阅读说明：本技术 一种基于菱形结构可调节泊松比和热膨胀系数的超材料 (Metamaterial capable of adjusting Poisson's ratio and thermal expansion coefficient based on diamond structure ) 是由 富明慧 黄靖翔 李纬华 于 2021-02-02 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种基于菱形结构可调节泊松比和热膨胀系数的超材料,所述结构包括若干个横向、纵向排列的菱形；其中,相邻的菱形之间的对角线相互垂直,由相邻间的菱形围成有正方形；构成所述菱形的四边为第一直杆。菱形对角线为另一种直杆。本发明的有益效果在于,所形成的结构同时实现负热膨胀和负泊松比,因此,这种结构将可以在航空航天等众多工程领域具有极其光明的应用前景。(The invention discloses a metamaterial capable of adjusting Poisson's ratio and thermal expansion coefficient based on a diamond structure, wherein the structure comprises a plurality of diamonds arranged transversely and longitudinally; diagonal lines between adjacent rhombuses are mutually vertical, and a square is formed by the adjacent rhombuses in a surrounding manner; the four sides forming the rhombus are first straight rods. The diagonal line of the diamond is another straight rod. The negative thermal expansion structure has the beneficial effects that the formed structure simultaneously realizes negative thermal expansion and negative Poisson's ratio, so the structure can have extremely bright application prospect in numerous engineering fields such as aerospace and the like.)

1. A metamaterial capable of adjusting Poisson's ratio and thermal expansion coefficient based on a diamond-shaped microstructure is characterized in that the structure comprises a plurality of diamonds arranged transversely and longitudinally; diagonal lines between adjacent rhombuses are mutually vertical, and a square is formed by the adjacent rhombuses in a surrounding manner; the four sides forming the rhombus are first straight rods.

2. The metamaterial capable of adjusting Poisson's ratio and coefficient of thermal expansion based on a diamond-shaped structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein a second straight rod is added to one diagonal line of the diamond.

3. The metamaterial with adjustable Poisson's ratio and coefficient of thermal expansion based on diamond-shaped structures as claimed in claim 1, wherein a third straight rod is added to the diagonal of the square.

4. The diamond structure-based metamaterial capable of adjusting Poisson's ratio and coefficient of thermal expansion according to claim 1, wherein the first straight rod is selected from a first material.

5. The metamaterial according to claim 2, wherein the second straight rod is made of a second material.

6. The metamaterial according to claim 3, wherein the adjustable poisson's ratio and the coefficient of thermal expansion based on a diamond structure are selected as the third material.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of metamaterials, in particular to a metamaterial capable of adjusting Poisson's ratio and thermal expansion coefficient based on a diamond structure.

Background

Metamaterials refer to materials that do not exist in nature, man-made, that are not materials in the usual sense, with unusual material properties resulting from their microscopic geometry rather than their material composition. The mechanical metamaterial is a metamaterial with unique mechanical properties based on the structure, such as a negative Poisson's ratio material, a negative thermal expansion material, a negative stiffness material and the like, and has very important functions in engineering application.

Negative poisson's ratio materials (also known as auxetic materials) refer to a class of materials that expand (or contract) laterally when stretched (or compressed) in the axial direction, and their unique properties determine their advantages in many mechanical properties over traditional materials. In the engineering field, the negative poisson's ratio material also has great application value in the aspects of sound absorption performance, shock resistance performance and the like. After Lakes introduced a class of negative poisson's ratio foams in the 80's last century, research on negative poisson's ratio has slowly progressed. The 2d negative Poisson ratio structure at present mainly comprises two types, namely an inner concave structure and a rotating mechanism structure, wherein the inner concave structure is of two inner concave honeycomb structures proposed by Fu and the like, the equivalent Young modulus, Poisson ratio and strength of the inner concave structure are deduced, a star-shaped structure proposed by Raminhos and the like is adopted, experimental verification is carried out, and a plurality of star-shaped structures with reinforcing rods proposed by Ai and the like are adopted, and finite element verification is given; the structure of the rotating mechanism comprises a chiral structure and a rigid rotating structure, the chiral structure such as Alderson and the like researches three-chiral, four-chiral and six-chiral honeycombs, and discusses geometric parameters influencing the equivalent Young modulus and Poisson ratio of the honeycombs. Rigid rotating structures such as sodium zeolite and the like. Recently, a plurality of scholars propose a 3d negative poisson ratio structure and derive equivalent parameters, such as Chen and Fu design a 3d auxetic material with enhanced rigidity and derive an analytic formula of equivalent Young modulus and poisson ratio. However, it should be noted that the negative poisson's ratio material also has problems such as insufficient strength, and further improvement is required.

