阅读说明：本技术 提高航空发动机短舱进气道抗侧风能力的装置和方法 (Device and method for improving crosswind resistance of air inlet channel of nacelle of aircraft engine ) 是由 骆广琦 王玉东 吴明峰 郑恒 赵运生 斯夏依 于 2019-10-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：提高航空发动机短舱进气道抗侧风能力的装置和方法,其中的装置包括在风扇的下游位置设置的高压气源的引气口、位于短舱进气道唇口的集气腔、将高压空气引到所述集气腔的导管、与所述集气腔相通的空气喷射孔,在短舱进气道的迎风面唇口内壁面和进气道下缘唇口边缘分别布置多个所述空气喷射孔,在所述迎风面唇口内壁面的所述空气喷射孔被构造成喷射气流以提高进气道内壁面分离气团的流动速度；在所述进气道下缘唇口边缘的所述空气喷射孔被构造成喷射气流以阻断地面涡。(The device comprises a bleed port of a high-pressure air source, a gas collecting cavity, a guide pipe and air injection holes, wherein the bleed port is arranged at the downstream position of a fan, the gas collecting cavity is positioned at the lip of the air inlet of the nacelle, the guide pipe guides high-pressure air to the gas collecting cavity, the air injection holes are communicated with the gas collecting cavity, the air injection holes are respectively arranged on the inner wall surface of the lip of the windward side of the air inlet of the nacelle and the edge of the lip of the lower edge of the air inlet, and the air injection holes on the inner wall surface of the lip of the windward side are constructed to inject airflow so as to improve the flow speed of separated air mass on the inner wall surface of the; the air injection hole at the air inlet lower edge lip edge is configured to inject an air flow to block ground vortex.)

1. The device for improving the crosswind resistance of the air inlet channel of the nacelle of the aircraft engine is characterized by comprising an air bleed port of a high-pressure air source, an air collection cavity, a guide pipe and air injection holes, wherein the air bleed port is arranged at the downstream position of a fan, the air collection cavity is positioned at the lip of the air inlet channel of the nacelle, the guide pipe guides high-pressure air to the air collection cavity, the air injection holes are communicated with the air collection cavity, the air injection holes are respectively distributed on the inner wall surface of the lip of the windward side of the air inlet channel and the edge of the lip of the lower edge of the air inlet channel, and the air injection holes on the inner wall surface of the lip of the windward; the air injection hole at the air inlet lower edge lip edge is configured to inject an air flow to block ground vortex.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a controllable actuating mechanism disposed in a bleed air passage defined by the bleed air port, the plenum, and the conduit, the actuating mechanism configured to control opening and closing of the bleed air port.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said air injection holes in said inner wall surface of said windward lip are located at the position of maximum convergent curvature of said inner wall surface of said air intake in the axial direction, thereby being close to the lip leading edge, and the injection direction thereof is at an angle γ with respect to the central axis of said engine, 10 ° < γ <20 °.

4. The apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein said air injection holes in said inner wall surface of said windward lip are arranged circumferentially symmetrically along an engine intake horizontal line at an included angle β of 120 ° < β <180 °.

5. The device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the air injection holes on the inner wall surface of the lip on the windward side have a diameter of 1.5 to 2cm and are staggered in 3 to 4 rows in the circumferential direction.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said air injection holes in said inner wall surface of said windward lip are axially located at a leading edge of said inlet lip and are circumferentially symmetrically arranged along a vertical line perpendicular to said engine inlet at an included angle α of 60 ° < α <120 °.

7. The device as claimed in claim 6, wherein the air injection holes on the inner wall surface of the lip on the windward side have a diameter of 2 to 3.5cm and are arranged in a single row in the circumferential direction.

