阅读说明：本技术 一种毫米波宽带贴片天线 (Millimeter wave broadband patch antenna ) 是由 孟春梅 陈玲 宋为佳 于 2020-12-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种毫米波宽带贴片天线,涉及天线技术领域,该天线在介质基板上表面刻蚀形成金属条带与E型贴片,两者同层可使天线产生额外的谐振从而拓展天线带宽,同时能明显简化天线结构,降低天线剖面高度,从而减小天线体积；介质基板上表面的表面金属环、下表面的金属接地层以及介质基板内的金属柱形成基片集成背腔,可在拓展天线带宽的同时有效抑制天线表面波损耗,提高天线辐射效率,同轴馈电金属柱穿过介质基板为天线辐射体馈电,使得E型贴片、金属条带和基片集成背腔在不同频点产生三个谐振拓展天线带宽,使得天线的性能更优良。(The invention discloses a millimeter wave broadband patch antenna, which relates to the technical field of antennas, wherein a metal strip and an E-shaped patch are etched on the upper surface of a dielectric substrate, and the metal strip and the E-shaped patch can enable the antenna to generate extra resonance on the same layer so as to expand the bandwidth of the antenna, obviously simplify the structure of the antenna and reduce the section height of the antenna, thereby reducing the volume of the antenna; the surface metal ring on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, the metal grounding layer on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate and the metal column in the dielectric substrate form a substrate integrated back cavity, the surface wave loss of the antenna can be effectively inhibited while the bandwidth of the antenna is expanded, the radiation efficiency of the antenna is improved, the coaxial feed metal column penetrates through the dielectric substrate to feed the antenna radiator, three resonances are generated by the E-shaped patch, the metal strip and the substrate integrated back cavity at different frequency points to expand the bandwidth of the antenna, and the performance of the antenna is better.)

1. The millimeter wave broadband patch antenna is characterized by comprising a dielectric substrate (1) with metal layers covered on two sides, wherein the metal layer on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate (1) is formed into a metal grounding layer (2), the metal layer on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate (1) is etched to form a surface circuit layer (3), the surface circuit layer (3) comprises an antenna radiator and a surface metal ring (4), and the antenna radiator comprises an E-shaped patch (5) and a metal strip (6);

a plurality of metal columns (7) which are periodically arranged are distributed in the dielectric substrate (1), one end of each metal column (7) is connected with the surface metal ring (4), the other end of each metal column is connected with the metal grounding layer (2), and the surface metal ring (4), the metal columns (7) and the metal grounding layer (2) form a substrate integrated back cavity;

the coaxial feed metal column (8) penetrates through a hole formed in the metal grounding layer (2) and the dielectric substrate (1) feeds the antenna radiating body, and the E-shaped patch (5), the metal strip (6) and the substrate integrated back cavity generate three resonances at different frequency points.

2. The millimeter-wave broadband patch antenna according to claim 1, wherein the middle branch of the E-shaped patch (5) is recessed with respect to the two side branches, and the metal strip (6) is embedded in the E-shaped patch (5) at the recessed position of the middle branch of the E-shaped patch (5) with respect to the two side branches.

3. The millimeter-wave broadband patch antenna according to claim 2, wherein the coaxial feed metal post (8) penetrates through the dielectric substrate (2) through a hole formed in the metal ground layer (2) and is connected to the metal strip (6), and energy is fed to the metal strip (6) through the coaxial feed metal post (8) and coupled to the E-type patch (5).

4. The millimeter-wave wideband patch antenna according to claim 1, wherein the surface metal ring (4) is in a rectangular ring structure and is located at the outer edge of the antenna radiator.

5. The millimeter wave broadband patch antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that the metal posts (7) in the dielectric substrate (1) are periodically arranged at equal intervals along the rectangular side of the surface metal ring (4), and all the metal posts (7) are arranged to form a rectangular structure.

6. The millimeter wave broadband patch antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the dielectric substrate (1) is an RT5880 double-sided copper-clad plate with a dielectric constant of 2.2 and a loss tangent angle of 0.0009.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a millimeter wave broadband patch antenna.

