阅读说明：本技术 一种全介质集成平面化超宽带低剖面宽角扫描相控阵天线 (All-dielectric integrated planar ultra-wideband low-profile wide-angle scanning phased array antenna ) 是由 屈世伟 周吻亮 夏明耀 杨仕文 于 2020-12-02 设计创作，主要内容包括：该发明公开了一种全介质集成平面化超宽带低剖面宽角扫描相控阵天线,属于雷达技术,天线工程技术领域。本发明包括最下层金属地板,四层天线介质基板,连接天线介质基板的三层半固化片以及两层起到宽角阻抗匹配的介质基板,额外的通过加载耦合贴片结构及短路探针,消除了天线带内的共模谐振,实现了天线在超宽带下的大角度扫描性能,并且由于是平面结构的多层PCB可模块化制作的天线,拥有加工方便、结构简单、易于组装、易于集成共形与机械强度高等优点。并且无需设计复杂的馈电网络。(The invention discloses an all-dielectric integrated planar ultra-wideband low-profile wide-angle scanning phased array antenna, and belongs to the technical field of radar technology and antenna engineering. The antenna comprises a metal floor at the lowest layer, four layers of antenna medium substrates, three layers of prepregs connected with the antenna medium substrates, two layers of medium substrates playing wide-angle impedance matching, a coupling patch structure and a short-circuit probe are additionally loaded, common mode resonance in an antenna band is eliminated, the wide-angle scanning performance of the antenna under an ultra wide band is realized, and the antenna is manufactured in a multi-layer PCB modularization mode and has the advantages of convenience in processing, simple structure, easiness in assembly, easiness in integration, conformality, high mechanical strength and the like. And no complex feed network needs to be designed.)

1. The utility model provides a low wide-angle scanning phased array antenna of section of full medium integrated planarization ultra wide band, this phased array antenna comprises the basic unit of array arrangement, and each basic unit comprises following structure: a metal floor 107 located at the lowermost layer, wherein a fourth antenna dielectric substrate 106, a third antenna dielectric substrate 105, a second antenna dielectric substrate 104, a first antenna dielectric substrate 103, a second wide-angle impedance matching dielectric substrate 102 and a first wide-angle impedance matching dielectric substrate 101 are sequentially stacked on the metal floor 107, and the fourth antenna dielectric substrate 106, the third antenna dielectric substrate 105, the second antenna dielectric substrate 104 and the first antenna dielectric substrate 103 are connected with each other by prepregs; the upper surface of the first antenna dielectric substrate 103 is provided with two dipole arms which are respectively a first dipole arm and a second dipole arm, and the lower surface of the first antenna dielectric substrate 103 is provided with two rectangular coupling patches; the first dipole arm and the second dipole arm are isosceles trapezoid patches, the top edges and the heights of the first dipole arm and the second dipole arm are equal, but the bottom edge of the first dipole arm is longer than that of the second dipole arm; the two rectangular coupling patches are respectively and correspondingly positioned below the bottom edges of the first dipole arm and the second dipole arm, and the edges of the two rectangular coupling patches are flush with the edge of the first antenna dielectric substrate 103; the top of the first dipole arm is connected with the metal floor 107 through a metal column, and the rectangular coupling patch located below the first dipole arm correspondingly is connected with the metal floor 107 through a metalized through hole; a feed coaxial connector 112 is fixed in the metal floor, and the inner core of the feed coaxial connector 112 passes through the fourth antenna dielectric substrate to be connected with the top of the second dipole arm; an air gap is arranged between the second wide-angle impedance matching dielectric substrate 102 and the first antenna dielectric substrate 103, and the air gap is filled with foam;

adjacent rectangular patches of adjacent base units in the phased array antenna are connected into an integral patch.

2. The all-dielectric integrated planarized ultra wideband low profile wide angle scanning phased array antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein said metal floor 107 is 2mm thick; the thicknesses of the first antenna dielectric substrate 1 to the fourth antenna dielectric substrate 1 are 0.5mm, 2mm and 2mm in sequence, and the relative dielectric constants are 2.2; the thickness of the prepreg is 0.101mm, and the relative dielectric constant is 3.52; the first wide-angle impedance matching dielectric substrate is 1mm thick and has a relative dielectric constant of 2.2, and the second wide-angle impedance matching dielectric substrate is 3mm thick and has a relative dielectric constant of 3.0; an air gap of 1mm is arranged between the second wide-angle impedance matching dielectric substrate 102 and the first antenna dielectric substrate 103.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of radar technology and antenna engineering, particularly relates to an all-dielectric integrated planar ultra-wideband low-profile wide-angle scanning phased array antenna, and particularly relates to low-profile, ultra-wideband and wide-angle scanning technologies, which are suitable for radars and communication systems such as microwave and millimeter waves.

