阅读说明：本技术 基于离散周期单元sspp模的单端口高阶oam辐射器 (Single-port high-order OAM radiator based on SSPP (discrete cycle unit) mode ) 是由 李伟文 张磊 卢江峰 杨雨琛 杨曦 乔迁 于 2020-12-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：基于离散周期单元SSPP模的单端口高阶OAM辐射器,涉及天线领域。包括高频介质板和金属贴片；金属贴片部分依次分为共面波导、共面波导向周期性SSPP波导过渡部分、周期性SSPP波导、周期性SSPP波导向辐射环过渡部分和辐射环；所述共面波导、共面波导向周期性SSPP波导过渡部分、周期性SSPP波导共同组成一个SSPP的激励与传输结构；周期性SSPP波导向辐射环过渡部分和辐射环共同组成环形OAM辐射器,辐射源直接来自于离散周期单元,利用SSPP直接产生涡旋辐射。整体贴片结构小型化、易集成。能在1Ghz宽带范围内产生11、12阶OAM。有望应用于第六代无线通信,提高无线通信系统频谱效率和容量。(A single-port high-order OAM radiator based on a discrete period unit SSPP mode relates to the field of antennas. Comprises a high-frequency dielectric plate and a metal patch; the metal patch part is sequentially divided into a coplanar waveguide, a transition part from the coplanar waveguide to a periodic SSPP waveguide, a transition part from the periodic SSPP waveguide to a radiation ring and a radiation ring; the coplanar waveguide, the transition part from the coplanar waveguide to the periodic SSPP waveguide and the periodic SSPP waveguide jointly form an SSPP excitation and transmission structure; the transition part of the periodic SSPP waveguide to the radiation ring and the radiation ring jointly form an annular OAM radiator, a radiation source directly comes from a discrete periodic unit, and vortex radiation is directly generated by utilizing SSPP. The whole patch structure is miniaturized and easy to integrate. Can generate 11 and 12-order OAM in the 1Ghz broadband range. The method is expected to be applied to sixth generation wireless communication, and the spectrum efficiency and capacity of a wireless communication system are improved.)

1. The single-port high-order OAM radiator based on the SSPP mode of the discrete period unit is characterized by comprising a high-frequency dielectric plate and a metal patch; the metal patch part is sequentially divided into a coplanar waveguide, a transition part from the coplanar waveguide to a periodic SSPP waveguide, a transition part from the periodic SSPP waveguide to a radiation ring and a radiation ring; the coplanar waveguide, the transition part from the coplanar waveguide to the periodic SSPP waveguide and the periodic SSPP waveguide jointly form an SSPP excitation and transmission structure and are simultaneously used as a feed network of an OAM radiator; the periodic SSPP waveguide transition part and the radiation ring jointly form an annular OAM radiator, a radiation source directly comes from a discrete periodic unit, and vortex radiation is directly generated by utilizing SSPP.

2. The single port high-order OAM radiator as recited in claim 1, wherein said high-frequency dielectric slab is formed of FR4 high-frequency dielectric substrate having a dielectric constant ∈ 2.2.

3. The single-port high-order OAM radiator as recited in claim 1, wherein said coplanar waveguide is comprised of a center conductor and two side ground planes, and is adapted to be soldered to an external SMA adapter to convert a radio frequency signal source into an electromagnetic field distribution on a dielectric slab.

4. The single-port high-order OAM radiator as recited in claim 1, wherein said coplanar waveguide periodic SSPP waveguide transition section is comprised of structural elements with gradually varied depth of the groove and elliptical ground planes on both sides; the coplanar waveguide periodic SSPP waveguide transition part is used for realizing mode conversion between the coplanar waveguide and the periodic SSPP waveguide structure.

5. The single-port high-order OAM radiator based on the discrete periodic-element SSPP mode of claim 1, wherein said periodic SSPP waveguide is comprised of a plurality of periodic arrangements of structural elements having a seamless structure for enabling efficient transmission of SSPP.

6. The single port high-order OAM radiator as recited in claim 1, wherein said periodic SSPP waveguide transitions into a radiating ring rotated by a structural element with increasing gap width for converting a propagating SSPP surface wave into a radiating SSPP.