8. A method for improving the lateral wind resistance of an air inlet channel of a nacelle of an aircraft engine, comprising:

providing bleed air;

a plurality of air injection holes are respectively arranged on the inner wall surface of a windward face lip of the air inlet channel of the nacelle and the edge of a lower edge lip of the air inlet channel;

the bleed air is introduced to the air injection hole, so that the air flow is injected on the inner wall surface of the lip of the windward side to improve the flow speed of the separated air mass on the inner wall surface of the air inlet; and injecting air flow at the edge of the lower edge lip of the air inlet channel to block ground vortex.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein control means are provided for controlling the opening and closing of the bleed air to close the bleed air when cross wind is low, to maintain high engine performance, and to open the bleed air when cross wind is high, to improve cross wind resistance of the engine.

10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the bleed air speed is an air flow of not less than 120-150 m/s.

Technical Field

The invention relates to an aircraft engine, in particular to a device and a method for resisting crosswind capacity of an air inlet channel of a nacelle of the aircraft engine.

Background

Wind is a natural meteorological phenomenon and is also one of the atmospheric environmental conditions that affect the operation of civil aircraft. The positional relationship of the wind direction to the aircraft and the engine, and the definition of the crosswind are shown in fig. 1, where fig. 1 shows the engine 1, the tail wind direction 11, the crosswind direction 13, the crosswind direction 12, the crosswind angle a, and the engine axis a1, respectively.

For civil aircraft adopting a nacelle air inlet, the cross wind can cause airflow to flow around the lip of the air inlet nacelle, so that airflow separation clusters are generated on the inner wall surface of the nacelle air inlet on the windward side of the cross wind, the speed of the separation clusters is low, the total pressure is small, and the pressure distortion of the airflow at the outlet of the nacelle is caused. The civil bypass is closer to The ground than The lower edge OF The lip OF The turbofan Engine, and may cause ground suction effect, further aggravating The degree OF intake pressure distortion (see The literature, "cross Effects on Engine intakes: The Inlet Vortex, j ournal OF air compressor, vol.47, No. 2.) The intake pressure distortion OF The Engine may cause The reduction OF The stable working margin OF The compression components such as fan, boost stage, high-pressure compressor, etc. when The intake pressure distortion exceeds a certain threshold, The compression components may not work stably, enter The working states such as surge, stall, etc. to increase The Engine vibration, increase The exhaust temperature, and may cause mechanical damage to The Engine in severe cases, even stop The Engine, in order to prevent The intake distortion from being too high to cause The abnormal operation OF The Engine, The civil AIRCRAFT generally has strict requirements OF side wind envelope as shown in fig. 2, fig. 2 shows a positive wind direction 14, a crosswind direction range 15, and a tailwind direction 11, where a pattern 21 is an unrestricted region, a pattern 22 is a glide-take region, and a pattern 23 is an emergency operation region. The crosswind direction and speed limit required by the aircraft normal work specialty is specified. If the crosswind condition is outside the range of the aircraft crosswind envelope, then measures must be taken to change the mode of operation of the aircraft/engine, or to stop the aircraft. Changing the operating mode of the aircraft/engine increases the operating difficulty for the pilot, increases the operating time of the engine; a stop flight may directly result in delayed or cancelled flights, reducing the reputation and profit levels of the airline.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a device for improving the cross wind resistance of an air inlet channel of a nacelle of an aircraft engine.

Another object of the invention is a method for increasing the lateral wind resistance of an air intake duct of a nacelle of an aircraft engine.

A device for improving the crosswind resistance of an air inlet channel of a nacelle of an aircraft engine comprises an air bleed port of a high-pressure air source, an air collection cavity, a guide pipe and air injection holes, wherein the air bleed port is arranged at the downstream position of a fan, the air collection cavity is positioned at a lip of the air inlet channel of the nacelle, the guide pipe guides high-pressure air to the air collection cavity, the air injection holes are communicated with the air collection cavity, the air injection holes are respectively arranged on the inner wall surface of the lip on the windward side of the air inlet channel and the edge of the lip on the lower edge of the air inlet channel, and the air injection holes on the inner wall surface of the lip on the windward side are; the air injection hole at the air inlet lower edge lip edge is configured to inject an air flow to block ground vortex.