Background

Phased array antenna technology is widely used in various radar systems, which has the advantage that rapid wide-angle scanning can be performed without moving the antenna; adaptive beamforming; multiple beams; a distributed caliber; low radar cross-section; the overall operating performance changes little with extended operating time. The radar system using the phased array antenna can intelligently scan beams in a large airspace, acquire target information in a set airspace, quickly and flexibly change antenna beams and pointing shapes, has short reaction time and high data rate, can transmit and receive electromagnetic waves of each frequency band in the whole space, and accurately completes tasks such as searching, tracking, capturing, identifying and the like of a plurality of targets.

With the increase of the types of radar observation targets and the rapid development of wireless communication in the last decade, the requirement on the phased array antenna is higher and higher, and the ultra-wideband phased array antenna technology is rapidly developed under the requirement. The ultra-wideband phased array covers a wider working frequency band, and can well meet the working requirements of phased array radars or wireless communication systems with different application frequency bands.

The existing widely used gradient slotted antenna forms and other antennas can cover the ultra-wideband working frequency band, but the cross polarization is poor, the antenna section height is high, and the occupied space is large, so that the integrated and coplanar design is difficult to carry out.

The invention is provided aiming at ultra wide band wide angle scanning and low profile technology of phased array antenna technology.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to: aiming at the key problems, the all-dielectric integrated planar ultra-wideband low-profile wide-angle scanning phased array antenna is provided. The phased array antenna array solves the problems that an existing phased array antenna array is too heavy, high in section, poor in cross polarization performance and difficult to integrate.

The invention adopts an all-dielectric integrated planar ultra-wideband low-profile wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna which structurally comprises a bottommost metal floor, four layers of antenna dielectric substrates, three layers of prepregs for connecting the antenna dielectric substrates and two layers of dielectric substrates for achieving wide-angle impedance matching.

The technical scheme is that the all-dielectric integrated planar ultra-wideband low-profile wide-angle scanning phased array antenna is composed of basic units arranged in an array, and each basic unit is composed of the following structures: a metal floor 107 located at the lowermost layer, wherein a fourth antenna dielectric substrate 106, a third antenna dielectric substrate 105, a second antenna dielectric substrate 104, a first antenna dielectric substrate 103, a second wide-angle impedance matching dielectric substrate 102 and a first wide-angle impedance matching dielectric substrate 101 are sequentially stacked on the metal floor 107, and the fourth antenna dielectric substrate 106, the third antenna dielectric substrate 105, the second antenna dielectric substrate 104 and the first antenna dielectric substrate 103 are connected with each other by prepregs; the upper surface of the first antenna dielectric substrate 103 is provided with two dipole arms which are respectively a first dipole arm and a second dipole arm, and the lower surface of the first antenna dielectric substrate 103 is provided with two rectangular coupling patches; the first dipole arm and the second dipole arm are isosceles trapezoid patches, the top edges and the heights of the first dipole arm and the second dipole arm are equal, but the bottom edge of the first dipole arm is longer than that of the second dipole arm; the two rectangular coupling patches are respectively and correspondingly positioned below the bottom edges of the first dipole arm and the second dipole arm, and the edges of the two rectangular coupling patches are flush with the edge of the first antenna dielectric substrate 103; the top of the first dipole arm is connected with the metal floor 107 through a metal column, and the rectangular coupling patch located below the first dipole arm correspondingly is connected with the metal floor 107 through a metalized through hole; a feed coaxial connector 112 is fixed in the metal floor, and the inner core of the feed coaxial connector 112 passes through the fourth antenna dielectric substrate to be connected with the top of the second dipole arm; an air gap is arranged between the second wide-angle impedance matching dielectric substrate 102 and the first antenna dielectric substrate 103, and the air gap is filled with foam;

adjacent rectangular patches of adjacent base units in the phased array antenna are connected into an integral patch.

