阅读说明：本技术 用于确保最大数据速率传输的可解码性的装置和方法 (Apparatus and method for ensuring decodability of maximum data rate transmission ) 是由 基里安·罗斯 谢尔盖·潘泰列夫 德米特里·贝洛夫 阿列克谢·霍里亚耶夫 米哈伊尔·希洛夫 于 2020-09-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本公开提供了用于确保最大数据速率传输的可解码性的装置和方法。一种用于用户设备(UE)的装置,该装置包括：射频(RF)接口；和处理器电路,该处理器电路与RF接口耦合,其中,处理器电路用于：生成第一码块(CB)和第二CB；将第一CB和第二CB两者映射到时域中的同一组符号；以及使得将第一CB和第二CB在所映射的时域中的该组符号上经由RF接口发送到接收方UE。还可以公开并要求保护其他实施例。(The present disclosure provides apparatus and methods for ensuring decodability for maximum data rate transmissions. An apparatus for a User Equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: a Radio Frequency (RF) interface; and a processor circuit coupled to the RF interface, wherein the processor circuit is configured to: generating a first Code Block (CB) and a second CB; mapping both the first CB and the second CB to a same set of symbols in a time domain; and causing the first CB and the second CB to be transmitted to the receiving UE via the RF interface over the set of symbols in the mapped time domain. Other embodiments may be disclosed and claimed.)

1. An apparatus for a User Equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising:

a Radio Frequency (RF) interface; and

a processor circuit coupled with the RF interface,

wherein the processor circuit is to:

generating a first Code Block (CB) and a second CB;

mapping both the first CB and the second CB to a same set of symbols in a time domain; and

causing the first CB and the second CB to be transmitted to a recipient UE via the RF interface over the set of symbols in the mapped time domain.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor circuit is to: mapping the first CB and the second CB to different carrier groups in a frequency domain for the transmission.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor circuit is to: mapping the first CB and the second CB in a spatial domain to a same layer for the sending.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor circuit is to: interleaving bits of the first CB to prevent systematic bits of the bits from being mapped to one or more symbols punctured for Automatic Gain Control (AGC) adaptation.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the one or more symbols comprise a plurality of symbols.

6. The apparatus of any of claims 1-5, wherein the processor circuit is to: causing the first CB and the second CB to be transmitted over a physical side link shared channel (PSSCH).

7. An apparatus for a User Equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising:

a Radio Frequency (RF) interface; and

a processor circuit coupled with the RF interface,

wherein the processor circuit is to:

generating a Code Block (CB), the CB including a plurality of bits;

padding a first set of one or more symbols in a time domain with a first portion of the plurality of bits, wherein the first set of one or more symbols is not punctured for Automatic Gain Control (AGC) adaptation;

padding a second set of one or more symbols in the time domain with a second portion of the plurality of bits, wherein the second set of one or more symbols is punctured for the AGC adaptation; and

cause the first portion of the plurality of bits and the second portion of the plurality of bits to be transmitted over the RF interface to a recipient UE over the respective first set of one or more symbols and the second set of one or more symbols.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the first portion of the plurality of bits is the same as the second portion of the plurality of bits.

9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the first portion of the plurality of bits is different from the second portion of the plurality of bits.

10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the second portion of the plurality of bits is indicated by a Redundancy Version (RV) different from a RV of the first portion of the plurality of bits.

11. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the processor circuit is to: activating padding of the second set of one or more symbols with the second portion of the plurality of bits based on a resource pool configuration or Sidelink Control Information (SCI).

12. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the first set of one or more symbols comprises a plurality of symbols and/or the second set of one or more symbols comprises a plurality of symbols.

13. The apparatus of any of claims 7 to 12, wherein the processor circuit is to: causing the first portion of the plurality of bits and the second portion of the plurality of bits to be transmitted over a physical side link shared channel (PSSCH).

14. An apparatus for a User Equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising:

a Radio Frequency (RF) interface; and

a processor circuit coupled with the RF interface,

wherein the processor circuit is to:

generating a Transport Block (TB) comprising a plurality of Code Blocks (CBs);

mapping a first CB of the plurality of CBs to symbols in a time domain, wherein the symbols are punctured for Automatic Gain Control (AGC) adaptation;

cause the TB with the first CB in the symbol to be sent to a recipient UE via the RF interface;

mapping a second CB of the plurality of CBs to the symbol, the second CB being different from the first CB;

causing the TB with the second CB in the symbol to be retransmitted to the recipient UE via the RF interface.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the processor circuit is to: determining the second CB based on an index of the first CB, a total number of the plurality of CBs in the TB, and a shift value, wherein the shift value is configured based on a reception resource pool and a transmission of the TB.

16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the symbol is one of a plurality of symbols punctured for ACG adaptation.

17. The apparatus of any of claims 14 to 16, wherein the processor circuit is to: such that the TB is transmitted over a physical side link shared channel (psch).

18. A computer-readable medium having stored thereon instructions that, when executed by a processor circuit, cause the processor circuit to:

generating a first Code Block (CB) and a second CB;

mapping both the first CB and the second CB to a same set of symbols in a time domain; and

causing the first CB and the second CB to be transmitted to a receiving User Equipment (UE) via a physical side link shared channel (PSSCH) on the set of symbols in the mapped time domain.

19. The computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor circuit, further cause the processor circuit to: interleaving bits of the first CB to prevent systematic bits of the bits from being mapped to one or more symbols punctured for Automatic Gain Control (AGC) adaptation.

20. The computer-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the one or more symbols comprise a plurality of symbols.

21. A computer-readable medium having stored thereon instructions that, when executed by a processor circuit, cause the processor circuit to:

generating a Code Block (CB), the CB including a plurality of bits;

padding a first set of one or more symbols in a time domain with a first portion of the plurality of bits, wherein the first set of one or more symbols is not punctured for Automatic Gain Control (AGC) adaptation;

padding a second set of one or more symbols in the time domain with a second portion of the plurality of bits, wherein the second set of one or more symbols is punctured for the AGC adaptation; and

cause the first portion of the plurality of bits and the second portion of the plurality of bits to be transmitted to a recipient User Equipment (UE) via a Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH) over the respective first and second sets of one or more symbols.

22. The computer readable medium of claim 21, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor circuit, further cause the processor circuit to: activating padding of the second set of one or more symbols with the second portion of the plurality of bits based on a resource pool configuration or Sidelink Control Information (SCI).

23. The computer-readable medium of claim 21 or 22, wherein the first set of one or more symbols comprises a plurality of symbols and/or the second set of one or more symbols comprises a plurality of symbols.

24. A computer-readable medium having stored thereon instructions that, when executed by a processor circuit, cause the processor circuit to:

generating a Transport Block (TB) comprising a plurality of Code Blocks (CBs);

mapping a first CB of the plurality of CBs to symbols in a time domain, wherein the symbols are punctured for Automatic Gain Control (AGC) adaptation;

cause the TB with the first CB in the symbol to be transmitted to a receiving User Equipment (UE) via a physical side link shared channel (PSSCH);

mapping a second CB of the plurality of CBs to the symbol, the second CB being different from the first CB;

causing the TB with the second CB in the symbol to be retransmitted to the recipient UE via the PSSCH.

25. The computer readable medium of claim 24, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor circuit, further cause the processor circuit to: determining the second CB based on an index of the first CB, a total number of the plurality of CBs in the TB, and a shift value, wherein the shift value is configured based on a reception resource pool and a transmission of the TB.

Technical Field

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to the field of wireless communications, and in particular, to an apparatus and method for ensuring decodability of a New Radio (NR) vehicle-to-anything (V2X) maximum data rate transmission.

Background

With the development of wireless communication, V2X service may be implemented by various types of V2X applications, for example, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-network (V2N), and the like. The present disclosure will provide a scheme how to ensure decodability of the maximum data rate transmission of NR V2X.

Disclosure of Invention

An aspect of the present disclosure provides an apparatus for a User Equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: a Radio Frequency (RF) interface; and a processor circuit coupled with the RF interface, wherein the processor circuit is to: generating a first Code Block (CB) and a second CB; mapping both the first CB and the second CB to a same set of symbols in a time domain; and causing the first CB and the second CB to be transmitted to a recipient UE via the RF interface over the set of symbols in the mapped time domain.

An aspect of the present disclosure provides an apparatus for a UE, the apparatus comprising: an RF interface; and a processor circuit coupled with the RF interface, wherein the processor circuit is to: generating a CB, the CB comprising a plurality of bits; padding a first set of one or more symbols in a time domain with a first portion of the plurality of bits, wherein the first set of one or more symbols is not punctured for Automatic Gain Control (AGC) adaptation; padding a second set of one or more symbols in the time domain with a second portion of the plurality of bits, wherein the second set of one or more symbols is punctured for the AGC adaptation; and cause the first portion of the plurality of bits and the second portion of the plurality of bits to be transmitted over the RF interface to a recipient UE over the respective first set of one or more symbols and the second set of one or more symbols.

An aspect of the present disclosure provides an apparatus for a UE, the apparatus comprising: an RF interface; and a processor circuit coupled with the RF interface, wherein the processor circuit is to: generating a Transport Block (TB), the TB including a plurality of CBs; mapping a first CB of the plurality of CBs to symbols in a time domain, wherein the symbols are punctured for AGC adaptation; cause the TB with the first CB in the symbol to be sent to a recipient UE via the RF interface; mapping a second CB of the plurality of CBs to the symbol, the second CB being different from the first CB; causing the TB with the second CB in the symbol to be retransmitted to the recipient UE via the RF interface.

