阅读说明：本技术 聚四氟乙烯的制造方法 (Method for producing polytetrafluoroethylene ) 是由 加藤丈人 藤本阳平 市川贤治 佐藤洋之 难波义典 吉田裕俊 伊藤剑吾 奥井千亚纪 助 于 2019-10-03 设计创作，主要内容包括：提供一种聚四氟乙烯的制造方法,其特征在于,该制造方法包括在成核剂和烃系阴离子型表面活性剂的存在下在水性介质中将四氟乙烯聚合而得到聚四氟乙烯的聚合工序,聚合开始时的成核剂和烃系阴离子型表面活性剂的总量相对于水性介质超过50ppm。(Disclosed is a method for producing polytetrafluoroethylene, which is characterized by comprising a polymerization step wherein polytetrafluoroethylene is polymerized in an aqueous medium in the presence of a nucleating agent and a hydrocarbon anionic surfactant to obtain polytetrafluoroethylene, wherein the total amount of the nucleating agent and the hydrocarbon anionic surfactant at the start of polymerization is more than 50ppm relative to the aqueous medium.)

1. A process for producing polytetrafluoroethylene, which comprises a polymerization step of polymerizing tetrafluoroethylene in an aqueous medium in the presence of a nucleating agent and a hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant to obtain polytetrafluoroethylene,

the total amount of the nucleating agent and the hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant at the start of polymerization is more than 50ppm with respect to the aqueous medium.

2. The production process according to claim 1, wherein the nucleating agent is at least one selected from the group consisting of fluoropolyethers, nonionic surfactants and chain transfer agents.

3. The manufacturing method according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising the steps of: the nucleating agent is added to the aqueous medium before the start of polymerization or when the concentration of polytetrafluoroethylene formed in the aqueous medium is 5.0 mass% or less.

4. The production process according to claim 3, wherein the amount of the nucleating agent added before the start of polymerization or when the concentration of polytetrafluoroethylene formed in the aqueous medium is 5.0% by mass or less is 0.001% by mass or more based on the polytetrafluoroethylene obtained.

5. The production process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the amount of the polytetrafluoroethylene particles in the polymerization step is 0.6X 10¹³More than one/mL.

6. The production process according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the polymerization step comprises a step of continuously adding a hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant.

7. The production process according to claim 6, wherein in the step of continuously adding the hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant, the addition of the hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant to the aqueous medium is started when the concentration of polytetrafluoroethylene formed in the aqueous medium is less than 0.6% by mass.

8. The production process according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the polymerization temperature in the polymerization step is 10 ℃ to 150 ℃.

9. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the fluoropolyether has repeating units represented by the formulae (1a) to (1d),

(-CFCF₃-CF₂-O-)_n (1a)

(-CF₂-CF₂-CF₂-O-)_n (1b)

(-CF₂-CF₂-O-)n-(-CF₂-O-)_m (1c)

(-CF₂-CFCF₃-O-)n-(-CF₂-O-)_m (1d)

In the formulae (1a) to (1d), m and n are integers of 1 or more.

10. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the nonionic surfactant is at least one selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the following general formula (i) and a compound represented by the following general formula (ii),

R³-O-A¹-H (i)

in the formula, R³Is a linear or branched primary or secondary alkyl group having 8 to 18 carbon atoms, A¹Is a polyoxyalkylene chain having a polyoxyalkylene group and a polyoxyalkylene group,

R⁴-C₆H₄-O-A²-H (ii)

in the formula, R⁴Is a linear or branched primary or secondary alkyl group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, A²Is a polyoxyalkylene chain.

11. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the chain transfer agent is at least one selected from the group consisting of methane, ethane, propane, isobutane, methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol.

12. The production process according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the polytetrafluoroethylene has an average primary particle diameter of 500nm or less.

13. The production process according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the mass ratio of the hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant to the nucleating agent at the start of polymerization, that is, the mass ratio of the hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant: the nucleating agent is 10: 1 to 100 x 10⁴：1。

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a method for producing polytetrafluoroethylene.

Background

In the case of polytetrafluoroethylene produced by emulsion polymerization, a fluorinated anionic surfactant is used. Recently, it has also been proposed to use hydrocarbon surfactants instead of fluorinated anionic surfactants.

Patent document 1 describes a method for polymerizing a fluorine-containing monomer in a polymerization reactor to form a dispersion of fluorine-containing polymer particles in an aqueous medium, the method including an initial period and a stabilization period following the initial period, the initial period including a step of preparing an initial dispersion of fluorine-containing polymer particles in the aqueous medium in the polymerization reactor, the stabilization period including a step of polymerizing a fluorine-containing monomer in the polymerization reactor and a step of adding a hydrocarbon-containing surfactant to the polymerization reactor, and the fluorine-containing surfactant is not added during the stabilization period.

Patent document 2 describes a method for polymerizing a fluorine-containing monomer in a polymerization reactor to form a dispersion of fluorine-containing polymer particles in an aqueous medium, the method including an initial period including a step of adding (a) an aqueous medium, (b) a water-soluble hydrocarbon-containing compound, (c) a decomposing agent, (d) a fluorine-containing monomer, and (e) a polymerization initiator to the polymerization reactor, and the decomposing agent is added before the polymerization initiator without adding a fluorine-based surfactant to the initial period.

Patent document 3 describes a method for polymerizing a fluorine-containing monomer in a polymerization reactor to form a dispersion of fluorine-containing polymer particles in an aqueous medium, which comprises: a step of charging an aqueous medium, a polymerization initiator, a fluorine-containing monomer, and a hydrocarbon-containing surfactant into the polymerization reactor; and a step of deactivating the hydrocarbon-containing surfactant.

Documents of the prior art

Patent document

Patent document 1: U.S. patent publication No. 9255164

Patent document 2: U.S. patent publication No. 8563670

Patent document 3: U.S. patent publication No. 9074025

Disclosure of Invention

Problems to be solved by the invention

The present invention aims to provide a production method capable of producing polytetrafluoroethylene by polymerization using a hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant, and further capable of producing polytetrafluoroethylene having a small average primary particle diameter even in polymerization using a hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant.

Means for solving the problems

The present invention relates to a process for producing polytetrafluoroethylene, which comprises a polymerization step of polymerizing tetrafluoroethylene in an aqueous medium in the presence of a nucleating agent and a hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant to obtain polytetrafluoroethylene, wherein the total amount of the nucleating agent and the hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant at the start of polymerization is more than 50ppm relative to the aqueous medium.

The nucleating agent is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of fluoropolyethers, nonionic surfactants and chain transfer agents.

The production method of the present invention preferably further comprises the steps of: the nucleating agent is added to the aqueous medium before the start of polymerization or when the concentration of polytetrafluoroethylene formed in the aqueous medium is 5.0 mass% or less.

The amount of the nucleating agent added before the start of polymerization or when the concentration of polytetrafluoroethylene formed in an aqueous medium is 5.0% by mass or less is preferably 0.001% by mass or more based on the resulting polytetrafluoroethylene.

In the above polymerization step, the amount of the polytetrafluoroethylene particles is preferably 0.6X 10¹³More than one/mL.

The polymerization step preferably includes a step of continuously adding a hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant. In the step of continuously adding the hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant, it is preferable that the addition of the hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant to the aqueous medium is started when the concentration of polytetrafluoroethylene formed in the aqueous medium is less than 0.6% by mass.

In the polymerization step, the polymerization temperature is preferably 10 to 150 ℃.

The fluoropolyether preferably has repeating units represented by the formulae (1a) to (1 d).

(-CFCF₃-CF₂-O-)_n (1a)

(-CF₂-CF₂-CF₂-O-)_n (1b)

(-CF₂-CF₂-O-)_n-(-CF₂-O-)_m (1c)

(-CF₂-CFCF₃-O-)_n-(-CF₂-O-)_m (1d)

(in the formulae (1a) to (1d), m and n are integers of 1 or more.)

The nonionic surfactant is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the following general formula (i) and a compound represented by the following general formula (ii).

R³-O-A¹-H (i)

(in the formula, R³Is a linear or branched primary or secondary alkyl group having 8 to 18 carbon atoms, A¹Is a polyoxyalkylene chain. )

R⁴-C₆H₄-O-A²-H (ii)

(in the formula, R⁴Is a linear or branched primary or secondary alkyl group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, A²Is a polyoxyalkylene chain.

The chain transfer agent is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of methane, ethane, propane, isobutane, methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol.

The polytetrafluoroethylene preferably has an average primary particle diameter of 500nm or less.

The mass ratio of the hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant to the nucleating agent at the start of polymerization (hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant: nucleating agent) was 10: 1 to 100 x 10⁴：1。

ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS OF INVENTION

According to the present invention, there can be provided a production method capable of producing polytetrafluoroethylene by polymerization using a hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant, and further capable of producing polytetrafluoroethylene having a small average primary particle diameter even in the case of polymerization using a hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a view schematically showing a change with time in stirring torque of an aqueous PTFE dispersion before and after settling.

Detailed Description

In the present specification, unless otherwise specified, "organic group" means a group containing 1 or more carbon atoms or a group formed by removing 1 hydrogen atom from an organic compound.

Examples of the "organic group" include:

an alkyl group which may have 1 or more substituents,

An alkenyl group which may have 1 or more substituents,

An alkynyl group which may have 1 or more substituents,

Cycloalkyl which may have 1 or more substituents,

Cycloalkenyl group which may have 1 or more substituents,

A cycloalkadienyl group which may have 1 or more substituents,

An aryl group which may have 1 or more substituents,

An aralkyl group which may have 1 or more substituents,

A non-aromatic heterocyclic group which may have 1 or more substituents,

A heteroaryl group which may have 1 or more substituents,

A cyano group,

Formyl, methyl,

RaO-、

RaCO-、

RaSO₂-、

RaCOO-、

RaNRaCO-、

RaCONRa-、

RaOCO-, and

RaOSO₂-

(in the formulae, Ra is independently

An alkyl group which may have 1 or more substituents,

An alkenyl group which may have 1 or more substituents,

An alkynyl group which may have 1 or more substituents,

Cycloalkyl which may have 1 or more substituents,

Cycloalkenyl group which may have 1 or more substituents,

A cycloalkadienyl group which may have 1 or more substituents,

An aryl group which may have 1 or more substituents,

An aralkyl group which may have 1 or more substituents,

A non-aromatic heterocyclic group which may have 1 or more substituents, or

A heteroaryl group which may have 1 or more substituents).

The organic group is preferably an alkyl group which may have 1 or more substituents.

In the present specification, unless otherwise specified, "substituent" means a group that can be substituted. Examples of the "substituent" include: aliphatic group, aromatic group, heterocyclic group, acyl group, acyloxy group, acylamino group, aliphatic oxy group, aromatic oxy group, heterocyclic oxy group, aliphatic oxycarbonyl group, aromatic oxycarbonyl group, heterocyclic oxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group, aliphatic sulfonyl group, aromatic sulfonyl group, heterocyclic sulfonyl group, aliphatic sulfonyloxy group, aromatic sulfonyloxy group, heterocyclic sulfonyloxy group, sulfamoyl group, aliphatic sulfonamide group, aromatic sulfonamide group, heterocyclic sulfonamide group, amino group, aliphatic amino group, aromatic amino group, heterocyclic amino group, aliphatic oxycarbonylamino group, aromatic oxycarbonylamino group, heterocyclic oxycarbonylamino group, aliphatic sulfinyl group, aromatic sulfinyl group, aliphatic thio group, aromatic thio group, hydroxyl group, cyano group, sulfo group, carboxyl group, aliphatic oxyamino group, aromatic oxyamino group, carbamoyl aminocarbonyl group, amino group, heterocyclic oxycarbonyl amino group, heterocyclic oxycarbonylamino group, aliphatic sulfinyl group, aromatic, Sulfamoylamino, a halogen atom, sulfamoylcarbamoyl, carbamoylsulfamoyl, dialiphatic oxyphosphinyl or diaromatic oxyphosphinyl.

The aliphatic group may be saturated or unsaturated, and may have a hydroxyl group, an aliphatic oxy group, a carbamoyl group, an aliphatic oxycarbonyl group, an aliphatic thio group, an amino group, an aliphatic amino group, an amido group, a carbamoylamino group, or the like. Examples of the aliphatic group include alkyl groups having 1 to 8, preferably 1 to 4, total carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, vinyl, cyclohexyl, and carbamoylmethyl.

The aromatic group may have, for example, a nitro group, a halogen atom, an aliphatic oxy group, a carbamoyl group, an aliphatic oxycarbonyl group, an aliphatic thio group, an amino group, an aliphatic amino group, an acylamino group, a carbamoylamino group, or the like. Examples of the aromatic group include aryl groups having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 10 carbon atoms in total, such as phenyl, 4-nitrophenyl, 4-acetylaminophenyl, 4-methanesulfonylphenyl and the like.

The heterocyclic group may have a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an aliphatic oxy group, a carbamoyl group, an aliphatic oxycarbonyl group, an aliphatic thio group, an amino group, an aliphatic amino group, an acylamino group, a carbamoylamino group or the like. Examples of the heterocyclic group include 5-to 6-membered heterocyclic rings having 2 to 12, preferably 2 to 10, total carbon atoms, for example, 2-tetrahydrofuranyl group, 2-pyrimidinyl group and the like.

The acyl group may have an aliphatic carbonyl group, an arylcarbonyl group, a heterocyclic carbonyl group, a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, an aromatic group, an aliphatic oxy group, a carbamoyl group, an aliphatic oxycarbonyl group, an aliphatic thio group, an amino group, an aliphatic amino group, an acylamino group, a carbamoylamino group, or the like. Examples of the acyl group include acyl groups having 2 to 8, preferably 2 to 4, total carbon atoms, such as acetyl, propionyl, benzoyl, and 3-pyridinecarbonyl.

The acylamino group may have an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, a heterocyclic group, etc., and may have, for example, an acetylamino group, a benzoylamino group, a 2-pyridinecarbonylamino group, a propionylamino group, etc. Examples of the acylamino group include acylamino groups having 2 to 12, preferably 2 to 8, total carbon atoms, alkylcarbonylamino groups having 2 to 8 total carbon atoms, for example, acetylamino group, benzoylamino group, 2-pyridinecarbonylamino group, propionylamino group and the like.

The aliphatic oxycarbonyl group may be saturated or unsaturated, and may have a hydroxyl group, an aliphatic oxy group, a carbamoyl group, an aliphatic oxycarbonyl group, an aliphatic thio group, an amino group, an aliphatic amino group, an amido group, a carbamoylamino group, or the like. Examples of the aliphatic oxycarbonyl group include an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 8, preferably 2 to 4, total carbon atoms, such as a methoxycarbonyl group, an ethoxycarbonyl group, and a tert-butoxycarbonyl group.

The carbamoyl group may have an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, a heterocyclic group, or the like. Examples of the carbamoyl group include an unsubstituted carbamoyl group and an alkylcarbamoyl group having 2 to 9 total carbon atoms, preferably an unsubstituted carbamoyl group and an alkylcarbamoyl group having 2 to 5 total carbon atoms, for example, an N-methylcarbamoyl group, an N, N-dimethylcarbamoyl group, an N-phenylcarbamoyl group and the like.

The aliphatic sulfonyl group may be saturated or unsaturated, and may have a hydroxyl group, an aromatic group, an aliphatic oxy group, a carbamoyl group, an aliphatic oxycarbonyl group, an aliphatic thio group, an amino group, an aliphatic amino group, an acylamino group, a carbamoylamino group, or the like. Examples of the aliphatic sulfonyl group include alkylsulfonyl groups having 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4, total carbon atoms, for example, methylsulfonyl group.

The aromatic sulfonyl group may have a hydroxyl group, an aliphatic oxy group, a carbamoyl group, an aliphatic oxycarbonyl group, an aliphatic thio group, an amino group, an aliphatic amino group, an acylamino group, a carbamoylamino group or the like. Examples of the aromatic sulfonyl group include arylsulfonyl groups having 6 to 10 total carbon atoms, for example, benzenesulfonyl groups.

The amino group may have an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, a heterocyclic group, or the like.

The acylamino group may have, for example, acetylamino, benzoylamino, 2-pyridinecarbonylamino, propionylamino and the like. Examples of the acylamino group include acylamino groups having 2 to 12 total carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 8 total carbon atoms, more preferably alkylcarbonylamino groups having 2 to 8 total carbon atoms, for example acetylamino group, benzoylamino group, 2-pyridinecarbonylamino group, propionylamino group and the like.

The aliphatic sulfonamide group, the aromatic sulfonamide group and the heterocyclic sulfonamide group may be, for example, a methylsulfonamide group, a benzenesulfonamide group, a 2-pyridinesulfonamide group or the like.

The sulfamoyl group may have an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, a heterocyclic group, or the like. Examples of the sulfamoyl group include a sulfamoyl group, an alkylsulfamoyl group having 1 to 9 total carbon atoms, a dialkylsulfamoyl group having 2 to 10 total carbon atoms, an arylsulfamoyl group having 7 to 13 total carbon atoms, and a heterocyclic sulfamoyl group having 2 to 12 total carbon atoms, and more preferably include a sulfamoyl group, an alkylsulfamoyl group having 1 to 7 total carbon atoms, a dialkylsulfamoyl group having 3 to 6 total carbon atoms, an arylsulfamoyl group having 6 to 11 total carbon atoms, and a heterocyclic sulfamoyl group having 2 to 10 total carbon atoms, such as a sulfamoyl group, a methylsulfamoyl group, an N, N-dimethylsulfamoyl group, a phenylsulfamoyl group, and a 4-pyridinesulfamoyl group.

The aliphatic oxy group may be saturated or unsaturated, and may have methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, cyclohexyloxy, methoxyethoxy, or the like. Examples of the aliphatic oxy group include alkoxy groups having 1 to 8, preferably 1 to 6, total carbon atoms, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, cyclohexyloxy, methoxyethoxy, and the like.

The aromatic amino group and the heterocyclic amino group may have an aliphatic group, an aliphatic oxy group, a halogen atom, a carbamoyl group, a heterocyclic group fused to the aryl group, or an aliphatic oxycarbonyl group, and preferably may have an aliphatic group having 1 to 4 total carbon atoms, an aliphatic oxy group having 1 to 4 total carbon atoms, a halogen atom, a carbamoyl group having 1 to 4 total carbon atoms, a nitro group, or an aliphatic oxycarbonyl group having 2 to 4 total carbon atoms.

The aliphatic thio group may be saturated or unsaturated, and examples thereof include alkylthio groups having 1 to 8 total carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 6 total carbon atoms, such as methylthio, ethylthio, carbamoylmethylthio, and tert-butylthio.

The carbamoylamino group may have an aliphatic group, an aryl group, a heterocyclic group or the like. Examples of the carbamoylamino group include a carbamoylamino group, an alkylcarbamoylamino group having 2 to 9 total carbon atoms, a dialkylcarbamoylamino group having 3 to 10 total carbon atoms, an arylcarbamoylamino group having 7 to 13 total carbon atoms, a heterocyclic carbamoylamino group having 3 to 12 total carbon atoms, preferably a carbamoylamino group, an alkylcarbamoylamino group having 2 to 7 total carbon atoms, a dialkylcarbamoylamino group having 3 to 6 total carbon atoms, arylcarbamoylamino group having 7 to 11 total carbon atoms, heterocyclic carbamoylamino group having 3 to 10 total carbon atoms, for example, carbamoylamino group, methylcarbamoylamino group, N-dimethylcarbamoylamino group, phenylcarbamoylamino group, 4-pyridinecarbamoylamino group and the like.

The following is a detailed description of specific embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below.

The method for producing polytetrafluoroethylene [ PTFE ] of the present invention comprises a polymerization step for polymerizing tetrafluoroethylene [ TFE ] in an aqueous medium in the presence of a nucleating agent and a hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant to obtain PTFE. Therefore, according to the production method of the present invention, polytetrafluoroethylene can be produced by polymerization using a hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant. Further, polytetrafluoroethylene having a small average primary particle diameter can be produced. That is, although an aqueous dispersion of particles containing polytetrafluoroethylene is usually obtained by polymerization of TFE in an aqueous medium, according to the production method of the present invention, particles having a small average primary particle diameter can be obtained despite polymerization of TFE using a hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant, and an aqueous dispersion having excellent dispersion stability can be obtained. Further, the polytetrafluoroethylene powder can be recovered by precipitating the aqueous dispersion, and polytetrafluoroethylene (non-precipitated polymer) is less likely to remain in the wastewater remaining after the powder recovery.

In the method for producing PTFE of the present invention, the total amount of the nucleating agent and the hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant at the start of polymerization is more than 50ppm with respect to the aqueous medium. The total amount of the nucleating agent and the hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant is preferably 60ppm or more, more preferably 70ppm or more, further preferably 80ppm or more, and particularly preferably 100ppm or more, based on the aqueous medium. The upper limit of the total amount is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 10000 ppm. When the total amount of the nucleating agent and the hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant at the start of polymerization is in the above range, an aqueous dispersion having a smaller average primary particle diameter and more excellent stability can be obtained. In addition, an aqueous dispersion having a smaller amount of non-precipitated polymer can be obtained.

As hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant at the start of polymerization andthe mass ratio of the nucleating agent (hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant: nucleating agent) is preferably 10: 1 to 100 x 10⁴: 1. more preferably 100: 1 to 15 x 10⁴: 1. more preferably 500: 1 to 1X 10⁴：1。

The polymerization can be started when the gaseous fluoromonomer in the reactor becomes polytetrafluoroethylene and the pressure in the reactor decreases. U.S. Pat. No. 3,391,099 (Punderson) discloses a dispersion polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene in an aqueous medium, which includes 2 different stages of the polymerization process, first the formation of polymer nuclei as nucleation sites, and second the growth stage of the polymerization, which contains the established particles. Note that the polymerization is usually started when both the monomer to be polymerized and the polymerization initiator are charged into the reactor. In the present invention, an additive involved in the formation of a nucleation site is used as a nucleating agent.

The polymerization step is a step of polymerizing tetrafluoroethylene in an aqueous medium in the presence of a hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant, and preferably includes a step of continuously adding a hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant.

The continuous addition of the hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant means, for example, that the hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant is not added all at once but is added over time or in portions.

In the step of continuously adding the hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant, it is preferable to start adding the hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant to the aqueous medium when the concentration of PTFE formed in the aqueous medium is less than 0.60 mass%. The hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant is preferably added at the time of the concentration of 0.50% by mass or less, more preferably at the time of the concentration of 0.36% by mass or less, still more preferably at the time of the concentration of 0.30% by mass or less, particularly preferably at the time of the concentration of 0.20% by mass or less, particularly preferably at the time of the concentration of 0.10% by mass or less, and most preferably at the time of polymerization initiation. The concentration is a concentration based on the total of the aqueous medium and PTFE.

By including the above steps, an aqueous dispersion having a smaller average primary particle size and more excellent stability can be obtained. In addition, an aqueous dispersion having a smaller amount of non-precipitated polymer can be obtained. Further, the aspect ratio of the primary particles can be further reduced.

In the step of continuously adding the hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant, the amount of the hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant added is preferably 0.01 to 10% by mass based on 100% by mass of the aqueous medium. The lower limit is more preferably 0.05% by mass, the lower limit is still more preferably 0.1% by mass, the upper limit is still more preferably 5% by mass, and the upper limit is still more preferably 1% by mass.

In the step of polymerizing tetrafluoroethylene in an aqueous medium in the presence of the hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant, the amount of the hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant is preferably large, and is preferably 0.01 to 10% by mass based on 100% by mass of the aqueous medium. The lower limit is more preferably 0.1% by mass, and the upper limit is more preferably 1% by mass.

The nucleating agent is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of fluoropolyethers, nonionic surfactants, and chain transfer agents.

The fluoropolyethers themselves provide polymerization sites that can serve as nucleation sites.

The fluoropolyether is preferably a perfluoropolyether.

The fluoropolyether preferably has repeating units represented by the formulae (1a) to (1 d).

(-CFCF₃-CF₂-O-)_n (1a)

(-CF₂-CF₂-CF₂-O-)_n (1b)

(-CF₂-CF₂-O-)_n-(-CF₂-O-)_m (1c)

(-CF₂-CFCF₃-O-)_n-(-CF₂-O-)_m (1d)

(in the formulae (1a) to (1d), m and n are integers of 1 or more.)

The fluoropolyether is preferably a fluoropolyether acid or a salt thereof, and the fluoropolyether acid is preferably a carboxylic acid, a sulfonic acid, a sulfonamide, or a phosphonic acid, and more preferably a carboxylic acid. Among fluoropolyether acids or salts thereof, preferred are salts of fluoropolyether acids, more preferred are ammonium salts of fluoropolyether acids, and still more preferred are ammonium salts of fluoropolyether carboxylic acids.

The fluoropolyether acid or salt thereof may have: an arbitrary chain structure in which oxygen atoms in the main chain of the molecule are separated by saturated carbon fluoride groups having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. More than 2 carbon fluoride groups may be present in the molecule.

These structures were studied by Kasai in j.appl.polymer sci.57,797 (1995). Such fluoropolyethers may have a carboxylic acid group or salt thereof at one or both ends, as disclosed herein. Likewise, such fluoropolyethers may have sulfonic or phosphonic acid groups or salts thereof at one or both ends. In addition to this, fluoropolyethers having acid functional groups at both ends may have different groups at each end. With regard to monofunctional fluoropolyethers, the other end of the molecule is typically perfluorinated and may also contain a hydrogen or chlorine atom.

The fluoropolyether having an acid group at one or both ends has at least 2 ether oxygens, preferably at least 4 ether oxygens, and even more preferably at least 6 ether oxygens. Preferably at least one of the carbon fluoride groups spaced apart from the ether oxygen, more preferably at least two of such carbon fluoride groups, has 2 or 3 carbon atoms. Even more preferably at least 50% of the carbon fluoride groups separating the ether oxygen have 2 or 3 carbon atoms. In addition, it is preferred that the fluoropolyethers have at least 15 carbon atoms in total, e.g., a preferred minimum value of n or n + m in the above repeating unit structure is at least 5. More than 2 fluoropolyethers having acid groups at one or both ends may be used in the process of the present invention. Typically, in the manufacture of a single species of a particular fluoropolyether compound, unless otherwise noted, the fluoropolyether can contain two or more compounds in various proportions within the molecular weight range relative to the average molecular weight.

The fluoropolyether acid or salt thereof is preferably represented by the formula:

CF₃-CF₂-CF₂-O(-CFCF₃-CF₂-O-)_nCFCF₃-COOH、

CF₃-CF₂-CF₂-O(-CF₂-CF₂-CF₂-O-)_n-CF₂-CF₂COOH, or

HOOC-CF₂-O(-CF₂-CF₂-O-)_n-(-CF₂-O-)_mCF₂COOH

(wherein m and n are the same as described above)

The compounds shown or their salts.

The fluoropolyether preferably has a number average molecular weight of 800g/mol or more. The fluoropolyether acid or salt thereof preferably has a number average molecular weight of less than 6000g/mol, since dispersion in aqueous media can be difficult. The number average molecular weight of the fluoropolyether acid or salt thereof is more preferably 900g/mol or more, and still more preferably 1000g/mol or more. Further, it is preferably 3500g/mol or less, more preferably 2500g/mol or less.

The amount of the fluoropolyether is preferably 5ppm to 3000ppm, more preferably 5ppm to 2000ppm, with a more preferred lower limit of 10ppm and a more preferred upper limit of 100ppm with respect to the aqueous medium.

The nonionic surfactant generally does not contain a charged group and has a hydrophobic portion as a long-chain hydrocarbon. The hydrophilic portion of the nonionic surfactant contains a water-soluble functional group such as a vinyl ether chain derived from polymerization with ethylene oxide.

Examples of the nonionic hydrocarbon surfactant include the following.

Polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkyl esters, sorbitan alkyl esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan alkyl esters, glycerol esters, and derivatives thereof.

Specific examples of polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers: polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene cetyl ether, polyoxyethylene stearyl ether, polyoxyethylene oleyl ether, polyoxyethylene behenyl ether, and the like.

Specific examples of polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ethers: polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether, polyoxyethylene octylphenyl ether, and the like.

Specific examples of polyoxyethylene alkyl esters: polyethylene glycol monolaurate, polyethylene glycol monooleate, polyethylene glycol monostearate, and the like.

Specific examples of sorbitan alkyl esters: polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, and the like.

Specific examples of polyoxyethylene sorbitan alkyl esters: polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate, and the like.

Specific examples of glycerides: glyceryl monotetradecanoate, glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl monooleate, and the like.

Specific examples of the above derivatives: polyoxyethylene alkylamines, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl-formaldehyde condensates, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphates, and the like.

The ethers and esters may have an HLB value of 10 to 18.

Examples of the nonionic hydrocarbon surfactant include Triton (registered trademark) X series (X15, X45, X100, etc.), Tergitol (registered trademark) 15-S series, Tergitol (registered trademark) TMN series (TMN-6, TMN-10, TMN-100, etc.), Tergitol (registered trademark) L series, Pluronic (registered trademark) R series (31R1, 17R2, 10R5, 25R4(m to 22, n to 23) manufactured by BASF, and Iconol (registered trademark) TDA series (TDA-6, TDA-9, TDA-10) manufactured by Dow Chemical Company.

The nonionic surfactant itself provides a polymerization site, and further chain-transfers radicals at an initial stage, thereby providing a large amount of low-molecular-weight fluoropolymer, which can serve as a nucleation site.

The nonionic surfactant is preferably a non-fluorine-containing nonionic surfactant. Examples thereof include: ether-type nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, and polyoxyethylene alkylene alkyl ethers; polyoxyethylene derivatives such as ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymers; ester-type nonionic surfactants such as sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitol fatty acid esters, glycerin fatty acid esters, and polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters; amine-based nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene alkylamines and alkyl alkanolamides; and the like.

In the above nonionic surfactant, the hydrophobic group thereof may be any of an alkylphenol group, a straight-chain alkyl group and a branched-chain alkyl group.

Examples of the nonionic surfactant include those represented by the following general formula (i)

R³-O-A¹-H (i)

(in the formula, R³Is a linear or branched primary or secondary alkyl group having 8 to 18 carbon atoms, A¹Is a polyoxyalkylene chain). R³The number of carbon atoms of (A) is preferably 10 to 16, more preferably 12 to 16. If R is³When the number of carbon atoms of (2) is 18 or less, good dispersion stability of the aqueous dispersion can be easily obtained. In addition if R³If the number of carbon atoms exceeds 18, the flow temperature is high, and therefore, handling is difficult. If R is³When the number of carbon atoms of (2) is less than 8, the surface tension of the aqueous dispersion increases, and the permeability and wettability tend to decrease.

The polyoxyalkylene chain may be composed of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. Is a polyoxyalkylene chain having 5 to 20 average repeating numbers of oxyethylene groups and 0 to 2 average repeating numbers of oxypropylene groups, and is a hydrophilic group. The ethylene oxide unit number may comprise any of a broad or narrow monomodal distribution, as typically provided, or a broader or bimodal distribution obtained by blending. When the average repeating number of the oxypropylene group exceeds 0, the oxyethylene group and the oxypropylene group in the polyoxyalkylene chain may be arranged in a block form or in a random form.

From the viewpoint of viscosity and stability of the aqueous dispersion, a polyoxyalkylene chain comprising an average repeating number of oxyethylene groups of 7 to 12 and an average repeating number of oxypropylene groups of 0 to 2 is preferred. Especially if A¹Having an oxypropylene group of 0.5 to 1.5 on average, low foaming properties,therefore, it is preferable.

More preferably R³Is (R ') (R') HC-, wherein R 'and R' are the same or different linear, branched or cyclic alkyl groups, and the total number of carbon atoms is at least 5, preferably 7 to 17. Preferably, at least one of R 'or R' is a branched or cyclic hydrocarbon group.

Specific examples of the nonionic surfactant include C₁₃H₂₇-O-(C₂H₄O)₁₀-H、C₁₂H₂₅-O-(C₂H₄O)₁₀-H、C₁₀H₂₁CH(CH₃)CH₂-O-(C₂H₄O)₉-H、C₁₃H₂₇-O-(C₂H₄O)₉-(CH(CH₃)CH₂O)-H、C₁₆H₃₃-O-(C₂H₄O)₁₀-H、HC(C₅H₁₁)(C₇H₁₅)-O-(C₂H₄O)₉-H, etc.