7. The single-port higher-order OAM radiator as recited in claim 1, wherein said radiation ring is circularly surrounded by discrete elements having a constant gap width for realizing the traveling wave distribution of the electromagnetic wave and generating higher-order OAM radiation.

8. The discrete period cell (SSPP) mode based single port higher order OAM radiator of claim 1, wherein the SSPP is generated using a periodic fabric cell.

9. The discrete period unit SSPP mode based single port higher order OAM radiator of claim 8, wherein said period fabric unit employs an H-type fabric unit.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of antennas, in particular to a single-port high-order OAM radiator based on a discrete period unit SSPP (simple sequence protection protocol) mode.

Background

At present, wireless communication is rapidly developed, and spectrum resources are more and more tense. Conventional multiplexing techniques of frequency, phase, amplitude, etc. have been fully developed and applied. Electromagnetic waves carrying Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) are called vortex waves, orthogonality among vortex waves in different modes provides a new multiplexing dimension, transmission capability of an existing communication system is greatly improved, and the OAM vortex wave transmission system is expected to become one of transmission technologies of next-generation communication. The higher the order of OAM is, the larger the information capacity carried, so how to develop a radiator capable of radiating high-order OAM becomes a problem that needs to be solved at present.

Currently, the methods for realizing OAM radiation mainly include: 1. the annular antenna array is characterized in that N array units are arranged at equal intervals along the circumference, each array element is excited with equal amplitude and fixed phase difference delta phi, and the mode is complex in feed and has the problem of mutual coupling. 2. The electromagnetic wave can carry orbital angular momentum through the phase plate guide of the spiral structure, but the spiral phase plate is of a three-dimensional structure and is difficult to planarize and integrate. 3. The parabolic antenna is modified, and the incident wave is modified to obtain vortex wave, which is not easy to realize due to the complex structure. 4. Circular patch antenna using cavity mode theory for TM_mnMode superposition can obtain OAM in a line wave state, but a high-order mode is difficult to obtain due to size limitation. 5. The ring traveling wave antenna realizes traveling wave distribution on a radiation ring, and the circumference of the ring is integral multiple of equivalent wavelength, so that vortex radiation is obtained.

An artificial Surface Plasmon (SSPP) is a Surface wave similar to an optical frequency Surface Plasmon (SPP) and propagates along a metal Surface in a microwave frequency band, and has the characteristics of near field enhancement, Surface confinement, deep subwavelength and the like; because the single-wire transmission can be realized, the grounding surface can be omitted, and the miniaturization and the planarization of the device can be realized. SSPP can radiate outward in the form of leaky waves when it encounters discontinuities.

In summary, the research and design of the microwave frequency band high-order OAM radiating apparatus have important practical significance, but the OAM antenna reported at present has the problems of narrow bandwidth, low order (the highest reported 5 orders), large size, difficult integration, etc., so it is necessary to design a radiator for radiating high-order OAM in a broadband range. The invention provides an SSPP (single port) mode single-port high-order OAM (operation, administration and maintenance) radiator based on a discrete period unit, which can generate 11-order and 12-order OAM within a 1GHz broadband range, greatly improves the working bandwidth and the radiation order of an OAM antenna, and has the characteristics of simple structure and easiness in integration.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a single-port high-order OAM radiator based on an SSPP mode of a discrete period unit, which realizes high-order vortex radiation by utilizing annular traveling wave distribution of an SSPP surface wave aiming at the problems of narrow bandwidth, low order, large size, difficult integration and the like of the existing OAM antenna.

The invention comprises a high-frequency dielectric plate and a metal patch; the metal patch part is sequentially divided into a coplanar waveguide (1), a transition part (2) from the coplanar waveguide to a periodic SSPP waveguide, a periodic SSPP waveguide (3), a transition part (4) from the periodic SSPP waveguide to a radiation ring and a radiation ring (5); the coplanar waveguide (1), the transition part (2) from the coplanar waveguide to the periodic SSPP waveguide and the periodic SSPP waveguide (3) jointly form an SSPP excitation and transmission structure and are simultaneously used as a feed network of an OAM radiator; the periodic SSPP waveguide to radiation ring transition part (4) and the radiation ring (5) jointly form an annular OAM radiator, a radiation source directly comes from a discrete periodic unit, and vortex radiation is directly generated by SSPP.