An aspect of the disclosure provides a computer-readable medium having stored thereon instructions that, when executed by a processor circuit, cause the processor circuit to: generating a first CB and a second CB; mapping both the first CB and the second CB to a same set of symbols in a time domain; and causing the first CB and the second CB to be transmitted to a receiving UE via a physical sidelink shared channel (pscsch) over the set of symbols in the mapped time domain.

An aspect of the disclosure provides a computer-readable medium having stored thereon instructions that, when executed by a processor circuit, cause the processor circuit to: generating a CB, the CB comprising a plurality of bits; padding a first set of one or more symbols in a time domain with a first portion of the plurality of bits, wherein the first set of one or more symbols is not punctured for AGC adaptation; padding a second set of one or more symbols in the time domain with a second portion of the plurality of bits, wherein the second set of one or more symbols is punctured for the AGC adaptation; and cause the first portion of the plurality of bits and the second portion of the plurality of bits to be transmitted to a recipient UE via a PSSCH over the respective first set of one or more symbols and the second set of one or more symbols.

An aspect of the disclosure provides a computer-readable medium having stored thereon instructions that, when executed by a processor circuit, cause the processor circuit to: generating a TB, the TB comprising a plurality of CBs; mapping a first CB of the plurality of CBs to symbols in a time domain, wherein the symbols are punctured for AGC adaptation; cause the TB with the first CB in the symbol to be sent to a recipient UE via a PSSCH; mapping a second CB of the plurality of CBs to the symbol, the second CB being different from the first CB; causing the TB with the second CB in the symbol to be retransmitted to the recipient UE via the PSSCH.

Drawings

Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described by way of example, and not limitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawings in which like references indicate similar elements.

Fig. 1 illustrates an example architecture of a system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 2 shows an example of CB arrangement based on a frequency-first mapping scheme.

Fig. 3 illustrates a flow diagram of a method for arranging CBs based on time-first mapping, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 4 illustrates an example of CB placement based on a time-first mapping scheme in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 5 illustrates a flow diagram of a method for arranging CBs based on repetition, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 6 illustrates a flow diagram of a method for arranging CBs based on interleaving, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 7 illustrates an example of an interleaving-based CB arrangement in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 8 illustrates example components of a device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 9 illustrates an example interface of a baseband circuit according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 10 is a block diagram illustrating components capable of reading instructions from a machine-readable or computer-readable medium and performing any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, according to some example embodiments.

Detailed Description

Various aspects of the illustrative embodiments will be described using terms commonly employed by those skilled in the art to convey the substance of the disclosure to others skilled in the art. However, it will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that many alternative embodiments may be practiced using portions of the described aspects. For purposes of explanation, specific numbers, materials, and configurations are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the illustrative embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that alternative embodiments may be practiced without the specific details. In other instances, well-known features may be omitted or simplified in order not to obscure the illustrative embodiments.

Further, various operations will be described as multiple discrete operations, in a manner that is most helpful in understanding the illustrative embodiments; however, the order of description should not be construed as to imply that these operations are necessarily order dependent. In particular, these operations need not be performed in the order of presentation.

The phrases "in an embodiment," "in one embodiment," and "in some embodiments" are used repeatedly herein. The phrase generally does not refer to the same embodiment; however, it may refer to the same embodiment. The terms "comprising," "having," and "including" are synonymous, unless the context dictates otherwise. The phrases "A or B" and "A/B" mean "(A), (B) or (A and B)".

The third generation partnership project (3GPP) Radio Access Network (RAN) has completed a research project (SI) on NR-V2X, which is defined in 3GPP TR 38.885V2.0.0(2019-03) ("NR; vehicle to everything research (16 th edition)", 3 months 2019). Furthermore, the 3GPP RAN approved a new Work Item (WI) to develop the corresponding 5G V2X specification (3GPP RP-190766: "New WID in 5G V2X with NR side link", LG Electron, Huan, 3 months 2019), in particular the NR-based Side Link (SL) section. The present disclosure will provide a scheme on how to ensure decodability for maximum data rate transmission of NR V2X, in particular Code Block (CB) arrangement.

Fig. 1 illustrates an example architecture of a system 100 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The following description is provided for an example system 100 operating in conjunction with the Long Term Evolution (LTE) system standard and the 5G or New Radio (NR) system standard provided by the 3GPP Technical Specification (TS). However, the example embodiments are not limited in this respect and the described embodiments may be applied to other networks that benefit from the principles described herein, such as future 3GPP systems (e.g., sixth generation (6G)) systems, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)802.16 protocols (e.g., wireless Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), etc.), and so forth.

As shown in FIG. 1, the system 100 can include a UE 101a and a UE 101b (collectively referred to as "UE(s) 101"). As used herein, the term "user equipment" or "UE" may refer to devices having radio communication capabilities and may describe remote users of network resources in a communication network. The terms "user equipment" or "UE" may be considered synonyms and may be referred to as a client, a mobile phone, a mobile device, a mobile terminal, a user terminal, a mobile unit, a mobile station, a mobile user, a subscriber, a user, a remote station, an access agent, a user agent, a receiver, a radio, a reconfigurable mobile, and the like. Furthermore, the terms "user equipment" or "UE" may include any type of wireless/wired device or any computing device that includes a wireless communication interface. In this example, the UE 101 is shown as a smartphone (e.g., a handheld touchscreen mobile computing device connectable to one or more cellular networks), but may also include any mobile or non-mobile computing device, such as a consumer electronic device, a cellular phone, a smartphone, a feature phone, a tablet, a wearable computer device, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a pager, a wireless handheld device, a desktop computer, a laptop computer, an in-vehicle infotainment system (IVI), an in-vehicle entertainment (ICE) device, an Instrument panel (Instrument Cluster, IC), a head-up display (HUD) device, an in-vehicle diagnostics (OBD) device, a dashboard mobile Device (DME), a Mobile Data Terminal (MDT), an Electronic Engine Management System (EEMS), an electronic/Engine Control Unit (ECU), an electronic/Engine Control Module (ECM), a mobile computing device(s), a mobile computing device, a mobile, Embedded systems, microcontrollers, control modules, Engine Management Systems (EMS), networked or "smart" devices, Machine Type Communication (MTC) devices, machine-to-machine (M2M), internet of things (IoT) devices, and/or the like.

In some embodiments, any of the UEs 101 may include an IoT UE, which may include a network access layer designed for low-power IoT applications that utilize short-term UE connections. IoT UEs may utilize technologies such as M2M or MTC to exchange data with MTC servers or devices via PLMNs, proximity-based services (ProSe) or device-to-device (D2D) communications, sensor networks, or IoT networks. The data exchange of M2M or MTC may be a machine initiated data exchange. An IoT network describes interconnected IoT UEs that may include uniquely identifiable embedded computing devices (within the internet infrastructure) with short-term connections. The IoT UE may execute background applications (e.g., keep-alive messages, status updates, etc.) to facilitate connection of the IoT network.

UE 101 may be configured to connect with (e.g., communicatively couple with) RAN 110. In an embodiment, RAN 110 may be a Next Generation (NG) RAN or a 5G RAN, an evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN), or a legacy RAN, such as a UTRAN (UMTS terrestrial radio access network) or a GERAN (GSM (global system for Mobile communications or group Sp specific Mobile) EDGE (GSM evolution) radio access network). As used herein, the term "NG RAN" or the like may refer to RAN 110 operating in an NR or 5G system 100, and the term "E-UTRAN" or the like may refer to RAN 110 operating in an LTE or 4G system 100. The UE 101 utilizes connections (or channels) 103 and 104, respectively, each of which includes a physical communication interface or layer (discussed in further detail below). As used herein, the term "channel" may refer to any tangible or intangible transmission medium that communicates data or a stream of data. The term "channel" may be synonymous and/or equivalent to "communication channel," "data communication channel," "transmission channel," "data transmission channel," "access channel," "data access channel," "link," "data link," "carrier," "radio frequency carrier," and/or any other similar term denoting a path or medium through which data is communicated. In addition, the term "link" may refer to a connection between two devices for the purpose of transmitting and receiving information over a Radio Access Technology (RAT).

In this example, connections 103 and 104 are shown as air interfaces to enable communicative coupling, and may be consistent with a cellular communication protocol, such as a global system for mobile communications (GSM) protocol, a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) network protocol, a push-to-talk (PTT) protocol, a cellular PTT (poc) protocol, a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) protocol, a 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) protocol, a fifth generation (5G) protocol, a New Radio (NR) protocol, and/or any other communication protocol discussed herein. In an embodiment, the UE 101 may exchange communication data directly via the ProSe interface 105. The ProSe interface 105 may alternatively be referred to as a Sidelink (SL) interface 105 and may include one or more logical channels including, but not limited to, a Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH), a physical sidelink shared channel (PSCCH), a Physical Sidelink Discovery Channel (PSDCH), and a Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel (PSBCH).