For example, the nonionic surfactant may be a block copolymer of polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol and polyethylene glycol.

Examples of commercially available products of the nonionic surfactant include Genapol X080 (product name, manufactured by Clariant), Noigen TDS series (first Industrial pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) such as Noigen TDS-80 (product name), Leocol TD series (LION) such as Leocol TD-90 (product name), LIONOL (registered trademark) TD series (LION), T-Det A series (manufactured by Harcross Chemicals) such as T-Det A138 (product name), and TERGITOL (registered trademark) 15S series (manufactured by Tao corporation).

The above nonionic surfactants are also preferably ethoxylates of 2,6, 8-trimethyl-4-nonanol having an average of about 4 to about 18 ethylene oxide units, ethoxylates of 2,6, 8-trimethyl-4-nonanol having an average of about 6 to about 12 ethylene oxide units, or mixtures thereof. Nonionic surfactants of this type are also commercially available, for example, as TERGITOL TMN-6, TERGITOL TMN-10, and TERGITOL TMN-100X (both product names, manufactured by the Dow chemical company).

The hydrophobic group of the nonionic surfactant may be any of an alkylphenol group, a straight-chain alkyl group, and a branched-chain alkyl group.

Examples of the nonionic surfactant include, for example, those represented by the following general formula (ii)

R⁴-C₆H₄-O-A²-H (ii)

(in the formula, R⁴Is a linear or branched primary or secondary alkyl group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, A²Polyoxyalkylene chain) and a polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether-based nonionic compound.

Examples of the polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether nonionic compound include TRITONX-100 (trade name, manufactured by Dow Chemical Co., Ltd.).

Examples of the nonionic surfactant include polyhydric alcohol compounds. Specifically, there are polyol compounds described in international publication No. 2011/014715, and the like.

As a typical example of the polyol compound, a compound having 1 or more sugar units as a polyol unit can be cited. The saccharide units may be modified to contain at least 1 long chain. Examples of suitable polyol compounds containing at least 1 long chain moiety include alkyl glycosides, modified alkyl glycosides, sugar esters, and combinations thereof. Examples of the saccharide include, but are not limited to, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and sorbitan. Examples of the monosaccharide include a five-carbon sugar and a six-carbon sugar. Typical examples of the monosaccharide include ribose, glucose, galactose, mannose, fructose, arabinose, and xylose. The oligosaccharide may be an oligomer of 2 to 10 identical or different monosaccharides. Examples of the oligosaccharide include, but are not limited to, sucrose, maltose, lactose, raffinose, and isomaltose.

Typically, as the sugar suitable for use as the polyol compound, there may be mentioned a five-membered ring cyclic compound containing 4 carbon atoms and 1 hetero atom (typically oxygen or sulfur, preferably oxygen atom), or a six-membered ring cyclic compound containing 5 carbon atoms and the above-mentioned 1 hetero atom, preferably oxygen atom. They further contain at least 2 or at least 3 hydroxyl groups (-OH groups) bonded to carbon ring atoms. Typically, to make ether or ester linkages between long chain residues and sugar moieties, sugars are modified in the following ways: more than 1 of the hydrogen atoms of the hydroxyl (and/or hydroxyalkyl) groups bonded to carbon ring atoms are substituted with long chain residues.

The sugar-based polyol may contain 1 sugar unit or 2 or more sugar units. 1 sugar unit or 2 or more sugar units may be modified with the above-mentioned long chain moiety. Specific examples of the sugar-based polyol compound include glycosides, sugar esters, sorbitan esters, and mixtures and combinations thereof.

A preferred class of polyol compounds is alkyl or modified alkyl glucosides. These classes of surfactants contain at least 1 glucose moiety. Can give

[ solution 1]

(wherein x represents 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, R¹And R²Independently represents H or a long chain unit containing at least 6 carbon atoms, wherein R¹And R²At least 1 of which is not H). As R¹And R²As a typical example of (A), an aliphatic alcohol residue can be mentioned. Examples of the aliphatic alcohol include hexanol, heptanol, octanol, nonanol, decanol, undecanol, dodecanol (lauryl alcohol), tetradecanol, hexadecanol (cetyl alcohol), heptadecanol, octadecanol (stearyl alcohol), eicosanoic acid, and combinations thereof.

The above formula shows a specific example of an alkylpolyglucoside of glucose representing the pyranose form, but it will be appreciated that other sugars or sugars which are the same sugar but different mirror image isomers or diastereoisomers may also be used.

The alkyl glucosides can be obtained, for example, by acid-catalyzed reaction of glucose, starch, or n-butyl glucoside with an aliphatic alcohol, in the typical case a mixture of various alkyl glucosides being obtained (Alkylpolyglycylcoside, Rompp, Lexikon Chemie, Version 2.0, Stuttgart/New York, Georg Thieme Verlag, 1999). Examples of the aliphatic alcohol include hexanol, heptanol, octanol, nonanol, decanol, undecanol, dodecanol (lauryl alcohol), tetradecanol, hexadecanol (cetyl alcohol), heptadecanol, octadecanol (stearyl alcohol), eicosanoic acid, and combinations thereof. In addition, alkyl glucosides are commercially available from Dusseldorf Cognis GmbH, Germany under the trade name GLUCOPON or DISPONIL.

Other nonionic surfactants include bifunctional block copolymers supplied by BASF as Pluronic (registered trademark) R series, tridecanol alkoxylates supplied by BASF as Iconol (registered trademark) TDA series, hydrocarbon-containing silicone surfactants, preferably hydrocarbon surfactants, wherein the hydrocarbon group is completely substituted with a hydrogen atom when the hydrocarbon group can be substituted with a halogen such as fluorine, and these silicone surfactants can also be considered as hydrocarbon surfactants, i.e., monovalent substituents on the hydrocarbon group are hydrogen.

The nonionic surfactant is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of the compound represented by the general formula (i) and the compound represented by the general formula (ii).

The amount of the nonionic surfactant is preferably 0.1 to 0.0000001% by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 0.000001% by mass, based on the aqueous medium.

The chain transfer agent initially transfers a radical to provide a large amount of low-molecular-weight fluoropolymer, thereby serving as a nucleation site.

Examples of the chain transfer agent include esters such as dimethyl malonate, diethyl malonate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, and dimethyl succinate, and halogenated hydrocarbons such as isopentane, methane, ethane, propane, isobutane, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, various mercaptans, and carbon tetrachloride, and cyclohexane.

As the chain transfer agent, a bromine compound or an iodine compound can be used. Examples of the polymerization method using a bromine compound or an iodine compound include a method of polymerizing a fluorine-containing monomer in an aqueous medium in the substantial absence of oxygen in the presence of a bromine compound or an iodine compound (iodine transfer polymerization method). Representative examples of the bromine compound or iodine compound to be used include compounds represented by the general formula:

R^aI_xBr_y

(wherein x and y are each an integer of 0 to 2 and satisfy 1. ltoreq. x + y. ltoreq.2, R^aIs a saturated or unsaturated fluorocarbon group or chlorofluorocarbon group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, wherein R is^aWith or without an oxygen atom). By using a bromine compound or an iodine compound, iodine or bromine is introduced into the polymer to function as a crosslinking point.

Examples of the bromine compound or iodine compound include 1, 3-diiodoperfluoropropane, 2-iodoperfluoropropane, 1, 3-diiodo-2-chloroperfluoropropane, 1, 4-diiodoperfluorobutane, 1, 5-diiodo-2, 4-dichloroperfluoropentane, 1, 6-diiodoperfluorohexane, 1, 8-diiodoperfluorooctane, 1, 12-diiodoperfluorododecane, 1, 16-diiodoperfluorohexadecane, diiodomethane, 1, 2-diiodoethane, 1, 3-diiodo-n-propane, CF₂Br₂、BrCF₂CF₂Br、CF₃CFBrCF₂Br、CFClBr₂、BrCF₂CFClBr、CFBrClCFClBr、BrCF₂CF₂CF₂Br、BrCF₂CFBrOCF₃1-bromo-2-iodoperfluoroethane, 1-bromo-3-iodoperfluoropropane, 1-bromo-4-iodoperfluorobutane, 2-bromo-3-iodoperfluorobutane, 3-bromo-4-iodoperfluoro-1-butene, 2-bromo-4-iodoperfluoro-1-butene, monoiodomonobromo substituents of benzene, diiodomonobromo substituents, and (2-iodoethyl) and (2-bromoethyl) substituents, and the like, which may be used alone or in combination with each other.

Among these, at least one selected from the group consisting of alkanes and alcohols is preferable from the viewpoints of polymerization reactivity, crosslinking reactivity, availability, and the like. The number of carbon atoms of the alkane is preferably 1 to 6, more preferably 1 to 5. The carbon number of the alcohol is preferably 1 to 5, more preferably 1 to 4. As the chain transfer agent, at least one selected from the group consisting of methane, ethane, propane, isobutane, methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol is particularly preferable.

The amount of the chain transfer agent is preferably 0.001ppm to 10000ppm relative to the aqueous medium. The amount of the chain transfer agent is more preferably 0.01ppm or more, still more preferably 0.05ppm or more, and particularly preferably 0.1ppm or more, based on the aqueous medium. Further, the concentration is more preferably 1000ppm or less, still more preferably 500ppm or less, and particularly preferably 100ppm or less with respect to the aqueous medium.

The polymerization temperature and polymerization pressure in the above polymerization step are appropriately determined depending on the kind of the monomer to be used, the molecular weight of the target PTFE, and the reaction rate.

For example, the polymerization temperature is preferably 10 ℃ to 150 ℃. The polymerization temperature is more preferably 30 ℃ or higher, and still more preferably 50 ℃ or higher. Further, it is more preferably 120 ℃ or lower, and still more preferably 100 ℃ or lower.

The polymerization pressure is preferably 0.05MPaG to 10 MPaG. The polymerization pressure is more preferably 0.3MPaG or more, and still more preferably 0.5MPaG or more. Further, it is more preferably 5.0MPaG or less, and still more preferably 3.0MPaG or less.

The polymerization step preferably further comprises the steps of: the nucleating agent is added to the aqueous medium before the start of polymerization or when the concentration of polytetrafluoroethylene formed in the aqueous medium is 5.0 mass% or less. By adding the nucleating agent at the initial stage of polymerization, an aqueous dispersion having a small average primary particle diameter and excellent stability can be obtained. That is, the nucleating agent may be added before the start of polymerization or simultaneously with the start of polymerization, and may be added after the start of polymerization while the nucleating agent is being added during the formation of the nuclei of the PTFE particles, and is preferably added when the concentration of PTFE is 5.0 mass% or less, for example.

The amount of the nucleating agent added before the start of polymerization or when the concentration of PTFE formed in the aqueous medium is 5.0 mass% or less is preferably 0.001 mass% or more, more preferably 0.01 mass% or more, still more preferably 0.05 mass% or more, and still more preferably 0.1 mass% or more with respect to the resultant polytetrafluoroethylene. The upper limit is not limited, and is, for example, 2000 mass%.

In the above polymerization step, the amount of PTFE particles is preferably 0.6X 10¹³More than one/mL. By increasing the number of PTFE particles (cores) at the initial stage of polymerization, an aqueous dispersion having a small average primary particle diameter and excellent stability can be obtained. The number of the PTFE particles is more preferably 0.7X 10¹³one/mL or more, more preferably 0.8X 10¹³one/mL or more, more preferably 0.9X 10¹³one/mL or more, particularly preferably 1.0X 10¹³More than one/mL. The upper limit is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 7.0X 10¹⁴one/mL.

In the above polymerization step, the amount of the monomer is preferably 0.6X 10¹³More than one PTFE particle per ml. By generating a large amount of particles in the polymerization step, primary particles having a small average primary particle diameter and a small aspect ratio can be obtained, and an aqueous dispersion having excellent stability can be obtained. More preferably, the amount of PTFE particles produced is 0.7X 10¹³one/mL or more, more preferably 0.8X 10¹³one/mL or more, more preferably 0.9X 10¹³one/mL or more, particularly preferably 1.0X 10¹³More than one/mL. The upper limit is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 7.0X 10¹⁴one/mL.

Since the PTFE particles are generated intensively in the first half of the polymerization and are difficult to generate in the second half of the polymerization, the number of PTFE particles in the polymerization step is substantially the same as the number of particles generated in the first half of the polymerization. Therefore, the number of PTFE particles in the polymerization step can be predicted by measuring the number of primary particles in the finally obtained aqueous PTFE dispersion.

The PTFE may be a TFE homopolymer, or may be a modified PTFE containing 99 mass% or more of polymerized units based on TFE and 1 mass% or less of polymerized units based on a modified monomer.

In the modified PTFE, the content of polymerized units based on the modified monomer (hereinafter also referred to as "modified monomer units") is preferably in the range of 0.00001 to 1 mass% relative to the total polymerized units of PTFE. The lower limit of the content of the modifying monomer unit is more preferably 0.0001% by mass, still more preferably 0.001% by mass, yet more preferably 0.005% by mass, and particularly preferably 0.009% by mass. The upper limit of the content of the modifying monomer unit is more preferably 0.5% by mass, still more preferably 0.3% by mass, particularly preferably 0.1% by mass, and particularly preferably 0.05% by mass. In the present specification, the modified monomer unit refers to a portion derived from a modified monomer as a part of the molecular structure of PTFE.

In the present specification, the content of each monomer constituting PTFE can be calculated by appropriately combining NMR, FT-IR, elemental analysis, and fluorescent X-ray analysis depending on the type of the monomer. The content of each monomer constituting PTFE can also be determined by calculating the amount of the modifying monomer used in the polymerization.

The modifying monomer is not particularly limited as long as it is copolymerizable with TFE, and examples thereof include fluorine-containing monomers and non-fluorine-containing monomers. The number of the modifying monomers used may be 1, or 2 or more.

The non-fluorine-containing monomer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include those of the general formula:

CH₂＝CR^Q1-LR^Q2

(in the formula, R^Q1Represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group. L represents a single bond, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, or-O-. Is represented by the formula^Q2The bonding position of (2). R^Q2Represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a nitrile group).

Examples of the non-fluorine-containing monomer include methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl acrylate, propyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate, hexyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, ethyl vinyl ether, cyclohexyl vinyl ether, and the like. Among the non-fluorine-containing monomers, butyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate and acrylic acid are preferable.

Examples of the fluorine-containing monomer include perfluoroolefins such as hexafluoropropylene [ HFP ]; hydrogen-containing fluoroolefins such as trifluoroethylene and vinylidene fluoride [ VDF ]; perhaloolefins such as chlorotrifluoroethylene; a perfluorovinyl ether; (perfluoroalkyl) ethylene, and the like.

The perfluorovinyl ether is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include those represented by the following general formula (a):

CF₂＝CF-ORf (A)

and (wherein Rf represents a perfluoroorganic group). In the present specification, the "perfluoro organic group" refers to an organic group in which all hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms are replaced with fluorine atoms. The aforementioned perfluoroorganic group may have an ether oxygen.

Examples of the perfluorovinyl ether include perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) [ PAVE ] in which Rf in the general formula (a) is a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. The perfluoroalkyl group preferably has 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

Examples of the perfluoroalkyl group in PAVE include a perfluoromethyl group, a perfluoroethyl group, a perfluoropropyl group, a perfluorobutyl group, a perfluoropentyl group, and a perfluorohexyl group.

The perfluorovinyl ether may further include a monomer represented by the general formula (A) wherein Rf is a C4-9 perfluoro (alkoxyalkyl) group, and Rf is represented by the following formula:

[ solution 2]

(wherein m represents 0 or an integer of 1 to 4), and Rf is represented by the following formula:

[ solution 3]

(wherein n represents an integer of 1 to 4) or the like.

As the hydrogen-containing fluoroolefin, CH may be mentioned ₂＝CF₂、CFH＝CH₂、CFH＝CF₂、CF₂＝CFCF₃、CH₂＝CFCF₃、CH₂＝CHCF₃、CHF＝CHCF₃(E-form), CHF ═ CHCF₃(Z body), etc.

The (perfluoroalkyl) ethylene (PFAE) is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include (perfluorobutyl) ethylene (PFBE), and (perfluorohexyl) ethylene.

The above-mentioned modified monomer is also preferably exemplified by a comonomer (3) having a monomer reactivity ratio of 0.1 to 8. By the presence of the comonomer (3), PTFE particles having a small particle diameter can be obtained, and an aqueous dispersion having high dispersion stability can be obtained.

Here, the monomer reactivity ratio in copolymerization with TFE is a value obtained as follows: when the growth radical is smaller than the repeating unit based on TFE, the rate constant at the time when the growth radical reacts with TFE is divided by the rate constant at the time when the growth radical reacts with the comonomer, and the obtained value is the monomer reactivity ratio. The lower the value, the higher the reactivity of the comonomer with TFE. The monomer reactivity ratio can be calculated as follows: the composition of the resulting polymer immediately after the initiation of copolymerization of TFE and a comonomer was determined and calculated from Fineman-Ross formula.

The copolymerization was carried out in a stainless steel autoclave having an internal volume of 6.0L using 3600g of deionized and degassed water, 1000ppm of ammonium perfluorooctanoate relative to the water, and 100g of paraffin wax under a pressure of 0.78MPa and a temperature of 70 ℃. 0.05g, 0.1g, 0.2g, 0.5g and 1.0g of a comonomer were fed into the reactor, respectively, and 0.072g of ammonium persulfate (20 ppm relative to water) was fed thereto, and TFE was continuously fed so as to maintain a polymerization pressure of 0.78 MPa. When the amount of TFE fed reached 1000g, the stirring was stopped and the pressure was released until the reactor reached atmospheric pressure. After cooling, the paraffin wax was separated, thereby obtaining an aqueous dispersion containing the resulting polymer. The resulting aqueous dispersion was stirred to precipitate a polymer, and dried at 150 ℃. The composition of the resulting polymer was calculated by appropriately combining NMR, FT-IR, elemental analysis, and fluorescent X-ray analysis depending on the type of the monomer.

The comonomer (3) having a monomer reactivity ratio of 0.1 to 8 is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of comonomers represented by formulae (3a) to (3 d).

CH₂＝CH-Rf¹ (3a)

(wherein Rf¹Is a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. )

CF₂＝CF-O-Rf² (3b)

(wherein Rf²Is a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms. )

CF₂＝CF-O-(CF₂)_nCF＝CF₂ (3c)

(wherein n is 1 or 2.)

[ solution 4]

(in the formula, X³And X⁴F, Cl or methoxy, Y is of formula Y1 or Y2. )

[ solution 5]

-CF＝CF- (Y1)

(in the formula Y2, Z and Z' are F or a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.)

The content of the comonomer (3) unit is preferably in the range of 0.0001 to 1% by mass based on the total polymerized units of PTFE. The lower limit is more preferably 0.001 mass%, still more preferably 0.005 mass%, and particularly preferably 0.009 mass%. The upper limit is more preferably 0.5% by mass, still more preferably 0.3% by mass, particularly preferably 0.1% by mass, and particularly preferably 0.05% by mass.

The modified monomer is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of hexafluoropropylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, vinylidene fluoride, fluoro (alkyl vinyl ether), (perfluoroalkyl) ethylene, and a modified monomer having a functional group reactive in radical polymerization and a hydrophilic group, because an aqueous dispersion liquid having a small average primary particle diameter and excellent stability of polytetrafluoroethylene can be obtained. By using the modified monomer, an aqueous dispersion of PTFE having a smaller average primary particle diameter, a smaller aspect ratio of primary particles, and excellent dispersion stability can be obtained.

From the viewpoint of reactivity with TFE, the modifying monomer preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of hexafluoropropylene, perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether), and (perfluoroalkyl) ethylene, and more preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of hexafluoropropylene, perfluoro (methyl vinyl ether), perfluoro (propyl vinyl ether), (perfluorobutyl) ethylene, (perfluorohexyl) ethylene, and (perfluorooctyl) ethylene.

The total amount of the above hexafluoropropylene unit, perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) unit and (perfluoroalkyl) ethylene unit is preferably in the range of 0.00001 to 1 mass% with respect to the total polymerized units of PTFE. The lower limit of the total amount is more preferably 0.0001% by mass, still more preferably 0.001% by mass, yet more preferably 0.005% by mass, and particularly preferably 0.009% by mass. The upper limit of the modified monomer unit is more preferably 0.5% by mass, still more preferably 0.3% by mass, particularly preferably 0.1% by mass, still more preferably 0.05% by mass, and yet still more preferably 0.01% by mass.

The above-mentioned modifying monomer also preferably contains a modifying monomer having a functional group capable of reacting in radical polymerization and a hydrophilic group (hereinafter also referred to as "modifying monomer (a)").

The presence of the modified monomer (a) can provide PTFE particles having a small primary particle diameter, and can provide an aqueous dispersion having high dispersion stability. In addition, the amount of non-precipitated polymer can be reduced. Further, the aspect ratio of the primary particles can be reduced.

The amount of the modifying monomer (A) used is preferably more than 0.1ppm, more preferably 5ppm or more, and still more preferably 10ppm or more based on the aqueous medium. If the amount of the modified monomer (a) is too small, the particle diameter of the obtained PTFE may become large.

The amount of the modifying monomer (A) may be in the above range, and for example, the upper limit can be set to 5000 ppm. In the above production method, the modifying monomer (a) may be added to the system during the reaction in order to improve the stability of the aqueous dispersion during or after the reaction.

Since the modified monomer (a) has high water solubility, even if unreacted modified monomer (a) remains in the aqueous dispersion, it can be easily removed in the concentration step or the precipitation and washing step, similarly to the fluorine-containing compound described later.

The modified monomer (A) is incorporated into the resulting polymer during the polymerization, but the concentration of the modified monomer (A) in the polymerization system is low, and the amount of the modified monomer (A) incorporated into the polymer is small, so that there is no problem that the heat resistance of PTFE is lowered or coloring after firing is caused.

Examples of the hydrophilic group in the modified monomer (A) include-NH₂、-PO₃M、-OPO₃M、-SO₃M、-OSO₃M and-COOM (in the formula, M is H, metal atom, NR)^7y ₄Imidazolium with or without substituents, pyridinium with or without substituents or phosphonium with or without substituents, R^7yAre H or an organic group, which may be the same or different. Any 2 of which may be bonded to each other to form a ring). As the above hydrophilic group, -SO is preferable₃M or-COOM.

As R^7yThe organic group in (1) is preferably an alkyl group. As R^7yPreferably H or C_1-10More preferably H or C_1-4Further preferably H or C_1-4Alkyl group of (1).

Examples of the metal atom include a metal atom having a valence of 1 and a metal atom having a valence of 2, and examples thereof include an alkali metal (group 1), an alkaline earth metal (group 2), and the like, and preferably include Na, K, and Li.

Examples of the "functional group capable of reacting in radical polymerization" in the modified monomer (a) include groups having an ethylenically unsaturated bond such as a vinyl group and an allyl group. The group having an ethylenically unsaturated bond may be represented by the formula:

CX^eX^g＝CX^fR-

(in the formula, wherein,X^e、X^fand X^gEach independently of the other is F, Cl, H, CF₃、CF₂H、CFH₂Or CH₃(ii) a R is a linking group). Examples of the linking group of R include the following R ^aA linking group of (a). Preferably, the group-CH ═ CH₂、-CF＝CH₂、-CH＝CF₂、-CF＝CF₂、-CH₂-CH＝CH₂、-CF₂-CF＝CH₂、-CF₂-CF＝CF₂、-(C＝O)-CH＝CH₂、-(C＝O)-CF＝CH₂、-(C＝O)-CH＝CF₂、-(C＝O)-CF＝CF₂、-(C＝O)-C(CH₃)＝CH₂、-(C＝O)-C(CF₃)＝CH₂、-(C＝O)-C(CH₃)＝CF₂、-(C＝O)-C(CF₃)＝CF₂、-O-CH₂-CH＝CH₂、-O-CF₂-CF＝CH₂、-O-CH₂-CH＝CF₂、-O-CF₂-CF＝CF₂And the like having an unsaturated bond.

Since the modified monomer (a) has a functional group capable of reacting in radical polymerization, it is presumed that when used in the above polymerization, the modified monomer reacts with the fluorine-containing monomer at the initial stage of the polymerization reaction, has a hydrophilic group derived from the modified monomer (a), and can form particles with high stability. Therefore, it is considered that when the polymerization is carried out in the presence of the modified monomer (a), the number of particles increases.

In the above polymerization, the modified monomer (a) may be present in 1 kind, or may be present in 2 or more kinds.

In the above polymerization, as the modifying monomer (a), a compound having an unsaturated bond can be used.

The modifying monomer (A) is preferably of the general formula (4):

CXⁱX^k＝CX^jR^a-(CZ¹Z²)_k-Y³ (4)

(in the formula, Xⁱ、X^jAnd X^kEach independently of the others being F, Cl, H or CF₃；Y³Is a hydrophilic group; r^aIs a linking group; z¹And Z²Each independently H, F or CF₃And k is 0 or 1).

Examples of the hydrophilic group include-NH₂、-PO₃M、-OPO₃M、-SO₃M、-OSO₃M and-COOM (in the formula, M is H, metal atom, NR)^7y ₄Imidazolium with or without substituents, pyridinium with or without substituents or phosphonium with or without substituents, R ^7yAre H or an organic group, which may be the same or different. Any 2 of which may be bonded to each other to form a ring). As the above hydrophilic group, -SO is preferable₃M or-COOM. As R^7yThe organic group in (1) is preferably an alkyl group. As R^7yPreferably H or C_1-10More preferably H or C_1-4Further preferably H or C_1-4Alkyl group of (1). Examples of the metal atom include a metal atom having a valence of 1 and a metal atom having a valence of 2, and examples thereof include an alkali metal (group 1), an alkaline earth metal (group 2), and the like, and preferably include Na, K, and Li.

By using the modified monomer (a), an aqueous dispersion having a smaller average primary particle diameter and more excellent stability can be obtained. In addition, the aspect ratio of the primary particles can be further reduced.

R is as defined above^aIs a linking group. In the present specification, "linking group" means a divalent linking group. The linking group may be a single bond, preferably contains at least 1 carbon atom, and the number of carbon atoms may be 2 or more, may be 4 or more, may be 8 or more, may be 10 or more, and may be 20 or more. The upper limit is not limited, and may be, for example, 100 or less or 50 or less.

The linking group may have a chain or branched structure, a cyclic or acyclic structure, a saturated or unsaturated structure, a substituted or unsubstituted structure, and may contain 1 or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen, and may contain 1 or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of esters, amides, sulfonamides, carbonyls, carbonates, carbamates, ureas, and carbamates, if desired. The linking group does not contain a carbon atom, and may be a chain hetero atom such as oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen.

R is as defined above^aPreferred is a chain hetero atom such as oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen, or a 2-valent organic group.

R^aIn the case of a 2-valent organic group, the hydrogen atom bonded to the carbon atom may be substituted with a halogen other than fluorine, for example, chlorine, and may or may not contain a double bond. In addition, R^aThe polymer may be either a linear or branched one, or a cyclic or acyclic one. In addition, R^aFunctional groups (e.g., esters, ethers, ketones, amines, halides, etc.) may be included.

In addition, R^aMay be a non-fluorinated 2-valent organic group, or may be a partially fluorinated or perfluorinated 2-valent organic group.

As R^aThis may be, for example: a hydrocarbon group having no fluorine atom bonded to a carbon atom; a hydrocarbon group in which a part of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms is substituted with fluorine atoms; a hydrocarbon group in which all hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms are substituted with fluorine atoms; the hydrocarbon group containing- (C ═ O) -, - (C ═ O) -O-or- (C ═ O) -, may contain an oxygen atom, may contain a double bond, and may contain a functional group.

R^aThe hydrocarbon group may preferably contain a carbon number of 1 to 100, optionally a carbonyl group, and optionally an ether bond, and may contain fluorine in part or all of the hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbon atoms.

As R^aPreferably selected from- (CH)₂)_a-、-(CF₂)_a-、-O-(CF₂)_a-、-(CF₂)_a-O-(CF₂)_b-、-O(CF₂)_a-O-(CF₂)_b-、-(CF₂)_a-[O-(CF₂)_b]_c-、-O(CF₂)_a-[O-(CF₂)_b]_c-、-[(CF₂)_a-O]_b-[(CF₂)_c-O]_d-、-O[(CF₂)_a-O]_b-[(CF₂)_c-O]_d-、-O-[CF₂CF(CF₃)O]_a-(CF₂)_b-、-(C＝O)-、-(C＝O)-O-、-(C＝O)-(CH₂)_a-、-(C＝O)-(CF₂)_a-、-(C＝O)-O-(CH₂)_a-、-(C＝O)-O-(CF₂)_a-、-(C＝O)-[(CH₂)_a-O]_b-、-(C＝O)-[(CF₂)_a-O]_b-、-(C＝O)-O[(CH₂)_a-O]_b-、-(C＝O)-O[(CF₂)_a-O]_b-、-(C＝O)-O[(CH₂)_a-O]_b-(CH₂)_c-、-(C＝O)-O[(CF₂)_a-O]_b-(CF₂)_c-、-(C＝O)-(CH₂)_a-O-(CH₂)_b-、-(C＝O)-(CF₂)_a-O-(CF₂)_b-、-(C＝O)-O-(CH₂)_a-O-(CH₂)_b-、-(C＝O)-O-(CF₂)_a-O-(CF₂)_b-、-(C＝O)-O-C₆H₄-and combinations thereof.

Wherein a, b, c and d are independently at least 1 or more. a. b, c and d independently may be 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 10 or more, or 20 or more. a. The upper limit of b, c and d is, for example, 100.