Background

With the increasing demand for broadband, high-speed communication and planar integrated antennas, the millimeter wave broadband patch antenna is applied to the technical field of military and space communication due to the characteristics of light weight, small volume, easy conformality, good propagation characteristics and the like under the weather conditions of fog, snow and the like. However, the conventional patch antenna has a narrow bandwidth, which greatly limits its application range. However, in the existing design method for expanding the bandwidth of the patch antenna, most of the existing design methods have the problems of limited antenna bandwidth expansion, complex antenna structure, large volume and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

The inventor provides a millimeter wave broadband patch antenna aiming at the problems and the technical requirements, and the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a millimeter wave broadband patch antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, wherein metal layers are covered on two sides of the dielectric substrate, the metal layers on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate form a metal grounding layer, the metal layers on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate are etched to form a surface circuit layer, the surface circuit layer comprises an antenna radiator and a surface metal ring, and the antenna radiator comprises an E-shaped patch and a metal strip;

a plurality of metal columns which are periodically arranged are distributed in the dielectric substrate, one end of each metal column is connected with the surface metal ring, the other end of each metal column is connected with the metal grounding layer, and the surface metal ring, the metal columns and the metal grounding layer form a substrate integrated back cavity;

the coaxial feed metal column penetrates through the dielectric substrate through a hole formed in the metal grounding layer to feed the antenna radiator, and the E-shaped patch, the metal strip and the substrate integrated back cavity generate three resonances at different frequency points.

The further technical scheme is that the middle branch of the E-shaped patch is of a concave structure relative to the two side branches, and the metal strip is located at the concave structure formed by the middle branch of the E-shaped patch relative to the two side branches to form a structure embedded in the E-shaped patch.

The further technical scheme is that the coaxial feed metal column penetrates through the dielectric substrate through a hole formed in the metal grounding layer and is connected with the metal strip, and energy is fed to the metal strip through the coaxial feed metal column and is coupled to the E-shaped patch.

The further technical scheme is that the surface metal ring is in a rectangular ring structure and is positioned at the outer edge of the antenna radiator.

The further technical scheme is that the metal columns in the medium substrate are periodically arranged along the rectangular edge of the surface metal ring at equal intervals, and all the metal columns are arranged to form a rectangular structure.

The further technical scheme is that the dielectric substrate is an RT5880 double-sided copper-clad plate with the dielectric constant of 2.2 and the loss tangent angle of 0.0009.

The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:

the application discloses millimeter wave broadband patch antenna, this antenna form metal strip and E type paster at dielectric substrate upper surface etching, thereby both layers can make the antenna produce extra resonance and expand the antenna bandwidth, can obviously simplify antenna structure simultaneously, reduce antenna section height to reduce the antenna volume, introduce the integrated back of the body chamber of substrate in the antenna and can effectively restrain the antenna surface wave loss when expanding the antenna bandwidth, improve antenna radiation efficiency.

The E-shaped patch is further concave, so that the rectangular metal strip can be completely embedded in the E-shaped patch, the coupling between the metal strip and the E-shaped patch is enhanced, the bandwidth is expanded, and the antenna structure is more compact.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of a millimeter wave broadband patch antenna of the present application.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the surface circuit layer 3 of the millimeter wave broadband patch antenna of the present application.

Fig. 3 is a standing wave simulation curve of the millimeter wave broadband patch antenna of the present application.

Fig. 4 is a gain simulation curve of the millimeter wave broadband patch antenna of the present application.

Fig. 5 is a simulation curve of the radiation efficiency of the millimeter wave broadband patch antenna of the present application.

Fig. 6 is an antenna pattern of the millimeter wave wideband patch antenna of the present application.

Detailed Description

The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.

The application discloses millimeter wave broadband patch antenna, please refer to the side cross-sectional view shown in fig. 1, the millimeter wave broadband patch antenna includes a dielectric substrate 1 with metal layers covering on both sides, the metal layer on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 1 is formed into a metal grounding layer 2, and the metal layer on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 1 is etched to form a surface circuit layer 3. In the application, the dielectric substrate 1 is an RT5880 double-sided copper-clad plate with the dielectric constant of 2.2 and the loss tangent angle of 0.0009.