UE 101b is shown configured to access an Access Point (AP)106 (also referred to as "WLAN node 106", "WLAN terminal 106", or "WT 106", etc.) via a connection 107. The connection 107 may comprise a local wireless connection, such as a connection consistent with any IEEE 802.11 protocol, where the AP 106 would comprise a wireless fidelity (WiFi) router. In this example, the AP 106 is shown connected to the internet without being connected to the core network of the wireless system (described in further detail below). In various embodiments, UE 101b, RAN 110, and AP 106 may be configured to utilize LTE-WLAN aggregation (LWA) operations and/or WLAN LTE/WLAN radio level integration (LWIP) operations with IPsec tunneling. LWA operation may involve UE 101b in RRC _ CONNECTED being configured by RAN node 111 to utilize radio resources of LTE and WLAN. The LWIP operation may involve the UE 101b using WLAN radio resources (e.g., connection 107) via an internet protocol security (IPsec) protocol tunnel to authenticate and encrypt packets (e.g., Internet Protocol (IP) packets) sent over the connection 107. An IPsec tunnel may include encapsulating the entire original IP packet and adding a new packet header to protect the original header of the IP packet.

RAN 110 may include one or more RAN nodes 111a and 111b (collectively referred to as "RAN node(s) 111") that enable connections 103 and 104. As used herein, the terms "Access Node (AN)", "access point", "RAN node", and the like may describe a device that provides radio baseband functionality for data and/or voice connections between a network and one or more users. These access nodes may be referred to as Base Stations (BSs), next generation node BS (gnbs), RAN nodes, evolved nodebs (enbs), nodebs, Road Side Units (RSUs), transmission reception points (TRxP or TRP), etc., and may include ground stations (e.g., ground access points) or satellite stations that provide coverage within a geographic area (e.g., a cell). As used herein, the term "NG RAN node" or the like may refer to a RAN node 111 (e.g., a gNB) operating in the NR or 5G system 100, and the term "E-UTRAN node" or the like may refer to a RAN node 111 (e.g., an eNB) operating in the LTE or 4G system 100. According to various embodiments, the RAN node 111 may be implemented as one or more dedicated physical devices such as a macro cell base station and/or a Low Power (LP) base station for a femto cell, pico cell or other similar cell providing a smaller coverage area, smaller user capacity or higher bandwidth than a macro cell.

In some embodiments, all or part of the RAN node 111 may be implemented as one or more software entities running on a server computer as part of a virtual network, which may be referred to as a Cloud Radio Access Network (CRAN) and/or a virtual baseband unit pool (vbbp). In these embodiments, the CRAN or vbbp may implement RAN functional partitioning, such as: PDCP partitioning, wherein RRC and PDCP layers are operated by the CRAN/vbbp, while other layer 2 (L2) protocol entities are operated by individual RAN nodes 111; MAC/PHY division, where RRC, PDCP, RLC and MAC layers are operated by the CRAN/vbup, and PHY layers are operated by individual RAN nodes 111; or "lower PHY" division, where the RRC, PDCP, RLC, MAC layers and upper parts of the PHY layers are operated by the CRAN/vbup and lower parts of the PHY layers are operated by the individual RAN node 111. The virtualization framework allows freeing up processor cores of RAN node 111 to execute other virtualized applications. In some implementations, the individual RAN nodes 111 may represent individual gNB-DUs that are connected to the gNB-CUs via individual F1 interfaces (not shown in fig. 1). In these implementations, the gbb-DUs may include one or more remote radio heads or radio front-end modules (RFEM), and the gbb-CUs may be operated by a server (not shown) located in the RAN 110 or by a server pool in a similar manner to the CRAN/vbbp. Additionally or alternatively, one or more RAN nodes 111 may be next generation enbs (NG-enbs), which are RAN nodes that provide E-UTRA user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UE 101 and which are connected to the 5GC via an NG interface.

In the V2X scenario, one or more RAN nodes 111 may be or act as RSUs. The term "roadside unit" or "RSU" may refer to any transportation infrastructure entity for V2X communication. The RSU may be implemented in or by a suitable RAN node or a fixed (or relatively stationary) UE, where the RSU in or by the UE may be referred to as a "UE-type RSU", the RSU in or by the eNB may be referred to as an "eNB-type RSU", the RSU in or by the gNB may be referred to as a "gNB-type RSU", and so on. In one example, an RSU is a computing device coupled with radio frequency circuitry located at the curb side that provides connectivity support for a passing vehicle UE 101(vUE 101). The RSU may also include internal data storage circuitry for storing intersection map geometry, traffic statistics, media, and applications/software for sensing and controlling ongoing vehicle and pedestrian traffic. The RSU may operate on the 5.9GHz Direct Short Range Communication (DSRC) band to provide very low latency communications required for high speed events, such as collision avoidance, traffic warnings, etc. Additionally or alternatively, the RSU may operate on the cellular V2X frequency band to provide the low latency communications described above as well as other cellular communication services. Additionally or alternatively, the RSU may operate as a WiFi hotspot (2.4GHz band) and/or provide a connection to one or more cellular networks to provide uplink and downlink communications. The computing device(s) and some or all of the radio frequency circuitry of the RSU may be enclosed in a weatherproof enclosure suitable for outdoor installation, and may include a network interface controller to provide wired (e.g., ethernet) connectivity to a traffic signal controller and/or a backhaul network.

Any RAN node 111 may terminate the air interface protocol and may be the first point of contact for the UE 101. In some embodiments, any RAN node 111 may fulfill various logical functions of RAN 110, including but not limited to Radio Network Controller (RNC) functions such as radio bearer management, uplink and downlink dynamic radio resource management and data packet scheduling, and mobility management.

In an embodiment, the UEs 101 may be configured to communicate with each other or any of the RAN nodes 111 over a multicarrier communication channel in accordance with various communication techniques, such as, but not limited to, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) communication techniques (e.g., for downlink communications) or single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) communication techniques (e.g., for uplink and ProSe or sidelink communications), using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) communication signals, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. The OFDM signal may include a plurality of orthogonal subcarriers.

In some embodiments, the downlink resource grid may be used for downlink transmissions from any RAN node 111 to the UE 101, while uplink transmissions may use similar techniques. The grid may be a time-frequency grid, referred to as a resource grid or time-frequency resource grid, which is the physical resource in the downlink per slot. Such a time-frequency plane representation is common practice for OFDM systems, which makes radio resource allocation intuitive. Each column and each row of the resource grid corresponds to one OFDM symbol and one OFDM subcarrier, respectively. The duration of the resource grid in the time domain corresponds to one time slot in a radio frame. The smallest time-frequency unit in the resource grid is represented as a resource element. Each resource grid includes a plurality of resource blocks, which describe the mapping of certain physical channels to resource elements. Each resource block comprises a set of resource elements; in the frequency domain, this may represent the minimum amount of resources that can currently be allocated. There are several different physical downlink channels transmitted using such resource blocks.

According to various embodiments, UE 101 and RAN node 111 communicate (e.g., transmit and receive) data over a licensed medium (also referred to as "licensed spectrum" and/or "licensed band") and an unlicensed shared medium (also referred to as "unlicensed spectrum and/or" unlicensed band "). The licensed spectrum may include channels operating in a frequency range of about 400MHz to about 3.8GHz, while the unlicensed spectrum may include a 5GHz band.

To operate in unlicensed spectrum, the UE 101 and RAN node 111 may operate using Licensed Assisted Access (LAA), enhanced LAA (elaa), and/or other elaa (felaa) mechanisms. In these implementations, UE 101 and RAN node 111 may perform one or more known medium sensing operations and/or carrier sensing operations to determine whether one or more channels in the unlicensed spectrum are unavailable or otherwise occupied prior to transmission in the unlicensed spectrum. The medium/carrier sensing operation may be performed according to a Listen Before Talk (LBT) protocol.

LBT is a mechanism in which a device (e.g., UE 101, RAN node 111,112, etc.) senses a medium (e.g., channel or carrier frequency) and transmits when the medium is sensed to be idle (or when a particular channel in the medium is sensed to be unoccupied). The medium sensing operation may include Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) that utilizes at least Energy Detection (ED) to determine whether other signals are present on the channel in order to determine whether the channel is occupied or clear. The LBT mechanism allows the cellular/LAA network to coexist with incumbent systems in unlicensed spectrum and with other LAA networks. ED may include sensing Radio Frequency (RF) energy over an expected transmission band for a period of time and comparing the sensed RF energy to a predetermined or configured threshold.

Generally, an incumbent system in the 5GHz band is a WLAN based on IEEE 802.11 technology. WLANs employ a contention-based channel access mechanism known as carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA). Here, when a WLAN node (e.g., a Mobile Station (MS) such as UE 101, AP 106) intends to transmit, the WLAN node may first perform a CCA prior to the transmission. In addition, a back-off mechanism is used to avoid collisions in the case where more than one WLAN node senses the channel as idle and transmits at the same time. The back-off mechanism may be a counter drawn randomly within the Contention Window Size (CWS) that is exponentially increased when collisions occur and reset to a minimum value when a transmission is successful. The LBT mechanism designed for LAA is somewhat similar to CSMA/CA of WLAN. In some implementations, an LBT procedure for a DL or UL transmission burst including PDSCH or PUSCH transmissions, respectively, may have an LAA contention window of variable length between X and Y extended cca (ecca) slots, where X and Y are minimum and maximum values of a CWS for the LAA. In one example, the minimum CWS for LAA transmission may be 9 microseconds (μ β); however, the size of the CWS and the Maximum Channel Occupancy Time (MCOT) (e.g., transmission bursts) may be based on government regulatory requirements.