As R^aA preferable specific example thereof is-CF₂-O-、-CF₂-O-CF₂-、-CF₂-O-CH₂-、-CF₂-O-CH₂CF₂-、-CF₂-O-CF₂CF₂-、-CF₂-O-CF₂CH₂-、-CF₂-O-CF₂CF₂CH₂-、-CF₂-O-CF(CF₃)-、-CF₂-O-CF(CF₃)CF₂-、-CF₂-O-CF(CF₃)CF₂-O-、-CF₂-O-CF(CF₃)CH₂-、-(C＝O)-、-(C＝O)-O-、-(C＝O)-(CH₂)-、-(C＝O)-(CF₂)-、-(C＝O)-O-(CH₂)-、-(C＝O)-O-(CF₂)-、-(C＝O)-[(CH₂)₂-O]_n-、-(C＝O)-[(CF₂)₂-O]_n-、-(C＝O)-O[(CH₂)₂-O]_n-、-(C＝O)-O[(CF₂)₂-O]_n-、-(C＝O)-O[(CH₂)₂-O]_n-(CH₂)-、-(C＝O)-O[(CF₂)₂-O]_n-(CF₂)-、-(C＝O)-(CH₂)₂-O-(CH₂)-、-(C＝O)-(CF₂)₂-O-(CF₂)-、-(C＝O)-O-(CH₂)₂-O-(CH₂)-、-(C＝O)-O-(CF₂)₂-O-(CF₂)-、-(C＝O)-O-C₆H₄-and the like. Wherein, specifically, R is as defined above^apreferably-CF₂-O-、-CF₂-O-CF₂-、-CF₂-O-CF₂CF₂-、-CF₂-O-CF(CF₃)-、-CF₂-O-CF(CF₃)CF₂-、-CF₂-O-CF(CF₃)CF₂-O-、-(C＝O)-、-(C＝O)-O-、-(C＝O)-(CH₂)-、-(C＝O)-O-(CH₂)-、-(C＝O)-O[(CH₂)₂-O]_n-、-(C＝O)-O[(CH₂)₂-O]_n-(CH₂)-、-(C＝O)-(CH₂)₂-O-(CH₂) -, or- (C ═ O) -O-C₆H₄-。

In the above formula, n is an integer of 1 to 10.

as-R in the above general formula (4)^a-(CZ¹Z²)_k-, preferably-CF₂-O-CF₂-、-CF₂-O-CF(CF₃)-、-CF₂-O-C(CF₃)₂-、-CF₂-O-CF₂-CF₂-、-CF₂-O-CF₂-CF(CF₃)-、-CF₂-O-CF₂-C(CF₃)₂-、-CF₂-O-CF₂CF₂-CF₂-、-CF₂-O-CF₂CF₂-CF(CF₃)-、-CF₂-O-CF₂CF₂-C(CF₃)₂-、-CF₂-O-CF(CF₃)-CF₂-、-CF₂-O-CF(CF₃)-CF(CF₃)-、-CF₂-O-CF(CF₃)-C(CF₃)₂-、-CF₂-O-CF(CF₃)-CF₂-、-CF₂-O-CF(CF₃)-CF(CF₃)-、-CF₂-O-CF(CF₃)-C(CF₃)₂-、-CF₂-O-CF(CF₃)CF₂-CF₂-、-CF₂-O-CF(CF₃)CF₂-CF(CF₃)-、-CF₂-O-CF(CF₃)CF₂-C(CF₃)₂-、-CF₂-O-CF(CF₃)CF₂-O-CF₂-、-CF₂-O-CF(CF₃)CF₂-O-CF(CF₃)-、-CF₂-O-CF(CF₃)CF₂-O-C(CF₃)₂-、-(C＝O)-、-(C＝O)-O-、-(C＝O)-(CH₂)-、-(C＝O)-(CF₂)-、-(C＝O)-O-(CH₂)-、-(C＝O)-O-(CF₂)-、-(C＝O)-[(CH₂)₂-O]_n-(CH₂)-、-(C＝O)-[(CF₂)₂-O]_n-(CF₂)-、-(C＝O)-[(CH₂)₂-O]_n-(CH₂)-(CH₂)-、-(C＝O)-[(CF₂)₂-O]_n-(CF₂)-(CF₂)-、-(C＝O)-O[(CH₂)₂-O]_n-(CF₂)-、-(C＝O)-O[(CH₂)₂-O]_n-(CH₂)-(CH₂)-、-(C＝O)-O[(CF₂)₂-O]_n-(CF₂)-、-(C＝O)-O[(CF₂)₂-O]_n-(CF₂)-(CF₂)-、-(C＝O)-(CH₂)₂-O-(CH₂)-(CH₂)-、-(C＝O)-(CF₂)₂-O-(CF₂)-(CF₂)-、-(C＝O)-O-(CH₂)₂-O-(CH₂)-(CH₂)-、-(C＝O)-O-(CF₂)₂-O-(CF₂)-(CF₂)-、-(C＝O)-O-(CH₂)₂-O-(CH₂)-C(CF₃)₂-、-(C＝O)-O-(CF₂)₂-O-(CF₂)-C(CF₃)₂-、Or- (C ═ O) -O-C₆H₄-C(CF₃)₂-, more preferably-CF₂-O-CF(CF₃)-、-CF₂-O-CF₂-CF(CF₃)-、-CF₂-O-CF₂CF₂-CF(CF₃)-、-CF₂-O-CF(CF₃)-CF(CF₃)-、-CF₂-O-CF(CF₃)CF₂-CF(CF₃)-、-CF₂-O-CF(CF₃)CF₂-O-CF(CF₃)-、-(C＝O)-、-(C＝O)-O-(CH₂)-、-(C＝O)-O-(CH₂)-(CH₂)-、-(C＝O)-O[(CH₂)₂-O]_n-(CH₂)-(CH₂)-、-(C＝O)-O-(CH₂)₂-O-(CH₂)-C(CF₃)₂-, or- (C ═ O) -O-C₆H₄-C(CF₃)₂-。

In the above formula, n is an integer of 1 to 10.

Specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula (4) include

[ solution 6]

(in the formula, X^jAnd Y³As described above. n is an integer of 1 to 10), and the like.

As R^aPreferably, the following general formula (r 1):

-(C＝O)_h-(O)_i-CF₂-O-(CX⁶ ₂)_e-{O-CF(CF₃)}_f-(O)_g- (r1)

(in the formula, X⁶Each independently H, F or CF₃E is an integer of 0 to 3, f is an integer of 0 to 3, g is 0 or 1, h is 0 or 1, i is 0 or 1), and the following general formula (r2) is also preferable:

-(C＝O)_h-(O)_i-CF₂-O-(CX⁷ ₂)_e-(O)_g- (r2)

(in the formula, X⁷Each is independentThe standing place is H, F or CF₃E is an integer of 0 to 3, g is 0 or 1, h is 0 or 1, and i is a 2-valent group represented by 0 or 1).

as-R of the above general formula (4)^a-(CZ¹Z²)_kThe following formula (t1) is also preferred:

-(C＝O)_h-(O)_i-CF₂-O-(CX⁶ ₂)_e-{O-CF(CF₃)}_f-(O)_g-CZ¹Z²- (t1)

(in the formula, X⁶Each independently H, F or CF₃E is an integer of 0 to 3, f is an integer of 0 to 3, g is 0 or 1, h is 0 or 1, i is 0 or 1, Z¹And Z²Each independently is F or CF₃) The 2-valent group shown in the formula (t1), Z¹And Z²More preferably, one is F and the other is CF₃。

In the above general formula (4), the group represented by the formula-R^a-(CZ¹Z²)_kThe following formula (t2) is also preferred:

-(C＝O)_h-(O)_i-CF₂-O-(CX⁷ ₂)_e-(O)_g-CZ¹Z²- (t2)

(in the formula, X⁷Each independently H, F or CF₃E is an integer of 0 to 3, g is 0 or 1, h is 0 or 1, i is 0 or 1, Z¹And Z²Each independently H, F or CF₃) The 2-valent group shown in the formula (t2), Z¹And Z²More preferably, one is F and the other is CF₃。

The compound represented by the formula (4) is also preferably selected in addition to the hydrophilic group (Y)³) And has no C-H bond and a C-F bond. That is, in the general formula (4), X is preferableⁱ、X^jAnd X^kAll are F, R^aThe perfluoroalkylene group may be any of a chain and a branched chain, may be any of a cyclic and an acyclic, and may contain at least 1 chain hetero atom. The number of carbon atoms of the perfluoroalkylene group may be 2 to 20, or 4 to 18.

The compounds of formula (4) may also be partially fluorinated. That is, the compound represented by the general formula (4) is also preferably selected from hydrophilic groups (Y) ³) And has at least 1 hydrogen atom bonded to a carbon atom and has at least 1 fluorine atom bonded to a carbon atom.

The compound represented by the general formula (4) is also preferably a compound represented by the following formula (4 a).

CF₂＝CF-O-Rf⁰-Y³(4a)

(in the formula, Y³Is a hydrophilic group, Rf⁰The perfluorinated compound is a perfluorinated divalent linking group which is perfluorinated, may have a chain or branched chain structure, a cyclic or acyclic structure, a saturated or unsaturated structure, a substituted or unsubstituted structure, and optionally additionally contains 1 or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. )

The compound represented by the general formula (4) is also preferably a compound represented by the following formula (4 b).

CH₂＝CH-O-Rf⁰-Y³(4b)

(in the formula, Y³Is a hydrophilic group, Rf⁰A per-fluorinated divalent linking group as defined for formula (4 a). )

In the general formula (4), Y³is-OSO₃M is one of the preferred modes. At Y³is-OSO₃In the case of M, CF is exemplified as the compound represented by the general formula (4)₂＝CF(OCF₂CF₂CH₂OSO₃M)、CH₂＝CH((CF₂)₄CH₂OSO₃M)、CF₂＝CF(O(CF₂)₄CH₂OSO₃M)、CF₂＝CF(OCF₂CF(CF₃)CH₂OSO₃M)、CF₂＝CF(OCF₂CF(CF₃)OCF₂CF₂CH₂OSO₃M)、CH₂＝CH((CF₂)₄CH₂OSO₃M)、CF₂＝CF(OCF₂CF₂SO₂N(CH₃)CH₂CH₂OSO₃M)、CH₂＝CH(CF₂CF₂CH₂OSO₃M)、CF₂＝CF(OCF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂SO₂N(CH₃)CH₂CH₂OSO₃M)、CH₂＝CH(CF₂CF₂CH₂OSO₃M), and the like. In the above formula, M is the same as described above.

In the general formula (4), Y³is-SO₃M is also one of the preferred modes. At Y³is-SO₃In the case of M, CF is exemplified as the compound represented by the general formula (4)₂＝CF(OCF₂CF₂SO₃M)、CF₂＝CF(O(CF₂)₄SO₃M)、CF₂＝CF(OCF₂CF(CF₃)SO₃M)、CF₂＝CF(OCF₂CF(CF₃)OCF₂CF₂SO₃M)、CH₂＝CH(CF₂CF₂SO₃M)、CF₂＝CF(OCF₂CF(CF₃)OCF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂SO₃M)、CH₂＝CH((CF₂)₄SO₃M)、CH₂＝CH(CF₂CF₂SO₃M)、CH₂＝CH((CF₂)₄SO₃M), and the like. In the above formula, M is the same as described above.

In the general formula (4), Y³It is also one of the preferred modes to be-COOM. At Y³In the case of-COOM, CF is mentioned as the compound represented by the general formula (4) ₂＝CF(OCF₂CF₂COOM)、CF₂＝CF(OCF₂CF₂CF₂COOM)、CF₂＝CF(O(CF₂)₅COOM)、CF₂＝CF(OCF₂CF(CF₃)COOM)、CF₂＝CF(OCF₂CF(CF₃)O(CF₂)_nCOOM) (n is more than 1), CH₂＝CH(CF₂CF₂COOM)、CH₂＝CH((CF₂)₄COOM)、CH₂＝CH(CF₂CF₂COOM)、CH₂＝CH((CF₂)₄COOM)、CF₂＝CF(OCF₂CF₂SO₂NR’CH₂COOM)、CF₂＝CF(O(CF₂)₄SO₂NR’CH₂COOM)、CF₂＝CF(OCF₂CF(CF₃)SO₂NR’CH₂COOM)、CF₂＝CF(OCF₂CF(CF₃)OCF₂CF₂SO₂NR’CH₂COOM)、CH₂＝CH(CF₂CF₂SO₂NR’CH₂COOM)、CF₂＝CF(OCF₂CF(CF₃)OCF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂SO₂NR’CH₂COOM)、CH₂＝CH((CF₂)₄SO₂NR’CH₂COOM)、CH₂＝CH(CF₂CF₂SO₂NR’CH₂COOM)、CH₂＝CH((CF₂)₄SO₂NR’CH₂COOM), and the like. In the above formula, R' is H or C_1-4Alkyl, M are the same as described above.

In the general formula (4), Y³is-OPO₃M is also one of the preferred modes. At Y³is-OPO₃In the case of M, CF is exemplified as the compound represented by the general formula (4)₂＝CF(OCF₂CF₂CH₂OP(O)(OM)₂)、CF₂＝CF(O(CF₂)₄CH₂OP(O)(OM)₂)、CF₂＝CF(OCF₂CF(CF₃)CH₂OP(O)(OM)₂)、CF₂＝CF(OCF₂CF(CF₃)OCF₂CF₂CH₂OP(O)(OM)₂)、CF₂＝CF(OCF₂CF₂SO₂N(CH₃)CH₂CH₂OP(O)(OM)₂)、CF₂＝CF(OCF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂SO₂N(CH₃)CH₂CH₂OP(O)(OM)₂)、CH₂＝CH(CF₂CF₂CH₂OP(O)(OM)₂、CH₂＝CH((CF₂)₄CH₂OP(O)(OM)₂)、CH₂＝CH(CF₂CF₂CH₂OP(O)(OM)₂)、CH₂＝CH((CF₂)₄CH₂OP(O)(OM)₂) And the like. In the above formula, M is the same as described above.

In the general formula (4), Y³is-PO₃M is also one of the preferred modes. At Y³is-PO₃In the case of M, CF is exemplified as the compound represented by the general formula (4)₂＝CF(OCF₂CF₂P(O)(OM)₂)、CF₂＝CF(O(CF₂)₄P(O)(OM)₂)、CF₂＝CF(OCF₂CF(CF₃)P(O)(OM)₂)、CF₂＝CF(OCF₂CF(CF₃)OCF₂CF₂P(O)(OM)₂)、CH₂＝CH(CF₂CF₂P(O)(OM)₂)、CH₂＝CH((CF₂)₄P(O)(OM)₂)、CH₂＝CH(CF₂CF₂P(O)(OM)₂)、CH₂＝CH((CF₂)₄P(O)(OM)₂) And the like, wherein M is the same as described above.

The compound represented by the above general formula (4) is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of the following monomers, the monomers being represented by the following general formula (5):

CX₂＝CY(-CZ₂-O-Rf-Y³) (5)

(wherein X is the same or different and is-H or-F, Y is-H, -F, alkyl or fluoroalkyl, and Z is the same or different and is-H, -F, alkyl or fluoroalkyl Rf is a fluoroalkylene group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms or a fluoroalkylene group having 2 to 100 carbon atoms and having an ether bond.Y³The same as described above). ) A monomer as shown; the following general formula (6):

CX₂＝CY(-O-Rf-Y³) (6)

(wherein X is-H or-F, Y is-H, -F, alkyl or fluoroalkyl, and Rf is a C1-40 fluoroalkylene group or a C2-100 fluoroalkylene group having an ether bond.) Y ³The same as above); and the following general formula (7):

CX₂＝CY(-Rf-Y³) (7)

(wherein X is-H or-F, Y is-H, -F, alkyl or fluoroalkyl, and Rf is a C1-40 fluoroalkylene group or a C2-100 fluoroalkylene group having an ether bond.) Y³The same as described above).

The fluorine-containing alkylene group having an ether bond and having 2 to 100 carbon atoms is an alkylene group having an ether bond between carbon and carbon atoms, which does not have an oxygen atom as a terminal structure.

In the general formula (5), X is-H or-F. X may be both-F or at least one of-H. For example, one may be-F and the other may be-H, or both may be-H.

In the general formula (5), Y is-H, -F, alkyl or fluoroalkyl.

The alkyl group may be an alkyl group containing no fluorine atom and having 1 or more carbon atoms. The number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is preferably 6 or less, more preferably 4 or less, and still more preferably 3 or less.

The fluoroalkyl group may be an alkyl group containing at least 1 fluorine atom and having 1 or more carbon atoms. The number of carbon atoms of the fluoroalkyl group is preferably 6 or less, more preferably 4 or less, and still more preferably 3 or less.

As Y, preferred is-H, -F or-CF₃And more preferably-F.

In the above general formula (5), Z, which may be the same or different, is-H, -F, alkyl or fluoroalkyl.

The alkyl group may be an alkyl group containing no fluorine atom and having 1 or more carbon atoms. The number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is preferably 6 or less, more preferably 4 or less, and still more preferably 3 or less.

The fluoroalkyl group may be an alkyl group containing at least 1 fluorine atom and having 1 or more carbon atoms. The number of carbon atoms of the fluoroalkyl group is preferably 6 or less, more preferably 4 or less, and still more preferably 3 or less.

As the above Z, preferred is-H, -F or-CF₃And more preferably-F.

In the above general formula (5), at least one of X, Y and Z preferably contains a fluorine atom. For example, X may be-H, and Y and Z may be-F.

In the general formula (5), Rf is a C1-40 fluoroalkylene group or a C2-100 fluoroalkylene group having an ether bond.

The number of carbon atoms of the fluorinated alkylene group is preferably 2 or more. Further, it is preferably 30 or less, more preferably 20 or less, and still more preferably 10 or less. Examples of the fluoroalkylene group include-CF₂-、-CH₂CF₂-、-CF₂CF₂-、-CF₂CH₂-、-CF₂CF₂CH₂-、-CF(CF₃)-、-CF(CF₃)CF₂-、-CF(CF₃)CH₂-and the like. The above-mentioned fluoroalkylene group is preferably a perfluoroalkylene group.

The number of carbon atoms of the fluorinated alkylene group having an ether bond is preferably 3 or more. The number of carbon atoms of the fluorinated alkylene group having an ether bond is preferably 60 or less, more preferably 30 or less, and still more preferably 12 or less.

As the fluorine-containing alkylene group having an ether bond, for example, also preferred is the following formula:

[ solution 7]

(in the formula, Z¹Is F or CF₃；Z²And Z³Are H or F respectively; z⁴Is H, F or CF₃(ii) a p1+ q1+ r1 is an integer of 1-10; s1 is 0 or 1; t1 is an integer of 0 to 5).

Specific examples of the fluorinated alkylene group having an ether bond include-CF (CF)₃)CF₂-O-CF(CF₃)-、-(CF(CF₃)CF₂-O)_n-CF(CF₃) - (wherein n is an integer of 1 to 10), -CF (CF)₃)CF₂-O-CF(CF₃)CH₂-、-(CF(CF₃)CF₂-O)_n-CF(CF₃)CH₂- (where, n is 1 &)10) and-CH, -CH₂CF₂CF₂O-CH₂CF₂CH₂-、-CF₂CF₂CF₂O-CF₂CF₂-、-CF₂CF₂CF₂O-CF₂CF₂CH₂-、-CF₂CF₂O-CF₂-、-CF₂CF₂O-CF₂CH₂-and the like. The fluorine-containing alkylene group having an ether bond is preferably a perfluoroalkylene group.

In the above general formula (5), Y³is-COOM, -SO₃M or-OSO₃M (M is H, a metal atom, NR)^7y ₄Imidazolium with or without substituents, pyridinium with or without substituents or phosphonium with or without substituents, R^7yAre H or an organic group, which may be the same or different. Any 2 of which may be bonded to each other to form a ring).

As R^7yThe organic group in (1) is preferably an alkyl group.

As R^7yPreferably H or C_1-10More preferably H or C _1-4Further preferably H or C_1-4Alkyl group of (1).

Examples of the metal atom include alkali metals (group 1), alkaline earth metals (group 2), and the like, and Na, K, and Li are preferable.

As the above M, preferred is-H, a metal atom or-NR^7y ₄More preferably-H, alkali metal (group 1), alkaline earth metal (group 2) or-NR^7y ₄Further, it is preferably-H, -Na, -K, -Li or-NH₄Further more preferably-Na, -K or-NH₄Particularly preferred is-Na or-NH₄Most preferably-NH₄。

As the above Y³preferably-COOM or-SO₃M, more preferably-COOM.

The monomer represented by the general formula (5) is preferably a monomer (5a) represented by the following general formula (5 a).

CH₂＝CF(-CF₂-O-Rf-Y³) (5a)

(wherein Rf and Y³As described above. )

Specific examples of the monomer represented by the general formula (5a) include

[ solution 8]

(in the formula, Z¹Is F or CF₃；Z²And Z³Are H or F respectively; z⁴Is H, F or CF₃(ii) a p1+ q1+ r1 is an integer of 0-10; s1 is 0 or 1; t1 is an integer of 0 to 5, Y³As described above. Wherein Z is³And Z⁴P1+ q1+ r1+ s1 is not 0) in all cases. More specifically, preferred examples thereof include

[ solution 9]

Etc., among them, preferred are

[ solution 10]

As the monomer represented by the above general formula (5a), Y in the formula (5a) is preferable³is-COOM, particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of CH₂＝CFCF₂OCF(CF₃) COOM and CH₂＝CFCF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF(CF₃) COOM (wherein M is as defined above), more preferably CH ₂＝CFCF₂OCF(CF₃)COOM。

The monomer represented by the general formula (5) is preferably a monomer (5b) represented by the following general formula (5 b).

CX² ₂＝CFCF₂-O-(CF(CF₃)CF₂O)_n5-CF(CF₃)-Y³ (5b)

(in the formula, each X²The same indicates F or H. n5 represents 0 or a whole number of 1 to 10Number, Y³As defined above. )

In the formula (5b), n5 is preferably 0 or an integer of 1 to 5, more preferably 0, 1 or 2, and even more preferably 0 or 1, from the viewpoint of stability of the aqueous dispersion obtained. The above Y is a group of compounds having a suitable water solubility and stability of the aqueous dispersion³preferably-COOM¹In view of the difficulty of remaining as impurities and the improvement in heat resistance of the molded article obtained, the above M is used¹Preferably H or NH₄。

Examples of the perfluorovinyl alkyl compound represented by the formula (5b) include CH₂＝CFCF₂OCF(CF₃)COOM¹、CH₂＝CFCF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF(CF₃)COOM¹(in the formula, M¹Same as defined above).

Further, examples of the monomer represented by the general formula (5) include a monomer represented by the following general formula (5 c).

CF₂＝CFCF₂-O-Rf-Y³ (5c)

(wherein Rf and Y³As described above. )

More specifically, there may be mentioned

[ solution 11]

And the like.

In the above general formula (6), X is-H or-F. X may be both-F or at least one of-H. For example, one may be-F and the other may be-H, or both may be-H.

In the general formula (6), Y is-H, -F, alkyl or fluoroalkyl.

The alkyl group may be an alkyl group containing no fluorine atom and having 1 or more carbon atoms. The number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is preferably 6 or less, more preferably 4 or less, and still more preferably 3 or less.

The fluoroalkyl group may be an alkyl group containing at least 1 fluorine atom and having 1 or more carbon atoms. The number of carbon atoms of the fluoroalkyl group is preferably 6 or less, more preferably 4 or less, and still more preferably 3 or less.

As Y, preferred is-H, -F or-CF₃And more preferably-F.

In the above general formula (6), at least one of the above X and Y preferably contains a fluorine atom. For example, X may be-H, and Y and Z may be-F.

In the general formula (6), Rf is a C1-40 fluoroalkylene group or a C2-100 fluoroalkylene group having an ether bond.

The number of carbon atoms of the fluorinated alkylene group is preferably 2 or more. The number of carbon atoms of the fluorinated alkylene group is preferably 30 or less, more preferably 20 or less, and still more preferably 10 or less. Examples of the fluoroalkylene group include-CF₂-、-CH₂CF₂-、-CF₂CF₂-、-CF₂CH₂-、-CF₂CF₂CH₂-、-CF(CF₃)-、-CF(CF₃)CF₂-、-CF(CF₃)CH₂-and the like. The above-mentioned fluoroalkylene group is preferably a perfluoroalkylene group.

The modified monomer (a) is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the following formulae (6a) to (6 f).

CF₂＝CF-(CF₂)_n1-Y³ (6a)

(wherein n1 represents an integer of 1 to 10, and Y represents³represents-SO₃M¹or-COOM¹，M¹Represents H, a metal atom, NR^7y ₄Imidazolium with or without substituents, pyridinium with or without substituents or phosphonium with or without substituents, R^7yRepresents H or an organic group. )

CF₂＝CF-(CF₂C(CF₃)F)_n2-Y³ (6b)

(wherein n2 represents an integer of 1 to 5, and Y represents³As defined above. )

CF₂＝CF-O-(CFX¹)_n3-Y³ (6c)

(in the formula, X¹Represents F or CF₃N3 represents an integer of 1 to 10, Y³As defined above. )

CF₂＝CF-O-(CF₂CFX¹O)_n4-CF₂CF₂-Y³ (6d)

(wherein n4 represents an integer of 1 to 10, and Y represents³And X¹As defined above. )

CF₂＝CF-O-(CF₂CF₂CFX¹O)_n5-CF₂CF₂CF₂-Y³ (6e)

(wherein n5 represents an integer of 0 to 10, and Y represents³And X¹As defined above. )

As R^7yPreferably H or C_1-10More preferably H or C_1-4An organic group of (2).

Examples of the metal atom include a metal atom having a valence of 1 and a metal atom having a valence of 2, and examples thereof include an alkali metal (group 1), an alkaline earth metal (group 2), and the like, and preferably include Na, K, and Li.

In the formula (6a), n1 is preferably an integer of 5 or less, more preferably an integer of 2 or less. From the viewpoint of obtaining appropriate water solubility and surface activity, Y is³preferably-COOM¹M is difficult to remain as impurities and improves the heat resistance of the resulting molded article¹Preferably H or NH₄。

Examples of the monomer represented by the formula (6a) include CF ₂＝CFCF₂COOM¹(in the formula, M¹Same as defined above).

In the formula (6b), n2 is preferably an integer of 3 or less from the viewpoint of emulsifying ability, and Y is an integer of 3 or less from the viewpoint of obtaining appropriate water solubility and surface activity³preferably-COOM¹M is difficult to remain as impurities and improves the heat resistance of the resulting molded article¹Preferably H or NH₄。

In the above formula (6c), the water-soluble compound is selected fromIn view of the above, n3 is preferably an integer of 5 or less, and Y is an integer of 5 or less for obtaining appropriate water solubility and surface activity³preferably-COOM¹From the viewpoint of improving dispersion stability, M is¹Preferably H or NH₄。

In the above formula (6d), X is a group represented by the formula¹preferably-CF₃In view of water solubility, n4 is preferably an integer of 5 or less, and Y is an integer of 5 or less in view of obtaining appropriate water solubility and surface activity³preferably-COOM¹M above¹Preferably H or NH₄。

Examples of the monomer represented by the formula (6d) include CF₂＝CFOCF₂CF(CF₃)OCF₂CF₂COOM¹(in the formula, M¹Representation H, NH₄Or an alkali metal).

In the general formula (6e), n5 is preferably an integer of 5 or less from the viewpoint of water solubility, and Y is preferably an integer of 5 or less from the viewpoint of obtaining appropriate water solubility and stability of the aqueous dispersion ³preferably-COOM¹M above¹Preferably H or NH₄。

Examples of the monomer represented by the general formula (6e) include CF₂＝CFOCF₂CF₂CF₂COOM¹(in the formula, M¹Representation H, NH₄Or an alkali metal).

In the general formula (7), Rf is preferably a C1-40 fluoroalkylene group. In the general formula (7), at least one of X and Y preferably contains a fluorine atom.

The monomer represented by the above general formula (7) is preferably selected from the group consisting of the following general formula (7 a):

CF₂＝CF-(CF₂)_n1-Y³ (7a)

(wherein n1 represents an integer of 1 to 10, and Y represents³The same as defined above), and the following general formula (7 b):

CF₂＝CF-(CF₂C(CF₃)F)_n2-Y³ (7b)

(wherein n2 represents an integer of 1 to 5, and Y represents³Same as defined above) of the above-mentioned monomers.

Y is above³preferably-SO₃M¹or-COOM¹，M¹Preferably H, a metal atom, NR^7y ₄An imidazolium with or without substituents, a pyridinium with or without substituents or a phosphonium with or without substituents. R is as defined above^7yRepresents H or an organic group.

In the formula (7a), n1 is preferably an integer of 5 or less, more preferably an integer of 2 or less. The above Y is a group of compounds having a suitable water solubility and stability of the aqueous dispersion³preferably-COOM¹M is difficult to remain as impurities and improves the heat resistance of the resulting molded article ¹Preferably H or NH₄。

Examples of the perfluorovinyl alkyl compound represented by the formula (7a) include CF₂＝CFCF₂COOM¹(in the formula, M¹Same as defined above).

In the above formula (7b), n2 is preferably an integer of 3 or less from the viewpoint of stability of the aqueous dispersion to be obtained, and Y is an integer of appropriate water solubility and stability of the aqueous dispersion to be obtained³preferably-COOM¹M is difficult to remain as impurities and improves the heat resistance of the resulting molded article¹Preferably H or NH₄。

The modifying monomer preferably contains the modifying monomer (a), preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by general formula (5c), general formula (6a), general formula (6b), general formula (6c), and general formula (6d), and more preferably contains a compound represented by general formula (5 c).

When the modified monomer contains the modified monomer (a), the content of the polymerized units based on the modified monomer (a) is preferably in the range of 0.00001 to 1.0 mass% based on the total polymerized units of PTFE. The lower limit is more preferably 0.0001% by mass, more preferably 0.0005% by mass, still more preferably 0.001% by mass, yet more preferably 0.005% by mass, and particularly preferably 0.009% by mass. The upper limit is preferably 0.90% by mass, more preferably 0.50% by mass, even more preferably 0.40% by mass, even more preferably 0.30% by mass, particularly preferably 0.10% by mass, particularly preferably 0.08% by mass, particularly preferably 0.05% by mass, and even more preferably 0.01% by mass.

The PTFE may have a core-shell structure. The core-shell structure is a conventionally known structure, and is a structure of primary particles in an aqueous dispersion liquid that can be produced by a method described in U.S. Pat. No. 6841594 or the like.

Examples of the polytetrafluoroethylene having a core-shell structure include a core-shell structure including a core portion of TFE homopolymer and a shell portion of modified PTFE, a core-shell structure including a core portion of modified PTFE and a shell portion of TFE homopolymer, and a core-shell structure including a core portion of modified PTFE and a shell portion of modified PTFE having a monomer composition different from that of the modified PTFE constituting the core portion.

The core-shell structured PTFE can be obtained, for example, as follows: first, a core portion (TFE homopolymer or modified PTFE) is produced by polymerizing TFE and, if necessary, a modified monomer, and then a shell portion (TFE homopolymer or modified PTFE) is produced by polymerizing TFE and, if necessary, a modified monomer.

The shell section is a portion having a predetermined thickness from the surface of the PTFE primary particle to the inside of the particle, and the core section is a portion constituting the inside of the shell section.

In the present specification, the core-shell structure includes all of the following cases: (1) the case where the core portion and the shell portion have different monomer compositions; (2) the case where the core portion and the shell portion have the same monomer composition, and the number average molecular weights of the two portions are different; (3) the core portion and the shell portion have different monomer compositions, and the number average molecular weights of the two portions are also different.

When the shell portion is modified PTFE, the content of the modifying monomer in the shell portion is preferably 0.0001 to 1% by mass. More preferably 0.001 mass% or more, and still more preferably 0.01 mass% or more. Further, it is more preferably 0.5% by mass or less, and still more preferably 0.3% by mass or less.

When the core portion is modified PTFE, the content of the modified monomer in the core portion is preferably 0.00001 to 1.0 mass%. More preferably 0.0001% by mass or more, and still more preferably 0.001% by mass or more. Further, it is more preferably 0.50% by mass or less, and still more preferably 0.30% by mass or less.

The average primary particle diameter of the PTFE is preferably 500nm or less, more preferably 400nm or less, and still more preferably 350nm or less. The production method of the present invention can produce PTFE having a small average primary particle size. The lower limit of the average primary particle diameter is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 50nm or 100 nm. From the viewpoint of molecular weight, it is preferably 100nm or more, more preferably 150nm or more.

The average primary particle diameter can be measured by a dynamic light scattering method. The average primary particle size is determined by dynamic light scattering under conditions of 25 ℃, 1.3328 for the refractive index of the solvent (water), 0.8878mPa · s for the viscosity of the solvent (water), and 70 times of accumulation, to prepare an aqueous PTFE dispersion having a solid content concentration of about 1.0 mass%. As the dynamic light scattering method, for example, ELSZ-1000S (manufactured by Otsuka electronics Co., Ltd.) can be used.

The aspect ratio of the primary particles of PTFE is preferably 1.45 or less. The aspect ratio is more preferably 1.40 or less, further preferably 1.35 or less, further more preferably 1.30 or less, particularly preferably 1.25 or less, particularly preferably 1.20 or less, and particularly preferably 1.10 or less.

In the case of measurement in an aqueous dispersion, the aspect ratio is determined as follows: an aqueous dispersion of PTFE diluted to a solid content concentration of about 1 mass% was observed with a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and 400 or more particles extracted at random were subjected to image processing and determined from the average of the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis. In the case of powder measurement, the aspect ratio is determined as follows: the PTFE powder is irradiated with an electron beam, added to an aqueous solution of a fluorine-based surfactant, and redispersed by ultrasonic waves, whereby a PTFE aqueous dispersion can be obtained. From this aqueous PTFE dispersion, the aspect ratio was determined by the same method as that used for the measurement of the aqueous dispersion.

The PTFE has a Standard Specific Gravity (SSG) of preferably 2.280 or less, more preferably 2.200 or less, still more preferably 2.190 or less, and yet more preferably 2.180 or less. Further, it is preferably 2.130 or more. The SSG was measured by the displacement in water method according to ASTM D-792 using a sample molded according to ASTM D4895-89.

The PTFE may have a Thermal Instability Index (TII) of 20 or more. This PTFE is obtained by using a hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant. The TII is preferably 25 or more, more preferably 30 or more, and still more preferably 35 or more. Particularly preferably 40 or more. The TII is measured according to ASTM D4895-89.