Referring to fig. 2, a schematic diagram of the surface circuit layer 3 is shown, in which the surface circuit layer 3 formed by etching the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 1 includes an antenna radiator and a surface metal ring 4. The antenna radiator comprises an E-shaped patch 5 and a metal strip 6, the E-shaped patch 5 is introduced into the same layer of the metal strip 6, so that extra resonance can be generated in the antenna, the bandwidth of the antenna is expanded, on the other hand, the E-shaped patch 5 and the metal strip 6 are etched on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 1, the structure of the antenna can be obviously simplified, the section height of the antenna is reduced, and the size of the millimeter wave broadband patch antenna is reduced.

Further, the middle branch of the E-shaped patch 5 in the present application is a concave structure relative to the two side branches, the metal strip 6 is a rectangular structure, and the metal strip 6 is located in the concave structure formed by the middle branch of the E-shaped patch 5 relative to the two side branches to form a structure embedded in the E-shaped patch 5. The structure can enhance the coupling between the E-shaped patch 5 and the metal strip 6, thereby further expanding the bandwidth and enabling the antenna structure to be more compact.

A plurality of metal columns 7 which are periodically arranged are distributed in the dielectric substrate 1, one end of each metal column 7 is connected with the surface metal ring 4, the other end of each metal column 7 is connected with the metal grounding layer 2, and the surface metal ring 4, the metal columns 7 and the metal grounding layer 2 form a substrate integrated back cavity. In the present application, as shown in fig. 2, the surface metal ring 4 has a rectangular ring structure and is located at the outer edge of the antenna radiator. The metal posts 7 in the dielectric substrate 1 are periodically arranged along the rectangular side of the surface metal ring 4 at equal intervals, and all the metal posts 7 are arranged to form a rectangular structure, as shown in the schematic diagram of fig. 2. By introducing the substrate integrated back cavity into the millimeter wave broadband patch antenna, the bandwidth of the antenna can be expanded, the surface wave loss of the antenna can be effectively inhibited, and the radiation efficiency of the antenna is improved.

The coaxial feed metal post 8 passes through the dielectric substrate 1 through a hole opened on the metal grounding layer 2 to feed the antenna radiator. Based on the structure that the metal strip 6 is embedded in the E-type patch 5, the coaxial feeding metal column 8 penetrates through the dielectric substrate 1 and is connected with the metal strip 6 through a hole formed in the metal grounding layer 2.

Energy is fed to the metal strip 6 through the coaxial feed metal column 8 and coupled to the E-shaped patch 5, so that the millimeter wave broadband patch antenna generates three resonances at different frequency points to expand the bandwidth of the antenna, and the three resonances of the antenna are generated by the E-shaped patch 5, the metal strip 6 and the substrate integrated back cavity respectively.

Based on the structure of the application, the millimeter wave broadband patch antenna can effectively expand the antenna bandwidth to 38.2% (VSWR is less than or equal to 2), and meanwhile, the antenna has good gain and high radiation efficiency (87% -97%) in a working frequency band (42 GHz-62 GHz), and is simple in structure and small in size. The standing wave simulation curve of the millimeter wave broadband patch antenna is shown in fig. 3, the gain simulation curve is shown in fig. 4, the radiation efficiency simulation curve is shown in fig. 5, and the antenna directional pattern is shown in fig. 6.

Moreover, the performance of the millimeter wave broadband patch antenna is convenient to regulate and control: the working bandwidth of the antenna can be regulated and controlled by changing the sizes of the E-type patch 5, the metal strip 6 and the substrate integrated back cavity. The matching degree of the millimeter wave broadband patch antenna can be regulated and controlled by regulating the position of the metal strip 6 embedded in the E-shaped patch 5 and/or regulating the position of the coaxial feed metal column 8 on the metal strip 6.

What has been described above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. It is to be understood that other modifications and variations directly derivable or suggested by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and concept of the present invention are to be considered as included within the scope of the present invention.