The LAA mechanism is established based on the Carrier Aggregation (CA) technique of the LTE-Advanced (LTE-Advanced) system. In CA, each aggregated carrier is referred to as a Component Carrier (CC). The CCs may have bandwidths of 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, or 20MHz, and may be aggregated for up to five CCs, and thus, the maximum aggregated bandwidth is 100 MHz. In a Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) system, the number of aggregated carriers may be different for DL and UL, where the number of UL CCs is equal to or lower than the number of DL component carriers. In some cases, individual CCs may have different bandwidths than other CCs. In a Time Division Duplex (TDD) system, the number of CCs and the bandwidth of each CC are typically the same for DL and UL.

The CA also includes individual serving cells to provide individual CCs. The coverage of the serving cell may be different, e.g., because CCs on different frequency bands will experience different path losses. A primary serving cell or primary cell (PCell) may provide a primary cc (pcc) for both UL and DL and may handle Radio Resource Control (RRC) and non-access stratum (NAS) related activities. The other serving cells are referred to as secondary cells (scells), and each SCell may provide a separate secondary cc (scc) for both UL and DL. SCCs may be added and removed as needed, while changing the PCC may require the UE 101 to undergo handover. In LAA, eLAA, and feLAA, some or all scells may operate in unlicensed spectrum (referred to as "LAA scells"), and the LAA scells are assisted by pcells operating in licensed spectrum. When a UE is configured with more than one LAA SCell, the UE may receive a UL grant on the configured LAA SCell, the UL grant indicating different Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) starting positions within the same subframe.

The Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) may carry user data and higher layer signaling to the UE 101. A Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) may carry information on a transport format and resource allocation related to a PDSCH channel, and the like. It may also inform the UE 101 of transport format, resource allocation and H-ARQ (hybrid automatic repeat request) information related to the uplink shared channel. In general, downlink scheduling (allocation of control and shared channel resource blocks to UEs 101b within a cell) may be performed at any RAN node 111 based on channel quality information fed back from any UE 101. The downlink resource allocation information may be sent on a PDCCH for (e.g., allocated to) each UE 101.

The PDCCH may use Control Channel Elements (CCEs) to convey control information. The PDCCH complex-valued symbols may first be organized into quadruplets before mapping to resource elements, which may then be permuted using a sub-block interleaver for rate matching. Each PDCCH may be transmitted using one or more of these CCEs, where each CCE may correspond to nine sets of four physical resource elements called Resource Element Groups (REGs). Four Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) symbols may be mapped to each REG. The PDCCH may be transmitted using one or more CCEs, depending on the size of Downlink Control Information (DCI) and channel conditions. Four or more different PDCCH formats with different numbers of CCEs may be defined in LTE (e.g., aggregation level, L ═ 1, 2, 4, or 8).

Some embodiments may use the concept of resource allocation for control channel information, which is an extension of the above-described concept. For example, some embodiments may use an Enhanced Physical Downlink Control Channel (EPDCCH) that uses PDSCH resources for control information transmission. The EPDCCH may be transmitted using one or more Enhanced Control Channel Elements (ECCEs). Similar to the above, each ECCE may correspond to nine sets of four physical resource elements referred to as Enhanced Resource Element Groups (EREGs). In some cases, ECCE may have other numbers of EREGs.

The RAN nodes 111 may be configured to communicate with each other via an interface 112. In embodiments where system 100 is an LTE system, interface 112 may be an X2 interface 112. An X2 interface may be defined between two or more RAN nodes 111 (e.g., two or more enbs, etc.) connected to the EPC 120 and/or two enbs connected to the EPC 120. In some implementations, the X2 interfaces may include an X2 user plane interface (X2-U) and an X2 control plane interface (X2-C). The X2-U may provide a flow control mechanism for user data packets transmitted over the X2 interface and may be used to communicate information about user data transfer between enbs. For example, X2-U may provide specific sequence number information for user data transmitted from a master enb (menb) to a secondary enb (senb); information on successful in-order transmission of PDCP PDUs for user data from the SeNB to the UE 101; information of PDCP PDUs not delivered to the UE 101; information on a current minimum required buffer size at the SeNB for transmitting user data to the UE; and so on. X2-C may provide intra-LTE access mobility functions including context transfer from source eNB to target eNB, user plane transfer control, etc.; a load management function; and an inter-cell interference coordination function.

In embodiments where system 100 is a 5G or NR system, interface 112 may be an Xn interface 112. An Xn interface is defined between two or more RAN nodes 111 (e.g., two or more gnbs, etc.) connected to the 5GC 120, between a RAN node 111 (e.g., a gNB) connected to the 5GC 120 and an eNB, and/or between two enbs connected to the 5GC 120. In some implementations, the Xn interface can include an Xn user plane (Xn-U) interface and an Xn control plane (Xn-C) interface. The Xn-U can provide unsecured transport of user plane PDUs and support/provide data forwarding and flow control functionality. Xn-C may provide: management and error handling functions; managing the function of the Xn-C interface; mobility support for a UE 101 in CONNECTED mode (e.g., CM-CONNECTED) includes functionality to manage CONNECTED mode UE mobility between one or more RAN nodes 111. Mobility support may include context transfer from the old (source) serving RAN node 111 to the new (target) serving RAN node 111; and control of user plane tunnels between the old (source) serving RAN node 111 and the new (target) serving RAN node 111. The protocol stack of the Xn-U may include a transport network layer established above an Internet Protocol (IP) transport layer and a GTP-U layer above UDP(s) and/or IP layers for carrying user plane PDUs. The Xn-C protocol stack may include an application layer signaling protocol, referred to as the Xn application protocol (Xn-AP), and a transport network layer built over SCTP. SCTP can be located above the IP layer and can provide guaranteed delivery of application layer messages. In the transport IP layer, point-to-point transport is used to deliver signaling PDUs. In other implementations, the Xn-U protocol stack and/or the Xn-C protocol stack may be the same as or similar to the user plane and/or control plane protocol stack(s) shown and described herein.

RAN 110 is shown communicatively coupled to a core network, in this embodiment, Core Network (CN) 120. CN 120 may include a plurality of network elements 122 configured to provide various data and telecommunications services to clients/subscribers (e.g., users of UE 101) connected to CN 120 through RAN 110. The term "network element" may describe a physical or virtualized device used to provide wired or wireless communication network services. The term "network element" may be considered synonymous with and/or referred to as: a networking computer, network hardware, network device, router, switch, hub, bridge, radio network controller, radio access network device, gateway, server, Virtualized Network Function (VNF), Network Function Virtualization Infrastructure (NFVI), and/or the like. The components of CN 120 may be implemented in one physical node or separate physical nodes, including components that read and execute instructions from a machine-readable or computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium). In some embodiments, Network Function Virtualization (NFV) may be used to virtualize any or all of the above network node functions via executable instructions stored in one or more computer-readable storage media (described in further detail below). Logical instantiations of the CN 120 may be referred to as network slices, and logical instantiations of a portion of the CN 120 may be referred to as network subslices. The NFV architecture and infrastructure may be used to virtualize one or more network functions or be executed by dedicated hardware onto physical resources including a combination of industry standard server hardware, storage hardware, or switches. In other words, the NFV system may be used to perform a virtual or reconfigurable implementation of one or more EPC components/functions.

In general, the application server 130 may be an element that provides applications that use IP bearer resources with a core network (e.g., UMTS Packet Service (PS) domain, LTE PS data services, etc.). The application server 130 may also be configured to support one or more communication services (e.g., voice over internet protocol (VoIP) sessions, PTT sessions, group communication sessions, social networking services, etc.) for the UE 101 via the EPC 120.

In an embodiment, the CN 120 may be a 5GC (referred to as "5 GC 120" or the like), and the RAN 110 may be connected with the CN 120 via the NG interface 113. In an embodiment, the NG interface 113 may be divided into two parts: a NG user plane (NG-U) interface 114 that carries traffic data between RAN node 111 and User Plane Functions (UPFs); and S1 control plane (NG-C) interface 115, which is the signaling interface between RAN node 111 and the AMF.

In an embodiment, the CN 120 may be a 5G CN (referred to as "5 GC 120," etc.), while in other embodiments, the CN 120 may be an Evolved Packet Core (EPC). In the case where CN 120 is an EPC (referred to as "EPC 120," etc.), RAN 110 may connect with CN 120 via S1 interface 113. In an embodiment, the S1 interface 13 may be divided into two parts: an S1 user plane (S1-U) interface 114, which carries traffic data between the RAN node 111 and the serving gateway (S-GW); and S1-Mobility Management Entity (MME) interface 115, which is a signaling interface between RAN node 111 and the MME.

As described in 3GPP TS 38.214 ("NR; physical layer procedure for data", v15.3.0, 10 months 2018), a Transport Block (TB) may be split into Code Blocks (CBs) if the Transport Block Size (TBS) is larger than 8448 bits. Each CB may have its own Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits and be separately encoded and interleaved. Interleaving may include only a uniform mapping of systematic bits to modulated symbols. In essence, the systematic bits are first mapped to the Most Significant Bit (MSB) of the modulated symbol, then to the next lower significant bit, and so on until no more systematic bits are available. The concatenated CBs are then mapped to modulated symbols. Thereafter, the string of symbols is mapped to physical resources. They are first mapped in the frequency direction, then in the time direction, and finally in the spatial (layer) direction. The layer direction only applies when one codeword is mapped to a plurality of spatial layers. Fig. 2 shows an example for only one specific layer.