In one or more embodiments of the device, the device further comprises an actuating mechanism arranged at the bleed port and controlled by a solenoid valve, and the actuating mechanism is configured to control the opening and closing of the bleed port.

In one or more embodiments of the device, the air injection hole on the inner wall surface of the lip on the windward side is located at the position where the inner wall surface of the air inlet has the maximum contraction curvature in the axial direction, so that the air injection hole is close to the front edge of the lip, and the injection direction of the air injection hole forms an included angle gamma with the central axis of the engine, wherein the included angle gamma is 10 degrees < gamma <20 degrees.

In one or more embodiments of the device, the air injection holes on the inner wall surface of the windward side lip are symmetrically arranged along the horizontal line of the engine inlet in the circumferential direction, and the included angle of the arrangement range is beta, and 120 degrees < beta <180 degrees.

In one or more embodiments of the device, the diameter of the air injection holes on the inner wall surface of the lip of the windward side is 1.5-2 cm, and the air injection holes are arranged in 3-4 rows in a staggered mode along the circumferential direction.

In one or more embodiments of the device, the air injection holes on the inner wall surface of the windward lip are located at the front edge of the inlet lip along the axial direction, the air injection holes are symmetrically arranged along the vertical line of the engine inlet in the circumferential direction, and the included angle of the arrangement range is alpha, and 60 degrees < alpha <120 degrees.

In one or more embodiments of the device, the diameter of the air injection hole on the inner wall surface of the lip of the windward side is 2-3.5 cm, and the air injection holes are arranged in a single row along the circumferential direction.

A method of increasing the lateral wind resistance of an air intake duct of a nacelle of an aircraft engine, comprising:

providing bleed air;

a plurality of air injection holes are respectively arranged on the inner wall surface of a windward face lip of the air inlet channel of the nacelle and the edge of a lower edge lip of the air inlet channel;

the bleed air is introduced to the air injection hole, so that the air flow is injected on the inner wall surface of the lip of the windward side to improve the flow speed of the separated air mass on the inner wall surface of the air inlet; and injecting air flow at the edge of the lower edge lip of the air inlet channel to block ground vortex.

According to one or more embodiments of the method, a control mechanism for controlling the opening and closing of the bleed air is provided, the bleed air is closed when the crosswind is low, the high-performance state of the engine is kept, and the bleed air is opened when the crosswind is high, so that the crosswind resistance of the engine is improved.

According to one or more embodiments of the method, the bleed air speed is not less than 120-150 m/s of airflow.

The air injection holes on the inner wall surface of the windward lip are configured to inject airflow so as to improve the flow speed of the separated air mass on the inner wall surface of the air inlet; the air jet holes at the lip edge of the lower edge of the air inlet channel are constructed to jet air flow so as to block ground vortex, so that the air jet structure can greatly reduce the air flow separation of the inner wall surface of the air inlet channel caused by crosswind and the air flow separation of the lower lip of the air inlet channel caused by ground effect, reduce the air flow pressure distortion index of the air inlet channel, greatly improve the crosswind resistance of the air inlet channel of the engine nacelle, enlarge the crosswind envelope range of an airplane, improve the environmental adaptability and the operation capability of the airplane, and has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation and control, convenient implementation and less influence on the performance and the weight of.

The comparative calculation of a certain typical air inlet shows that the AIP section distortion index IDCMAX of the air inlet in the typical state (35-section crosswind and takeoff power state) can be reduced by more than 40%.

Drawings

The above and other features, properties and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description of the embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

fig. 1 is a schematic view illustrating a crosswind concept.

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a typical engine crosswind envelope.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an arrangement according to the invention for improving the cross-wind resistance of an air intake of a nacelle of an aircraft engine.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the air collection chamber and air injection holes.

Fig. 5 is a view of the axial position of the air injection hole.

Fig. 6 is a position diagram of an air injection hole in the inner wall surface of the lip on the windward side of the air intake duct.

FIG. 7 is a view showing an arrangement of air injection holes in an inner wall surface of a lip on a windward side of an intake duct.