The 0.1% weight loss temperature of the PTFE may be 400 ℃ or lower. This PTFE is obtained by using a hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant. The 0.1% weight loss temperature is a value measured by the following method.

About 10mg of PTFE powder which had not been heated to a temperature of 300 ℃ or higher was precisely weighed, stored in a dedicated aluminum pan, and measured by TG/DTA (differential thermal weight and thermal weight simultaneous measurement apparatus). With respect to the 0.1% weight loss temperature, the aluminum plate was heated at 10 ℃/min in a temperature range of 25 ℃ to 600 ℃ under an atmospheric atmosphere, and the temperature corresponding to the point at which the weight was reduced by 0.1 mass% was defined as the 0.1% weight loss temperature.

The 1.0% weight loss temperature of the PTFE may be 492 ℃ or less. This PTFE is obtained by using a hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant. The 1.0% weight loss temperature is a value measured by the following method.

About 10mg of PTFE powder which had not been heated to a temperature of 300 ℃ or higher was precisely weighed, stored in a dedicated aluminum pan, and measured by TG/DTA (differential thermal weight and thermal weight simultaneous measurement apparatus). With respect to the 1.0% weight loss temperature, the aluminum plate was heated at 10 ℃/min in the temperature range of 25 ℃ to 600 ℃ under the atmospheric atmosphere, and the temperature corresponding to the point at which the weight was reduced by 1.0% was defined as the 1.0% weight loss temperature.

The melting point of the PTFE is preferably 342 ℃ or lower, more preferably 341 ℃ or lower, and still more preferably 340 ℃ or lower. The melting point is a value measured by the following method.

About 10mg of the powder which was not heated to a temperature of 300 ℃ or higher was precisely weighed, stored in a dedicated aluminum pan, and measured by TG/DTA (differential thermal gravimetric analysis device). The melting point was determined by raising the temperature of the aluminum plate at 10 ℃/min in the temperature range of 25 ℃ to 600 ℃ in the atmospheric atmosphere and setting the temperature corresponding to the maximum value of the differential thermal energy (DTA) curve as the melting point.

The extrusion pressure of the PTFE is preferably 50.0MPa or less, more preferably 40.0MPa or less, preferably 5.0MPa or more, more preferably 10.0MPa or more, and even more preferably 15.0MPa or more. The extrusion pressure is a value determined by the following method.

21.7g of a lubricant (trade name: Isopar H (registered trademark), manufactured by Exxon corporation) was added to 100g of PTFE powder, and the mixture was mixed in a glass bottle at room temperature for 3 minutes. Next, the glass bottle was left at room temperature (25 ℃ C.) for at least 1 hour before extrusion to obtain a lubricating resin. Lubricating resin was passed through a hole (diameter 2.5mm, land length 11mm, lead-in angle 30 °) at room temperature at a rate of 100: a uniform bead (extrusion molded article) was obtained by paste extrusion at a reduction ratio of 1. The extrusion speed, i.e., the ram speed, was set to 20 inches/minute (51 cm/minute). The extrusion pressure is a value obtained as follows: the extrusion pressure was determined as the value obtained by measuring the load at which the extrusion load reached an equilibrium state in paste extrusion, and dividing the load by the cross-sectional area of the cylinder used for paste extrusion.

The PTFE described above generally has stretchability, fibrillating properties, and non-melt secondary processability.

The above-mentioned non-melt secondary processability means a property that the melt flow rate cannot be measured at a temperature higher than the crystallization melting point according to ASTM D-1238 and D-2116, that is, a property that it does not flow easily in the melting temperature region.

The production method of the present invention includes a polymerization step of polymerizing tetrafluoroethylene in an aqueous medium in the presence of a nucleating agent and a hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant to obtain polytetrafluoroethylene.

Examples of the hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant include those described in Japanese patent application laid-open Nos. 2013-542308, 2013-542309, and 2013-542310.

The hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant may be a surfactant having a hydrophilic portion and a hydrophobic portion in the same molecule.

The hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant generally has a hydrophilic portion such as carboxylate, sulfonate or sulfate, and a hydrophobic portion such as alkyl as a long-chain hydrocarbon portion.

The above-mentioned hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant may further include a surfactant represented by the formula R-L-M (wherein R represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms which may have a substituent or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 or more carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and may contain a heterocyclic ring having 1 or 2 valences or may form a ring when the number of carbon atoms is 3 or more L represents-ArSO ₃ ^-、-SO₃ ^-、-SO₄-、-PO₃ ^-or-COO^-M is H, a metal atom, NR⁵ ₄An imidazolium with or without substituents, a pyridinium with or without substituents, or a phosphonium with or without substituents, R⁵Is H or an organic radical, -ArSO₃ ^-Aryl sulfonate) as a surfactant.

Specifically, there may be mentioned CH represented by lauric acid₃-(CH₂)_nL-M (wherein n is an integer of 6 to 17, and L and M are the same as described above).

A mixture of a substance in which R is an alkyl group having 12 to 16 carbon atoms and L is a sulfate or Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) may also be used.

As other compounds having surface-active ability, there may be mentioned compounds represented by the formula R⁶(-L-M)₂(in the formula, R⁶Is a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 or more carbon atoms, which may have a substituent, or a cyclic alkylene group having 3 or more carbon atoms, which may have a substituentWhen the number of carbon atoms is 3 or more, a heterocyclic ring having a valence of 1 or 2 may be included, or a ring may be formed. L is-ArSO₃ ^-、-SO₃ ^-、-SO₄-、-PO₃ ^-or-COO^-M is H, a metal atom, NR⁵ ₄Imidazolium with or without substituents, pyridinium with or without substituents or phosphonium with or without substituents, R ⁵Is H or an organic radical, -ArSO₃ ^-Aryl sulfonate) as a surfactant.

The hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant may further include a surfactant represented by the formula R⁷(-L-M)₃(in the formula, R⁷The alkylene group may be a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 or more carbon atoms, which may have a substituent, or a cyclic alkylene group having 3 or more carbon atoms, which may have a substituent, and may contain a heterocyclic ring having 1 or 2 valences or may form a ring when the number of carbon atoms is 3 or more. L is-ArSO₃ ^-、-SO₃ ^-、-SO₄ ^-、-PO₃ ^-or-COO^-M is H, a metal atom, NR⁵ ₄Imidazolium with or without substituents, pyridinium with or without substituents or phosphonium with or without substituents, R⁵Is H or an organic group. -ArSO₃ ^-Aryl sulfonate) as a surfactant.

In the present specification, unless otherwise specified, "substituent" means a group that can be substituted. Examples of the "substituent" include: aliphatic group, aromatic group, heterocyclic group, acyl group, acyloxy group, acylamino group, aliphatic oxy group, aromatic oxy group, heterocyclic oxy group, aliphatic oxycarbonyl group, aromatic oxycarbonyl group, heterocyclic oxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group, aliphatic sulfonyl group, aromatic sulfonyl group, heterocyclic sulfonyl group, aliphatic sulfonyloxy group, aromatic sulfonyloxy group, heterocyclic sulfonyloxy group, sulfamoyl group, aliphatic sulfonamide group, aromatic sulfonamide group, heterocyclic sulfonamide group, amino group, aliphatic amino group, aromatic amino group, heterocyclic amino group, aliphatic oxycarbonylamino group, aromatic oxycarbonylamino group, heterocyclic oxycarbonylamino group, aliphatic sulfinyl group, aromatic sulfinyl group, aliphatic thio group, aromatic thio group, hydroxyl group, cyano group, sulfo group, carboxyl group, aliphatic oxyamino group, aromatic oxyamino group, carbamoyl aminocarbonyl group, amino group, heterocyclic oxycarbonyl amino group, heterocyclic oxycarbonylamino group, aliphatic sulfinyl group, aromatic, Sulfamoylamino, a halogen atom, sulfamoylcarbamoyl, carbamoylsulfamoyl, dialiphatic oxyphosphinyl or diaromatic oxyphosphinyl.

The hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant may also include a siloxane hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant. Examples of the siloxane hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant include those described in Silicone Surfactants, R.M. Hill, Marcel Dekker, Inc., ISBN: 0-8247-00104. The structure of siloxane hydrocarbon-based surfactants contains well-defined hydrophobic and hydrophilic portions. The hydrophobic moiety comprises 1 or more dihydrocarbylsiloxane units, where the substituents on the silicon atoms are entirely hydrocarbons.

These siloxane hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactants can also be regarded as hydrocarbon-based surfactants in the sense that, when the carbon atom of the hydrocarbon group can be substituted with a halogen such as fluorine, the monovalent substituent on the carbon atom of the hydrocarbon group is hydrogen, in such a sense that it is completely substituted with a hydrogen atom.

The hydrophilic portion of the siloxane hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant may include 1 or more polar portions containing an ionic group, such as a sulfate ester, a sulfonate ester, a phosphonate ester, a phosphate ester, a carboxylate ester, a carbonate ester, a sulfosuccinate ester, a taurate ester (in the form of a free acid, a salt, or an ester), a phosphine oxide, a betaine polyol, or a quaternary ammonium salt. The ionic hydrophobic moiety may also comprise ionically functionalized siloxane grafts.

Examples of such silicone hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactants include polydimethylsiloxane-graft- (meth) acrylate, polydimethylsiloxane-graft-polyacrylate salts, and polydimethylsiloxane-grafted quaternary amines. The polar portion of the hydrophilic portion of the silicone hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant may include polyethers such as Polyoxyethylene (PEO) and mixed polyoxyethylene/oxypropylene polyethers (PEO/PPO). The ratio of ethylene oxide to propylene oxide (EO/PO) can be varied in the mixed polyoxyethylene/oxypropylene polyethers.

The arrangement of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic portions of the structure of the silicone hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant may be in the form of a diblock polymer (AB), a triblock polymer (ABA) (here, "B" represents the silicone portion of the molecule), or a multiblock polymer. Alternatively, the silicone surfactant may comprise a graft polymer.

The siloxane hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant is also disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,841,616.

Examples of the hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant of the siloxane matrix include Noveon (registered trademark) available from Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc., and SilSense available from Consumer Specialties ^TMPE-100Silicone、SilSense^TMCA-1Silicone, and the like.

Examples of the hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant include a sulfosuccinate surfactant Lankropol (registered trademark) K8300 of Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry LLC.

Examples of the sulfosuccinate surfactant include diisodecyl sulfosuccinate Na salt, (Emulsogen (registered trademark) SB10 from Clariant), and diisotridecyl sulfosuccinate Na salt (Polirol (registered trademark) TR/LNA from Cesapini Chemicals).

As the above-mentioned hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant, there may be mentioned a PolyFox (registered trademark) surfactant (PolyFox) of Omnova Solutions, inc^TMPF-156A、PolyFox^TMPF-136A, etc.).

Examples of the hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant include Versatic (registered trademark) 10 from Resolution Performance Products, and Avanel S series (S-70, S-74, etc.) manufactured by BASF.

As the hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant, the above-mentioned hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactants can be used, and for example, the following hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactants can be suitably used.

Examples of the hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant include those represented by the following formula (α):

R¹⁰⁰-COOM (α)

(in the formula, R¹⁰⁰Is a 1-valent organic group containing 1 or more carbon atoms. M is H, a metal atom, NR ¹¹ ₄Imidazolium with or without substituents, pyridinium with or without substituents or phosphonium with or without substituents, R¹¹H or an organic group, which may be the same or different). As R¹¹Preferably H or C_1-10More preferably H or C_1-4An organic group of (2).

From the aspect of surface-active ability, R¹⁰⁰The number of carbon atoms of (b) is preferably 2 or more, more preferably 3 or more. In addition, from the aspect of water solubility, R¹⁰⁰The number of carbon atoms of (b) is preferably 29 or less, more preferably 23 or less.

Examples of the metal atom of M include alkali metals (group 1), alkaline earth metals (group 2), and the like, and Na, K, and Li are preferable. M is preferably H, a metal atom or NR¹¹ ₄More preferably H, alkali metal (group 1), alkaline earth metal (group 2) or NR¹¹ ₄Further, H, Na, K, Li or NH is preferable₄Further more preferably Na, K or NH₄Particularly preferred is Na or NH₄Most preferably NH₄。

The compound (. alpha.) may be represented by R¹²-COOM (wherein R¹²The alkyl group may be a linear or branched alkyl, alkenyl, alkylene or alkenylene group having 1 or more carbon atoms which may have a substituent, or a cyclic alkyl, alkenyl, alkylene or alkenylene group having 3 or more carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and may contain an ether bond. When the number of carbon atoms is 3 or more, a heterocyclic ring having a valence of 1 or 2 may be included, or a ring may be formed. M is the same as above).

Specifically, the group consisting of CH₃-(CH₂)_n-COOM (wherein n is an integer of 2 to 28, and M is the same as above).

From the viewpoint of emulsion stability, the compound (α) may contain no carbonyl group (excluding a carbonyl group in a carboxyl group).

As the hydrocarbon-containing surfactant not containing a carbonyl group, for example, the following formula (a) can be preferably exemplified:

R-COO-M (A)

(wherein R is an alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkylene group or alkenylene group having 6 to 17 carbon atoms, which may contain an ether bond; M is H, a metal atom, NR¹¹ ₄An imidazolium with or without a substituent, a pyridinium with or without a substituent, or a phosphonium with or without a substituent. R¹¹The same or different, H or an organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms). In the above formula (a), R is preferably an alkyl group or an alkenyl group (which may contain an ether group). The alkyl group or alkenyl group in the above-mentioned R may be linear or branched. The number of carbon atoms of R is not limited, and is, for example, 2 to 29.

When the alkyl group is linear, the number of carbon atoms of R is preferably 3 to 29, more preferably 5 to 23. When the alkyl group is branched, the number of carbon atoms in R is preferably 5 to 35, more preferably 11 to 23.

When the alkenyl group is linear, the number of carbon atoms of R is preferably 2 to 29, more preferably 9 to 23. When the alkenyl group is branched, the number of carbon atoms in R is preferably 2 to 29, more preferably 9 to 23.

Examples of the alkyl group and the alkenyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, and a vinyl group.

Examples of the compound (α) (carboxylic acid type hydrocarbon surfactant) include butyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, enanthic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, heptadecanoic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, vaccenic acid, linoleic acid, (9,12,15) -linolenic acid, (6,9,12) linolenic acid, eleostearic acid, arachidic acid, 8, 11-eicosadienoic acid, eicosatrienoic acid, arachidonic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, nervonic acid, cerotic acid, montanic acid, melissic acid, crotonic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, cis-6-hexadecenoic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, vaccenic acid, gadoleic acid, eicosenoic acid, erucic acid, nervonic acid, linoleic acid, eicosadienoic acid, linolenic acid, pinolenic acid, Alpha-eleostearic acid, beta-eleostearic acid, eicosatrienoic acid, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, eicosatrienoic acid, stearidonic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosatetraenoic acid, docosatetraenoic acid, octadecopentaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, sardine acid, tetracosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, herring acid, and salts thereof.

Particularly, at least one selected from the group consisting of lauric acid, capric acid, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, and salts thereof is preferable.

Examples of the salt include a metal atom having a carboxyl group and a hydrogen atom of the formula M, NR¹⁰¹ ₄The salt of imidazolium, pyridinium, or phosphonium is not particularly limited.

As the compound (α) (carboxylic acid type hydrocarbon surfactant), since particles having a small average primary particle size can be obtained by polymerization, and a large amount of particles are generated at the time of polymerization, and polytetrafluoroethylene can be efficiently produced, at least one selected from the group consisting of lauric acid, capric acid, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, and salts thereof is preferable, lauric acid and salts thereof are more preferable, salts of lauric acid are particularly preferable, and sodium laurate and ammonium laurate are most preferable.

The hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant preferably includes the following general formula (1):

[ solution 12]

(in the formula, R¹～R⁵Represents H or a monovalent substituent, wherein R¹And R³At least 1 of which represents the general formula: -Y-R⁶A group shown, R²And R⁵At least 1 of which represents the general formula: -X-A or a group of formula: -Y-R ⁶The groups shown.

Further, X, which is the same or different at each occurrence, is a 2-valent linking group or bond;

a is the same or different at each occurrence and represents-COOM, -SO₃M or-OSO₃M (M is H, metal atom, NR)⁷ ₄Imidazolium with or without substituents, pyridinium with or without substituents or phosphonium with or without substituents, R⁷Is H or an organic group);

y is the same or different at each occurrence and represents a group selected from-S (═ O)₂-、-O-、-COO-、-OCO-、-CONR⁸-and-NR⁸2-valent linking groups or bonds in the group consisting of CO-, R⁸Is H or an organic group;

R⁶each occurrence, which may be the same or different, represents an alkyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms which may contain at least one selected from the group consisting of a carbonyl group, an ester group, an amide group and a sulfonyl group between carbon-carbon atoms.

R¹～R⁵Any two of which may be bonded to each other to form a ring), and a surfactant (hereinafter also referred to as surfactant (1)).

The surfactant (1) will be explained.

In the formula, R¹～R⁵Represents H or a monovalent substituent, wherein R¹And R³At least one of them represents the general formula: -Y-R⁶A group shown, R²And R⁵At least one of them represents the general formula: -X-A or a group of formula: -Y-R⁶The groups shown. R ¹～R⁵Any two of which may be bonded to each other to form a ring.

As R¹The substituent which the alkyl group may have is preferably a halogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or a hydroxyl group, and particularly preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group.

As R¹The above alkyl group of (a) preferably does not contain a carbonyl group.

In the above alkyl groups, 75% or less of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms may be substituted with a halogen atom, 50% or less may be substituted with a halogen atom, and 25% or less may be substituted with a halogen atom, but a non-halogenated alkyl group containing no halogen atom such as a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom is preferable.

The above alkyl group preferably does not have any substituent.

As R¹The alkyl group is preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which may or may not have a substituent, or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which may or may not include a carbonyl group, or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, which may not include a carbonyl group, further preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which may not have a substituent, further more preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, which may not have a substituent, and particularly preferably a methyl group (-CH) ₃) Or ethyl (-C)₂H₅) Most preferred is methyl (-CH)₃)。

As monovalent substituents, preference is given to those of the formula: -Y-R⁶A group represented by the general formula: a group represented by-X-A, -H, C with or without a substituent_1-20Alkyl, -NH of₂、-NHR⁹(R⁹Is an organic radical), -OH, -COOR⁹(R⁹Is an organic group) OR-OR⁹(R⁹Is an organic group). The number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is preferably 1 to 10.

As R⁹Preferably C_1-10Alkyl or C_1-10Alkylcarbonyl of (a), more preferably C_1-4Alkyl or C_1-4An alkylcarbonyl group of (a).

Wherein X, which is the same or different at each occurrence, represents a 2-valent linking group or bond.

R⁶In the case where any one of a carbonyl group, an ester group, an amide group, and a sulfonyl group is not included, X is preferably a 2-valent linking group including at least one selected from the group consisting of a carbonyl group, an ester group, an amide group, and a sulfonyl group.

X preferably contains a substituent selected from the group consisting of-CO-, -S (═ O)₂-、-O-、-COO-、-OCO-、-S(＝O)₂-O-、-O-S(＝O)₂-、-CONR⁸-and-NR⁸A 2-valent linking group of at least one bond of the group consisting of CO-, C_1-10Alkylene groups, or a bond. R⁸Represents H or an organic group.

As R⁸The organic group in (1) is preferably an alkyl group. As R⁸Preferably H or C_1-10More preferably H or C_1-4Further preferably H or C_1-4The alkyl group of (1) is more preferably H.

Wherein A, which may be the same or different at each occurrence, represents-COOM, -SO ₃M or-OSO₃M (M is H, metal atom, NR)⁷ ₄Imidazolium with or without substituents, pyridinium with or without substituents or phosphonium with or without substituents, R⁷Is H or an organic group. 4R⁷May be the same or different). In the general formula (1), A is-COOM, which is one of preferable modes.

As R⁷The organic group in (1) is preferably an alkyl group. As R⁷Preferably H or C_1-10More preferably H or C_1-4Further preferably H or C_1-4Alkyl group of (1).

Examples of the metal atom include alkali metals (group 1), alkaline earth metals (group 2), and the like, and Na, K, and Li are preferable.

M is preferably H, a metal atom or NR⁷ ₄More preferably H, alkali metal (group 1), alkaline earth metal (group 2) or NR⁷ ₄Further, H, Na, K, Li or NH is preferable₄Further more preferably Na, K or NH₄Particularly preferred is Na or NH₄Most preferably NH₄。

Wherein each occurrence of Y, which may be the same or different, is selected from the group consisting of-S (═ O)₂-、-O-、-COO-、-OCO-、-CONR⁸-and-NR⁸2-valent linking groups or bonds in the group consisting of CO-, R⁸Represents H or an organic group.

Y is preferably selected from the group consisting of a bond, -O-, -COO-, -OCO-, -CONR⁸-and-NR⁸The 2-valent linking group in the group consisting of CO-, more preferably a 2-valent linking group selected from the group consisting of a bond, -COO-, and-OCO-.

As R⁸The organic group in (1) is preferably an alkyl group. As R⁸Preferably H or C_1-10More preferably H or C_1-4Further preferably H or C_1-4The alkyl group of (1) is more preferably H.

In the formula, R⁶The alkyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms, which may be the same or different at each occurrence, may or may not contain at least one selected from the group consisting of a carbonyl group, an ester group, an amide group and a sulfonyl group between carbon-carbon atoms. R is as defined above⁶The number of carbon atoms of the organic group (2) is preferably 2 to 20, more preferably 2 to 10.

R⁶The alkyl group of (a) can contain 1 or 2 or more of at least one selected from the group consisting of a carbonyl group, an ester group, an amide group and a sulfonyl group between carbon-carbon atoms, but these groups are not contained at the terminal of the above alkyl group. R is as defined above⁶In the alkyl group (b), 75% or less of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms may be substituted with a halogen atom, 50% or less may be substituted with a halogen atom, and 25% or less may be substituted with a halogen atom, but a non-halogenated alkyl group containing no halogen atom such as a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom is preferable.

As R⁶Preference is given to

A compound of the general formula: -R¹⁰-CO-R¹¹The group shown,

A compound of the general formula: -R¹⁰-COO-R¹¹The group shown,

A compound of the general formula: -R¹¹The group shown,

A compound of the general formula: -R¹⁰-NR⁸CO-R¹¹The group shown, or

A compound of the general formula: -R ¹⁰-CONR⁸-R¹¹A group shown

(in the formula, R⁸Represents H or an organic group. R¹⁰Is alkylene, R¹¹Is substituted or unsubstitutedAlkyl groups).

As R⁶More preferred is the general formula: -R¹⁰-CO-R¹¹The groups shown.

As R⁸The organic group in (1) is preferably an alkyl group. As R⁸Preferably H or C_1-10More preferably H or C_1-4Further preferably H or C_1-4The alkyl group of (1) is more preferably H.

R¹⁰The number of carbon atoms of the alkylene group(s) is preferably 1 or more, more preferably 3 or more, preferably 20 or less, more preferably 12 or less, further preferably 10 or less, and particularly preferably 8 or less. In addition, R¹⁰The alkylene group (B) preferably has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and further preferably 3 to 10 carbon atoms.

R¹¹The alkyl group (b) may have 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 15 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, still more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, yet more preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms, and most preferably 1 carbon atom. In addition, the above R¹¹The alkyl group (b) preferably consists only of a primary carbon, a secondary carbon and a tertiary carbon, and particularly preferably consists only of a primary carbon and a secondary carbon. I.e. as R¹¹Methyl, ethyl, n-propyl and isopropyl are preferred, and methyl is particularly preferred.

In the general formula (1), R²And R⁵At least 1 of which is of the general formula: also one of the preferred modes is a group represented by-X-A and said A is-COOM.

As the surfactant (1), a compound represented by the general formula (1-2) or a compound represented by the general formula (1-3) is preferable, and a compound represented by the general formula (1-1) or a compound represented by the general formula (1-2) is more preferable.

General formula (1-1):

[ solution 13]

(in the formula, R³～R⁶X, A and Y are as described above. )

General formula (1-2):

[ solution 14]

(in the formula, R⁴～R⁶X, A and Y are as described above. )

General formula (1-3):

[ solution 15]

(in the formula, R²、R⁴～R⁶X, A and Y are as described above. )

As a general formula: a group represented by-X-A, preferably

-COOM、

-R¹²COOM、

-SO₃M、

-OSO₃M、-R¹²SO₃M、

-R¹²OSO₃M、

-OCO-R¹²-COOM、

-OCO-R¹²-SO₃M、

-OCO-R¹²-OSO₃M

-COO-R¹²-COOM、

-COO-R¹²-SO₃M、

-COO-R¹²-OSO₃M、

-CONR⁸-R¹²-COOM、

-CONR⁸-R¹²-SO₃M、

-CONR⁸-R¹²-OSO₃M、

-NR⁸CO-R¹²-COOM、

-NR⁸CO-R¹²-SO₃M、

-NR⁸CO-R¹²-OSO₃M、

-OS(＝O)₂-R¹²-COOM、

-OS(＝O)₂-R¹²-SO₃M, or

-OS(＝O)₂-R¹²-OSO₃M

(in the formula, R⁸And M is as described above. R¹²Is C_1-10Alkylene groups of (ii).

R is as defined above¹²The alkylene group of (2) may have 75% or less of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms substituted with halogen atoms, 50% or less of hydrogen atoms substituted with halogen atoms, and 25% or less of hydrogen atoms substituted with halogen atoms, but is preferably a non-halogenated alkylene group containing no halogen atom such as a fluorine atom or chlorine atom.

As a general formula: -Y-R⁶The radicals indicated are preferred

A compound of the general formula: -R¹⁰-CO-R¹¹The group shown,

A compound of the general formula: -OCO-R¹⁰-CO-R¹¹The group shown,

A compound of the general formula: -COO-R¹⁰-CO-R¹¹The group shown,

A compound of the general formula: -OCO-R ¹⁰-COO-R¹¹The group shown,

A compound of the general formula: -COO-R¹¹The group shown,

A compound of the general formula: -NR⁸CO-R¹⁰-CO-R¹¹The group shown, or

A compound of the general formula: -CONR⁸-R¹⁰-NR⁸CO-R¹¹A group shown

(in the formula, R⁸、R¹⁰And R¹¹As described above).

In the formula, as R⁴And R⁵Independently, H or C is preferred_1-4Alkyl group of (1).

R is as defined above⁴And R⁵In the alkyl group (b), 75% or less, 50% or less and 25% or less of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms may be substituted with halogen atoms, but preferably, fluorine-free atomsAnd a halogen atom such as a chlorine atom.

As R in the general formula (1-1)³Preferably H or C with or without substituents_1-20More preferably H or C having no substituent_1-20The alkyl group of (3) is more preferably H.

R is as defined above³In the alkyl group (b), 75% or less of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms may be substituted with a halogen atom, 50% or less may be substituted with a halogen atom, and 25% or less may be substituted with a halogen atom, but a non-halogenated alkyl group containing no halogen atom such as a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom is preferable.

As R in the general formula (1-3)²Preferably H, OH or C with or without substituents_1-20More preferably H, OH or C having no substituent_1-20Further, the alkyl group of (1) is preferably H or OH.

R is as defined above²In the alkyl group (b), 75% or less of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms may be substituted with a halogen atom, 50% or less may be substituted with a halogen atom, and 25% or less may be substituted with a halogen atom, but a non-halogenated alkyl group containing no halogen atom such as a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom is preferable.

The hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant may also be represented by the following formula (1-0A):

[ solution 16]

(in the formula, R^1A～R^5AIs H, a 1-valent hydrocarbyl group that may contain an ester group between carbon-carbon atoms, or a compound of the formula: -X^A-A is a group represented by. However, R^2AAnd R^5ARepresents the general formula: -X^A-A is a group represented by.

X^AIdentical or different at each occurrence and is a 2-valent hydrocarbyl group or a bond;

a is identical or different on each occurrence and is-COOM (M is H, a metal atom, NR)⁷ ₄Imidazolium with or without substituents, with or without substituentsPyridinium or phosphonium with or without substituents, R⁷Is H or an organic group);

R^1A～R^5Aany two of which may be bonded to each other to form a ring), and the like.

In the general formula (1-0A), in R^1A～R^5AIn the above formula, the number of carbon atoms of the 1-valent hydrocarbon group which may contain an ester group between carbon-carbon atoms is preferably 1 to 50, more preferably 5 to 20. R ^1A～R^5AAny two of which may be bonded to each other to form a ring. The 1-valent hydrocarbon group which may contain an ester group between carbon and carbon atoms is preferably an alkyl group.

In the formula, X^AIn the (2) -valent hydrocarbon group, the number of carbon atoms is preferably 1 to 50, more preferably 5 to 20. Examples of the 2-valent hydrocarbon group include an alkylene group and an alkanediyl group, and an alkylene group is preferable.

In the general formula (1-0A), R^2AAnd R^5AAny of the above is preferably of the general formula: -X^AA group represented by-A, more preferably R^2AIs represented by the general formula: -X^A-A is a group represented by.

In the general formula (1-0A), R is a preferable embodiment^2AIs represented by the general formula: -X^AA group represented by-A, R^1A、R^3A、R^4AAnd R^5AIn the form of H. In this case, X^APreferably a bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

In the general formula (1-0A), the following is also preferable: r^2AIs represented by the general formula: -X^AA group represented by-A, R^1AAnd R^3Ais-Y^A-R⁶A group shown, Y^AIs the same or different at each occurrence and is-COO-, -OCO-, or a bond, R⁶Each occurrence of the alkyl group is the same or different and is an alkyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms. In this case, R^4AAnd R^5APreferably H.

Examples of the hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant represented by the general formula (1-0A) include glutaric acid or a salt thereof, adipic acid or a salt thereof, pimelic acid or a salt thereof, suberic acid or a salt thereof, azelaic acid or a salt thereof, sebacic acid or a salt thereof, and the like.

The aliphatic carboxylic acid type hydrocarbon surfactant represented by the general formula (1-0A) may be a double-chain double hydrophilic group type synthetic surfactant, and examples of the Gemini type surfactant include Gemini Surf (kyoto fat and oil co., ltd.), gemmurf α 142 (c 12 lauryl), gemmurf α 102 (c 10), and gemmurf α 182 (c 14).

The hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant may include one having 1 or more carbonyl groups (excluding the carbonyl group in the carboxyl group).

Further, a hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant obtained by subjecting a hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant having 1 or more carbonyl groups (excluding a carbonyl group in a carboxyl group) to radical treatment or oxidation treatment may be used.

The radical treatment may be a treatment for generating radicals in a hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant having 1 or more carbonyl groups (excluding a carbonyl group in a carboxyl group), and examples of the radical treatment include the following treatments: adding deionized water and hydrocarbon anionic surfactant into a reactor, sealing the reactor, replacing the system with nitrogen, heating and pressurizing the reactor, adding a polymerization initiator, stirring for a certain time, depressurizing the reactor until the pressure reaches atmospheric pressure, and cooling. The oxidation treatment is a treatment in which an oxidizing agent is added to a hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant having 1 or more carbonyl groups (excluding a carbonyl group in a carboxyl group). Examples of the oxidizing agent include oxygen, ozone, hydrogen peroxide, manganese (IV) oxide, potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate, nitric acid, and sulfur dioxide.

As the above-mentioned hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant having 1 or more carbonyl groups (excluding carbonyl groups in carboxyl groups), preferred is a surfactant of the formula: R-X (wherein R is a non-fluorine-containing organic group having 1 to 2000 carbon atoms and having 1 or more carbonyl groups (excluding carbonyl groups in the carboxyl group), and X is-OSO₃X¹、-COOX¹or-SO₃X¹(X¹Is H, a metal atom, NR¹ ₄And is provided withOr an unsubstituted imidazolium, a substituted or unsubstituted pyridinium or a substituted or unsubstituted phosphonium, R¹H or an organic group, which may be the same or different)). The number of carbon atoms of R is preferably 500 or less, more preferably 100 or less, further preferably 50 or less, and further more preferably 30 or less.

The hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant is more preferably selected from the group consisting of the following formula (a):

[ solution 17]

(in the formula, R^1aThe alkyl group may be a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 or more carbon atoms, and the hydrogen atom bonded to the carbon atom may be substituted with a hydroxyl group or a 1-valent organic group containing an ester bond, and may contain a carbonyl group when the carbon number is 2 or more, or may contain a 1-valent or 2-valent heterocyclic ring when the carbon number is 3 or more, or may form a ring. R ^2aAnd R^3aIndependently a single bond or a 2-valent linking group. R^1a、R^2aAnd R^3aThe total number of carbon atoms of (2) is 6 or more. X^aIs H, a metal atom, NR^4a ₄Imidazolium with or without substituents, pyridinium with or without substituents or phosphonium with or without substituents, R^4aAre H or organic radicals, which may be identical or different. R^1a、R^2aAnd R^3aAny two of which may be bonded to each other to form a ring), and the following formula (b):

[ solution 18]

(in the formula, R^1bIs a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms, which may have a substituent, or a linear or branched alkyl group having a substituentThe cyclic alkyl group having 3 or more carbon atoms may contain a heterocyclic ring having a valence of 1 or 2 or may form a ring when the number of carbon atoms is 3 or more. R^2bAnd R^4bIndependently is H or a substituent. R^3bIs an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent. n is an integer of 1 or more. p and q are independently integers of 0 or more. X^bIs H, a metal atom, NR^5b ₄Imidazolium with or without substituents, pyridinium with or without substituents or phosphonium with or without substituents, R^5bAre H or organic radicals, which may be identical or different. R ^1b、R^2b、R^3bAnd R^4bAny two of which may be bonded to each other to form a ring. L is a single bond, -CO₂-B-*、-OCO-B-*、-CONR^6b-B-*、-NR^6bCO-B-, or-CO- (excluding-CO)₂-B-、-OCO-B-、-CONR^6b-B-、-NR⁶Carbonyl group contained in CO-B-), B is a single bond or alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms with or without a substituent, R^6bH or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent. is-OSO in the formula₃X^bBonded side), the following formula (c):

[ solution 19]

(in the formula, R^1cThe alkyl group may be a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 or more carbon atoms, and the hydrogen atom bonded to the carbon atom may be substituted with a hydroxyl group or a 1-valent organic group containing an ester bond, and may contain a carbonyl group when the carbon number is 2 or more, or may contain a 1-valent or 2-valent heterocyclic ring when the carbon number is 3 or more, or may form a ring. R^2cAnd R^3cIndependently a single bond or a 2-valent linking group. R^1c、R^2cAnd R^3cThe total number of carbon atoms of (2) is 5 or more. A. the^cis-COOX^cor-SO₃X^c(X^cIs H, a metal atom, NR^4c ₄Imidazolium with or without substituents, pyridinium with or without substituents or phosphonium with or without substituents, R^4cIs H or an organic group, which may be the same or different). R ^1c、R^2cAnd R^3cAny two of which may be bonded to each other to form a ring), and the following formula (d):

[ solution 20]

(in the formula, R^1dThe alkyl group may be a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms, which may have a substituent, or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 or more carbon atoms, which may have a substituent, and may contain a heterocyclic ring having 1 or 2 valences or may form a ring when the number of carbon atoms is 3 or more. R^2dAnd R^4dIndependently is H or a substituent. R^3dIs an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent. n is an integer of 1 or more. p and q are independently integers of 0 or more. A. the^dis-SO₃X^dor-COOX^d(X^dIs H, a metal atom, NR^5d ₄Imidazolium with or without substituents, pyridinium with or without substituents or phosphonium with or without substituents, R^5dIs H or an organic group, which may be the same or different). R^1d、R^2d、R^3dAnd R^4dAny two of which may be bonded to each other to form a ring. L is a single bond, -CO₂-B-*、-OCO-B-*、-CONR^6d-B-*、-NR^6dCO-B-, or-CO- (excluding-CO)₂-B-、-OCO-B-、-CONR^6d-B-、-NR^6dCarbonyl group contained in CO-B-), B is a single bond or alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms with or without a substituent, R^6dH or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent. Is represented by A in the formula ^dBonded side) of the surfactant (d)At least one member of the group.

The surfactant (a) will be explained.

In the formula (a), R^1aIs a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 or more carbon atoms.

When the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is 3 or more, a carbonyl group (-C (═ O) -) may be contained between 2 carbon atoms. When the alkyl group has 2 or more carbon atoms, the carbonyl group may be contained at the end of the alkyl group. I.e. CH₃Acyl groups such as an acetyl group represented by — C (═ O) -, are also included in the above alkyl groups.

When the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is 3 or more, the alkyl group may contain a heterocyclic ring having a valence of 1 or 2, or may form a ring. The heterocyclic ring is preferably an unsaturated heterocyclic ring, more preferably an oxygen-containing unsaturated heterocyclic ring, and examples thereof include furan rings and the like. R^1aIn the above formula, a 2-valent heterocyclic ring may be inserted between 2 carbon atoms, a 2-valent heterocyclic ring may be located at the terminal and bonded to — C (═ O) -, and a 1-valent heterocyclic ring may be located at the terminal of the alkyl group.

In the present specification, the "number of carbon atoms" of the alkyl group also includes the number of carbon atoms constituting the carbonyl group and the number of carbon atoms constituting the heterocycle. E.g. CH ₃-C(＝O)-CH₂-the number of carbon atoms of the group represented is 3, CH₃-C(＝O)-C₂H₄-C(＝O)-C₂H₄-the number of carbon atoms of the group represented is 7, CH₃The number of carbon atoms of the group represented by — C (═ O) — is 2.

In the above alkyl group, the hydrogen atom bonded to the carbon atom may be substituted with a functional group, for example, a hydroxyl group (-OH) or a 1-valent organic group containing an ester bond, but is preferably not substituted with any functional group.

Examples of the 1-valent organic group containing an ester bond include the following: -O-C (═ O) -R^101a(in the formula, R^101aIs an alkyl group).

In the above alkyl groups, 75% or less of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms may be substituted with a halogen atom, 50% or less may be substituted with a halogen atom, and 25% or less may be substituted with a halogen atom, but a non-halogenated alkyl group containing no halogen atom such as a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom is preferable.

In the formula, R^2aAnd R^3aIndependently a single bond or a 2-valent linking group.

R^2aAnd R^3aPreferably a single bond, a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 or more carbon atoms, or a cyclic alkylene group having 3 or more carbon atoms.

Form R^2aAnd R^3aThe above alkylene group of (a) preferably does not contain a carbonyl group.

In the above alkylene group, the hydrogen atom bonded to the carbon atom may be substituted with a functional group, for example, a hydroxyl group (-OH) or a 1-valent organic group containing an ester bond, but is preferably not substituted with any functional group.

Examples of the 1-valent organic group containing an ester bond include the following: -O-C (═ O) -R^102a(in the formula, R^102aIs an alkyl group).

Of the above alkylene groups, 75% or less of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms may be substituted with halogen atoms, 50% or less may be substituted with halogen atoms, and 25% or less may be substituted with halogen atoms, but a non-halogenated alkylene group containing no halogen atom such as a fluorine atom or chlorine atom is preferable.

R^1a、R^2aAnd R^3aThe total number of carbon atoms of (2) is 6 or more. The total number of carbon atoms is preferably 8 or more, more preferably 9 or more, further preferably 10 or more, and preferably 20 or less, more preferably 18 or less, further preferably 15 or less.

R^1a、R^2aAnd R^3aAny two of which may be bonded to each other to form a ring.

In the formula (a), X^aIs H, a metal atom, NR^4a ₄Imidazolium with or without substituents, pyridinium with or without substituents or phosphonium with or without substituents, R^4aIs H or an organic group. 4R^4aMay be the same or different. As R^4aPreferably H or carbon atoms1 to 10, more preferably H or an organic group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples of the metal atom include a metal atom having a valence of 1 and a metal atom having a valence of 2, and examples thereof include an alkali metal (group 1), an alkaline earth metal (group 2), and the like, and preferably include Na, K, and Li. As X ^aPreferably H, alkali metal (group 1), alkaline earth metal (group 2) or NR^4a ₄For reasons of easy solubility in water, H, Na, K, Li or NH are more preferred₄Further, Na, K or NH is preferable for the reason of being more soluble in water₄Particularly preferred is Na or NH₄For reasons of easy removal, NH is most preferred₄。X^aIs NH₄In the case of the surfactant, the surfactant has excellent solubility in an aqueous medium, and a metal component is not likely to remain in PTFE or a final product.

As R^1aPreferably, the alkyl group is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, which does not include a carbonyl group, a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, which does not include a carbonyl group, a linear or branched alkyl group having 2 to 45 carbon atoms, which includes 1 to 10 carbonyl groups, a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 45 carbon atoms, which includes a carbonyl group, or an alkyl group having 3 to 45 carbon atoms, which includes a heterocyclic ring having 1 or 2 valences.

In addition, as R^1aMore preferably, the following formula:

[ solution 21]

(in the formula, n^11aIs an integer of 0 to 10, R^11aIs a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, R^12aIs an alkylene group having 0 to 3 carbon atoms. n is^11aWhen R is an integer of 2 to 10^12aEach may be the same or different).

As n^11aPreferably an integer of 0 to 5, more preferably an integer of 0 to 3, and further preferably an integer of 1 to 3.

As R^11aPreferably said alkyl group of (a) does not comprise carbonylAnd (4) a base.

As R^11aIn the above alkyl group, the hydrogen atom bonded to the carbon atom may be substituted with a functional group, for example, a hydroxyl group (-OH) or a 1-valent organic group containing an ester bond, but is preferably not substituted with any functional group.

Examples of the 1-valent organic group containing an ester bond include the following: -O-C (═ O) -R^103a(in the formula, R^103aIs an alkyl group).

As R^11aIn the above alkyl groups, 75% or less of the hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbon atoms may be substituted with a halogen atom, 50% or less may be substituted with a halogen atom, and 25% or less may be substituted with a halogen atom, but a non-halogenated alkyl group containing no halogen atom such as a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom is preferable.

R^12aIs an alkylene group having 0 to 3 carbon atoms. The number of carbon atoms is preferably 1 to 3.

As R^12aThe alkylene group in (b) may be linear or branched.

As R^12aThe above alkylene group of (a) preferably does not contain a carbonyl group. As R^12aMore preferably an ethylene group (-C)₂H₄-) or propylene (-C)₃H₆-)。

As R^12aIn the above alkylene group, the hydrogen atom bonded to the carbon atom may be substituted with a functional group, for example, a hydroxyl group (-OH) or a 1-valent organic group containing an ester bond, but is preferably not substituted with any functional group.

Examples of the 1-valent organic group containing an ester bond include the following: -O-C (═ O) -R^104a(in the formula, R^104aIs an alkyl group).

As R^12aIn the above alkylene group, 75% or less of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms may be substituted with a halogen atom, 50% or less may be substituted with a halogen atom, and 25% or less may be substituted with a halogen atom, but a non-halogenated alkylene group containing no halogen atom such as a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom is preferable.

As R^2aAnd R^3aPreferably independently, the number of carbon atoms not containing a carbonyl group is1 or more alkylene, more preferably alkylene having 1 to 3 carbon atoms which does not contain a carbonyl group, and still more preferably ethylene (-C)₂H₄-) or propylene (-C)₃H₆-)。

As the surfactant (a), the following surfactants can be exemplified. In each formula, X^aAs described above.

[ solution 22]

[ solution 23]

[ solution 25]

[ solution 26]

[ solution 27]

[ solution 28]

The surfactant (a) is a novel compound, and can be produced, for example, by the production method described below.

The surfactant (a) can be produced by a production method comprising the following steps (11a), (12a), (13a) and (14a),

the step (11a) is a step of reacting:

[ solution 30]

(in the formula, R^3aAs described above, E^aIs a leaving group), lithium, and a compound of formula (10 a): r ^201a ₃Si-Cl (in the formula, R)^201aIndependently an alkyl or aryl) to yield a chlorosilane compound of the formula:

[ solution 31]

(in the formula, R^3a、R^201aAnd E^aAs described above) of the compound (11a),

the step (11b) is carried out by reacting the compound (11a) with a compound represented by the formula:

[ solution 32]

(in the formula, R^1aAs mentioned above, R^21aIs a single bond or a 2-valent linking group) to give an olefin of the formula:

[ solution 33]

(in the formula, R^1a、R^21a、R^3aAnd E^aAs described above) of the compound (12a),

step (13a) is to remove the leaving group of compound (12a) to obtain a compound of formula (la):

[ chemical 34]

(in the formula, R^1a、R^21aAnd R^3aAs described above) of the compound (13a),

step (14a) is performed by reacting compound (13a) with a compound of formula (la):

[ solution 35]

(in the formula, X^aAs described above) to yield a compound of formula:

[ solution 36]

(in the formula, R^1a、R^21a、R^3aAnd X^aAs described above) of the compound (14 a).

R^1aWhen the furan ring is contained in (b), the furan ring can be opened by an acid to convert into a dicarbonyl derivative, for example. Examples of the acid include acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid, and among them, acetic acid is preferable.

In the step (11a), it is preferable that lithium and the chlorosilane compound are reacted in advance to obtain a siloxysithium compound, and then the siloxysithium compound is reacted with the compound (10a) to obtain the compound (11 a).

E^aRepresents a leaving group. Examples of the leaving group include t-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS), Triethylsilyl (TES), Triisopropylsilyl (TIPS), t-butyldiphenylsilyl (TBDPS), and benzyl (Bn).

As R^21aPreferably, it is a single bond or a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 or more carbon atoms.

Examples of the chlorosilane compound include

[ solution 37]

All reactions in step (11a) can be carried out in a solvent. The solvent is preferably an organic solvent, more preferably an aprotic polar solvent, and still more preferably an ether. Examples of the ether include ethyl methyl ether, diethyl ether, monoglyme (ethylene glycol dimethyl ether), diglyme (diethylene glycol dimethyl ether), triglyme (triethylene glycol dimethyl ether), tetrahydrofuran, tetraglyme (tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether), crown ether (15-crown-5, 18-crown-6), and the like, and among them, tetrahydrofuran and diethyl ether are preferable.

The temperature of the reaction between lithium and the chlorosilane compound in step (11a) is preferably 10 to 40 ℃, and more preferably 20 to 30 ℃.

The reaction temperature of the siloxysithium compound and the compound (10a) in the step (11a) is preferably-100 to 0 ℃ and more preferably-80 to-50 ℃.

The pressure for the reaction between lithium and the chlorosilane compound in step (11a) is preferably 0.1 to 5MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 1 MPa.

The pressure for the reaction between the siloxysithium compound and the compound (10a) in the step (11a) is preferably 0.1 to 5MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 1 MPa.

The time for the reaction between lithium and the chlorosilane compound in step (11a) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, and more preferably 6 to 10 hours.

The reaction time of the siloxysithium compound and the compound (10a) in the step (11a) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, more preferably 1 to 2 hours.

In the step (12a), the ratio of the reaction between the compound (11a) and the olefin is preferably 1 to 2 moles, more preferably 1 to 1.1 moles, of the olefin based on 1 mole of the compound (11a) in view of improvement in yield and reduction in waste.

The reaction in the step (12a) may be carried out in a solvent in the presence of a thiazolium salt and a base.

Examples of the thiazolium salt include 3-ethyl-5- (2-hydroxyethyl) -4-methylthiazolium bromide, 3-benzyl-5- (2-hydroxyethyl) -4-methylthiazolium chloride, and the like.

Examples of the base include 1, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] -7-undecene and triethylamine.

The solvent is preferably an organic solvent, more preferably an aprotic polar solvent, and further preferably an alcohol or an ether.

Examples of the alcohol include methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, and isopropanol.

Examples of the ether include ethyl methyl ether, diethyl ether, monoglyme (ethylene glycol dimethyl ether), diglyme (diethylene glycol dimethyl ether), triglyme (triethylene glycol dimethyl ether), tetrahydrofuran, tetraglyme (tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether), crown ether (15-crown-5, 18-crown-6), and the like, and among them, tetrahydrofuran and diethyl ether are preferable.

The temperature of the reaction in the step (12a) is preferably 40 to 60 ℃, more preferably 50 to 55 ℃.

The pressure of the reaction in the step (12a) is preferably 0.1 to 5MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 1 MPa.

The reaction time in the step (12a) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, more preferably 6 to 10 hours.

The leaving group elimination reaction in the step (13a) can be carried out by using a fluoride ion or an acid. Examples of the method for detaching a leaving group include: a method using hydrofluoric acid; a method using an amine complex of hydrogen fluoride such as pyridine nHF or triethylamine nHF; cesium fluoride, potassium fluoride, lithium fluoroborate (LiBF) are used ₄) A method of using an inorganic salt such as ammonium fluoride; a method using an organic salt such as tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF).

The leaving group elimination reaction in the step (13a) may be carried out in a solvent. The solvent is preferably an organic solvent, more preferably an aprotic polar solvent, and still more preferably an ether.

Examples of the ether include ethyl methyl ether, diethyl ether, monoglyme (ethylene glycol dimethyl ether), diglyme (diethylene glycol dimethyl ether), triglyme (triethylene glycol dimethyl ether), tetrahydrofuran, tetraglyme (tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether), crown ether (15-crown-5, 18-crown-6), and the like, and among them, tetrahydrofuran and diethyl ether are preferable.

The temperature of the reaction in the step (13a) is preferably 0 to 40 ℃ and more preferably 0 to 20 ℃.

The pressure of the reaction in the step (13a) is preferably 0.1 to 5MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 1 MPa.

The reaction time in the step (13a) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, more preferably 3 to 8 hours.

In the step (14a), the reaction ratio of the compound (13a) and chlorosulfonic acid is preferably 1 to 2 moles, more preferably 1 to 1.1 moles, based on 1 mole of the compound (13a), in view of improvement in yield and reduction in waste.

The reaction in step (14a) is preferably carried out in the presence of a base. Examples of the base include alkali metal hydroxides, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, and amines, and among them, amines are preferable.

Examples of the amine in the step (14a) include tertiary amines such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, tributylamine, N, N-dimethylaniline, dimethylbenzylamine and N, N, N ', N' -tetramethyl-1, 8-naphthalenediamine, heteroaromatic amines such as pyridine, pyrrole, uracil, collidine and lutidine, cyclic amines such as 1, 8-diaza-bicyclo [5.4.0] -7-undecene and 1, 5-diaza-bicyclo [4.3.0] -5-nonene, and the like. Among them, triethylamine and pyridine are preferable.

The amount of the base used in the step (14a) is preferably 1 to 2 moles, more preferably 1 to 1.1 moles, based on 1 mole of the compound (13a), in view of improvement in yield and reduction in waste.

The reaction in step (14a) may be carried out in a polar solvent. The solvent is preferably an organic solvent, more preferably an aprotic polar solvent, and still more preferably an ether.

Examples of the ether include ethyl methyl ether, diethyl ether, monoglyme (ethylene glycol dimethyl ether), diglyme (diethylene glycol dimethyl ether), triglyme (triethylene glycol dimethyl ether), tetrahydrofuran, tetraglyme (tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether), crown ether (15-crown-5, 18-crown-6), and the like, and among them, diethyl ether is preferable.

The temperature of the reaction in the step (14a) is preferably 0 to 40 ℃ and more preferably 0 to 20 ℃.

The pressure of the reaction in the step (14a) is preferably 0.1 to 5MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 1 MPa.

The reaction time in the step (14a) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, more preferably 3 to 12 hours.

When the reaction in step (14a) is carried out in a solvent, a solution containing compound (14a) is obtained after the reaction is completed. After water was added to the solution, the mixture was allowed to stand to separate into two phases, and the aqueous phase was recovered and the solvent was distilled off, whereby the compound (14a) having a high purity was recovered. Compound (14a) has-OSO₃When the group represented by H (that is, when X is H), the-OSO can be converted to a group represented by-OSO by using an aqueous alkali solution such as an aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate solution or aqueous ammonia solution instead of water₃H is converted to a sulfate group.

After completion of each step, the purity of the obtained compound can be improved by removing the solvent by distillation, or by performing distillation, purification, or the like.

The surfactant (a) can also be produced by a production method comprising the following steps (21a), (22a) and (23a),

the step (21a) is a step of reacting:

[ solution 38]

(in the formula, R^3aAs mentioned above, R^22aIs a 1-valent organic radical, E ^aIs a leaving group) with a ketone of formula (la):

[ solution 39]

(in the formula, R^1aAs mentioned above, R^23aIs a 1-valent organic group) to yield a carboxylic acid ester of the formula:

[ solution 40]

(in the formula, R^1a、R^3aAnd E^aAs mentioned above, R^24aA single bond or a 2-valent linking group),

step (22a) is a step of removing the leaving group of compound (21a) to obtain a compound represented by the formula:

[ solution 41]

(in the formula, R^1a、R^24aAnd R^3aAs described above) of the compound (22a),

step (23a) is performed by reacting compound (22a) with a compound of formula (la):

[ solution 42]

(in the formula, X^aAs described above) to yield a compound of formula:

[ solution 43]

(in the formula, R^1a、R^24a、R^3aAnd X^aAs described above) of the compound (23 a).

R^1aContaining a furan ringIn this case, the furan ring can be opened by an acid to convert into a dicarbonyl derivative. Examples of the acid include acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid, and among them, acetic acid is preferable.

E^aRepresents a leaving group. Examples of the leaving group include t-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS), Triethylsilyl (TES), Triisopropylsilyl (TIPS), t-butyldiphenylsilyl (TBDPS), and benzyl (Bn).

As R^22aThe alkyl group is preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms, and more preferably a methyl group.

As R^23aThe alkyl group is preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms, and more preferably a methyl group.

As R^24aThe alkylene group is preferably a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 or more carbon atoms, and more preferably a methylene group (-CH)₂-)。

The reaction in the step (21a) may be carried out in a solvent in the presence of a base.

Examples of the base include sodium amide, sodium hydride, sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, and the like.

The solvent is preferably an organic solvent, more preferably an aprotic polar solvent, and further preferably an alcohol or an ether.

Examples of the alcohol include methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, and isopropanol.

Examples of the ether include ethyl methyl ether, diethyl ether, monoglyme (ethylene glycol dimethyl ether), diglyme (diethylene glycol dimethyl ether), triglyme (triethylene glycol dimethyl ether), tetrahydrofuran, tetraglyme (tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether), crown ether (15-crown-5, 18-crown-6), and the like, and among them, tetrahydrofuran and diethyl ether are preferable.

The temperature of the reaction in the step (21a) is preferably 0 to 40 ℃ and more preferably 0 to 20 ℃.

The pressure of the reaction in the step (21a) is preferably 0.1 to 5MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 1 MPa.

The reaction time in the step (21a) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, more preferably 3 to 8 hours.

The leaving group elimination reaction in the step (22a) can be carried out by using a fluoride ion or an acid. Examples of the method for detaching a leaving group include: a method using hydrofluoric acid; a method using an amine complex of hydrogen fluoride such as pyridine nHF or triethylamine nHF; cesium fluoride, potassium fluoride, lithium fluoroborate (LiBF) are used₄) A method of using an inorganic salt such as ammonium fluoride; a method using an organic salt such as tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF).

The leaving group elimination reaction in the step (22a) may be carried out in a solvent. The solvent is preferably an organic solvent, more preferably an aprotic polar solvent, and still more preferably an ether.

Examples of the ether include ethyl methyl ether, diethyl ether, monoglyme (ethylene glycol dimethyl ether), diglyme (diethylene glycol dimethyl ether), triglyme (triethylene glycol dimethyl ether), tetrahydrofuran, tetraglyme (tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether), crown ether (15-crown-5, 18-crown-6), and the like, and among them, tetrahydrofuran and diethyl ether are preferable.

The temperature of the reaction in the step (22a) is preferably 0 to 40 ℃ and more preferably 0 to 20 ℃.

The pressure of the reaction in the step (22a) is preferably 0.1 to 5MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 1 MPa.

The reaction time in the step (22a) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, more preferably 3 to 8 hours.

In the step (23a), the reaction ratio of the compound (22a) and chlorosulfonic acid is preferably 1 to 2 moles, more preferably 1 to 1.1 moles, based on 1 mole of the compound (22a), in view of improvement in yield and reduction in waste.

The reaction in step (23a) is preferably carried out in the presence of a base. Examples of the base include alkali metal hydroxides, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, and amines, and among them, amines are preferable.

Examples of the amine in the step (23a) include tertiary amines such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, tributylamine, N, N-dimethylaniline, dimethylbenzylamine and N, N, N ', N' -tetramethyl-1, 8-naphthalenediamine, heteroaromatic amines such as pyridine, pyrrole, uracil, collidine and lutidine, cyclic amines such as 1, 8-diaza-bicyclo [5.4.0] -7-undecene and 1, 5-diaza-bicyclo [4.3.0] -5-nonene, and the like. Among them, triethylamine and pyridine are preferable.

The amount of the base used in the step (23a) is preferably 1 to 2 moles, more preferably 1 to 1.1 moles, based on 1 mole of the compound (22a), in view of improvement in yield and reduction in waste.

The reaction in step (23a) may be carried out in a polar solvent. The solvent is preferably an organic solvent, more preferably an aprotic polar solvent, and still more preferably an ether.

Examples of the ether include ethyl methyl ether, diethyl ether, monoglyme (ethylene glycol dimethyl ether), diglyme (diethylene glycol dimethyl ether), triglyme (triethylene glycol dimethyl ether), tetrahydrofuran, tetraglyme (tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether), crown ether (15-crown-5, 18-crown-6), and the like, and among them, diethyl ether is preferable.

The temperature of the reaction in the step (23a) is preferably 0 to 40 ℃ and more preferably 0 to 20 ℃.

The pressure of the reaction in the step (23a) is preferably 0.1 to 5MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 1 MPa.

The reaction time in the step (23a) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, more preferably 3 to 12 hours.

When the reaction in step (23a) is carried out in a solvent, a solution containing compound (23a) is obtained after the reaction is completed. After water was added to the solution, the mixture was allowed to stand to separate into two phases, and the aqueous phase was recovered and the solvent was distilled off, whereby the compound (23a) having a high purity was recovered. Compound (23a) has-OSO₃When the group represented by H (that is, when X is H), the-OSO can be converted to a group represented by-OSO by using an aqueous alkali solution such as an aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate solution or aqueous ammonia solution instead of water ₃H is converted to a sulfate group.

After completion of each step, the purity of the obtained compound can be improved by removing the solvent by distillation, or by performing distillation, purification, or the like.

The surfactant (a) can be produced by a production method comprising the following steps (31a), (32a), (33a) and (34a),

the step (31a) is a step of reacting: y is^a-R^3a-OE^a

(in the formula, R^3aAs described above, Y^aIs a halogen atom, E^aIs a leaving group) with a haloalkyl group of the formula:

[ solution 44]

(in the formula, R^1aAs described above) to give a compound of formula:

[ solution 45]

(in the formula, R^1a、R^3aAnd E^aAs described above) of the compound (31a),

step (32a) is to oxidize compound (31a) to obtain the compound of formula (la)

[ solution 46]

(in the formula, R^1a、R^3aAnd E^aAs described above) of the compound (32a),

step (33a) is a step of removing the leaving group of compound (32a) to obtain a compound represented by the formula:

[ solution 47]

(in the formula, R^1aAnd R^3aAs described above) of the compound (33a)The step (2) of (a) is carried out,

step (34a) is performed by reacting compound (33a) with a compound of formula (la):

[ solution 48]

(in the formula, X^aAs described above) to yield a compound of formula:

[ solution 49]

(in the formula, R^1a、R^3aAnd X^aAs described above) of the compound (34 a).

R^1aWhen the furan ring is contained in (b), the furan ring can be opened by an acid to convert into a dicarbonyl derivative, for example. Examples of the acid include acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid, and among them, acetic acid is preferable.

E^aRepresents a leaving group. Examples of the leaving group include t-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS), Triethylsilyl (TES), Triisopropylsilyl (TIPS), t-butyldiphenylsilyl (TBDPS), and benzyl (Bn).

In the step (31a), the ratio of the halogenated alkyl group to the lithium acetylide is preferably 1 to 2 moles, more preferably 1 to 1.2 moles, of the lithium acetylide to 1 mole of the halogenated alkyl group, in view of improvement of yield and reduction of waste.

The reaction in step (31a) may be carried out in a solvent. As the solvent, hexane is preferable.

The temperature of the reaction in the step (31a) is preferably-100 ℃ to-40 ℃, more preferably-80 ℃ to-50 ℃.

The pressure of the reaction in the step (31a) is preferably 0.1 to 5MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 1 MPa.

The reaction time in the step (31a) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, more preferably 6 to 10 hours.

The oxidation in the step (32a) can be carried out as follows: will [ (Cn)^*)Ru^III(CF₃CO₂)₃]·H₂O (in the formula, Cn)^*Represents the utilization of (NH) by 1,4, 7-trimethyl-1, 4, 7-triazabicyclononane₄)₂Ce(NO₃)₆And trifluoroacetic acid treatment, sodium perchlorate is added to form a complex, and the oxidation is carried out in a nitrile solvent using the complex.

After the termination of the oxidation, the compound (32a) can be extracted by neutralizing with a base and using an organic solvent such as ether.

The temperature of the reaction in the step (32a) is preferably 30 to 100 ℃, more preferably 40 to 90 ℃.

The pressure of the reaction in the step (32a) is preferably 0.1 to 5MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 1 MPa.

The reaction time in the step (32a) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, more preferably 3 to 8 hours.

The leaving group elimination reaction in the step (33a) can be carried out by using a fluoride ion or an acid. Examples of the method for detaching a leaving group include: a method using hydrofluoric acid; a method using an amine complex of hydrogen fluoride such as pyridine nHF or triethylamine nHF; cesium fluoride, potassium fluoride, lithium fluoroborate (LiBF) are used₄) A method of using an inorganic salt such as ammonium fluoride; a method using an organic salt such as tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF).

The leaving group elimination reaction in the step (33a) may be carried out in a solvent. The solvent is preferably an organic solvent, more preferably an aprotic polar solvent, and still more preferably an ether.

Examples of the ether include ethyl methyl ether, diethyl ether, monoglyme (ethylene glycol dimethyl ether), diglyme (diethylene glycol dimethyl ether), triglyme (triethylene glycol dimethyl ether), tetrahydrofuran, tetraglyme (tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether), crown ether (15-crown-5, 18-crown-6), and the like, and among them, tetrahydrofuran and diethyl ether are preferable.

The temperature of the reaction in the step (33a) is preferably 0 to 40 ℃ and more preferably 0 to 20 ℃.

The pressure of the reaction in the step (33a) is preferably 0.1 to 5MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 1 MPa.

The reaction time in the step (33a) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, more preferably 3 to 8 hours.

In the step (34a), the reaction ratio of the compound (33a) and chlorosulfonic acid is preferably 1 to 2 moles, more preferably 1 to 1.1 moles, of chlorosulfonic acid to 1 mole of the compound (33a) in view of improvement in yield and reduction in waste.

The reaction in the step (34a) is preferably carried out in the presence of a base. Examples of the base include alkali metal hydroxides, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, and amines, and among them, amines are preferable.

Examples of the amine in the step (34a) include tertiary amines such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, tributylamine, N, N-dimethylaniline, dimethylbenzylamine and N, N, N ', N' -tetramethyl-1, 8-naphthalenediamine, heteroaromatic amines such as pyridine, pyrrole, uracil, collidine and lutidine, cyclic amines such as 1, 8-diaza-bicyclo [5.4.0] -7-undecene and 1, 5-diaza-bicyclo [4.3.0] -5-nonene, and the like. Among them, triethylamine and pyridine are preferable.

The amount of the base used in the step (34a) is preferably 1 to 2 moles, more preferably 1 to 1.1 moles, based on 1 mole of the compound (33a), in view of improvement in yield and reduction in waste.

The reaction in step (34a) may be carried out in a polar solvent. The solvent is preferably an organic solvent, more preferably an aprotic polar solvent, and still more preferably an ether.