Fig. 2 shows an example of CB arrangement based on a frequency-first mapping scheme.

As shown in fig. 2, the CBs are first mapped in the frequency direction or frequency domain and then mapped in the time direction or time domain. As a result, the previous symbol or symbols (in the time domain) may be padded with CB 1.

As described in 3GPP R4-1905241 ("reply LS for NR V2X service on NR V2X UE RF parameters", RAN4 WG, west ampere, china, 4 months, 8 days to 12 days 2019), a certain time is required to adapt (adapt) Automatic Gain Control (AGC) at the start of transmission. This means that during this time period it is likely that the received symbols are not available. According to 3GPP R4-1905241, the time period is approximately 1 OFDM symbol for 30 and 60kHz subcarrier spacing (SCS). In other cases, more than one OFDM symbol is needed for AGC adaptation. For the example in fig. 2, this would mean that the previous OFDM symbol or symbols could not be received. If the remaining symbols of the CB (e.g., CB 1) can no longer decode themselves after removing the symbol(s) affected by the AGC, the entire CB will fail. This will result in a total transmission failure. For a 40MHz channel, this means that Modulation and Coding Schemes (MCS)19-28 cannot be received for table 5.1.3.1-1 in 3GPP TS 38.214; for table 5.1.3.1-2 in 3GPP TS 38.214, MCS 12-27 cannot be received; and for a lower MCS, since the effective code rate of the first CB is different, the performance may be greatly affected.

In the following, embodiments will be provided to mitigate the performance degradation of large bandwidth allocations in the context of NR V2X.

Fig. 3 illustrates a flow diagram of a method 300 for arranging CBs based on time-first mapping, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.

In 310, a first CB and a second CB are generated. For example, the TB may be divided into a plurality of CBs, including a first CB and a second CB.

In 320, both the first CB and the second CB are mapped to the same set of symbols in the time domain.

In 330, the first CB and the second CB are transmitted to the receiving UE.

The method 300 provides a time-first mapping scheme for CB placement as compared to the frequency-first mapping scheme based CB placement shown in fig. 2. With the method 300, CBs may first be arranged in the time domain. Fig. 4 illustrates an example of CB placement based on a time-first mapping scheme in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.

As shown in fig. 4, the previous symbol or symbols are punctured (punctured) for AGC adaptation, and thus the symbol or symbols cannot be used for decoding. However, since the CBs are arranged in the time domain first, the performance impact on each CB is small.

For the time-first mapping scheme in method 300, if the MCS at the transmitting UE is selected to account for this effect, it can be ensured that no other performance impact is introduced.

In an embodiment, the first CB and the second CB may be mapped to different carrier groups in the frequency domain, as shown in fig. 4.

In embodiments applying spatial multiplexing, the first CB and the second CB may be mapped to the same layer in the spatial domain. Furthermore, the mapping order may be spatial domain first, then time domain, and finally frequency domain.

In an embodiment, the time-first mapping scheme may be combined with selective mapping of the systematic bits. In particular, for example, the first CB may include a plurality of bits including systematic bits and redundant bits. In an embodiment, the bits of the first CB may be interleaved to prevent systematic bits of the first CB from being mapped to the symbol(s) punctured for AGC adaptation, e.g., the previous symbol(s) shown in fig. 4. In this way, any systematic bits will not risk being punctured.

In an embodiment, the impact of puncturing may be considered in terms of TBS determination, and a Code Rate (CR) may be adapted to the punctured symbol(s).

The method 300 for arranging CBs based on time-first mapping may mitigate the impact of symbol(s) punctured for AGC adaptation, or even avoid such impact, to ensure decodability for maximum data rate transmission of NR V2X.

There are other methods to achieve this effect besides the time-first mapping scheme.

Fig. 5 illustrates a flow diagram of a method 500 for arranging CBs based on repetition, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.

At 510, a CB is generated. The CB may include a plurality of bits, such as systematic bits and redundant bits.

At 520, a first symbol in the time domain is filled with a first portion of the plurality of bits. The first symbol is not punctured for AGC adaptation. In an embodiment, the first symbol comprises a single symbol. In another embodiment, the first symbol comprises a plurality of symbols. The present disclosure is not limited in this respect.

At 530, a second symbol in the time domain is filled with a second portion of the plurality of bits. The second symbol is punctured for AGC adaptation. In an embodiment, the second symbol comprises a single symbol. In another embodiment, the first symbol comprises a plurality of symbols. The present disclosure is not limited in this respect.

In 540, the first portion of the plurality of bits and the second portion of the plurality of bits are transmitted to a recipient UE.

In an embodiment, the first portion of the plurality of bits may be the same as the second portion of the plurality of bits. For example, both the first portion and the second portion of the plurality of bits may include systematic bits, redundant bits, or both.

In an embodiment, the first portion of the plurality of bits may be different from the second portion of the plurality of bits. In an embodiment, the second portion of the plurality of bits may be indicated by a Redundancy Version (RV) different from the RV of the first portion of the plurality of bits. For example, the first portion of the plurality of bits may include systematic bits used to fill those symbol(s) that are not punctured for AGC adaptation; and a second portion of the plurality of bits may include redundant bits used to fill the symbol(s) punctured for AGC adaptation.

In general, in the method 500, any portion of the generated modulated symbols or bits generated for CB(s) may be repeated to fill those symbol(s), e.g., the previous symbol(s), punctured for AGC adaptation.

In an embodiment, the symbol(s) affected by AGC may not be included in TBS and symbol generation to prevent the effects of AGC puncturing.

The above repetition-based CB arrangement scheme may be configurable in view of the maximum data rate under ideal conditions (no AGC puncturing). In embodiments, activation of the repetition-based CB placement scheme may be semi-static or fully dynamic.

In an embodiment, padding of AGC-affected symbol(s) (e.g., second symbol) with any portion of generated modulated symbols or bits generated for a CB (e.g., second portion of a plurality of bits of the CB) may be activated based on a resource pool configuration, semi-statically activating a repetition-based CB placement scheme. In an embodiment, the resource pool configuration may be communicated over the network over the Uu interface. In embodiments where sidelink communications operate independently of the network, the resource pool configuration may be predefined and stored in a memory of the UE.

In an embodiment, padding of the AGC-affected symbol(s) (e.g., the second symbol) with the generated modulated symbol or any portion of the generated bits for the CB (e.g., the second portion of the plurality of bits of the CB) may be activated based on the Sidelink Control Information (SCI), thereby dynamically activating the repetition-based CB placement scheme. SCI may be communicated between participating entities that are communicating on the sidelink.

The above repetition-based CB arrangement scheme may mitigate or even avoid the impact of symbols punctured for AGC adaptation to ensure decodability for maximum data rate transmission of NR V2X.

In addition to the time-first mapping scheme and the repetition-based CB placement scheme described above, there are other methods that can achieve the above-described effects.

Fig. 6 illustrates a flow diagram of a method 600 for arranging CBs based on interleaving, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The method 600 may be applicable to the case where the same TB is transmitted multiple times.

At 610, a TB is generated. The TB may include a plurality of CBs, e.g., a first CB and a different second CB.

In 620, a first CB of the plurality of CBs is mapped to symbols punctured in the time domain for AGC adaptation. In an embodiment, the punctured symbols include a single symbol. In another embodiment, the punctured symbol includes a plurality of symbols. The present disclosure is not limited in this respect.

In 630, the TB with the first CB in the symbol is transmitted to the receiving UE.

In 640, the second CB is mapped to the symbol.

In 650, the TB with the second CB in the symbol is transmitted to the receiving UE.

In the method 600, the same CB is not always punctured for AGC adaptation, but different CBs (first CB and second CB) are punctured so that the TB can be successfully decoded by transmitting the TB at least twice if the different CBs are punctured.

Fig. 7 illustrates an example of an interleaving-based CB arrangement in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.

In an embodiment, as seen from fig. 7, the order of the CBs may be altered such that the ith CB in a transmission of a TB with a transmission index k may be shifted to the ((i + M) mod N) th CB in another transmission of the same TB with a transmission index k +1, where M is the configured shift value and N is the total number of CBs in the TB. The shift value M may be configured on a per transmission and reception resource pool basis, and thus M may vary depending on which retransmission of the same TB is used.

The above-described interlace-based CB arrangement scheme can mitigate the effect of symbols punctured for AGC adaptation in the presence of multiple transmissions for the same TB, or even avoid such effect, to ensure decodability for maximum data rate transmission of NR V2X.

The CB arrangement scheme described in this disclosure may be used in various channels described in connection with fig. 1, including but not limited to the PSSCH between UEs, for example, in sidelink communications.

The CB arrangement scheme described in the present disclosure may be applied in various scenarios, and embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited in this respect. In particular, the CB arrangement scheme described in the present disclosure may be applied when puncturing may result in significant performance degradation.

The CB arrangement scheme described in this disclosure may exploit various features to mitigate, or even avoid, the impact of symbols punctured for AGC adaptation from different aspects. Thereby, decodability of the maximum data rate transmission of NR V2X can be ensured.