Negative thermal expansion material refers to a material having a negative coefficient of thermal expansion, which manifests itself as thermal shrinkage and cold expansion. In many engineering fields, such as aerospace, precision instruments and the like, thermal stress or thermal expansion caused by environmental temperature change is always an important factor influencing the structural safety or the instrument precision, so that the material with the thermal expansion coefficient of 0 or close to 0 has extremely high application value. Two very common methods for designing the material are provided, firstly, two positive thermal expansion materials with different thermal expansion coefficients are matched for use, and zero thermal expansion is realized through the design of a microstructure; secondly, the positive thermal expansion material and the negative thermal expansion material are mixed according to a proper proportion. As for the second method, although some natural negative thermal expansion materials such as some zeolites exist in nature, since they are extremely rare and can mostly achieve negative thermal expansion only in an extremely narrow temperature range, artificial design of the negative thermal expansion material becomes an important issue. Currently, negative thermal expansion materials are mainly compounded by two or more positive thermal expansion materials, and can be mainly classified into two main types, namely bending dominant type and stretching dominant type, according to the deformation mechanism of material crystal lattices when being heated. The first type mainly relies on double-material straight beams or curved beams to realize negative thermal expansion through thermal expansion bending, such as chiral, anti-chiral, concave structures and other structures formed by two single-material beams, such as concave hexagons with reinforcing rods and the like proposed by Zheng et al; the second category relies mainly on axial deformation of the rods to achieve negative thermal expansion, such as some planar structures based on bi-material triangular design, spatial structures based on bi-material tetrahedron, and so on.

At present, some scholars have designed structures capable of simultaneously realizing the two properties, for example, Fu et al have designed a structure capable of simultaneously realizing negative thermal expansion in three directions and in-plane negative poisson ratio by connecting inclined rods between chiral layers, Wei et al have designed a structure capable of simultaneously adjusting the thermal expansion coefficient and poisson ratio based on a bi-material triangle, and can simultaneously realize negative thermal expansion and negative poisson ratio, and the like. The material with two characteristics can simultaneously play two advantages and has great engineering application value, but the number of the structure is still limited, and more new structures are urgently needed to be explored. Therefore, it is necessary to study a structure that can simultaneously realize a negative poisson's ratio and a negative thermal expansion.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a metamaterial capable of adjusting the Poisson's ratio and the thermal expansion coefficient based on a diamond structure, and particularly provides a structure capable of adjusting the thermal expansion coefficient and the Poisson's ratio simultaneously by the aid of a diamond-square alternating structure and straight rods made of second materials and third materials added on diagonals of a diamond and a square.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a metamaterial capable of adjusting Poisson's ratio and thermal expansion coefficient based on a diamond structure, wherein the structure comprises a plurality of diamonds arranged transversely and longitudinally; the axes of adjacent rhombuses are vertical to each other, and a square is formed by the adjacent rhombuses in a surrounding manner; the four sides forming the rhombus are first straight rods.

It should be noted that a second straight bar is added to one diagonal line located in the diamond shape.

It should be noted that, a third straight rod is added to the diagonal lines in the square.

Preferably, the first straight rod is made of a first material, the second straight rod is made of a second material, the third straight rod is made of a third material, and the 3 materials are different.