Further, the thickness of the metal floor 107 is 2 mm; the thicknesses of the first antenna dielectric substrate 1 to the fourth antenna dielectric substrate 1 are 0.5mm, 2mm and 2mm in sequence, and the relative dielectric constants are 2.2; the thickness of the prepreg is 0.101mm, and the relative dielectric constant is 3.52; the first wide-angle impedance matching dielectric substrate is 1mm thick and has a relative dielectric constant of 2.2, and the second wide-angle impedance matching dielectric substrate is 3mm thick and has a relative dielectric constant of 3.0; an air gap of 1mm is arranged between the second wide-angle impedance matching dielectric substrate 102 and the first antenna dielectric substrate 103.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: by loading the coupling patch structure and the short-circuit probe, common mode resonance in an antenna band is eliminated, the wide-angle scanning performance of the antenna under an ultra wide band is realized, and the antenna which is of a planar structure and can be manufactured in a modularized mode has the advantages of convenience in processing, simple structure, easiness in assembling, easiness in integrating conformality, high mechanical strength and the like. And no complex feed network needs to be designed. By designing the asymmetrical dipole arms 114 and 117, the impedance matching of the antenna is improved, the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is widened, and the input impedance of the antenna under the condition of large-angle scanning is more stable. In addition, two layers of wide-angle impedance matching dielectric substrates 102 and 103 and a 1mm air matching layer between the substrate 102 and the antenna substrate 103 are loaded above the dipole, so that the active standing wave of the antenna during large-angle scanning of the H surface can be greatly improved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a 12 × 12 all-dielectric integrated planarized ultra-wideband low-profile wide-angle scanning phased array antenna described in embodiment 1.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of basic elements of an all-dielectric integrated planarized ultra-wideband low-profile wide-angle scanning phased array antenna described in embodiment 1.

Fig. 3 is a simulation result of the E-plane active voltage standing wave ratio of the basic antenna element described in example 1.

Fig. 4 is a simulation result of the H-plane active voltage standing wave ratio of the basic antenna element described in example 1.

Fig. 5 is the E-plane pattern at 0 °, 60 ° scan angle at the 12 × 12 array 12GHz frequency point of example 1.

Fig. 6 is the H-plane pattern at 0 °, 60 ° scan angle at the 12 × 12 array 12GHz frequency point of example 1.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

The all-dielectric integrated planar ultra-wideband low-profile wide-angle scanning phased array antenna has an array size of 12 x 12. The 12 antenna units are arranged along the x direction, the unit interval is 12mm, the 12 antenna units are arranged along the y direction, and the unit interval is 12 mm. As shown in fig. 1, includes a lowermost metal floor 107. Four layers of antenna dielectric substrates 103, 104, 105, 106. The relative dielectric constant of the four layers of medium is 2.2, and the thicknesses are respectively 0.5mm, 2mm and 2 mm. Dipole arms 114 and 117 are printed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 103, wherein the width of the front end of the dipole arm 114 is 1mm, the width of the tail end is 3mm, and the length is 5.4 mm. The dipole arm 117 has a front width of 1.2mm, a tip width of 4mm, and a length of 5 mm. The lower surface is printed with a rectangular coupling patch 113 having a width of 4.7mm and a length of 12 mm. The coupling patches are connected to a metal ground 107 by means of metallized vias 108. The prepregs 109, 110, 111 connecting the 103, 104, 105, 106 four-layer dielectric substrates have a thickness of 0.101mm and a relative dielectric constant of 3.52. The uppermost layer is covered with two dielectric substrates 101 and 102 with wide-angle impedance matching function, wherein the thickness of 101 is 1mm, and the relative dielectric constant is 2.65. 102 is 3mm in thickness and has a relative dielectric constant of 3.0, and the two dielectric substrates have the function of wide-angle impedance matching, so that the performance of the antenna unit during large-angle scanning is improved. Wherein, an air gap of 1mm is arranged between the medium plates 102 and 103 and is filled by foam. The feed coaxial connector 112 is fixed in a metal floor, and its inner core 116 is connected to the dipole arm 117, and the ground metal post 115 is connected to the dipole arm 114.

When the antenna is operated, a current is conducted to the dipole arm 114 by the coaxial inner core 116, and the other dipole arm 114 forms a current with equal amplitude and opposite direction with the dipole arm 116 through the grounding column 115, so that the dipole can radiate energy to a free space.