Fig. 8 illustrates example components of a device 800 according to some embodiments. In some embodiments, device 800 may include application circuitry 802, baseband circuitry 804, Radio Frequency (RF) circuitry 806, front-end module (FEM) circuitry 808, one or more antennas 810, and Power Management Circuitry (PMC)812 coupled together at least as shown. The illustrated components of the apparatus 800 may be included in a UE or AN. In some embodiments, the apparatus 800 may include fewer elements (e.g., the AN may not use the application circuitry 802, but rather include a processor/controller to process IP data received from the EPC). In some embodiments, device 800 may include additional elements, such as memory/storage devices, displays, cameras, sensors, or input/output (I/O) interfaces. In other embodiments, the components described below may be included in more than one device (e.g., for a Cloud-RAN (C-RAN) implementation, the circuitry may be included separately in more than one device).

The application circuitry 802 may include one or more application processors. For example, the application circuitry 802 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to: one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The processor(s) may include any combination of general-purpose processors and special-purpose processors (e.g., graphics processors, application processors, etc.). The processor may be coupled with or may include memory/storage and may be configured to execute instructions stored in the memory/storage to enable various applications and/or operating systems to run on the device 800. In some embodiments, the processor of the application circuitry 802 may process IP packets received from the EPC.

Baseband circuitry 804 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to: one or more single-core or multi-core processors. Baseband circuitry 804 may include one or more baseband processors or control logic to process baseband signals received from the receive signal path of RF circuitry 806 and to generate baseband signals for the transmit signal path of RF circuitry 806. Baseband processing circuits 804 may interface with application circuits 802 to generate and process baseband signals and control operation of RF circuits 806. For example, in some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 804 may include a third generation (3G) baseband processor 804A, a fourth generation (4G) baseband processor 804B, a fifth generation (5G) baseband processor 804C, or other baseband processor(s) 804D for other existing generations, generations in development or to be developed in the future (e.g., sixth generation (6G), etc.). The baseband circuitry 804 (e.g., one or more of the baseband processors 804A-D) may handle various radio control functions that support communication with one or more radio networks via the RF circuitry 806. In other embodiments, some or all of the functions of the baseband processors 804A-D may be included in modules stored in the memory 804G and may be performed via a Central Processing Unit (CPU) 804E. The radio control functions may include, but are not limited to: signal modulation/demodulation, encoding/decoding, radio frequency shifting, etc. In some embodiments, the modulation/demodulation circuitry of baseband circuitry 804 may include Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), precoding, and/or constellation mapping/demapping functionality. In some embodiments, the encoding/decoding circuitry of baseband circuitry 804 may include convolution, tail-biting convolution, turbo, Viterbi (Viterbi), and/or Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) encoder/decoder functionality. Embodiments of modulation/demodulation and encoder/decoder functions are not limited to these examples, and other suitable functions may be included in other embodiments.

In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 804 may include one or more audio Digital Signal Processors (DSPs) 804F. The audio DSP(s) 804F may include elements for compression/decompression and echo cancellation, and may include other suitable processing elements in other embodiments. In some embodiments, components of the baseband circuitry may be combined as appropriate in a single chip, a single chipset, or disposed on the same circuit board. In some embodiments, some or all of the constituent components of the baseband circuitry 804 and the application circuitry 802 may be implemented together, for example, on a system on a chip (SOC).

In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 804 may provide communications compatible with one or more radio technologies. For example, in some embodiments, baseband circuitry 804 may support communication with an Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (EUTRAN) or other Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN), Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN). Embodiments in which the baseband circuitry 804 is configured to support radio communications of more than one wireless protocol may be referred to as multi-mode baseband circuitry.

The RF circuitry 806 may support communication with a wireless network using modulated electromagnetic radiation through a non-solid medium. In various embodiments, the RF circuitry 806 may include switches, filters, amplifiers, and the like to facilitate communication with the wireless network. RF circuitry 806 may include a receive signal path that may include circuitry to down-convert RF signals received from FEM circuitry 808 and provide baseband signals to baseband circuitry 804. RF circuitry 806 may also include a transmit signal path that may include circuitry to up-convert baseband signals provided by baseband circuitry 804 and provide an RF output signal to FEM circuitry 808 for transmission.

In some embodiments, the receive signal path of RF circuitry 806 may include mixer circuitry 806a, amplifier circuitry 806b, and filter circuitry 806 c. In some embodiments, the transmit signal path of RF circuitry 806 may include filter circuitry 806c and mixer circuitry 806 a. The RF circuitry 806 may also include synthesizer circuitry 806d for synthesizing frequencies for use by the mixer circuitry 806a of the receive signal path and the transmit signal path. In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 806a of the receive signal path may be configured to down-convert RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 808 based on the synthesized frequency provided by the synthesizer circuitry 806 d. The amplifier circuit 806b may be configured to amplify the downconverted signal, and the filter circuit 806c may be a Low Pass Filter (LPF) or a Band Pass Filter (BPF) configured to remove unwanted signals from the downconverted signal to generate an output baseband signal. The output baseband signal may be provided to baseband circuitry 804 for further processing. In some embodiments, the output baseband signal may be a zero frequency baseband signal, but this is not required. In some embodiments, mixer circuit 806a of the receive signal path may comprise a passive mixer, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.

In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 806a of the transmit signal path may be configured to up-convert the input baseband signal based on a synthesis frequency provided by the synthesizer circuitry 806d to generate an RF output signal for the FEM circuitry 808. The baseband signal may be provided by baseband circuitry 804 and may be filtered by filter circuitry 806 c.

In some embodiments, mixer circuit 806a of the receive signal path and mixer circuit 806a of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged for quadrature down-conversion and/or up-conversion, respectively. In some embodiments, the mixer circuit 806a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuit 806a of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged for image rejection (e.g., Hartley image rejection). In some embodiments, the mixer circuit 806a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuit 806a of the transmit signal path may be arranged for direct down-conversion and/or direct up-conversion, respectively. In some embodiments, mixer circuit 806a of the receive signal path and mixer circuit 806a of the transmit signal path may be configured for superheterodyne operation.

In some embodiments, the output baseband signal and the input baseband signal may be analog baseband signals, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some alternative embodiments, the output baseband signal and the input baseband signal may be digital baseband signals. In these alternative embodiments, the RF circuitry 806 may include analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuitry, and the baseband circuitry 804 may include a digital baseband interface to communicate with the RF circuitry 806.

In some dual-mode embodiments, separate radio IC circuitry may be provided to process signals for each spectrum, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.

In some embodiments, synthesizer circuit 806d may be a fractional-N synthesizer or a fractional-N/N +1 synthesizer, although the scope of embodiments is not limited in this respect as other types of frequency synthesizers may be suitable. For example, synthesizer circuit 806d may be a delta-sigma synthesizer, a frequency multiplier, or a synthesizer including a phase locked loop with a frequency divider.

The synthesizer circuit 806d may be configured to synthesize an output frequency for use by the mixer circuit 806a of the RF circuit 806 based on the frequency input and the divider control input. In some embodiments, synthesizer circuit 806d may be a fractional-N/N +1 type synthesizer.

In some embodiments, the frequency input may be provided by a Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO), but this is not required. The divider control input may be provided by the baseband circuitry 804 or the application processor 802 depending on the desired output frequency. In some embodiments, the divider control input (e.g., N) may be determined from a look-up table based on the channel indicated by the application processor 802.

Synthesizer circuit 806d of RF circuit 806 may include a frequency divider, a Delay Locked Loop (DLL), a multiplexer, and a phase accumulator. In some embodiments, the divider may be a dual-mode divider (DMD) and the phase accumulator may be a Digital Phase Accumulator (DPA). In some embodiments, the DMD may be configured to divide an input signal by N or N +1 (e.g., based on a carry out) to provide a fractional division ratio. In some example embodiments, a DLL may include a set of cascaded, tunable delay elements, a phase detector, a charge pump, and a D-type flip-flop. In these embodiments, the delay elements may be configured to decompose the VCO period into at most Nd equal phase groups, where Nd is the number of delay elements in the delay line. In this manner, the DLL provides negative feedback to help ensure that the total delay through the delay line is one VCO cycle.

In some embodiments, synthesizer circuit 806d may be configured to generate a carrier frequency as the output frequency, while in other embodiments, the output frequency may be a multiple of the carrier frequency (e.g., twice the carrier frequency, four times the carrier frequency) and used with a quadrature generator and divider circuit to generate a plurality of signals having a plurality of different phases from one another at the carrier frequency. In some embodiments, the output frequency may be the LO frequency (fLO). In some embodiments, the RF circuitry 806 may include an IQ/polarity converter.

FEM circuitry 808 may include a receive signal path that may include circuitry configured to operate on RF signals received from one or more antennas 810, amplify the received signals, and provide amplified versions of the received signals to RF circuitry 806 for further processing. FEM circuitry 808 may also include a transmit signal path that may include circuitry configured to amplify signals provided by RF circuitry 806 for transmission by one or more of the one or more antennas 810. In various embodiments, amplification through either the transmit signal path or the receive signal path may be done only in RF circuitry 806, only in FEM 808, or both RF circuitry 806 and FEM 808.

In some embodiments, FEM circuitry 808 may include TX/RX switches to switch between transmit mode and receive mode operation. The FEM circuitry may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of the FEM circuitry may include a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) to amplify the received RF signal and provide the amplified received RF signal as an output (e.g., to RF circuitry 806). The transmit signal path of FEM circuitry 808 may include a Power Amplifier (PA) to amplify an input RF signal (e.g., provided by RF circuitry 806) and one or more filters to generate an RF signal for subsequent transmission (e.g., by one or more of the one or more antennas 810).