The high-frequency dielectric plate can adopt FR4 high-frequency dielectric substrate with dielectric constant epsilon 2.2.

The coplanar waveguide (1) is composed of a central conductor and ground planes on two sides, and the coplanar waveguide (1) is used for being welded with an external SMA adapter and converting a radio frequency information source signal into electromagnetic field distribution on a dielectric plate.

The coplanar waveguide periodic SSPP waveguide transition part (2) consists of a structural unit with gradually changed groove depth and elliptical ground planes on two sides; the coplanar waveguide periodic SSPP waveguide transition part (2) is used for realizing mode conversion between structures of the coplanar waveguide (1) and the periodic SSPP waveguide (3).

The periodic SSPP waveguide (3) is formed by periodically arranging a plurality of structural units with seamless structures and is used for realizing the high-efficiency transmission of SSPP.

The transition part (4) of the periodic SSPP waveguide to the radiation ring is rotated by a structural unit with gradually increased gap width and is used for converting the transmission type SSPP surface wave into radiation type SSPP.

The radiation ring (5) is formed by winding discrete units with fixed and unchangeable gap widths into a circular ring and is used for realizing traveling wave distribution of electromagnetic waves and generating high-order OAM radiation.

The artificial surface plasmon (SSPP) is generated using periodic building blocks, preferably H-type building blocks.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

the invention realizes high-order traveling wave distribution through the annular artificial surface plasmon waveguide, and generates effective high-order vortex radiation on the waveguide by using a gap structure. Compared with the existing OAM antenna, the SSPP mode single-port high-order OAM radiator based on the discrete period unit can greatly improve the order of the OAM, expand the working bandwidth of the antenna based on the radiation mode of traveling wave distribution, and generate the OAM in different modes in a wider frequency band range. The SSPP surface wave transmission is beneficial to miniaturization of the whole size, and the whole patch structure has the characteristics of miniaturization and easy integration. The invention can generate 11-order and 12-order OAM within the range of 1Ghz broadband, greatly improves the working bandwidth and the radiation order of the OAM antenna, and has the characteristics of simple structure and easy integration. The invention is expected to be applied to sixth generation wireless communication, and the spectrum efficiency and the capacity of a wireless communication system are improved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an H-type SSPP structural unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 shows simulation and actual measurement results of the return loss curve according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a graph of simulated vortex phase generated by the antenna at 9GHz, l-11.

Fig. 5 is a graph of simulated vortex phase of l-12 generated by the antenna at 9.6 GHz.

Fig. 6 is a graph of simulated vortex phase of l-12 generated by the antenna at 10.1 GHz.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

The metal part of the embodiment of the invention is sequentially a coplanar waveguide (1), a transition part (2) from the coplanar waveguide to a periodic SSPP waveguide, a periodic SSPP waveguide (3), a transition part (4) from the periodic SSPP waveguide to a radiation ring and a radiation ring (5); the coplanar waveguide (1), the transition part (2) from the coplanar waveguide to the periodic SSPP waveguide and the periodic SSPP waveguide (3) jointly form an SSPP excitation and transmission structure; the transition part (4) of the periodic SSPP waveguide to the radiation ring and the radiation ring (5) jointly form a ring OAM radiation structure.

The high-frequency dielectric plate is an FR4 high-frequency dielectric substrate with a dielectric constant epsilon of 2.2.

The artificial surface plasmon polaritons (SSPP) are realized by H-type structural units but are by no means limited to H-type units, and any discrete periodic structure that can generate SSPP is theoretically possible.

The coplanar waveguide (1) is used for being welded with an external SMA adapter to convert a radio frequency information source signal into electromagnetic field distribution on the dielectric plate.

The depth of the grooves of the H-shaped units in the transition part (2) of the coplanar waveguide periodic SSPP waveguide is gradually increased, and the grooves are used for realizing mode conversion between the structures of the coplanar waveguide (1) and the periodic SSPP waveguide (3).

The periodic SSPP waveguide (3) is composed of a plurality of H-shaped units with seamless structures and is used for realizing the efficient transmission of the SSPP.