Examples of the ether include ethyl methyl ether, diethyl ether, monoglyme (ethylene glycol dimethyl ether), diglyme (diethylene glycol dimethyl ether), triglyme (triethylene glycol dimethyl ether), tetrahydrofuran, tetraglyme (tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether), crown ether (15-crown-5, 18-crown-6), and the like, and among them, diethyl ether is preferable.

The temperature of the reaction in the step (34a) is preferably 0 to 40 ℃, more preferably 0 to 20 ℃.

The pressure of the reaction in the step (34a) is preferably 0.1 to 5MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 1 MPa.

The reaction time in the step (34a) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, more preferably 3 to 12 hours.

When the reaction in step (34a) is carried out in a solvent, a solution containing compound (34a) is obtained after the reaction is completed. After water was added to the solution, the mixture was allowed to stand to separate into two phases, and the aqueous phase was recovered and the solvent was distilled off, whereby the compound (34a) having a high purity was recovered. having-OSO in the compound (34a) ₃When the group represented by H (that is, when X is H), the-OSO can be converted to a group represented by-OSO by using an aqueous alkali solution such as an aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate solution or aqueous ammonia solution instead of water₃H is converted to a sulfate group.

After completion of each step, the purity of the obtained compound can be improved by removing the solvent by distillation, or by performing distillation, purification, or the like.

The surfactant (a) can also be produced by a production method comprising the step (41a) and the step (42a), wherein,

the step (41a) is a step of reacting:

[ solution 50]

(in the formula, R^1aAs mentioned above, R^21aIs a single bond or a 2-valent linking group) with an olefin of the formula:

[ solution 51]

(in the formula, Y^51aIs alkoxy) to give an alkyne of the formula:

[ solution 52]

(in the formula, R^1aAnd R^21aAs described above) of the compound (41a),

the step (42a) is performed by reacting the compound (41a) with a compound represented by the formula:

[ Hua 53]

(in the formula, X^aAs described above) to yield a compound of formula:

[ solution 54]

(in the formula, R^1a、R^21aAnd X^aAs described above) of the compound (42 a).

R^1aWhen the furan ring is contained in (b), the furan ring can be opened by an acid to convert into a dicarbonyl derivative, for example. Examples of the acid include acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid, and among them, acetic acid is preferable.

As R^21aA single bond or a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 or more carbon atoms is preferable.

In the step (41a), the ratio of the olefin to the alkyne in the reaction is preferably 0.5 to 2 moles, more preferably 0.6 to 1.2 moles, of the olefin with respect to 1 mole of the alkyne, in view of improvement of yield and reduction of waste.

The reaction in the step (41a) is preferably carried out in the presence of a metal catalyst. Examples of the metal include ruthenium.

The amount of the metal catalyst used in the step (41a) is preferably 0.01 to 0.4 mol, more preferably 0.05 to 0.1 mol, based on 1 mol of the olefin, in view of improvement in yield and reduction in waste.

The reaction in step (41a) may be carried out in a polar solvent. The solvent is preferably water, acetonitrile, dimethylacetamide or dimethylformamide.

The temperature of the reaction in the step (41a) is preferably 20 to 160 ℃ and more preferably 40 to 140 ℃.

The pressure of the reaction in the step (41a) is preferably 0.1 to 5MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 1 MPa.

The reaction time in the step (41a) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, more preferably 4 to 8 hours.

In the step (42a), the reaction ratio of the compound (41a) and chlorosulfonic acid is preferably 1 to 2 moles, more preferably 1 to 1.1 moles, based on 1 mole of the compound (41a), in view of improvement in yield and reduction in waste.

The reaction in the step (42a) is preferably carried out in the presence of a base. Examples of the base include alkali metal hydroxides, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, and amines, and among them, amines are preferable.

Examples of the amine in the step (42a) include tertiary amines such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, tributylamine, N, N-dimethylaniline, dimethylbenzylamine and N, N, N ', N' -tetramethyl-1, 8-naphthalenediamine, heteroaromatic amines such as pyridine, pyrrole, uracil, collidine and lutidine, cyclic amines such as 1, 8-diaza-bicyclo [5.4.0] -7-undecene and 1, 5-diaza-bicyclo [4.3.0] -5-nonene, and the like. Among them, triethylamine and pyridine are preferable.

The amount of the base used in the step (42a) is preferably 1 to 2 moles, more preferably 1 to 1.1 moles, based on 1 mole of the compound (41a), in view of improvement in yield and reduction in waste.

The reaction in the step (42a) may be carried out in a polar solvent. The solvent is preferably an organic solvent, more preferably an aprotic polar solvent, and still more preferably an ether.

Examples of the ether include ethyl methyl ether, diethyl ether, monoglyme (ethylene glycol dimethyl ether), diglyme (diethylene glycol dimethyl ether), triglyme (triethylene glycol dimethyl ether), tetrahydrofuran, tetraglyme (tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether), crown ether (15-crown-5, 18-crown-6), and the like, and among them, diethyl ether is preferable.

The temperature of the reaction in the step (42a) is preferably 0 to 40 ℃ and more preferably 0 to 20 ℃.

The pressure of the reaction in the step (42a) is preferably 0.1 to 5MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 1 MPa.

The reaction time in the step (42a) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, more preferably 3 to 12 hours.

When the reaction in step (42a) is carried out in a solvent, a solution containing compound (42a) is obtained after the reaction is completed. After water was added to the solution, the mixture was allowed to stand to separate into two phases, and the aqueous phase was recovered and the solvent was distilled off, whereby the compound (42a) having a high purity was recovered. Compound (42a) has-OSO₃When the group represented by H (that is, when X is H), the-OSO can be converted to a group represented by-OSO by using an aqueous alkali solution such as an aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate solution or aqueous ammonia solution instead of water₃H is converted to a sulfate group.

After completion of each step, the purity of the obtained compound can be improved by removing the solvent by distillation, or by performing distillation, purification, or the like.

Next, the surfactant (b) will be described.

In the formula (b), R^1bIs a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms, which may have a substituent, or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 or more carbon atoms, which may have a substituent.

When the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is 3 or more, the alkyl group may contain a heterocyclic ring having a valence of 1 or 2, or may form a ring. The heterocyclic ring is preferably an unsaturated heterocyclic ring, more preferably an oxygen-containing unsaturated heterocyclic ring, and examples thereof include furan rings and the like. R^1bIn the above formula, a 2-valent heterocyclic ring may be inserted between 2 carbon atoms, a 2-valent heterocyclic ring may be located at the terminal and bonded to — C (═ O) -, and a 1-valent heterocyclic ring may be located at the terminal of the alkyl group.

In the present specification, the "number of carbon atoms" of the alkyl group also includes the number of carbon atoms constituting the heterocyclic ring.

About makingIs R^1bThe substituent which the alkyl group may have is preferably a halogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms or a hydroxyl group, and particularly preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group.

As R^1bThe above alkyl group of (a) preferably does not contain a carbonyl group.

In the above alkyl groups, 75% or less of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms may be substituted with a halogen atom, 50% or less may be substituted with a halogen atom, and 25% or less may be substituted with a halogen atom, but a non-halogenated alkyl group containing no halogen atom such as a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom is preferable.

The above alkyl group preferably does not have any substituent.

As R^1bThe alkyl group is preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which may or may not have a substituent, or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which may or may not include a carbonyl group, or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, which may not include a carbonyl group, further preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which may not have a substituent, further more preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, which may not have a substituent, and particularly preferably a methyl group (-CH)₃) Or ethyl (-C)₂H₅) Most preferred is methyl (-CH)₃)。

In the formula (b), R^2bAnd R^4bIndependently is H or a substituent. More than 2R^2bAnd R^4bEach may be the same or different.

With respect to as R^2bAnd R^4bThe substituent(s) is preferably a halogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or a hydroxyl group, and particularly preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group.

As R^2bAnd R^4bThe above alkyl group of (a) preferably does not contain a carbonyl group. In the above alkyl group, 75% or less, 50% or less, and 25% or less of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms may be substituted with halogen atoms The halogen atom is substituted, but a non-halogenated alkyl group containing no halogen atom such as a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom is preferable.

The above alkyl group preferably does not have any substituent.

With respect to as R^2bAnd R^4bThe alkyl group (C) is preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and not containing a carbonyl group or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and not containing a carbonyl group, more preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and not containing a carbonyl group, further preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and not containing a substituent, and particularly preferably a methyl group (-CH)₃) Or ethyl (-C)₂H₅)。

As R^2bAnd R^4bPreferably independently H or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and not containing a carbonyl group, more preferably H or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and not containing a substituent, and still more preferably H or a methyl group (-CH)₃) Or ethyl (-C)₂H₅) H is particularly preferred.

In the formula (b), R^3bIs an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent. R^3bWhen there are 2 or more, they may be the same or different.

The alkylene group preferably does not contain a carbonyl group.

In the above alkylene group, 75% or less of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms may be substituted with a halogen atom, 50% or less may be substituted with a halogen atom, and 25% or less may be substituted with a halogen atom, but a non-halogenated alkyl group containing no halogen atom such as a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom is preferable.

The above alkylene group preferably does not have any substituent.

The alkylene group is preferably a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which may or may not have a substituent, or a cyclic alkylene group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, which may or may not have a substituent, and more preferably a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which may or may not contain a carbonyl group, or a cyclic alkylene group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, which may or may not contain a carbonyl groupThe group is more preferably a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and having no substituent, and still more preferably a methylene group (-CH)₂-) ethylene (-C), ethylene (-C)₂H₄-) isopropylidene (-CH (CH)₃)CH₂-) or propylene (-C)₃H₆-)。

R^1b、R^2b、R^3bAnd R^4bAny two of them may be bonded to each other to form a ring, but preferably they do not form a ring.

In the formula (b), n is an integer of 1 or more. The number n is preferably an integer of 1 to 40, more preferably an integer of 1 to 30, further preferably an integer of 5 to 25, particularly preferably an integer of 5 to 9 or 11 to 25.

In the formula (b), p and q are independently integers of 0 or more. P is preferably an integer of 0 to 10, more preferably 0 or 1. Q is preferably an integer of 0 to 10, more preferably an integer of 0 to 5.

The sum of n, p and q is preferably an integer of 5 or more. The sum of n, p and q is more preferably an integer of 8 or more. The total of n, p and q is preferably an integer of 60 or less, more preferably an integer of 50 or less, and still more preferably an integer of 40 or less.

In the formula (b), X^bIs H, a metal atom, NR^5b ₄Imidazolium with or without substituents, pyridinium with or without substituents or phosphonium with or without substituents, R^5bIs H or an organic group. 4R^5bMay be the same or different. As R^5bPreferably, H or an organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably H or an organic group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples of the metal atom include a metal atom having a valence of 1 and a metal atom having a valence of 2, and examples thereof include an alkali metal (group 1), an alkaline earth metal (group 2), and the like, and preferably include Na, K, and Li. X^bMay be a metal atom or NR^5b ₄(R^5bAs described above).

As X^bPreferably H, alkali metal (group 1), alkaline earth metal (group 2) or NR^5b ₄For reasons of easy solubility in water, H, Na, K, Li or NH are more preferred₄Further, Na, K or NH is preferable for the reason of being more soluble in water₄Particularly preferred is Na or NH₄For reasons of easy removal, NH is most preferred₄。X^bIs NH₄In the case of the surfactant, the surfactant has excellent solubility in an aqueous medium, and a metal component is not likely to remain in PTFE or a final product.

In the formula (b), L is a single bond, -CO₂-B-*、-OCO-B-*、-CONR^6b-B-*、-NR^6bCO-B-, or-CO- (excluding-CO)₂-B-、-OCO-B-、-CONR^6b-B-、-NR⁶A carbonyl group contained in CO-B-), B is a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and having or not having a substituent, R ^6bH or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent. The number of carbon atoms of the alkylene group is more preferably 1 to 5. In addition, the above R⁶More preferably H or methyl. is-OSO in the formula₃X^bOne side of the bond.

L is preferably a single bond.

As the surfactant (b), the following formula is preferable:

[ solution 55]

(in the formula, R^1b、R^2bL, n and X^bAs described above).

The above-mentioned surfactant (b) is in¹The integral value of all peak intensities observed in the region of chemical shifts 2.0ppm to 5.0ppm in the H-NMR spectrum is preferably 10% or more.

The above-mentioned surfactant (b) is in¹The integral value of all peak intensities observed in the region of chemical shifts 2.0ppm to 5.0ppm in the H-NMR spectrum is preferably within the above range. In this case, the surfactant preferably has a ketone structure in the molecule.

In the surfactant (b), the integrated value is more preferably 15 or more, preferably 95 or less, more preferably 80 or less, and still more preferably 70 or less.

The integral value was measured at room temperature using a heavy water solvent. The amount of heavy water was 4.79 ppm.

Examples of the surfactant (b) include

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OSO₃Na、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OSO₃Na、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OSO₃Na、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OSO₃Na、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OSO₃Na、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OSO₃Na、

(CH₃)₃CC(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OSO₃Na、

(CH₃)₂CHC(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OSO₃Na、

(CH₂)₅CHC(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OSO₃Na、

CH₃CH₂C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OSO₃Na、

CH₃CH₂CH₂C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OSO₃Na、

CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OSO₃Na、

CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OSO₃Na、

CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OSO₃Na、

CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂OSO₃Na、

CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(O)CH₂CH₂OSO₃Na、

CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(O)CH₂OSO₃Na、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OSO₃Na、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(O)NHCH₂OSO₃Na、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂NHC(O)CH₂OSO₃Na、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(O)OSO₃Na、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(O)OCH₂OSO₃Na、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OC(O)CH₂OSO₃Na、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OSO₃H、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OSO₃Li、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OSO₃K、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OSO₃NH₄、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)₂OSO₃Na、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OSO₃Na、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OSO₃Na、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OSO₃Na、CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OSO₃Na、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OSO₃Na、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OSO₃Na、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OSO₃Na、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OSO₃Na、

(CH₃)₃CC(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OSO₃Na、

(CH₃)₂CHC(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OSO₃Na、

(CH₂)₅CHC(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OSO₃Na、

CH₃CH₂C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OSO₃Na、

CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OSO₃Na、

CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OSO₃Na、

CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OSO₃Na、

CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OSO₃Na、

CH₃CH₂C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OSO₃Na、

CH₃CH₂C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(O)NHCH₂CH₂OSO₃Na、

CH₃CH₂C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂NHC(O)CH₂CH₂OSO₃Na、

CH₃CH₂C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(O)OCH₂CH₂OSO₃Na、

CH₃CH₂C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OC(O)CH₂CH₂OSO₃Na、

CH₃CH₂C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(O)OSO₃Na、

CH₃CH₂C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OSO₃H、

CH₃CH₂C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OSO₃Li、

CH₃CH₂C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OSO₃K、

CH₃CH₂C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OSO₃NH₄、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OSO₃Na and the like.

The surfactant (b) is a novel compound, and can be produced, for example, by the production method described below.

The surfactant (b) can be produced by a production method comprising the step (11b), the step (12b) and the step (13b),

the step (11b) is a step of reacting a compound represented by the formula:

R^11b-CH＝CH-(CR^2b ₂)_n-(OR^3b)_p-(CR^4b ₂)_q-L-OH

(in the formula, R^2b～R^4bN, p and q are as described above. R^11bIs H, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms with or without a substituent, or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 or more carbon atoms with or without a substituent, and when the number of carbon atoms is 3 or more, a heterocyclic ring having 1 or 2 valences may be included, or a ring may be formed. L is a single bond, -CO₂-B-*、-OCO-B-*、-CONR^6b-B-*、-NR^6bCO-B-, or-CO- (excluding-CO)₂-B-、-OCO-B-、-CONR^6b-B-、-NR^6bA carbonyl group contained in CO-B-), B is a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and having or not having a substituent, R^6bH or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent. One side bonded to-OH in the formula) to give the following formula:

[ solution 56]

(in the formula, L, R^2b～R^4b、R^11bN, p and q are as defined above) in the presence of a compound (11b),

step (12b) is to oxidize compound (11b) to obtain the following formula:

[ solution 57]

(in the formula, L, R^2b～R^4b、R^11bN, p and q are as defined above) in the presence of a compound (12b),

step (13b) is to sulfate compound (12b) to obtain the following formula:

[ solution 58]

(in the formula, L, R^2b～R^4b、R^11bN, p, q and X^bAs described above) of the compound (13 b).

As R^11bThe above alkyl group of (a) preferably does not contain a carbonyl group.

As R^11bIn the above alkyl groups, 75% or less of the hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbon atoms may be substituted with a halogen atom, 50% or less may be substituted with a halogen atom, and 25% or less may be substituted with a halogen atom, but a non-halogenated alkyl group containing no halogen atom such as a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom is preferable.

The above alkyl group preferably does not have any substituent.

As R^11bThe alkyl group is preferably H, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms with or without a substituent, or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 9 carbon atoms with or without a substituent, more preferably H, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms which does not include a carbonyl group, or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 9 carbon atoms which does not include a carbonyl group, still more preferably H, or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms which does not include a substituent, and still more preferably H or a methyl group (-CH)₃) Or ethyl (-C)₂H₅) Particularly preferred is H or methyl (-CH)₃) Most preferably, H.

The hydroxylation in the step (11b) can be carried out, for example, by the following method: (1) a method of allowing iron (II) phthalocyanine (fe (pc)) and sodium borohydride to act on the compound (10b) in an oxygen atmosphere; (2) reacting isopinocampheylborane (IpcBH) ₂) A method in which the compound (10b) is allowed to act thereon, and then the obtained intermediate (dialkylboron) is oxidized.

In the method (1), the amount of the iron (II) phthalocyanine may be a catalyst amount, and may be used in an amount of 0.001 to 1.2 mol based on 1 mol of the compound (10 b).

In the method (1), sodium borohydride may be used in an amount of 0.5 to 20 mol based on 1 mol of the compound (10 b).

The reaction of the process (1) may be carried out in a solvent. The solvent is preferably an organic solvent, and examples thereof include ethers, halogenated hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, nitriles, nitrogen-containing polar organic compounds, and the like.

Examples of the ether include diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, and the like, and among them, diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran are preferable.

Examples of the halogenated hydrocarbon include dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, chlorobenzene, and o-dichlorobenzene, and dichloromethane and chloroform are preferable among them.

The aromatic hydrocarbon includes benzene, toluene, xylene, etc., and among them, benzene and toluene are preferable.

The nitrile includes acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, isobutyronitrile, benzonitrile and the like, and among them, acetonitrile is preferable.

Examples of the nitrogen-containing polar organic compound include N, N-dimethylformamide, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1, 3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, and the like, and among them, N-dimethylformamide, N-dimethylacetamide, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone are preferable.

The reaction temperature in the method (1) is preferably-78 to 200 ℃ and more preferably 0 to 150 ℃.

The pressure of the reaction in the process (1) is preferably 0 to 5.0MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 1.0 MPa.

The reaction time in the method (1) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, more preferably 0.1 to 48 hours.

In the method (2), isopinocampheylborane may be used in an amount of 1.0 to 10.0 mol based on 1 mol of the compound (10 b).

The reaction of compound (10b) with isopinocampheylborane may be carried out in a solvent. The solvent is preferably an organic solvent, and examples thereof include ethers, halogenated hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, and the like.

Examples of the ether include diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, and the like, and among them, diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran are preferable.

Examples of the halogenated hydrocarbon include dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, chlorobenzene, and o-dichlorobenzene, and dichloromethane and chloroform are preferable among them.

The aromatic hydrocarbon includes benzene, toluene, xylene, etc., and among them, benzene and toluene are preferable.

The reaction temperature of the compound (10b) with isopinocampheylborane is preferably-78 to 200 ℃ and more preferably 0 to 150 ℃.

The pressure for the reaction of the compound (10b) with isopinocampheylborane is preferably 0 to 5.0MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 1.0 MPa.

The reaction time of the compound (10b) with isopinocampheylborane is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, more preferably 0.1 to 48 hours.

The oxidation in the method (2) can be carried out by allowing an oxidizing agent to act on the intermediate. Examples of the oxidizing agent include hydrogen peroxide. The oxidizing agent may be used in an amount of 0.7 to 10 moles based on 1 mole of the intermediate.

The oxidation in the method (2) may be carried out in a solvent. Examples of the solvent include water, methanol, and ethanol, and among them, water is preferable.

The temperature for the oxidation in the method (2) is preferably 0 to 100 ℃ and more preferably 0 to 80 ℃.

The pressure for the oxidation in the process (2) is preferably 0 to 5.0MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 1.0 MPa.

The time for the oxidation in the method (2) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, more preferably 0.1 to 48 hours.

In the step (12b), examples of the method for oxidizing the compound (11b) include: (a) using Jones reagent (CrO)₃/H₂SO₄) Method (jones oxidation); (b) methods using dess-martin periodinane (DMP) (dess-martin oxidation); (c) a method using pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC); (d) in NiCl₂A method of allowing a bleaching agent (about 5 to 6% aqueous solution of NaOCl) to act in the presence of a nickel compound; (e) in Al (CH) ₃)₃、Al[OCH(CH₃)₂]₃And a method of allowing a hydrogen acceptor such as an aldehyde or a ketone to act in the presence of an aluminum catalyst (W-type oxidation).

The oxidation in the step (12b) may be carried out in a solvent. The solvent is preferably water or an organic solvent, and examples thereof include water, ketones, ethers, halogenated hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, and nitriles.

Examples of the ketone include acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, diacetone alcohol, and the like, and among them, acetone is preferable.

Examples of the ether include diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, and the like, and among them, diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran are preferable.

Examples of the halogenated hydrocarbon include dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, chlorobenzene, and o-dichlorobenzene, and dichloromethane and chloroform are preferable among them.

The aromatic hydrocarbon includes benzene, toluene, xylene, etc., and among them, benzene and toluene are preferable.

The nitrile includes acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, isobutyronitrile, benzonitrile and the like, and among them, acetonitrile is preferable.

The temperature of the oxidation in the step (12b) is preferably-78 to 200 ℃ and can be suitably selected depending on the method used.

The pressure for the oxidation in the step (12b) is preferably 0 to 5.0MPa, and can be suitably selected depending on the method used.

The time for oxidation in the step (12b) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, and can be appropriately selected depending on the method used.

The sulfation in the step (13b) can be carried out by reacting the compound (12b) with a sulfating agent. Examples of the sulfating agent include sulfur trioxide amine complexes such as sulfur trioxide pyridine complex, sulfur trioxide trimethylamine complex, and sulfur trioxide triethylamine complex, sulfur trioxide amide complexes such as sulfur trioxide dimethylformamide complex, sulfuric acid-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, chlorosulfuric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, and sulfamic acid. The amount of the sulfating agent to be used is preferably 0.5 to 10 mol, more preferably 0.5 to 5 mol, and still more preferably 0.7 to 4 mol, based on 1 mol of the compound (12 b).

The sulfation in the step (13b) may be carried out in a solvent. The solvent is preferably an organic solvent, and examples thereof include ethers, halogenated hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, pyridine, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, and nitriles.

Examples of the ether include diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, and the like, and among them, diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran are preferable.

Examples of the halogenated hydrocarbon include dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, chlorobenzene, and o-dichlorobenzene, and dichloromethane and chloroform are preferable among them.

The aromatic hydrocarbon includes benzene, toluene, xylene, etc., and among them, benzene and toluene are preferable.

The nitrile includes acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, isobutyronitrile, benzonitrile and the like, and among them, acetonitrile is preferable.

The temperature of the sulfation in the step (13b) is preferably-78 to 200 ℃, more preferably-20 to 150 ℃.

The pressure for sulfation in the step (13b) is preferably 0 to 10MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 5 MPa.

The time for sulfation in step (13b) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, more preferably 0.1 to 48 hours.

The surfactant (b) can be produced by a production method comprising the step (21b) and the step (22b),

the step (21b) is a step of reacting a compound represented by the formula:

[ chemical 59]

(in the formula, L, R^1b～R^4bN, p and q are as described above. R^101bIs an organic group) to give the following formula:

[ solution 60]

(in the formula, L, R^1b～R^4bN, p and q are as defined above) in the presence of a compound (21b),

step (22b) is a step of sulfating compound (21b) to obtain the following formula:

[ solution 61]

(in the formula, L, R^1b～R^4bN, p, q and X^bAs described above) of the compound (22 b).

As R^101bPreferably, the alkyl group has 1 to 20 carbon atoms. 2R^101bMay be the same or different.

The ozonolysis in step (21b) can be carried out by subjecting the compound (20b) to an action of ozone and then to a post-treatment with a reducing agent.

Ozone can be generated by silent discharge in oxygen.

Examples of the reducing agent used in the above-mentioned post-treatment include zinc, dimethyl sulfide, thiourea, phosphines, etc., and among them, phosphines are preferable.

The ozonolysis in step (21b) may be carried out in a solvent. The solvent is preferably water or an organic solvent, and examples thereof include water, alcohols, carboxylic acids, ethers, halogenated hydrocarbons, and aromatic hydrocarbons.

Examples of the alcohol include methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, and isopropanol. Among them, methanol and ethanol are preferable.

Examples of the carboxylic acids include acetic acid and propionic acid. Among them, acetic acid is preferred.

Examples of the ether include diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, and the like, and among them, diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran are preferable.

Examples of the halogenated hydrocarbon include dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, chlorobenzene, and o-dichlorobenzene, and dichloromethane and chloroform are preferable among them.

The aromatic hydrocarbon includes benzene, toluene, xylene, etc., and among them, benzene and toluene are preferable.

The temperature for the ozonolysis in the step (21b) is preferably-78 to 200 ℃, more preferably 0 to 150 ℃.

The pressure for ozonolysis in step (21b) is preferably 0 to 5.0MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 1.0 MPa.

The time for ozonolysis in step (21b) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, more preferably 0.1 to 48 hours.

The sulfation in the step (22b) can be carried out by reacting the compound (21b) with a sulfating agent, and the same conditions as those for the sulfation in the step (13b) can be employed.

The surfactant (b) can be produced by a production method comprising the steps (31b), (32b), (33b) and (34b),

the step (31b) is a step of reacting a compound represented by the formula:

R^21b-CH＝CH-(CR^2b ₂)_n-(OR^3b)_p-(CR^4b ₂)_q-L-OH

(in the formula, L, R^2b～R^4bN, p and q are as described above. R^21bA compound (30b) represented by H, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms with or without a substituent, or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 or more carbon atoms with or without a substituent, and which may contain a heterocyclic ring having 1 or 2 valences or may form a ring when the number of carbon atoms is 3 or more) is epoxidized to obtain the following formula:

[ solution 62]

(in the formula, L, R^2b～R^4b、R^21bN, p and q are as defined above) in the presence of a compound (31b),

the step (32b) is to react the compound (31b) with R^22b ₂CuLi(R^22bA linear or branched alkyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms, which may have a substituent, or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 or more carbon atoms, which may have a substituent, and which may contain a heterocyclic ring having 1 or 2 valences or may form a ring when the number of carbon atoms is 3 or more), to obtain the following formula:

[ solution 63]

(in the formula, L, R^2b～R^4b、R^21b、R^22bN, p and q are as defined above) in the presence of a compound (32b),

step (33b) is to oxidize compound (32b) to obtain the following formula:

[ solution 64]

(in the formula, L, R^2b～R^4b、R^21b、R^22bN, p and q are as defined above) in the presence of a compound (33b),

step (34b) is a step of sulfating compound (33b) to obtain the following formula:

[ solution 65]

(in the formula, L, R^2b～R^4b、R^21b、R^22bN, p, q and X^bAs described above) of the compound (34 b).

As R^21bThe above alkyl group of (A) is preferably not includedContains carbonyl.

As R^21bIn the above alkyl groups, 75% or less of the hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbon atoms may be substituted with a halogen atom, 50% or less may be substituted with a halogen atom, and 25% or less may be substituted with a halogen atom, but a non-halogenated alkyl group containing no halogen atom such as a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom is preferable.

The above alkyl group preferably does not have any substituent.

As R^21bThe alkyl group is preferably H, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms with or without a substituent, or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms with or without a substituent, more preferably H, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms which does not include a carbonyl group, or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms which does not include a carbonyl group, still more preferably H, or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms which does not include a substituent, and particularly preferably H or a methyl group (-CH)₃) Most preferably, H.

As R^22bThe above alkyl group of (a) preferably does not contain a carbonyl group.

As R^22bIn the above alkyl groups, 75% or less of the hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbon atoms may be substituted with a halogen atom, 50% or less may be substituted with a halogen atom, and 25% or less may be substituted with a halogen atom, but a non-halogenated alkyl group containing no halogen atom such as a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom is preferable.

The above alkyl group preferably does not have any substituent.

As R^22bThe alkyl group is preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, which may or may not have a substituent, or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 9 carbon atoms, more preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, which may or may not include a carbonyl group, or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 9 carbon atoms, which may not include a carbonyl group, even more preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, which may not have a substituent, and particularly preferably a methyl group (-CH) ₃) Or ethyl (-C)₂H₅) Most preferred is methyl (-CH)₃)。

2R^22bCan be the same as,Or may be different.

R^21bAnd R^22bThe total number of carbon atoms of (a) is preferably 1 to 7, more preferably 1 to 2, and most preferably 1.

The epoxidation in the step (31b) can be carried out by allowing an epoxidizing agent to act on the compound (30 b).

Examples of the epoxidizing agent include m-chloroperbenzoic acid (m-CPBA), perbenzoic acid, peracids such as hydrogen peroxide and t-butyl hydroperoxide, dimethyldioxirane and methyltrifluoromethyldioxirane, among which peracids are preferred and m-chloroperbenzoic acid is more preferred.

The epoxidizing agent may be used in an amount of 0.5 to 10.0 mol based on 1 mol of the compound (30 b).

The epoxidation in the step (31b) may be carried out in a solvent. The solvent is preferably an organic solvent, and examples thereof include ketones, ethers, halogenated hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, nitriles, pyridine, nitrogen-containing polar organic compounds, and dimethyl sulfoxide, and among them, dichloromethane is preferable.

Examples of the ketone include acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, diacetone alcohol, and the like, and among them, acetone is preferable.

Examples of the ether include diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, and the like, and among them, diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran are preferable.

Examples of the halogenated hydrocarbon include dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, chlorobenzene, and o-dichlorobenzene, and dichloromethane and chloroform are preferable among them.

The aromatic hydrocarbon includes benzene, toluene, xylene, etc., and among them, benzene and toluene are preferable.

The nitrile includes acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, isobutyronitrile, benzonitrile and the like, and among them, acetonitrile is preferable.

Examples of the nitrogen-containing polar organic compound include N, N-dimethylformamide, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1, 3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, and the like, and among them, N-dimethylformamide, N-dimethylacetamide, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone are preferable.

The temperature of epoxidation in the step (31b) is preferably-78 to 200 ℃, more preferably-40 to 150 ℃.

The pressure for epoxidation in the step (31b) is preferably 0 to 5.0MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 1.0 MPa.

The time for the epoxidation in the step (31b) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, more preferably 0.1 to 48 hours.

In the step (32b), the lithium dialkylcopper may be used in an amount of 0.5 to 10.0 mol based on 1 mol of the compound (31 b).

The reaction of step (32b) may be carried out in a solvent. The solvent is preferably an organic solvent, and examples thereof include ethers, halogenated hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, and the like.

Examples of the ether include diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, and the like, and among them, diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran are preferable.

Examples of the halogenated hydrocarbon include dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, chlorobenzene, and o-dichlorobenzene, and dichloromethane and chloroform are preferable among them.

The aromatic hydrocarbon includes benzene, toluene, xylene, etc., and among them, benzene and toluene are preferable.

The temperature of the reaction in the step (32b) is preferably-78 to 200 ℃ and more preferably-40 to 150 ℃.

The pressure of the reaction in the step (32b) is preferably 0 to 5.0MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 1.0 MPa.

The reaction time in the step (32b) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, more preferably 0.1 to 48 hours.

In the step (33b), examples of the method for oxidizing the compound (32b) include: (a) using Jones reagent (CrO)₃/H₂SO₄) Method (jones oxidation); (b) methods using dess-martin periodinane (DMP) (dess-martin oxidation); (c) a method using pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC); (d) in NiCl₂A method of allowing a bleaching agent (about 5 to 6% aqueous solution of NaOCl) to act in the presence of a nickel compound; (e) in Al (CH)₃)₃、Al[OCH(CH₃)₂]₃And a method of allowing a hydrogen acceptor such as an aldehyde or a ketone to act in the presence of an aluminum catalyst (W-type oxidation).