The negative thermal expansion structure has the beneficial effects that the formed structure simultaneously realizes negative thermal expansion and negative Poisson's ratio, so the structure can have extremely bright application prospect in numerous engineering fields such as aerospace and the like.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a structural model of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic reference diagram of one of the elements of the present invention taken as representative in terms of symmetry;

FIG. 3 is a graph of the angle at which negative thermal expansion is achieved for selected materials of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a graph of the angle at which a selected material of the present invention achieves a negative Poisson's ratio.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be noted that the present embodiment is based on the technical solution, and the detailed implementation and the specific operation process are provided, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the present embodiment.

The invention relates to a metamaterial capable of adjusting Poisson's ratio and thermal expansion coefficient based on a diamond structure, wherein the structure comprises a plurality of diamonds arranged transversely and longitudinally; the axes of adjacent rhombuses are vertical to each other, and a square is formed by the adjacent rhombuses in a surrounding manner; the four sides forming the rhombus are first straight rods.

It should be noted that a second straight bar is added to one diagonal line located in the diamond shape.

It should be noted that, a third straight rod is added to the diagonal lines in the square.

Preferably, the first straight rod is made of a first material, the second straight rod is made of a second material, the third straight rod is made of a third material, and the 3 materials are different.

Examples

Fig. 1a is a schematic diagram of the rhombus basic structure of the present invention, wherein the dotted lines indicate the connection manner. The dashed lines are first replaced with straight rods of the first material, as shown in fig. 1b, followed by the addition of straight rods of the second and third materials in the long diagonal of the diamond and the diagonal of the square, as shown in fig. 1c, where red, blue and black represent materials No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3, respectively. By properly selecting the parameters of the material such as the thermal expansion coefficient, the Poisson ratio, the Young modulus and the like and adjusting the geometric parameters of the structure, the regulation and control of the thermal expansion coefficient and the negative Poisson of the whole structure can be realized, and the negative thermal expansion and the negative Poisson ratio can be realized at the same time.

Fig. 2 is a schematic reference diagram of the present invention, taking one representative cell in symmetry. Wherein the half of the smaller interior angle of the diamond is theta₁The half length of the long diagonal of the rhombus is a, and the half length of the short diagonal is b.

As shown in fig. 3, the materials are selected as follows: when the diamond diagonal bar is AlSi10Mg (coefficient of thermal expansion 20.9 ppm/DEG C, Young modulus 71Gpa and Poisson ratio 0.33), and the rest material is a manufacturing Steel (coefficient of thermal expansion 10 ppm/DEG C, Young modulus 206Gpa and Poisson ratio 0.3), the equivalent coefficient of thermal expansion of the invented structure is dependent on theta₁And (3) a graph of the change, wherein the curve represents the analytical solution and the dots represent the results of the finite element simulation. It can be seen that the two are well matched and the left side of the intersection point of the black vertical dotted line and the transverse axis is an angle capable of realizing negative thermal expansion.

As shown in fig. 4, the figure is when the materials are selected as follows: the diamond diagonal rods are AlSi10Mg (coefficient of thermal expansion 20.9 ppm/DEG C, Young modulus 71Gpa, Poisson ratio 0.33), and the rest areWhen the material is a manufacturing Steel (the coefficient of thermal expansion is 10 ppm/DEG C, the Young modulus is 206Gpa, and the Poisson ratio is 0.3), the equivalent Poisson ratio of the invented structure is dependent on theta₁And (3) a graph of the change, wherein the curve represents the analytical solution and the dots represent the results of the finite element simulation. It can be seen that the two are well matched and that the left side of the intersection point of the black vertical dotted line and the horizontal axis is an angle capable of realizing the negative poisson's ratio.

In addition, it can be seen that when the materials are selected, negative thermal expansion and negative poisson's ratio can be simultaneously realized by properly selecting angles, and finite element simulation and analytic solution are good.