FIG. 8 is a view showing the position of the air injection holes at the lower lip edge of the air inlet.

Detailed Description

The following discloses many different embodiments or examples for implementing the subject technology described. Specific examples of components and arrangements are described below to simplify the present disclosure, but these are merely examples and do not limit the scope of the invention. For example, if a first feature is formed over or on a second feature described later in the specification, this may include embodiments in which the first and second features are formed in direct contact, and may also include embodiments in which additional features are formed between the first and second features, such that the first and second features may not be in direct contact. Additionally, reference numerals and/or letters may be repeated among the various examples throughout this disclosure. This repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity and does not in itself dictate a relationship between the various embodiments and/or configurations discussed. Further, when a first element is described as being coupled or coupled to a second element, the description includes embodiments in which the first and second elements are directly coupled or coupled to each other, as well as embodiments in which one or more additional intervening elements are added to indirectly couple or couple the first and second elements to each other.

As shown in fig. 3, the device for improving the crosswind resistance of the air inlet of the nacelle 9 of the aircraft engine comprises an air bleed port 2 of a high-pressure air source, an air collecting chamber 4 located at the lip of the air inlet of the nacelle, a conduit 3 for leading high-pressure air to the air collecting chamber 4, and air injection holes communicated with the air collecting chamber 4, wherein a plurality of air injection holes 5 and 6 are respectively arranged on the inner wall surface 91 of the windward lip of the air inlet of the nacelle and the edge 93 of the lower edge lip of the air inlet, and the air injection holes 5 on the inner wall surface 91 of the windward lip are configured to inject air flow so as to improve the flow speed of separated air mass on the inner wall surface of the air inlet; the air injection holes 6 at the inlet lower edge lip edge 93 are configured to inject air flow to block ground vortex.

Therefore, when high-pressure air behind the fan is ejected out from the air injection hole at a high speed, the air flow separation of the inner wall of the air inlet channel caused by crosswind and the air flow separation of the inlet of the air inlet channel caused by the ground vortex effect can be simultaneously inhibited, so that the purpose of reducing the air inlet distortion index of the section of the inlet (the inlet of the engine) of the nacelle is achieved under the condition of large crosswind.

An optional implementation mode is that an actuating mechanism 7 is arranged in the air injection gas path, and can be switched on and off manually or automatically according to actual use conditions, and the bleed air is closed when the crosswind is small, so that the high-performance state of the engine is kept; and when the crosswind is large, the bleed air is opened, so that the crosswind resistance of the engine is improved.

One embodiment is shown in fig. 3-8. Fig. 3 and 5 are schematic views of the engine as mirror images along the engine axis a1, and therefore the windward lip inner wall surface 91 is downward and the nacelle outer wall surface 92 is upward, and fig. 4 corresponds to the actual position of the engine.

Fig. 3 shows the rear fan bleed port 2, which is located on the inner wall surface of the rear outer duct of the fan, for leading out high-pressure air of the outer duct.

The actuating mechanism 7 for opening and closing the bleed air is positioned between the bleed air port behind the fan 1 and the bleed air pipeline 3, is a mechanical mechanism controlled by an electric signal and is used for opening or closing the bleed air. Typical mechanical mechanisms include a bleed belt, a bleed valve, and the like.

The bleed air line 3 serves to lead air from the rear fan bleed air port 2 into the air collecting chamber 4, the fan position being shown in fig. 3 and comprising fan blades 82, the fan blades 82 being arranged on the downstream side of the inlet cone 81.

The air collecting cavity 4 is used for collecting air from the guide pipe 3 and distributing the air to an air injection hole 5 on the inner wall surface of the lip on the windward side of the air inlet and an air injection hole 6 on the lip edge of the lower edge of the air inlet.