The oxidation in the step (33b) may be carried out in a solvent. The solvent is preferably water or an organic solvent, and examples thereof include water, ketones, alcohols, ethers, halogenated hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, and nitriles.

Examples of the ketone include acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, diacetone alcohol, and the like, and among them, acetone is preferable.

Examples of the alcohol include methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, and isopropanol. Among them, methanol and ethanol are preferable.

Examples of the ether include diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, and the like, and among them, diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran are preferable.

Examples of the halogenated hydrocarbon include dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, chlorobenzene, and o-dichlorobenzene, and dichloromethane and chloroform are preferable among them.

The aromatic hydrocarbon includes benzene, toluene, xylene, etc., and among them, benzene and toluene are preferable.

The nitrile includes acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, isobutyronitrile, benzonitrile and the like, and among them, acetonitrile is preferable.

The temperature of the oxidation in the step (33b) is preferably-78 to 200 ℃ and can be suitably selected depending on the method used.

The pressure for the oxidation in the step (33b) is preferably 0 to 5.0MPa, and can be suitably selected depending on the method used.

The time for oxidation in the step (33b) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, and can be appropriately selected depending on the method used.

The sulfation in the step (34b) can be carried out by reacting the compound (33b) with a sulfating agent, and the same conditions as those for the sulfation in the step (13b) can be employed.

The surfactant (b) can be produced by a production method comprising the step (41b) and the step (42b),

the step (41b) is a step of reacting a compound represented by the formula:

R^11b-CH＝CH-(CR^2b ₂)_n-(OR^3b)_p-(CR^4b ₂)_q-L-OH

(in the formula, L, R^2b～R^4b、R^11bN, p and q are as defined above) to give the following formula:

[ solution 66]

(in the formula, L, R^2b～R^4b、R^11bN, p and q are as defined above) in the presence of a compound (41b),

step (42b) is to sulfate compound (41b) to obtain the following formula:

[ solution 67]

(in the formula, L, R^2b～R^4b、R^11bN, p, q and X^bAs described above) of the compound (42 b).

The oxidation in the step (41b) can be carried out by allowing an oxidizing agent to act on the compound (10b) in the presence of water and a palladium compound.

Examples of the oxidizing agent include monovalent or divalent copper salts such as copper chloride, copper acetate, copper cyanide and copper trifluoromethanesulfonate, iron salts such as iron chloride, iron acetate, iron cyanide, iron trifluoromethanesulfonate and iron hexacyanoferrate, benzoquinones such as 1, 4-benzoquinone, 2, 3-dichloro-5, 6-dicyano-1, 4-benzoquinone, tetrachloro-1, 2-benzoquinone and tetrachloro-1, 4-benzoquinone, H ₂O₂、MnO₂、KMnO₄、RuO₄Meta-chloroperbenzoic acid, oxygen, etc. Among them, copper salts, iron salts and benzoquinones are preferable, and copper chloride, iron chloride and 1, 4-benzoquinone are more preferable.

The oxidizing agent may be used in an amount of 0.001 to 10 mol based on 1 mol of the compound (10 b).

The water may be used in an amount of 0.5 to 1000 mol based on 1 mol of the compound (10 b).

The palladium compound may be palladium dichloride. The amount of the palladium compound may be a catalyst amount, and may be used in an amount of 0.0001 to 1.0 mol based on 1 mol of the compound (10 b).

The oxidation in the step (41b) may be carried out in a solvent. Examples of the solvent include water, esters, aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, carboxylic acids, ethers, halogenated hydrocarbons, nitrogen-containing polar organic compounds, nitriles, dimethyl sulfoxide, and sulfolane.

Examples of the ester include ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA; also known as 1-methoxy-2-acetoxypropane), and ethyl acetate is preferable.

Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon include hexane, cyclohexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, undecane, dodecane, mineral spirits, and the like, and cyclohexane and heptane are preferable among them.

The aromatic hydrocarbon includes benzene, toluene, xylene, etc., and among them, benzene and toluene are preferable.

Examples of the alcohol include methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, and isopropanol.

Examples of the carboxylic acids include acetic acid and propionic acid. Among them, acetic acid is preferred.

Examples of the ether include diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, and the like, and among them, diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran are preferable.

Examples of the halogenated hydrocarbon include dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, chlorobenzene, and o-dichlorobenzene, and dichloromethane and chloroform are preferable among them.

Examples of the nitrogen-containing polar organic compound include N, N-dimethylformamide, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1, 3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, and the like, and among them, N-dimethylformamide, N-dimethylacetamide, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone are preferable.

The nitrile includes acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, isobutyronitrile, benzonitrile and the like, and among them, acetonitrile is preferable.

The temperature of the oxidation in the step (41b) is preferably-78 to 200 ℃, more preferably-20 to 150 ℃.

The pressure for the oxidation in the step (41b) is preferably 0 to 10MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 5.0 MPa.

The time for oxidation in the step (41b) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, more preferably 0.1 to 48 hours.

The sulfation in the step (42b) can be carried out by reacting the compound (41b) with a sulfating agent, and the same conditions as those for the sulfation in the step (13b) can be employed.

The surfactant (b) can be produced by a production method comprising the steps (51), (52), (53) and (54),

the step (51) is a step of reacting:

R^11b-CH＝CH-(CR^2b ₂)_n-OH

(in the formula, R^2b、R^11bAnd n is as defined above) with a halogenating agent to give a compound of the formula:

R^11b-CH＝CH-(CR^2b ₂)_n-Z^51b

(in the formula, R^2b、R^11bAnd n is as described above. Z^51bA halogen atom) in the reaction mixture,

the step (52) is to react the compound (51) with HO-R^3b-L-OH(L、R^3bAs described above) to give the following formula:

R^11b-CH＝CH-(CR^2b ₂)_n-O-R^3b-L-OH

(in the formula, L, R^2b、R^3b、R^11bAnd n is as described above) to a compound (52)The sequence of the method is as follows,

step (53) is to oxidize compound (52) to obtain the following formula:

[ solution 68]

(in the formula, L, R^2b、R^3b、R^11bAnd n is as defined above) to a compound (53),

step (54) is to sulfate compound (53) to obtain the following formula:

[ solution 69]

(in the formula, L, R^2b、R^3b、R^11bN and X^bAs described above) of the compound (54).

As Z^51bPreferably F, Cl, Br or I, more preferably Br.

Examples of the halogenating agent used in the step (51) include N-bromosuccinimide, N-chlorosuccinimide and the like.

The halogenating agent may be used in an amount of 0.5 to 10.0 mol based on 1 mol of the compound (50).

The reaction in the step (51) may be carried out in the presence of a phosphine such as triphenylphosphine.

The phosphine may be used in an amount of 0.5 to 10.0 mol based on 1 mol of the compound (50).

The reaction of step (51) may be carried out in a solvent. The solvent is preferably an organic solvent, and examples thereof include ethers, halogenated hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, and the like.

Examples of the ether include diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, and the like, and among them, diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran are preferable.

Examples of the halogenated hydrocarbon include dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, chlorobenzene, and o-dichlorobenzene, and dichloromethane and chloroform are preferable among them.

The aromatic hydrocarbon includes benzene, toluene, xylene, etc., and among them, benzene and toluene are preferable.

The temperature of the reaction in the step (51) is preferably-78 to 200 ℃ and more preferably-40 to 150 ℃.

The pressure of the reaction in the step (51) is preferably 0 to 5.0MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 1.0 MPa.

The reaction time in the step (51) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, more preferably 0.1 to 48 hours.

In the step (52), the alkylene glycol may be used in an amount of 0.5 to 10.0 mol based on 1 mol of the compound (51).

The reaction in step (52) may be carried out in the presence of a base. Examples of the base include sodium hydride, sodium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide.

The base may be used in an amount of 0.5 to 10.0 mol based on 1 mol of the compound (51).

The reaction of step (52) may be carried out in a solvent. The solvent is preferably an organic solvent, and examples thereof include nitrogen-containing polar organic compounds, ethers, halogenated hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, and the like.

Examples of the nitrogen-containing polar organic compound include N, N-dimethylformamide, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1, 3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, and the like, and among them, N-dimethylformamide, N-dimethylacetamide, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone are preferable.

Examples of the ether include diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, and the like, and among them, diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran are preferable.

Examples of the halogenated hydrocarbon include dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, chlorobenzene, and o-dichlorobenzene, and dichloromethane and chloroform are preferable among them.

The aromatic hydrocarbon includes benzene, toluene, xylene, etc., and among them, benzene and toluene are preferable.

The temperature of the reaction in the step (52) is preferably-78 to 200 ℃ and more preferably-40 to 150 ℃.

The pressure of the reaction in the step (52) is preferably 0 to 5.0MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 1.0 MPa.

The reaction time in the step (52) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, more preferably 0.1 to 48 hours.

The oxidation in step (53) can be carried out by allowing an oxidizing agent to act on the compound (52) in the presence of water and a palladium compound, and the same conditions as those for the oxidation in step (41) can be employed.

The sulfation in the step (54) can be carried out by reacting the compound (53) with a sulfating agent, and the same conditions as those for the sulfation in the step (13) can be employed.

In any of the above-mentioned production methods, after completion of each step, the purity of the obtained compound can be improved by removing the solvent by distillation, or by performing distillation, purification, or the like. In addition, the resulting compound has-OSO₃In the case of the group represented by H (i.e. X)^bIn the case of H), the-OSO may be introduced by contacting with a base such as sodium carbonate or ammonia₃H is converted to a sulfate group.

Among the methods for producing the surfactant (b), the production method including the steps (41b) and (42b) is preferable.

The surfactant (c) will be explained.

In the formula (c), R^1cIs a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 or more carbon atoms.

When the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is 3 or more, a carbonyl group (-C (═ O) -) may be contained between 2 carbon atoms. When the alkyl group has 2 or more carbon atoms, the terminal of the alkyl group may contain the carbonyl group. I.e. CH₃Acyl groups such as an acetyl group represented by — C (═ O) -, are also included in the above alkyl groups.

When the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is 3 or more, the alkyl group may contain a heterocyclic ring having a valence of 1 or 2, or may form a ring. The heterocyclic ring is preferably an unsaturated heterocyclic ring, more preferably an oxygen-containing unsaturated heterocyclic ring, and may beExamples thereof include furan rings and the like. R^1cIn the above formula, a 2-valent heterocyclic ring may be inserted between 2 carbon atoms, a 2-valent heterocyclic ring may be located at the terminal and bonded to — C (═ O) -, and a 1-valent heterocyclic ring may be located at the terminal of the alkyl group.

In the present specification, the "number of carbon atoms" of the alkyl group also includes the number of carbon atoms constituting the carbonyl group and the number of carbon atoms constituting the heterocycle. E.g. CH₃-C(＝O)-CH₂-the group having 3 carbon atoms and CH ₃-C(＝O)-C₂H₄-C(＝O)-C₂H₄-the number of carbon atoms of the group represented is 7, CH₃The number of carbon atoms of the group represented by — C (═ O) — is 2.

In the above alkyl group, the hydrogen atom bonded to the carbon atom may be substituted with a functional group, for example, a hydroxyl group (-OH) or a 1-valent organic group containing an ester bond, but is preferably not substituted with any functional group.

Examples of the 1-valent organic group containing an ester bond include the following: -O-C (═ O) -R^101c(in the formula, R^101cIs an alkyl group).

In the above alkyl groups, 75% or less of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms may be substituted with a halogen atom, 50% or less may be substituted with a halogen atom, and 25% or less may be substituted with a halogen atom, but a non-halogenated alkyl group containing no halogen atom such as a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom is preferable.

In the formula (c), R^2cAnd R^3cIndependently a single bond or a 2-valent linking group.

R^2cAnd R^3cPreferably a single bond, a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 or more carbon atoms, or a cyclic alkylene group having 3 or more carbon atoms.

Form R^2cAnd R^3cThe above alkylene group of (a) preferably does not contain a carbonyl group.

In the above alkylene group, the hydrogen atom bonded to the carbon atom may be substituted with a functional group, for example, a hydroxyl group (-OH) or a 1-valent organic group containing an ester bond, but is preferably not substituted with any functional group.

As at the topThe 1-valent organic group containing an ester bond can be represented by the following formula: -O-C (═ O) -R^102c(in the formula, R^102cIs an alkyl group).

Of the above alkylene groups, 75% or less of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms may be substituted with halogen atoms, 50% or less may be substituted with halogen atoms, and 25% or less may be substituted with halogen atoms, but a non-halogenated alkylene group containing no halogen atom such as a fluorine atom or chlorine atom is preferable.

R^1c、R^2cAnd R^3cThe total number of carbon atoms of (2) is 5 or more. The total number of carbon atoms is preferably 7 or more, more preferably 9 or more, preferably 20 or less, more preferably 18 or less, and further preferably 15 or less.

R^1c、R^2cAnd R^3cAny two of which may be bonded to each other to form a ring.

In the formula (c), A in the formula^cis-COOX^cor-SO₃X^c(X^cIs H, a metal atom, NR^4c ₄Imidazolium with or without substituents, pyridinium with or without substituents or phosphonium with or without substituents, R^4cIs H or an organic group, which may be the same or different). As R^4cPreferably, H or an organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably H or an organic group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples of the metal atom include a metal atom having a valence of 1 and a metal atom having a valence of 2, and examples thereof include an alkali metal (group 1), an alkaline earth metal (group 2), and the like, and preferably include Na, K, and Li.

As X^cPreferably H, alkali metal (group 1), alkaline earth metal (group 2) or NR^4c ₄For reasons of easy solubility in water, H, Na, K, Li or NH are more preferred₄Further, Na, K or NH is preferable for the reason of being more soluble in water₄Particularly preferred is Na or NH₄For reasons of easy removal, NH is most preferred₄。X^cIs NH₄In the case of the surfactant, the surfactant has excellent solubility in an aqueous medium, and a metal component is not likely to remain in PTFE or a final product.

As R^1cPreferably without bagA straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms containing a carbonyl group, a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms and not containing a carbonyl group, a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 2 to 45 carbon atoms and containing 1 to 10 carbonyl groups, a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 45 carbon atoms and containing a carbonyl group, or an alkyl group having 3 to 45 carbon atoms and containing a heterocyclic ring having 1 or 2 valences.

In addition, as R^1cMore preferably, the following formula:

[ solution 70]

(in the formula, n^11cIs an integer of 0 to 10, R^11cIs a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, R^12cIs an alkylene group having 0 to 3 carbon atoms. n is^11cWhen R is an integer of 2 to 10^12cEach may be the same or different).

As n^11cPreferably an integer of 0 to 5, more preferably an integer of 0 to 3, and further preferably an integer of 1 to 3.

As R^11cThe above alkyl group of (a) preferably does not contain a carbonyl group.

As R^11cIn the above alkyl group, the hydrogen atom bonded to the carbon atom may be substituted with a functional group, for example, a hydroxyl group (-OH) or a 1-valent organic group containing an ester bond, but is preferably not substituted with any functional group.

Examples of the 1-valent organic group containing an ester bond include the following: -O-C (═ O) -R^103c(in the formula, R^103cIs an alkyl group).

As R^11cIn the above alkyl groups, 75% or less of the hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbon atoms may be substituted with a halogen atom, 50% or less may be substituted with a halogen atom, and 25% or less may be substituted with a halogen atom, but a non-halogenated alkyl group containing no halogen atom such as a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom is preferable.

R^12cIs an alkylene group having 0 to 3 carbon atoms. The number of carbon atoms is preferably 1 to 3.

As R^12cThe alkylene group in (b) may be linear or branched.

As R^12cThe above alkylene group of (a) preferably does not contain a carbonyl group. As R^12cMore preferably an ethylene group (-C)₂H₄-) or propylene (-C)₃H₆-)。

As R^12cIn the above alkylene group, the hydrogen atom bonded to the carbon atom may be substituted with a functional group, for example, a hydroxyl group (-OH) or a 1-valent organic group containing an ester bond, but is preferably not substituted with any functional group.

Examples of the 1-valent organic group containing an ester bond include the following: -O-C (═ O) -R^104c(in the formula, R^104cIs an alkyl group).

As R^12cIn the above alkylene group, 75% or less of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms may be substituted with a halogen atom, 50% or less may be substituted with a halogen atom, and 25% or less may be substituted with a halogen atom, but a non-halogenated alkylene group containing no halogen atom such as a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom is preferable.

As R^2cAnd R^3cThe alkylene group having 1 or more carbon atoms and not containing a carbonyl group is preferable, the alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and not containing a carbonyl group is more preferable, and the ethylene group (-C) is further preferable₂H₄-) or propylene (-C)₃H₆-)。

The surfactant (c) may be the following surfactant. In the formulae A^cAs described above.

[ solution 71]

[ chemical formula 72]

[ solution 73]

[ chemical formula 74]

[ solution 75]

[ 76]

[ solution 77]

[ solution 78]

The surfactant (c) is a novel compound, and can be produced, for example, by the production method described below.

The surfactant (c) can be suitably produced by a production method comprising the step (11c), the step (12c), the step (13c) and the step (14c),

the step (11c) is a step of reacting:

[ solution 79]

(in the formula, R^3cAs described above, E^cIs a leaving group) with lithium and a compound of formula (10 c): r ^201c ₃Si-Cl (in the formula, R)^201cIndependently an alkyl or aryl) to yield a chlorosilane compound of the formula:

[ solution 80]

(in the formula, R^3c、R^201cAnd E^cAs described above) of the compound (11c),

step (12c) is performed by reacting compound (11c) with a compound of formula (la):

[ solution 81]

(in the formula, R^1cAs mentioned above, R^21cIs a single bond or a 2-valent linking group) to give an olefin of the formula:

[ solution 82]

(in the formula, R^1c、R^21c、R^3cAnd E^cAs described above) of the compound (12c),

step (13c) is a step of removing the leaving group of compound (12c) to obtain a compound represented by the formula:

[ solution 83]

(in the formula, R^1c、R^21cAnd R^3cAs described above) of the compound (13c),

step (14c) is to oxidize compound (13c) to obtain a compound of formula (la):

[ solution 84]

(in the formula, R^1c、R^21cAnd R^3cAs described above) of the compound (14 c).

R^1cWhen the furan ring is contained in (b), the furan ring can be opened by an acid to convert into a dicarbonyl derivative, for example. Examples of the acid include acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid, and among them, acetic acid is preferable.

In the step (11c), it is preferable that lithium and the chlorosilane compound are reacted in advance to obtain a siloxysithium compound, and then the siloxysithium compound is reacted with the compound (10c) to obtain the compound (11 c).

E^cRepresents a leaving group. Examples of the leaving group include t-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS), Triethylsilyl (TES), Triisopropylsilyl (TIPS), t-butyldiphenylsilyl (TBDPS), and benzyl (Bn).

As R^21cPreferably, it is a single bond or a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 or more carbon atoms.

Examples of the chlorosilane compound include

[ solution 85]

Any reaction in the step (11c) may be carried out in a solvent. The solvent is preferably an organic solvent, more preferably an aprotic polar solvent, and still more preferably an ether. Examples of the ether include ethyl methyl ether, diethyl ether, monoglyme (ethylene glycol dimethyl ether), diglyme (diethylene glycol dimethyl ether), triglyme (triethylene glycol dimethyl ether), tetrahydrofuran, tetraglyme (tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether), crown ether (15-crown-5, 18-crown-6), and the like, and among them, tetrahydrofuran and diethyl ether are preferable.

The temperature of the reaction between lithium and the chlorosilane compound in step (11c) is preferably-78 to 100 ℃, more preferably 10 to 40 ℃.

The reaction temperature of the siloxysithium compound and the compound (10c) in the step (11c) is preferably-100 to 0 ℃ and more preferably-80 to-50 ℃.

The pressure for the reaction between lithium and the chlorosilane compound in step (11c) is preferably 0.1 to 5MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 1 MPa.

The pressure for the reaction between the siloxysithium compound and the compound (10c) in the step (11c) is preferably 0.1 to 5MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 1 MPa.

The time for the reaction between lithium and the chlorosilane compound in step (11c) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, and more preferably 6 to 10 hours.

The reaction time of the siloxysithium compound and the compound (10c) in the step (11c) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, more preferably 1 to 2 hours.

In the step (12c), the ratio of the olefin to be reacted with the compound (11c) is preferably 1 to 2 moles, more preferably 1 to 1.1 moles, of the olefin based on 1 mole of the compound (11c) in view of improvement in yield and reduction in waste.

The reaction in the step (12c) may be carried out in a solvent in the presence of a thiazolium salt and a base.

Examples of the thiazolium salt include 3-ethyl-5- (2-hydroxyethyl) -4-methylthiazolium bromide, 3-benzyl-5- (2-hydroxyethyl) -4-methylthiazolium chloride, and the like.

Examples of the base include 1, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] -7-undecene and triethylamine.

The solvent is preferably an organic solvent, more preferably an aprotic polar solvent, and further preferably an alcohol or an ether.

Examples of the alcohol include methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, and isopropanol.

Examples of the ether include ethyl methyl ether, diethyl ether, monoglyme (ethylene glycol dimethyl ether), diglyme (diethylene glycol dimethyl ether), triglyme (triethylene glycol dimethyl ether), tetrahydrofuran, tetraglyme (tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether), crown ether (15-crown-5, 18-crown-6), and the like, and among them, tetrahydrofuran and diethyl ether are preferable.

The temperature of the reaction in the step (12c) is preferably 40 to 60 ℃, more preferably 50 to 55 ℃.

The pressure of the reaction in the step (12c) is preferably 0.1 to 5MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 1 MPa.

The reaction time in the step (12c) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, more preferably 6 to 10 hours.

The leaving group elimination reaction in the step (13c) can be carried out by using a fluoride ion or an acid. Examples of the method for detaching a leaving group include: a method using hydrofluoric acid; a method using an amine complex of hydrogen fluoride such as pyridine nHF or triethylamine nHF; cesium fluoride, potassium fluoride, lithium fluoroborate (LiBF) are used ₄) A method of using an inorganic salt such as ammonium fluoride; a method using an organic salt such as tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF).

The leaving group elimination reaction in the step (13c) may be carried out in a polar solvent. The solvent is preferably an organic solvent, more preferably an aprotic polar solvent, and still more preferably an ether.

Examples of the ether include ethyl methyl ether, diethyl ether, monoglyme (ethylene glycol dimethyl ether), diglyme (diethylene glycol dimethyl ether), triglyme (triethylene glycol dimethyl ether), tetrahydrofuran, tetraglyme (tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether), crown ether (15-crown-5, 18-crown-6), and the like, and among them, tetrahydrofuran and diethyl ether are preferable.

The temperature of the reaction in the step (13c) is preferably 0 to 40 ℃ and more preferably 0 to 20 ℃.

The pressure of the reaction in the step (13c) is preferably 0.1 to 5MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 1 MPa.

The reaction time in the step (13c) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, more preferably 3 to 8 hours.

The oxidation in the step (14c) may be carried out in a solvent in the presence of sodium chlorite.

As the solvent, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, isopropanol, 1-butanol and tert-butanol, and water can be used. As the buffer, a disodium hydrogen phosphate solution can be used.

Compound (14c) can be contacted with a base to convert-COOH to a salt form. Examples of the base include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, and ammonia, and an aqueous solution of ammonia is preferably used.

After completion of each step, the purity of the obtained compound can be improved by removing the solvent by distillation, or by performing distillation, purification, or the like.

The surfactant (c) can also be suitably produced by a production method comprising the step (21c), the step (22c) and the step (23c), wherein,

the step (21c) is a step of reacting:

[ solution 86]

(in the formula, R^3cAs mentioned above, R^22cIs a 1-valent organic radical, E^cIs a leaving group) with a ketone of formula (la):

[ solution 87]

(in the formula, R^1cAs mentioned above, R^23cIs a 1-valent organic group) to yield a carboxylic acid ester of the formula:

[ solution 88]

(in the formula, R^1c、R^3cAnd E^cAs mentioned above, R^24cA single bond or a 2-valent linking group),

step (22c) is a step of removing the leaving group of compound (21c) to obtain a compound represented by the formula:

[ solution 89]

(in the formula, R^1c、R^24cAnd R^3cAs described above) of the compound (22c),

step (23c) is to oxidize compound (22c) to give a compound of formula (la):

[ solution 90]

(in the formula, R^1c、R^24cAnd R^3cAs described above) of the compound (23 c).

R^1cWhen the furan ring is contained in (b), the furan ring can be opened by an acid to convert into a dicarbonyl derivative, for example. Examples of the acid include acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid, and among them, acetic acid is preferable.

E^cRepresents a leaving group. Examples of the leaving group include t-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS), Triethylsilyl (TES), Triisopropylsilyl (TIPS), t-butyldiphenylsilyl (TBDPS), and benzyl (Bn).

As R^22cThe alkyl group is preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms, and more preferably a methyl group.

As R^23cThe alkyl group is preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms, and more preferably a methyl group.

As R^24cThe alkylene group is preferably a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 or more carbon atoms, and more preferably a methylene group (-CH)₂-)。

The reaction in the step (21c) may be carried out in a solvent in the presence of a base.

Examples of the base include sodium amide, sodium hydride, sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, and the like.

The solvent is preferably an organic solvent, more preferably an aprotic polar solvent, and further preferably an alcohol or an ether.

Examples of the alcohol include methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, and isopropanol.

Examples of the ether include ethyl methyl ether, diethyl ether, monoglyme (ethylene glycol dimethyl ether), diglyme (diethylene glycol dimethyl ether), triglyme (triethylene glycol dimethyl ether), tetrahydrofuran, tetraglyme (tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether), crown ether (15-crown-5, 18-crown-6), and the like, and among them, tetrahydrofuran and diethyl ether are preferable.

The temperature of the reaction in the step (21c) is preferably 0 to 40 ℃ and more preferably 0 to 20 ℃.

The pressure of the reaction in the step (21c) is preferably 0.1 to 5MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 1 MPa.

The reaction time in the step (21c) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, more preferably 3 to 8 hours.

The leaving group elimination reaction in the step (22c) can be carried out by using a fluoride ion or an acid. Examples of the method for detaching a leaving group include: a method using hydrofluoric acid; a method using an amine complex of hydrogen fluoride such as pyridine nHF or triethylamine nHF; cesium fluoride, potassium fluoride, lithium fluoroborate (LiBF) are used₄) A method of using an inorganic salt such as ammonium fluoride; a method using an organic salt such as tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF).

The leaving group elimination reaction in the step (22c) may be carried out in a solvent. The solvent is preferably an organic solvent, more preferably an aprotic polar solvent, and still more preferably an ether.

Examples of the ether include ethyl methyl ether, diethyl ether, monoglyme (ethylene glycol dimethyl ether), diglyme (diethylene glycol dimethyl ether), triglyme (triethylene glycol dimethyl ether), tetrahydrofuran, tetraglyme (tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether), crown ether (15-crown-5, 18-crown-6), and the like, and among them, tetrahydrofuran and diethyl ether are preferable.

The temperature of the reaction in the step (22c) is preferably 0 to 40 ℃ and more preferably 0 to 20 ℃.

The pressure of the reaction in the step (22c) is preferably 0.1 to 5MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 1 MPa.

The reaction time in the step (22c) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, more preferably 3 to 8 hours.

The oxidation in the step (23c) may be carried out in a solvent in the presence of sodium chlorite.

As the solvent, alcohol and water can be used. As the buffer, a disodium hydrogen phosphate solution can be used.

Compound (23c) can be contacted with a base to convert-COOH into a salt form. Examples of the base include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, and ammonia, and an aqueous solution of ammonia is preferably used.

After completion of each step, the purity of the obtained compound can be improved by removing the solvent by distillation, or by performing distillation, purification, or the like.

The surfactant (c) can also be suitably produced by a production method comprising the step (31c), the step (32c), the step (33c) and the step (34c),

the step (31c) is a step of reacting: y is^c-R^3c-CH₂-OE^c

(in the formula, R^3cAs described above, Y^cIs a halogen atom, E^cIs a leaving group) with a haloalkyl group of the formula:

[ solution 91]

(in the formula, R^1cAs described above) to give a compound of formula:

[ solution 92]

(in the formula, R^1c、R^3cAnd E^cAs described above) of the compound (31c),

step (32c) is to oxidize compound (31c) to obtain the compound of formula (II)

[ solution 93]

(in the formula, R^1c、R^3cAnd E^cAs described above) of the compound (32c),

step (33c) is a step of removing the leaving group of compound (32c) to obtain a compound represented by the formula:

[ solution 94]

(in the formula, R^1cAnd R^3cAs described above) of the compound (33c),

step (34c) is to oxidize compound (33c) to obtain a compound of formula (la):

[ solution 95]

(in the formula, R^1cAnd R^3cAs described above) of the compound (34 c).

R^1cWhen the furan ring is contained in (b), the furan ring can be opened by an acid to convert into a dicarbonyl derivative, for example. Examples of the acid include acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid, and among them, acetic acid is preferable.

E^cRepresents a leaving group. Examples of the leaving group include t-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS), Triethylsilyl (TES), Triisopropylsilyl (TIPS), t-butyldiphenylsilyl (TBDPS)Benzyl (Bn), and the like.

In the step (31c), the ratio of the halogenated alkyl group to the lithium acetylide in the reaction is preferably 1 to 2 moles, more preferably 1 to 1.2 moles, of the lithium acetylide to 1 mole of the halogenated alkyl group, in view of improvement of yield and reduction of waste.

The reaction in step (31c) may be carried out in a solvent. As the solvent, hexane is preferable.

The temperature of the reaction in the step (31c) is preferably-100 ℃ to-40 ℃, more preferably-80 ℃ to-50 ℃.

The pressure of the reaction in the step (31c) is preferably 0.1 to 5MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 1 MPa.

The reaction time in the step (31c) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, more preferably 6 to 10 hours.

The oxidation in the step (32c) can be carried out as follows: will [ (Cn)^*)Ru^III(CF₃CO₂)₃]·H₂O (in the formula, Cn)^*Represents the utilization of (NH) by 1,4, 7-trimethyl-1, 4, 7-triazabicyclononane₄)₂Ce(NO₃)₆And trifluoroacetic acid treatment, sodium perchlorate is added to form a complex, and the oxidation is carried out in a nitrile solvent using the complex.

After the termination of the oxidation, the compound (32c) can be extracted by neutralizing with a base and using an organic solvent such as ether.

The temperature of the reaction in the step (32c) is preferably 30 to 100 ℃, more preferably 40 to 90 ℃.

The pressure of the reaction in the step (32c) is preferably 0.1 to 5MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 1 MPa.

The reaction time in the step (32c) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, more preferably 3 to 8 hours.

The leaving group elimination reaction in the step (33c) can be carried out by using a fluoride ion or an acid. Examples of the method for detaching a leaving group include: a method using hydrofluoric acid; a method using an amine complex of hydrogen fluoride such as pyridine nHF or triethylamine nHF; use of Cesium fluoride, potassium fluoride, lithium fluoroborate (LiBF)₄) A method of using an inorganic salt such as ammonium fluoride; a method using an organic salt such as tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF).

The leaving group elimination reaction in the step (33c) may be carried out in a solvent. The solvent is preferably an organic solvent, more preferably an aprotic polar solvent, and still more preferably an ether.

Examples of the ether include ethyl methyl ether, diethyl ether, monoglyme (ethylene glycol dimethyl ether), diglyme (diethylene glycol dimethyl ether), triglyme (triethylene glycol dimethyl ether), tetrahydrofuran, tetraglyme (tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether), crown ether (15-crown-5, 18-crown-6), and the like, and among them, tetrahydrofuran and diethyl ether are preferable.

The temperature of the reaction in the step (33c) is preferably 0 to 40 ℃ and more preferably 0 to 20 ℃.

The pressure of the reaction in the step (33c) is preferably 0.1 to 5MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 1 MPa.

The reaction time in the step (33c) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, more preferably 3 to 8 hours.