The periodic SSPP wave guide transition part (4) is rotated from an H-shaped gap structure with gradually increased width and is used for converting the transmission type SSPP surface wave into radiation type SSPP.

The radiation ring (5) is formed by winding H-shaped units with fixed gap widths into a circular ring and is used for realizing traveling wave distribution of electromagnetic waves and generating high-order OAM radiation.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an SSPP modular single-port high-order OAM radiator based on a discrete cycle unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the metal patches in this embodiment are located at the length, width and height of L₀、W₀、H₀The metal patch part comprises a coplanar waveguide (1), a transition part (2) from the coplanar waveguide to a periodic SSPP waveguide, a periodic SSPP waveguide (3), a transition part (4) from the periodic SSPP waveguide to a radiation ring and a radiation ring (5). The specific numerical value can be designed to be L which is more than or equal to 260mm according to actual requirements₀≤270mm，150mm≤W₀≤160mm，1mm≤H₀≤3mm。

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an H-type artificial surface plasmon transmission unit provided in an example of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, the structural unit is composed of a dielectric plate and an H-shaped metal patch on the upper surface of the dielectric plate, and has a width W₃Length of L₅The rectangular microstrip line is introduced to be vertically symmetrical and distributed with the width W₄Length of L₄And (4) a groove structure. The structure can realize the SSPP surface wave which is propagated along the metal surface in the microwave frequency band, and can realize the miniaturization and the thinning of the device. The specific numerical value can be designed to be more than or equal to W of 8 according to actual requirements₃≤10mm,4mm≤L₅≤5mm,0.5mm≤W₄≤3.5mm,4mm≤L₄≤5mm。

The metal coplanar waveguide (1) is composed of a metal substrate with a length L₁Width of W₃Has a length of L on both sides and a central microstrip line₁Width of W₂The rectangular ground plane is formed, and a gap structure is arranged between the central conductor and the ground plane. The central conductor is welded with the central conductor of the external SMA adapter, and the two sides of the central conductor are welded togetherIs connected to the ground of the SMA.

The coplanar waveguide periodic SSPP waveguide transition part (2) consists of two semi-long shafts L₂The semiminor axis is W₂A plurality of seamless and groove depths W₄A connection of increasing H-type units. The specific numerical value can be designed to be L which is more than or equal to 48mm according to actual requirements₂≤52mm,24mm≤W₂≤26mm。

The periodic SSPP waveguide (3) is composed of a plurality of H-shaped units which have no gap structure and have constant groove depth and are shown in figure 2.

The transition part (4) of the periodic SSPP waveguide to the radiation ring is formed by a plurality of H-shaped units containing a gap structure and R₀Is a radius, a central angleGradually rotating; the introduction of the gap structure can gradually convert the transmission-type SSPP into the radiation-type SSPP.

The radiation ring (5) is formed by a plurality of fixed gap widths L shown in figure 2₆Has a radius of R₀Central angle of circleAnd a plurality of identical H-shaped units with the radius R at the same rotation center₀(R₁＜R₀) Central angle of circleAnd co-winding the two materials. A plurality of discrete H-shaped units with a gap structure jointly form an annular OAM radiator with a gap structure. The specific numerical value can be designed to be R of more than or equal to 60mm according to actual requirements₀≤70mm，

The S parameter of the real object of the embodiment is simulated and analyzed actually, as shown in FIG. 3, the resonance frequency point obtained by simulation of the embodiment is well matched with the frequency point obtained by actual measurement, and the test result shows that S11< -10dB is in a broadband range of 6.5-11 GHz.

As shown in fig. 4, 5, and 6, the results of simulation experiments on near-field phase characteristics of the real object of this example at 9GHz, 9.6GHz, and 10.2GHz generate vortex phases of l-11 and l-12 at the above frequency points, respectively, and match theoretical analysis.

Compared with the existing OAM antenna, the SSPP mode single-port high-order OAM radiator based on the discrete period unit has large bandwidth and is easy to integrate, and different modes of OAM can be generated at different frequency points by using the same radiator. The antenna working at the required frequency point and the OAM mode can be designed according to the actual application requirement.

The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention. The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are intended to illustrate the principles of the invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and the invention is to be limited to the embodiments described above.