In some embodiments, PMC 812 may manage power provided to baseband circuitry 804. Specifically, PMC 812 may control power selection, voltage scaling, battery charging, or DC-DC conversion. PMC 812 may generally be included when device 800 is capable of being powered by a battery, for example, when the device is included in a UE. PMC 812 may improve power conversion efficiency while providing desired implementation size and heat dissipation characteristics.

Although figure 8 shows PMC 812 coupled only to baseband circuitry 804. However, in other embodiments, PMC 812 may additionally or alternatively be coupled with and perform similar power management operations on other components, such as, but not limited to, application circuitry 802, RF circuitry 806, or FEM 808.

In some embodiments, PMC 812 may control or otherwise be part of various power saving mechanisms of device 800. For example, if the device 800 is in an RRC _ Connected state where the device 800 is still Connected to the RAN node when it expects to receive traffic soon, then after a period of inactivity it may enter a state called discontinuous reception mode (DRX). During this state, the device 800 may be powered down for a brief interval of time, thereby saving power.

If there is no data traffic activity for an extended period of time, the device 800 may transition to an RRC _ Idle state in which the device 800 is disconnected from the network and no operations such as channel quality feedback, handover, etc. are performed. The device 800 enters a very low power state and performs paging, where the device 800 again periodically wakes up to listen to the network and then powers down again. The device 800 may not receive data in this state and it may transition back to the RRC Connected state in order to receive data.

The additional power-save mode may allow the device to be unavailable to the network for a period longer than the paging interval (ranging from a few seconds to a few hours). During this time, the device is completely unable to access the network and may be completely powered down. Any data transmitted during this period will incur a significant delay and the delay is assumed to be acceptable.

A processor of the application circuitry 802 and a processor of the baseband circuitry 804 may be used to execute elements of one or more instances of a protocol stack. For example, a processor of the baseband circuitry 804, alone or in combination, may be configured to perform layer 3, layer 2, or layer 1 functions, while a processor of the application circuitry 804 may utilize data (e.g., packet data) received from these layers and further perform layer 4 functions (e.g., Transmission Communication Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) layers). As mentioned herein, layer 3 may include an RRC layer. As referred to herein, layer 2 may include a Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, a Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, and a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer. As referred to herein, layer 1 may comprise the Physical (PHY) layer of the UE/RAN node.

Fig. 9 illustrates an example interface of a baseband circuit according to some embodiments. As described above, the baseband circuitry 804 of FIG. 8 may include processors 804A-804E and memory 804G used by the processors. Each of the processors 804A-804E may include a memory interface 904A-904E, respectively, to send and receive data to and from the memory 804G.

The baseband circuitry 804 may also include one or more interfaces, to communicatively couple to other circuitry/devices, such as a memory interface 912 (e.g., an interface for sending/receiving data to/from memory external to baseband circuitry 804), an application circuitry interface 914 (e.g., an interface for sending/receiving data to/from application circuitry 802 of fig. 8), an RF circuitry interface 916 (e.g., an interface for sending/receiving data to/from RF circuitry 806 of fig. 8), a wireless hardware connection interface 918 (e.g., an interface for sending/receiving data to/from Near Field Communication (NFC) components, bluetooth components (e.g., bluetooth low power), Wi-Fi components, and other communications components), and a power management interface 920 (e.g., an interface for sending/receiving power or control signals to/from PMC 812).

Fig. 10 is a block diagram illustrating components capable of reading instructions from a machine-readable or computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium) and performing any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, according to some example embodiments. In particular, fig. 10 shows a diagrammatic representation of hardware resources 1000, which includes one or more processors (or processor cores) 1010, one or more memory/storage devices 1020, and one or more communication resources 1030, each of which may be communicatively coupled via a bus 1040. For embodiments utilizing node virtualization (e.g., NFV), hypervisor 1002 may be executed to provide an execution environment for one or more network slices/subslices to utilize hardware resources 1000.

Processor 1010 (e.g., a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) processor, a Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC) processor, a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) such as a baseband processor, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit (RFIC), another processor, or any suitable combination thereof) may include, for example, processor 1012 and processor 1014.

Memory/storage 1020 may include a main memory, a disk storage, or any suitable combination thereof. Memory/storage 1020 may include, but is not limited to, any type of volatile or non-volatile memory, such as Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, solid state storage, and the like.

The communication resources 1030 may include interconnection or network interface components or other suitable devices to communicate with one or more peripheral devices 1004 or one or more databases 1006 via the network 1008. For example, the communication resources 1030 may include wired communication components (e.g., for coupling via a Universal Serial Bus (USB)), cellular communication components, NFC components, bluetooth components (e.g., bluetooth low energy), Wi-Fi components, and other communication components.

The instructions 1050 may include software, programs, applications, applets, apps, or other executable code for causing at least any of the processors 1010 to perform any one or more of the methods discussed herein. The instructions 1050 may reside, completely or partially, within at least one of the processor 1010 (e.g., within a processor's cache memory), the memory/storage 1020, or any suitable combination thereof. Further, any portion of instructions 1050 may be communicated to hardware resource 1000 from any combination of peripheral device 1004 or database 1006. Thus, the processors 1010, memory/storage devices 1020, peripherals 1004, and memory of databases 1006 are examples of computer-readable and machine-readable media.

The following paragraphs describe examples of various embodiments.

Example 1 includes an apparatus for a User Equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: a Radio Frequency (RF) interface; and a processor circuit coupled with the RF interface, wherein the processor circuit is to: generating a first Code Block (CB) and a second CB; mapping both the first CB and the second CB to a same set of symbols in a time domain; and causing the first CB and the second CB to be transmitted to a recipient UE via the RF interface.

Example 2 includes the apparatus of example 1, wherein the processor circuit is to: mapping the first CB and the second CB to different carrier groups in a frequency domain.

Example 3 includes the apparatus of example 1, wherein the processor circuit is to: mapping the first CB and the second CB to the same layer in a spatial domain.

Example 4 includes the apparatus of example 1, wherein the processor circuit is to: interleaving bits of the first CB to prevent systematic bits of the bits from being mapped to symbols punctured for Automatic Gain Control (AGC) adaptation.

Example 5 includes the apparatus of example 4, wherein the symbol comprises a plurality of symbols.

Example 6 includes the apparatus of any one of examples 1 to 5, wherein the processor circuit is to: causing the first CB and the second CB to be transmitted over a physical side link shared channel (PSSCH).

Example 7 includes an apparatus for a User Equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: a Radio Frequency (RF) interface; and a processor circuit coupled with the RF interface, wherein the processor circuit is to: generating a Code Block (CB), the CB including a plurality of bits; padding a first symbol in a time domain with a first portion of the plurality of bits, wherein the first symbol is not punctured for Automatic Gain Control (AGC) adaptation; padding a second symbol in a time domain with a second portion of the plurality of bits, wherein the second symbol is punctured for the AGC adaptation; and causing the first portion of the plurality of bits and the second portion of the plurality of bits to be transmitted to a recipient UE via the RF interface.

Example 8 includes the apparatus of example 7, wherein the first portion of the plurality of bits is the same as the second portion of the plurality of bits.

Example 9 includes the apparatus of example 7, wherein the first portion of the plurality of bits is different from the second portion of the plurality of bits.

Example 10 includes the apparatus of example 9, wherein the second portion of the plurality of bits is indicated by a Redundancy Version (RV) different from a RV of the first portion of the plurality of bits.

Example 11 includes the apparatus of example 7, wherein the processor circuit is to: activating padding of the second symbol with the second portion of the plurality of bits based on a resource pool configuration or Sidelink Control Information (SCI).

Example 12 includes the apparatus of example 7, wherein the first symbol comprises a plurality of symbols, and/or the second symbol comprises a plurality of symbols.

Example 13 includes the apparatus of any one of examples 7 to 12, wherein the processor circuit is to: causing the first portion of the plurality of bits and the second portion of the plurality of bits to be transmitted over a physical side link shared channel (PSSCH).

Example 14 includes an apparatus for a User Equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: a Radio Frequency (RF) interface; and a processor circuit coupled with the RF interface, wherein the processor circuit is to: generating a Transport Block (TB) comprising a plurality of Code Blocks (CBs); mapping a first CB of the plurality of CBs to symbols in a time domain, wherein the symbols are punctured for Automatic Gain Control (AGC) adaptation; cause the TB with the first CB in the symbol to be sent to a recipient UE via the RF interface; mapping a second CB of the plurality of CBs to the symbol, the second CB being different from the first CB; causing the TB with the second CB in the symbol to be retransmitted to the recipient UE via the RF interface.

Example 15 includes the apparatus of example 14, wherein the processor circuit is to: determining the second CB based on an index of the first CB, a total number of the plurality of CBs in the TB, and a shift value, wherein the shift value is configured based on a transmission and reception resource pool of the TB.

Example 16 includes the apparatus of example 14, wherein the symbol comprises a plurality of symbols.

Example 17 includes the apparatus of any one of examples 14 to 16, wherein the processor circuit is to: such that the TB is transmitted over a physical side link shared channel (psch).

Example 18 includes a computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon, which when executed by a processor circuit, causes the processor circuit to: generating a first Code Block (CB) and a second CB; mapping both the first CB and the second CB to a same set of symbols in a time domain; and causing the first CB and the second CB to be transmitted to a receiving User Equipment (UE) via a physical side link shared channel (psch).