The specific arrangement mode of the air injection holes 5 on the inner wall surface of the lip on the windward side of the air inlet channel is determined according to the air inlet channel configuration of the engine nacelle and the air flow of the engine at the design point. A typical arrangement is: as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the position where the contraction curvature of the inner wall surface of the air inlet is the largest in the axial direction and is as close to the lip leading edge 93 as possible is included at an angle γ (10 ° < γ <20 °) with respect to the central axis of the engine, and this position is advantageous for better reduction of the flow separation of the inner wall surface of the air inlet caused by the crosswind.

Further, as shown in fig. 6, the air injection holes 5 of the inner wall surface of the lip of the air intake surface on the inner side of the windward surface 51 are arranged circumferentially symmetrically along the horizontal line h of the engine inlet at an angle β (120 ° < β <180 °). Due to the arrangement, the separation of the airflow on the inner wall surface of the air inlet caused by crosswind a3 is favorably reduced, the pressure distortion index of the airflow of the air inlet is reduced, the crosswind resistance of the air inlet of the engine nacelle is greatly improved, and the crosswind envelope range of the airplane is enlarged.

As shown in FIG. 7, the air injection holes have a diameter of 1.5-2 cm and are staggered in 3-4 rows along the axial direction or the engine air intake direction a 2. The arrangement is favorable for enabling the flow velocity of the jet air flow to be uniform and enabling the flow velocity to reach a set value, and therefore air flow separation of the inner wall surface of the air inlet channel caused by cross wind is reduced in a better mode.

The specific arrangement of the air injection holes 6 at the lower edge lip edge of the air inlet channel depends on the air inlet channel configuration of the engine nacelle, the air flow of the engine design point and the ground clearance of the engine air inlet channel. A typical arrangement is: the front edge of the lip of the air inlet is positioned in the axial direction; as shown in fig. 8, the circumferential direction is symmetrically arranged along the engine inlet plumb line v at an angle α (60 ° < α <120 °), which can cope with the ground vortex within a preferable range. In addition, the diameter of the air injection hole is 2-3.5 cm, the air injection holes are arranged in a single row, and the air flow separation of the lower lip of the air inlet channel caused by the ground effect can be responded by the arrangement of a simple structure.

It should be noted that, for different air inlet/engine schemes, because air inlet configurations, engine operating states, air inlet height above ground, side wind operating requirements, etc. are different, the positions, arrangement, injection angles, opening sizes, etc. of air injection holes may vary, and the control mechanism for opening and closing bleed air may not be limited to the modes of bleed air zone, bleed air valve, etc., and the examples given in the above embodiments are only exemplary data for understanding the patent contents.

From the foregoing embodiments, it can also be appreciated a method of increasing the wind resistance of an air intake of a nacelle of an aircraft engine, comprising:

providing bleed air, which is generally selectable from between a movable blade and a stationary blade of the compressor;

a plurality of air injection holes are respectively arranged on the inner wall surface of a windward face lip of the air inlet channel of the nacelle and the edge of a lower edge lip of the air inlet channel;

the bleed air is introduced to the air injection hole, so that the air flow is injected on the inner wall surface of the lip of the windward side to improve the flow speed of the separated air mass on the inner wall surface of the air inlet; and injecting air flow at the edge of the lower edge lip of the air inlet channel to block ground vortex.

A preferred embodiment provides a control mechanism for controlling the opening and closing of the bleed air, the bleed air is closed when the crosswind is low, the high-performance state of the engine is maintained, and the bleed air is opened when the crosswind is high, so that the crosswind resistance of the engine is improved.

A preferred embodiment configures the bleed air velocity to be not less than 120-150 m/s of airflow. The pressure ratio of the fan of the engine with the large bypass ratio is generally 1.3-1.6, and the ejector airflow with the speed not less than 120-150 m/s can be formed by considering the pipeline loss, so that the flowing speed and the pressure of the separated airflow can be effectively improved; meanwhile, the exhaust resistance of the fan culvert spray pipe is reduced, and the working stability of the fan can be effectively improved.

Although the present invention has been disclosed in terms of the preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the invention, and variations and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, any modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention, unless the technical essence of the present invention departs from the content of the present invention.