and low-pressure gaseous refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant unit 38(b) of the fin heat exchanger 38 then flows through the E-S line of the four-way selector valve 27 into the gas-liquid separator 41, flows out of the gas-liquid separator 41, enters the suction port of the compressor 24, and then enters the next heating cycle, and the cycle is repeated. In a refrigeration mode, gaseous refrigerant discharged from an outlet of the oil separator 26 enters a refrigerant unit 38(b) of the fin-type heat exchanger 38 through a D-E pipeline of the four-way reversing valve 27, heat carried by the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant in the refrigerant unit 38(b) is transferred to air and then condensed into high-pressure liquid refrigerant, the liquid refrigerant enters a liquid reservoir 33 through a fourth one-way valve 32, the liquid refrigerant is discharged from an outlet of the liquid reservoir 33 and then sequentially flows through a drying filter 34, a liquid supply electromagnetic valve 35, a liquid viewing mirror 36 and an electronic expansion valve 37, the refrigerant is throttled and decompressed in the electronic expansion valve 37, the high-pressure liquid state is changed into low-temperature and low-pressure liquid state, then the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid state enters the plate heat exchanger 28 through a first one-way valve 29, the refrigerant absorbs the heat of water in the air conditioning water tank 22 through the plate heat exchanger 28 and is gasified into low, and then is again drawn by the compressor 24 into the next refrigeration cycle, and so on.

In the water circulation, specifically, water in the air-conditioning water tank 22 is sent into the plate heat exchanger 28 through the air-conditioning circulating water pump 23, and the heat condensed by the gaseous refrigerant at the refrigerant circulating side is absorbed in the heating mode to supply heat for users; in the cooling mode, the water in the air-conditioning water tank 22 is cooled by the refrigerant on the refrigerant circulation side through the plate heat exchanger 28, and is cooled for the user.

In the auxiliary heat dissipation cycle, specifically, during operation in summer, the antifreeze enters the heat dissipation heat exchanger 19 to carry away excess heat in the waste heat water tank 17, and enters the heat dissipation units 38(c1) and 38(c2) of the fin heat exchanger 38 through the third electromagnetic valve 40 to release the heat to the air. When the temperature is low in winter, the antifreeze enters the heat dissipation heat exchanger 19 to carry away the heat in the waste heat water tank 17, and enters the auxiliary evaporation units 38(a1) and 38(a2) of the fin type heat exchanger 38 through the second electromagnetic valve 39 to serve as an auxiliary heat source for refrigerant circulation.

Waste heat recovery system (C) includes waste heat recovery heat exchanger 15, coolant liquid circulating pump 14, first circulating water pump 16, waste heat water tank 17, second circulating water pump 18, the coolant liquid passes through coolant liquid circulating pump 14 and circulates constantly, take away the produced heat of fuel cell 1, in order to reach the purpose for fuel cell 1 cooling, in the coolant liquid that carries the heat enters into waste heat recovery heat exchanger 15, water in waste heat water tank 17 enters into waste heat recovery heat exchanger 15 under first circulating water pump 16's effect and takes away the heat of coolant liquid, the temperature in waste heat water tank 17 can rise in order to reach the purpose of supplying life hot water for the user.

The building distributed energy supply system of the hydrogen fuel cell and the operation method thereof can be used for supplying power, heating, cooling and domestic hot water.

Referring to fig. 2, the building distributed energy supply system based on hydrogen fuel cells and the operation method thereof according to the present invention can satisfy the heat, electricity and domestic hot water requirements of the winter building in the heating mode. In this mode, the heat carried by the refrigerant in the plate heat exchanger 28 is used to heat the return water of the building air conditioning system, and the water temperature is raised and then delivered to the tail end of the building air conditioner for heating. When the outside air temperature is low, the ability of the finned heat exchanger 38 to extract heat from the environment is diminished, and insufficient heat supply may occur. At this time, the antifreeze fluid absorbs the heat of the waste heat tank 17 through the heat-radiating heat exchanger 19, and enters the auxiliary evaporation units 38(a1) and 38(a2) of the fin heat exchanger 38 through the third circulating water pump 20 and the first electromagnetic valve 21, as an auxiliary heat source for the refrigerant circulation.

Referring to fig. 3, the building distributed energy supply system and the operation method thereof based on the hydrogen fuel cell of the present invention can satisfy the cold, electricity and domestic hot water requirements of the building in summer in the cooling mode. In this mode, the chilled return water from the building air conditioning system is cooled in the plate heat exchanger 28 and returned to the end of the building air conditioning system again to provide cooling for the building. When the heat stored in the waste heat water tank 17 is higher than the heat demand of the domestic hot water of the building, the antifreeze fluid absorbs the heat of the waste heat water tank 17 through the heat dissipation heat exchanger 19, enters the heat dissipation units 38(c1) and 38(c2) of the fin heat exchanger 38 through the third circulating water pump 20 and the first electromagnetic valve 21, and releases the redundant heat to the external environment.

The invention and its embodiments have been described above schematically, without this being limitative. The embodiment shown in the drawings is only one embodiment of the present invention, and the actual configuration is not limited thereto. Therefore, if the person skilled in the art should be informed by the teachings of the present invention, the component shapes and the connection modes are not designed creatively, and the structural modes and the embodiments similar to the technical scheme are all within the protection scope of the present invention.