Example 19 includes the computer-readable medium of example 18, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor circuit, further cause the processor circuit to: mapping the first CB and the second CB to different carrier groups in a frequency domain.

Example 20 includes the computer-readable medium of example 18, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor circuit, further cause the processor circuit to: mapping the first CB and the second CB to the same layer in a spatial domain.

Example 21 includes the computer-readable medium of example 18, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor circuit, further cause the processor circuit to: interleaving bits of the first CB to prevent systematic bits of the bits from being mapped to symbols punctured for Automatic Gain Control (AGC) adaptation.

Example 22 includes the computer-readable medium of example 21, wherein the symbol comprises a plurality of symbols.

Example 23 includes a computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon, which when executed by a processor circuit, causes the processor circuit to: generating a Code Block (CB), the CB including a plurality of bits; padding a first symbol in a time domain with a first portion of the plurality of bits, wherein the first symbol is not punctured for Automatic Gain Control (AGC) adaptation; padding a second symbol in a time domain with a second portion of the plurality of bits, wherein the second symbol is punctured for the AGC adaptation; and causing the first portion of the plurality of bits and the second portion of the plurality of bits to be transmitted to a recipient User Equipment (UE) via a physical side link shared channel (psch).

Example 24 includes the computer-readable medium of example 23, wherein the first portion of the plurality of bits is the same as the second portion of the plurality of bits.

Example 25 includes the computer-readable medium of example 23, wherein the first portion of the plurality of bits is different from the second portion of the plurality of bits.

Example 26 includes the computer-readable medium of example 25, wherein the second portion of the plurality of bits is indicated by a Redundancy Version (RV) different from a RV of the first portion of the plurality of bits.

Example 27 includes the computer-readable medium of example 23, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor circuit, further cause the processor circuit to: activating padding of the second symbol with the second portion of the plurality of bits based on a resource pool configuration or Sidelink Control Information (SCI).

Example 28 includes the computer-readable medium of any one of examples 23 to 27, wherein the first symbol comprises a plurality of symbols and/or the second symbol comprises a plurality of symbols.

Example 29 includes a computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon, which when executed by a processor circuit, causes the processor circuit to: generating a Transport Block (TB) comprising a plurality of Code Blocks (CBs); mapping a first CB of the plurality of CBs to symbols in a time domain, wherein the symbols are punctured for Automatic Gain Control (AGC) adaptation; cause the TB with the first CB in the symbol to be transmitted to a receiving User Equipment (UE) via a physical side link shared channel (PSSCH); mapping a second CB of the plurality of CBs to the symbol, the second CB being different from the first CB; causing the TB with the second CB in the symbol to be retransmitted to the recipient UE via the PSSCH.

Example 30 includes the computer-readable medium of example 29, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor circuit, further cause the processor circuit to: determining the second CB based on an index of the first CB, a total number of the plurality of CBs in the TB, and a shift value, wherein the shift value is configured based on a transmission and reception resource pool of the TB.

Example 31 includes the computer-readable medium of examples 29 or 30, wherein the symbol comprises a plurality of symbols.

Example 32 includes a method for a User Equipment (UE), the method comprising: generating a first Code Block (CB) and a second CB; mapping both the first CB and the second CB to a same set of symbols in a time domain; and transmitting the first CB and the second CB to a recipient UE via a physical side link shared channel (psch).

Example 33 includes the method of example 32, further comprising: mapping the first CB and the second CB to different carrier groups in a frequency domain.

Example 34 includes the method of example 32, further comprising: mapping the first CB and the second CB to the same layer in a spatial domain.

Example 35 includes the method of example 32, further comprising: interleaving bits of the first CB to prevent systematic bits of the bits from being mapped to symbols punctured for Automatic Gain Control (AGC) adaptation.

Example 36 includes the method of example 35, wherein the symbol comprises a plurality of symbols.

Example 37 includes a method for a User Equipment (UE), the method comprising: generating a Code Block (CB), the CB including a plurality of bits; padding a first symbol in a time domain with a first portion of the plurality of bits, wherein the first symbol is not punctured for Automatic Gain Control (AGC) adaptation; padding a second symbol in a time domain with a second portion of the plurality of bits, wherein the second symbol is punctured for the AGC adaptation; and transmitting the first portion of the plurality of bits and the second portion of the plurality of bits to a recipient UE via a physical side link shared channel (psch).

Example 38 includes the method of example 37, wherein the first portion of the plurality of bits is the same as the second portion of the plurality of bits.

Example 39 includes the method of example 37, wherein the first portion of the plurality of bits is different from the second portion of the plurality of bits.

Example 40 includes the method of example 39, wherein the second portion of the plurality of bits is indicated by a Redundancy Version (RV) different from a RV of the first portion of the plurality of bits.

Example 41 includes the method of example 37, further comprising: activating padding of the second symbol with the second portion of the plurality of bits based on a resource pool configuration or Sidelink Control Information (SCI).

Example 42 includes the method of any one of examples 37 to 41, wherein the first symbol comprises a plurality of symbols and/or the second symbol comprises a plurality of symbols.

Example 43 includes a method for a User Equipment (UE), the method comprising: generating a Transport Block (TB) comprising a plurality of Code Blocks (CBs); mapping a first CB of the plurality of CBs to symbols in a time domain, wherein the symbols are punctured for Automatic Gain Control (AGC) adaptation; transmitting the TB with the first CB in the symbol to a recipient UE via a physical side link shared channel (PSSCH); mapping a second CB of the plurality of CBs to the symbol, the second CB being different from the first CB; retransmitting the TB with the second CB in the symbol to the recipient UE via the PSSCH.

Example 44 includes the method of example 43, further comprising: determining the second CB based on an index of the first CB, a total number of the plurality of CBs in the TB, and a shift value, wherein the shift value is configured based on a transmission and reception resource pool of the TB.

Example 45 includes the method of example 43 or 44, wherein the symbol comprises a plurality of symbols.

Example 46 includes an apparatus for a User Equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: means for generating a first Code Block (CB) and a second CB; means for mapping both the first CB and the second CB to a same set of symbols in a time domain; and means for transmitting the first CB and the second CB to a recipient UE via a physical side link shared channel (PSSCH).

Example 47 includes the apparatus of example 46, further comprising: means for mapping the first CB and the second CB to different carrier groups in a frequency domain.

Example 48 includes the apparatus of example 46, further comprising: means for mapping the first CB and the second CB to a same layer in a spatial domain.

Example 49 includes the apparatus of example 46, further comprising: means for interleaving bits of the first CB to prevent systematic bits of the bits from being mapped to symbols punctured for Automatic Gain Control (AGC) adaptation.

Example 50 includes the apparatus of example 49, wherein the symbol comprises a plurality of symbols.

Example 51 includes an apparatus for a User Equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: means for generating a Code Block (CB), the CB comprising a plurality of bits; means for padding a first symbol in a time domain with a first portion of the plurality of bits, wherein the first symbol is not punctured for Automatic Gain Control (AGC) adaptation; means for padding a second symbol in the time domain with a second portion of the plurality of bits, wherein the second symbol is punctured for the AGC adaptation; and means for transmitting the first portion of the plurality of bits and the second portion of the plurality of bits to a recipient UE via a physical side link shared channel (psch).

Example 52 includes the apparatus of example 51, wherein the first portion of the plurality of bits is the same as the second portion of the plurality of bits.

Example 53 includes the apparatus of example 51, wherein the first portion of the plurality of bits is different from the second portion of the plurality of bits.

Example 54 includes the apparatus of example 53, wherein the second portion of the plurality of bits is indicated by a Redundancy Version (RV) different from a RV of the first portion of the plurality of bits.

Example 55 includes the apparatus of example 51, further comprising: means for activating padding of the second symbol with the second portion of the plurality of bits based on a resource pool configuration or side link control information (SCI).

Example 56 includes the apparatus of any one of examples 51 to 55, wherein the first symbol comprises a plurality of symbols and/or the second symbol comprises a plurality of symbols.

Example 57 includes an apparatus for a User Equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: means for generating a Transport Block (TB), the TB comprising a plurality of Code Blocks (CBs); means for mapping a first CB of the plurality of CBs to symbols in a time domain, wherein the symbols are punctured for Automatic Gain Control (AGC) adaptation; means for transmitting the TB with the first CB in the symbol to a recipient UE via a physical side link shared channel (PSSCH); means for mapping a second CB of the plurality of CBs to the symbol, the second CB being different from the first CB; means for retransmitting the TB with the second CB in the symbol to the recipient UE via the PSSCH.

Example 58 includes the apparatus of example 57, further comprising: means for determining the second CB to use based on an index of the first CB, a total number of the plurality of CBs in the TB, and a shift value, wherein the shift value is configured based on a transmission and reception resource pool of the TB.

Example 59 includes the apparatus of examples 57 or 58, wherein the symbol comprises a plurality of symbols.

Example 60 includes a User Equipment (UE) as described and illustrated in the specification.

Example 61 includes a method performed at a User Equipment (UE) as described and illustrated in the specification.

Although certain embodiments have been illustrated and described herein for purposes of description, various alternative and/or equivalent embodiments or implementations calculated to achieve the same purposes may be substituted for the embodiments shown and described without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. This application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the embodiments discussed herein. Therefore, it is manifestly intended that the embodiments described herein be limited only by the claims and the equivalents thereof.