The oxidation in the step (34c) may be carried out in a solvent in the presence of sodium chlorite.

As the solvent, alcohol and water can be used. As the buffer, a disodium hydrogen phosphate solution can be used.

Compound (34c) can be contacted with a base to convert-COOH to a salt form. Examples of the base include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, and ammonia, and an aqueous solution of ammonia is preferably used.

After completion of each step, the purity of the obtained compound can be improved by removing the solvent by distillation, or by performing distillation, purification, or the like.

The surfactant (c) can also be suitably produced by a production method comprising the step (51c), the step (52c), the step (53c) and the step (54c), wherein,

the step (51c) is a step of reacting:

[ solution 96]

A divinylketone is disclosed having the formula:

[ solution 97]

The 2-methylfuran shown reacts to give the formula:

[ solution 98]

The step of preparing the compound (51c) shown below,

step (52c) is performed by reacting compound (51c) with a compound of formula (la):

[ solution 99]

The furan shown reacts to give the formula:

[ solution 100]

The step of preparing the compound (52c) shown below,

step (53c) is to heat compound (52c) in the presence of an acid, thereby obtaining formula (la):

[ solution 101]

The step of preparing the compound (53c) shown below,

step (54c) is to oxidize compound (53c) to give a compound of formula (la):

[ solution 102]

The step of preparing the compound (54 c).

In the step (51c), the reaction ratio of divinyl ketone and 2-methylfuran is preferably 0.5 to 1 mol, more preferably 0.6 to 0.9 mol, of 2-methylfuran with respect to 1 mol of divinyl ketone, in view of improvement in yield and reduction in waste.

The reaction in the step (51c) is preferably carried out in the presence of an acid. Examples of the acid include acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid, and among them, acetic acid is preferable.

The amount of the acid used in the step (51c) is preferably 0.1 to 2 moles, more preferably 0.1 to 1 mole, based on 1 mole of the divinylketone, in view of improvement in yield and reduction in waste.

The reaction in the step (51c) may be carried out in a polar solvent. The solvent is preferably water or acetonitrile.

The temperature of the reaction in the step (51c) is preferably 20 to 100 ℃, more preferably 40 to 100 ℃.

The pressure of the reaction in the step (51c) is preferably 0.1 to 5MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 1 MPa.

The reaction time in the step (51c) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, more preferably 4 to 8 hours.

In the step (52c), the reaction ratio of the compound (51c) and furan is preferably 1 to 2 moles, more preferably 1 to 1.1 moles, of furan to 1 mole of the compound (51c) in view of improvement in yield and reduction in waste.

The reaction in the step (52c) is preferably carried out in the presence of an acid. Examples of the acid include acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid, and among them, acetic acid is preferable.

The amount of the acid used in the step (52c) is preferably 0.1 to 2 moles, more preferably 0.1 to 1 mole, based on 1 mole of the compound (51c), in view of improvement in yield and reduction in waste.

The reaction in the step (52c) may be carried out in a polar solvent. As the solvent, water is preferable.

The temperature of the reaction in the step (52c) is preferably 20 to 100 ℃, more preferably 40 to 100 ℃.

The pressure of the reaction in the step (52c) is preferably 0.1 to 5MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 1 MPa.

The reaction time in the step (52c) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, more preferably 4 to 8 hours.

In the step (53c), the compound (52c) is heated in the presence of an acid to open the furan ring.

The acid is preferably hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid.

The reaction in the step (53c) may be carried out in a polar solvent. As the solvent, water is preferable.

The temperature of the reaction in the step (53c) is preferably 50 to 100 ℃, more preferably 70 to 100 ℃.

The pressure of the reaction in the step (53c) is preferably 0.1 to 5MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 1 MPa.

The reaction time in the step (53c) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, more preferably 1 to 12 hours.

The oxidation in the step (54c) may be carried out in a solvent in the presence of sodium chlorite.

As the solvent, t-butanol and water can be used. As the buffer, a disodium hydrogen phosphate solution can be used.

Compound (54c) may be contacted with a base to convert-COOH to a salt form. Examples of the base include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, and ammonia, and an aqueous solution of ammonia is preferably used.

After completion of each step, the purity of the obtained compound can be improved by removing the solvent by distillation, or by performing distillation, purification, or the like.

The surfactant (c) can also be suitably produced by a production method comprising the step (61c) and the step (62c) wherein,

the step (61c) is a step of reacting:

[ solution 103]

(in the formula, R^1cAs mentioned above, R^21cIs a single bond or a 2-valent linking group) with an olefin of the formula:

[ solution 104]

(in the formula, Y^61cIs an alkyl ester group) to give an alkyne of the formula:

[ solution 105]

(in the formula, R^1c、R^21cAnd Y^61cAs described above) of the compound (61c),

the step (62c) is a step of allowing a base to act on the compound (61c) and then allowing an acid to act thereon to obtain a compound represented by the formula:

[ solution 106]

(in the formula, R^1cAnd R^21cAs described above) and a compound (62 c).

R^1cWhen the furan ring is contained in (b), the furan ring can be opened by an acid to convert into a dicarbonyl derivative, for example. Examples of the acid include acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid, and among them, acetic acid is preferable.

As R^21cPreferably, it is a single bond or a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 or more carbon atoms.

In the step (61c), the ratio of the olefin to the alkyne is preferably 0.5 to 2 moles, more preferably 0.6 to 1.2 moles, of the olefin with respect to 1 mole of the alkyne in view of improvement of yield and reduction of waste.

The reaction in the step (61c) is preferably carried out in the presence of a metal catalyst. Examples of the metal include ruthenium.

The amount of the metal catalyst used in the step (61c) is preferably 0.01 to 0.4 mol, more preferably 0.05 to 0.1 mol, based on 1 mol of the olefin, in view of improvement in yield and reduction in waste.

The reaction in the step (61c) may be carried out in a polar solvent. The solvent is preferably water, acetonitrile, dimethylacetamide or dimethylformamide.

The temperature of the reaction in the step (61c) is preferably 20 to 160 ℃ and more preferably 40 to 140 ℃.

The pressure of the reaction in the step (61c) is preferably 0.1 to 5MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 1 MPa.

The reaction time in the step (61c) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, more preferably 4 to 8 hours.

In the step (62c), the proportion of the base to be reacted with the compound (61c) is preferably 0.6 to 2 moles, more preferably 0.8 to 1.1 moles, based on 1 mole of the compound (61c), in view of improvement in yield and reduction in waste.

The amount of the acid used in the step (62c) is preferably 1.0 to 20.0 moles, more preferably 1.0 to 10.0 moles, based on 1 mole of the compound (61c), in view of improvement in yield and reduction in waste.

The reaction in step (62c) may be carried out in a polar solvent. As the solvent, water is preferable.

The temperature of the reaction in the step (62c) is preferably 0 to 100 ℃, more preferably 20 to 100 ℃.

The pressure of the reaction in the step (62c) is preferably 0.1 to 5MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 1 MPa.

The reaction time in the step (62c) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, more preferably 4 to 8 hours.

Compound (62c) may be contacted with a base to convert-COOH to a salt form. Examples of the base include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, and ammonia, and an aqueous solution of ammonia is preferably used.

After completion of each step, the purity of the obtained compound can be improved by removing the solvent by distillation, or by performing distillation, purification, or the like.

The surfactant (d) will be explained.

In the formula (d), R^1dIs a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms, which may have a substituent, or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 or more carbon atoms, which may have a substituent.

When the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is 3 or more, the alkyl group may contain a heterocyclic ring having a valence of 1 or 2, or may form a ring. The heterocyclic ring is preferably an unsaturated heterocyclic ring, more preferably an oxygen-containing unsaturated heterocyclic ring, and examples thereof include furan rings and the like. R^1dIn the above formula, a 2-valent heterocyclic ring may be inserted between 2 carbon atoms, a 2-valent heterocyclic ring may be located at the terminal and bonded to — C (═ O) -, and a 1-valent heterocyclic ring may be located at the terminal of the alkyl group.

In the present specification, the "number of carbon atoms" of the alkyl group also includes the number of carbon atoms constituting the heterocyclic ring.

With respect to as R^1dThe substituent which the alkyl group may have is preferably a halogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms or a hydroxyl group, and particularly preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group.

As R^1dThe above alkyl group of (a) preferably does not contain a carbonyl group.

In the above alkyl groups, 75% or less of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms may be substituted with a halogen atom, 50% or less may be substituted with a halogen atom, and 25% or less may be substituted with a halogen atom, but a non-halogenated alkyl group containing no halogen atom such as a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom is preferable.

The above alkyl group preferably does not have any substituent.

As R^1dThe alkyl group is preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which may or may not have a substituent, or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which may or may not include a carbonyl group, or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, which may not include a carbonyl group, further preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which may not have a substituent, further more preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, which may not have a substituent, and particularly preferably a methyl group (-CH)₃) Or ethyl (-C)₂H₅) Most preferred is methyl (-CH)₃)。

In the formula (d), R^2dAnd R^4dIndependently is H or a substituent. More than 2R^2dAnd R^4dEach may be the same or different.

With respect to as R^2dAnd R^4dThe substituent(s) is preferably a halogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or a hydroxyl group, and particularly preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group.

As R^2dAnd R^4dThe above alkyl group of (a) preferably does not contain a carbonyl group. In the above alkyl groups, 75% or less of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms may be substituted with a halogen atom, 50% or less may be substituted with a halogen atom, and 25% or less may be substituted with a halogen atom, but a non-halogenated alkyl group containing no halogen atom such as a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom is preferable.

The above alkyl group preferably does not have any substituent.

With respect to as R^2dAnd R^4dThe alkyl group (C) is preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and not containing a carbonyl group or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and not containing a carbonyl group, more preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and not containing a carbonyl group, further preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and not containing a substituent, and particularly preferably a methyl group (-CH)₃) Or ethyl (-C)₂H₅)。

As R^2dAnd R^4dPreferably independently H or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and not containing a carbonyl group, more preferably H or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and not containing a substituent, and still more preferably H or a methyl group (-CH)₃) Or ethyl (-C)₂H₅) H is particularly preferred.

In the formula (d), R^3dIs an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent. R^3dWhen there are 2 or more, they may be the same or different.

The alkylene group preferably does not contain a carbonyl group.

In the above alkylene group, 75% or less of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms may be substituted with a halogen atom, 50% or less may be substituted with a halogen atom, and 25% or less may be substituted with a halogen atom, but a non-halogenated alkyl group containing no halogen atom such as a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom is preferable.

The above alkylene group preferably does not have any substituent.

The alkylene group is preferably a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may have a substituent or may not have a substituent or a cyclic alkylene group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms which may have a substituent or not, more preferably a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may not contain a carbonyl group or a cyclic alkylene group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms which may not contain a carbonyl group, more preferably a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may not have a substituent, and still more preferably methylene (-CH)₂-) ethylene (-C), ethylene (-C)₂H₄-) isopropylidene (-CH (CH)₃)CH₂-) or propylene (-C)₃H₆-)。

R^1d、R^2d、R^3dAnd R^4dAny two of which may be bonded to each other to form a ring.

In the formula (d), n is an integer of 1 or more. The number n is preferably an integer of 1 to 40, more preferably an integer of 1 to 30, and still more preferably an integer of 5 to 25.

In the formula (d), p and q are independently integers of 0 or more. P is preferably an integer of 0 to 10, more preferably 0 or 1. Q is preferably an integer of 0 to 10, more preferably an integer of 0 to 5.

The sum of n, p and q is preferably an integer of 6 or more. The sum of n, p and q is more preferably an integer of 8 or more. The total of n, p and q is preferably an integer of 60 or less, more preferably an integer of 50 or less, and still more preferably an integer of 40 or less.

In the formula (d), A^dis-SO₃X^dor-COOX^d(X^dIs H, a metal atom, NR^5d ₄Imidazolium with or without substituents, pyridinium with or without substituents or phosphonium with or without substituents, R^5dIs H or an organic group, which may be the same or different). As R^5dPreferably, H or an organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably H or an organic group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples of the metal atom include a metal atom having a valence of 1 and a metal atom having a valence of 2, and examples thereof include an alkali metal (group 1), an alkaline earth metal (group 2), and the like, and preferably include Na, K, and Li. X^dMay be a metal atom or NR^5d ₄(R^5dAs described above).

As X^dPreferably H, alkali metal (group 1), alkaline earth metal (group 2) or NR^5d ₄For reasons of easy solubility in water, H, Na, K, Li or NH are more preferred₄Further, Na, K or NH is preferable for the reason of being more soluble in water₄Particularly preferred is Na or NH₄For reasons of easy removal, NH is most preferred₄。X^dIs NH₄In the case of the surfactant, the surfactant has excellent solubility in an aqueous medium, and a metal component is not likely to remain in PTFE or a final product.

In the formula (d), L is a single bond, -CO₂-B-*、-OCO-B-*、-CONR^6d-B-*、-NR^6dCO-B-, or-CO- (excluding-CO)₂-B-、-OCO-B-、-CONR^6d-B-、-NR^6dA carbonyl group contained in CO-B-), B is a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and having or not having a substituent, R ^6dIs H or with or without substituentsAn alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The number of carbon atoms of the alkylene group is more preferably 1 to 5. In addition, the above R^6dMore preferably H or methyl. Is represented by A in the formula^dOne side of the bond.

L is preferably a single bond.

The above surfactant is in¹The integral value of all peak intensities observed in the region of chemical shifts 2.0ppm to 5.0ppm in the H-NMR spectrum is preferably 10 or more.

The above surfactant is in¹The integral value of all peak intensities observed in the region of chemical shifts 2.0ppm to 5.0ppm in the H-NMR spectrum is preferably within the above range. In this case, the surfactant preferably has a ketone structure in the molecule.

In the surfactant, the integrated value is more preferably 15 or more, preferably 95 or less, more preferably 80 or less, and still more preferably 70 or less.

The integral value was measured at room temperature using a heavy water solvent. The amount of heavy water was 4.79 ppm.

Examples of the surfactant (d) include

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂COOK、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂COONa、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂COONa、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂COONa、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂COONa、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂COONa、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂COONa、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂COONa、

(CH₃)₃CC(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂COONa、

(CH₃)₂CHC(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂COONa、

(CH₂)₅CHC(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂COONa、

CH₃CH₂C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂COONa、

CH₃CH₂CH₂C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂COONa、

CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂COONa、

CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂COONa、

CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂COONa、

CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(O)CH₂CH₂COONa、

CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(O)CH₂COONa、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂COONa、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(O)NHCH₂COOK、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂NHC(O)CH₂COOK、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(O)OCH₂COONa、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OC(O)CH₂COONa、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(O)COONa、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(O)COOH、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(O)COOLi、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(O)COONH₄、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(O)COONa、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(CH₃)₂COOK、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂SO₃Na、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂SO₃Na、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂SO₃Na、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂SO₃Na、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂SO₃Na、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂SO₃Na、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂SO₃Na、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂SO₃Na、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂SO₃Na、

(CH₃)₃CC(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂SO₃Na、

(CH₃)₂CHC(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂SO₃Na、

(CH₂)₅CHC(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂SO₃Na、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂SO₃Na、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂SO₃Na、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂SO₃Na、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂SO₃Na、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂SO₃Na、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂SO₃Na、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂SO₃Na、

CH₃C(O)CH₂SO₃Na、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂SO₃Na、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(O)NHCH₂SO₃Na、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂NHC(O)CH₂SO₃Na、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(O)SO₃Na、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(O)OCH₂SO₃Na、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OC(O)CH₂SO₃Na、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂SO₃H、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂SO₃K、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂SO₃Li、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂SO₃NH₄、

CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(CH₃)₂SO₃Na and the like.

The surfactant (d) is a novel compound, and can be produced, for example, by the production method described below.

The surfactant (d) can be suitably produced by a production method comprising the step (11d) of,

The step (11d) is a step of reacting a compound represented by the formula:

[ solution 107]

(in the formula, R^1d、R^2dAnd n is as described above)

The compound (10d) represented is represented by the following formula:

[ solution 108]

(in the formula, R^3dAs described above. L is a single bond, -CO₂-B-*、-OCO-B-*、-CONR^6d-B-*、-NR^6dCO-B-, or-CO- (excluding-CO)₂-B-、-OCO-B-、-CONR^6d-B-、-NR^6dA carbonyl group contained in CO-B-), B is a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and having or not having a substituent, R^6dH or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent. Means and in formula-S (═ O)₂-bonded side) to yield the following formula:

[ solution 109]

(in the formula, R^1d～R^3dN and X^dAs described above. L is a single bond, -CO₂-B-*、-OCO-B-*、-CONR^6d-B-*、-NR^6dCO-B-, or-CO- (excluding-CO)₂-B-、-OCO-B-、-CONR^6d-B-、-NR^6dA carbonyl group contained in CO-B-), B is a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and having or not having a substituent, R^6dIs HOr an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent. is-OSO in the formula₃X^dThe side to which the bond is bonded) of the compound (11 d).

The reaction in the step (11d) may be carried out in the presence of a base.

Examples of the base include sodium hydride, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and triethylamine. The base may be used in an amount of 0.5 to 20 mol based on 1 mol of the compound (10 d).

The reaction in the step (11d) may be carried out in a solvent.

The solvent is preferably an organic solvent, and more preferably an aprotic polar solvent. Examples of the organic solvent include ethers, aromatic compounds, nitriles, halogenated hydrocarbons, and the like.

Examples of the ether include diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, and the like, and among them, diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran are preferable.

The aromatic compound includes benzene, toluene, xylene, etc., and among them, benzene is preferable.

The nitrile includes acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, isobutyronitrile, benzonitrile and the like, and among them, acetonitrile is preferable.

Examples of the halogenated hydrocarbon include dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, chlorobenzene, and o-dichlorobenzene, and dichloromethane and chloroform are preferable among them.

The temperature of the reaction in the step (11d) is preferably-78 to 150 ℃, more preferably-20 to 100 ℃.

The pressure of the reaction in the step (11d) is preferably 0 to 10MPa, more preferably 0 to 1.0 MPa.

The reaction time in the step (11d) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, more preferably 0.1 to 48 hours.

The surfactant (d) can also be suitably produced by a production method comprising the step (21d) of, among others,

The step (21d) is a step of reacting a compound represented by the formula:

[ solution 110]

(in the formula, R^1d～R^4dN, p and q are as described above. L is a single bond, -CO₂-B-*、-OCO-B-*、-CONR^6d-B-*、-NR^6dCO-B-, or-CO- (excluding-CO)₂-B-、-OCO-B-、-CONR^6d-B-、-NR^6dA carbonyl group contained in CO-B-), B is a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and having or not having a substituent, R^6dH or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent. is-CH in the formula₂One side of-OH bond)

Oxidation of the compound (20d) shown gives the following formula:

[ solution 111]

(in the formula, R^1d～R^4dN, p, q and X^dAs described above. L is a single bond, -CO₂-B-*、-OCO-B-*、-CONR^6d-B-*、-NR^6dCO-B-, or-CO- (excluding-CO)₂-B-、-OCO-B-、-CONR^6d-B-、-NR^6dA carbonyl group contained in CO-B-), B is a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and having or not having a substituent, R^6dH or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent. is-CH in the formula₂-COOX^dOne side of the bond)

A step of preparing the compound (21 d).

The oxidation in the step (21d) can be carried out by allowing a nitrosating agent to act on the compound (20 d).

As the nitrosating agent, sodium nitrite, nitrososulfuric acid, isoamylnitrite, and the like can be used.

The nitrosating agent may be used in an amount of 0.5 to 10 mol based on 1 mol of the compound (20 d).

The oxidation in the step (21d) may be carried out in a solvent. As the solvent, trifluoroacetic acid, acetonitrile, or the like can be used.

The temperature of the oxidation in the step (21d) is preferably-78 to 200 ℃ and more preferably-20 to 100 ℃.

The pressure for the oxidation in the step (21d) is preferably 0 to 10MPa, more preferably 0 to 1.0 MPa.

The time for oxidation in the step (21d) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, more preferably 0.1 to 24 hours. .

The compound (10d) and the compound (20d) can be produced by a production method comprising the step (101d) and the step (102d),

the step (101d) is a step of reacting a compound represented by the formula:

R^11d-CH＝CH-Y^1d-OH

(in the formula, R^11dThe substituent(s) is (are) H, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms with or without a substituent, or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 or more carbon atoms with or without a substituent, and when the number of carbon atoms is 3 or more, the substituent(s) may include a heterocyclic ring having 1 or 2 valences, or may form a ring. Y is^1dIs- (CR)^2d ₂)_n-or- (CR)^2d ₂)n-(OR^3d)_p-(CR^4d ₂)_q-L-CH₂-(R^2d～R^4dN, L, p and q are as described above. L is a single bond, -CO₂-B-*、-OCO-B-*、-CONR^6d-B-*、-NR^6dCO-B-, or-CO- (excluding-CO)₂-B-、-OCO-B-、-CONR^6d-B-、-NR^6dA carbonyl group contained in CO-B-), B is a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and having or not having a substituent, R ^6dH or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent. is-CH in the formula₂-one side of the bond)) to obtain the following formula:

[ solution 112]

(in the formula, R^11dAnd Y^1dAs described above) of the compound (101d),

the step (102d) is to oxidize the compound (101d) to obtain the following formula:

[ solution 113]

(in the formula, R^11dAnd Y^1dAs described above) of the compound (102 d).

As R^11dThe above alkyl group of (a) preferably does not contain a carbonyl group.

As R^11dIn the above alkyl groups, 75% or less of the hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbon atoms may be substituted with a halogen atom, 50% or less may be substituted with a halogen atom, and 25% or less may be substituted with a halogen atom, but a non-halogenated alkyl group containing no halogen atom such as a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom is preferable.

The above alkyl group preferably does not have any substituent.

As R^11dThe alkyl group is preferably H, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms with or without a substituent, or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 9 carbon atoms with or without a substituent, more preferably H, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms which does not include a carbonyl group, or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 9 carbon atoms which does not include a carbonyl group, still more preferably H, or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms which does not include a substituent, and still more preferably H or a methyl group (-CH) ₃) Or ethyl (-C)₂H₅) Particularly preferred is H or methyl (-CH)₃) Most preferably, H.

The hydroxylation in the step (101d) can be carried out, for example, by the following method: (1d) a method of allowing iron (II) phthalocyanine (fe (pc)) and sodium borohydride to act on the compound (100d) in an oxygen atmosphere; (2d) reacting isopinocampheylborane (IpcBH)₂) After acting on Compound (100d), the resulting intermediate is(dialkyl boron) oxidation method.

In the method (1d), the amount of the iron (II) phthalocyanine may be a catalyst amount, and may be used in an amount of 0.001 to 1.2 mol based on 1 mol of the compound (100 d).

In the method (1d), sodium borohydride may be used in an amount of 0.5 to 20 mol based on 1 mol of the compound (100 d).

The reaction of process (1d) may be carried out in a solvent. The solvent is preferably an organic solvent, and examples thereof include ethers, halogenated hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, nitriles, nitrogen-containing polar organic compounds, and the like.

Examples of the ether include diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, and the like, and among them, diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran are preferable.

Examples of the halogenated hydrocarbon include dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, chlorobenzene, and o-dichlorobenzene, and dichloromethane and chloroform are preferable among them.

The aromatic hydrocarbon includes benzene, toluene, xylene, etc., and among them, benzene and toluene are preferable.

The nitrile includes acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, isobutyronitrile, benzonitrile and the like, and among them, acetonitrile is preferable.

Examples of the nitrogen-containing polar organic compound include N, N-dimethylformamide, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1, 3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, and the like, and among them, N-dimethylformamide, N-dimethylacetamide, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone are preferable.

The reaction temperature in the method (1d) is preferably-78 to 200 ℃ and more preferably 0 to 150 ℃.

The pressure of the reaction in the process (1d) is preferably 0 to 5.0MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 1.0 MPa.

The reaction time in the method (1d) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, more preferably 0.1 to 48 hours.

In the method (2d), isopinocampheylborane may be used in an amount of 1.0 to 10.0 mol based on 1 mol of the compound (100 d).

The reaction of the compound (100d) with isopinocampheylborane may be carried out in a solvent. The solvent is preferably an organic solvent, and examples thereof include ethers, halogenated hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, and the like.

Examples of the ether include diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, and the like, and among them, diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran are preferable.

Examples of the halogenated hydrocarbon include dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, chlorobenzene, and o-dichlorobenzene, and dichloromethane and chloroform are preferable among them.

The aromatic hydrocarbon includes benzene, toluene, xylene, etc., and among them, benzene and toluene are preferable.

The reaction temperature of the compound (100d) with isopinocampheylborane is preferably-78 to 200 ℃ and more preferably 0 to 150 ℃.

The pressure for the reaction between the compound (100d) and isopinocampheylborane is preferably 0 to 5.0MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 1.0 MPa.

The reaction time of the compound (100d) with isopinocampheylborane is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, more preferably 0.1 to 48 hours.

The oxidation in the method (2d) may be carried out by allowing an oxidizing agent to act on the intermediate. Examples of the oxidizing agent include hydrogen peroxide. The oxidizing agent may be used in an amount of 0.7 to 10 moles based on 1 mole of the intermediate.

The oxidation in process (2d) may be carried out in a solvent. Examples of the solvent include water, methanol, and ethanol, and among them, water is preferable.

The temperature for the oxidation in the method (2d) is preferably 0 to 100 ℃ and more preferably 0 to 80 ℃.

The pressure for the oxidation in the process (2d) is preferably 0 to 5.0MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 1.0 MPa.

The time for the oxidation in the method (2d) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, more preferably 0.1 to 48 hours.

In the step (102d), examples of the method for oxidizing the compound (101d) include: (a) using Jones reagent (CrO)₃/H₂SO₄) Method (jones oxidation); (b) methods using dess-martin periodinane (DMP) (dess-martin oxidation); (c) a method using pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC); (d) in NiCl₂A method of allowing a bleaching agent (about 5 to 6% aqueous solution of NaOCl) to act in the presence of a nickel compound; (e) in Al (CH)₃)₃、Al[OCH(CH₃)₂]₃And a method of allowing a hydrogen acceptor such as an aldehyde or a ketone to act in the presence of an aluminum catalyst (W-type oxidation).

The oxidation in the step (102d) may be carried out in a solvent. The solvent is preferably water or an organic solvent, and examples thereof include water, ketones, ethers, halogenated hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, and nitriles.

Examples of the ketone include acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, diacetone alcohol, and the like, and among them, acetone is preferable.

Examples of the ether include diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, and the like, and among them, diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran are preferable.

Examples of the halogenated hydrocarbon include dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, chlorobenzene, and o-dichlorobenzene, and dichloromethane and chloroform are preferable among them.

The aromatic hydrocarbon includes benzene, toluene, xylene, etc., and among them, benzene and toluene are preferable.

The nitrile includes acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, isobutyronitrile, benzonitrile and the like, and among them, acetonitrile is preferable.

The temperature of the oxidation in the step (102d) is preferably-78 to 200 ℃ and can be appropriately selected depending on the method used.

The pressure for the oxidation in the step (102d) is preferably 0 to 5.0MPa, and can be suitably selected according to the method used.

The time for oxidation in the step (102d) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, and can be appropriately selected depending on the method used.

The compound (10d) and the compound (20d) can be produced by a production method comprising the step (201d) of,

the step (201d) is a step of reacting a compound represented by the formula:

[ chemical formula 114]

(in the formula, R^1dAnd Y^1dAs described above. R^101dIs an organic group) to give the following formula:

[ solution 115]

(in the formula, R^1dAnd Y^1dAs described above) of the compound (201 d).

As R^101dPreferably, the alkyl group has 1 to 20 carbon atoms. 2R^101dMay be the same or different.

The ozonolysis in step (201d) can be carried out by subjecting the compound (200d) to ozone treatment and then to a post-treatment with a reducing agent.

Ozone can be generated by silent discharge in oxygen.

Examples of the reducing agent used in the above-mentioned post-treatment include zinc, dimethyl sulfide, thiourea, phosphines, etc., and among them, phosphines are preferable.

The ozonolysis in step (201d) may be carried out in a solvent. The solvent is preferably water or an organic solvent, and examples thereof include water, alcohols, carboxylic acids, ethers, halogenated hydrocarbons, and aromatic hydrocarbons.

Examples of the alcohol include methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, and isopropanol. Among them, methanol and ethanol are preferable.

Examples of the carboxylic acids include acetic acid and propionic acid. Among them, acetic acid is preferred.

Examples of the ether include diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, and the like, and among them, diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran are preferable.

Examples of the halogenated hydrocarbon include dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, chlorobenzene, and o-dichlorobenzene, and dichloromethane and chloroform are preferable among them.

The aromatic hydrocarbon includes benzene, toluene, xylene, etc., and among them, benzene and toluene are preferable.

The temperature for the ozonolysis in the step (201d) is preferably-78 to 200 ℃, more preferably 0 to 150 ℃.

The pressure for ozonolysis in step (201d) is preferably 0 to 5.0MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 1.0 MPa.

The time for ozonolysis in step (201d) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, more preferably 0.1 to 48 hours.

The compound (10d) and the compound (20d) can be produced by a production method comprising the step (301d), the step (302d) and the step (303d),

the step (301d) is a step of reacting a compound represented by the formula:

R^21d-CH＝CH-Y^1d-OH

(in the formula, Y^1dAs described above. R^21dA compound (300d) represented by H, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms with or without a substituent, or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 or more carbon atoms with or without a substituent, and which may contain a heterocyclic ring having 1 or 2 valences or may form a ring when the number of carbon atoms is 3 or more) is epoxidized to obtain the following formula:

[ solution 116]

(in the formula, R^21dAnd Y^1dAs described above) of the compound (301d),

the step (302d) is to react the compound (301d) with R^22d ₂CuLi(R^22dIs a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms, which may have a substituent, or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 or more carbon atoms, which may have a substituent, and has 3 or more carbon atomsIn the case (1) or (2) membered heterocyclic ring may be contained or a ring may be formed), the following formula is obtained:

[ solution 117]

(in the formula, R^21d、R^22dAnd Y^1dAs described above) of the compound (302d),

step (303d) is to oxidize compound (302d) to obtain the following formula:

[ chemical formula 118]

(in the formula, R^21d、R^22dAnd Y^1dAs described above) of the compound (303 d).

As R^21dThe above alkyl group of (a) preferably does not contain a carbonyl group.

As R^21dIn the above alkyl groups, 75% or less of the hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbon atoms may be substituted with a halogen atom, 50% or less may be substituted with a halogen atom, and 25% or less may be substituted with a halogen atom, but a non-halogenated alkyl group containing no halogen atom such as a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom is preferable.

The above alkyl group preferably does not have any substituent.

As R^21dThe alkyl group is preferably H, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms with or without a substituent, or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms with or without a substituent, more preferably H, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms which does not include a carbonyl group, or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms which does not include a carbonyl group, still more preferably H, or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms which does not include a substituent, and particularly preferably H or a methyl group (-CH)₃) Most preferably, H.

As R^22dThe above-mentionedThe alkyl group preferably does not contain a carbonyl group.

As R^22dIn the above alkyl groups, 75% or less of the hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbon atoms may be substituted with a halogen atom, 50% or less may be substituted with a halogen atom, and 25% or less may be substituted with a halogen atom, but a non-halogenated alkyl group containing no halogen atom such as a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom is preferable.

The above alkyl group preferably does not have any substituent.

As R^22dThe alkyl group is preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, which may or may not have a substituent, or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 9 carbon atoms, more preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, which may or may not include a carbonyl group, or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 9 carbon atoms, which may not include a carbonyl group, even more preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, which may not have a substituent, and particularly preferably a methyl group (-CH)₃) Or ethyl (-C)₂H₅) Most preferred is methyl (-CH)₃)。

2R^22dMay be the same or different.

R^21dAnd R^22dThe total number of carbon atoms of (A) is preferably 1 to 7, more preferably 1 to 2, and most preferably 1.

The epoxidation in the step (301d) can be carried out by allowing an epoxidizing agent to act on the compound (300 d).

Examples of the epoxidizing agent include m-chloroperbenzoic acid (m-CPBA), perbenzoic acid, peracids such as hydrogen peroxide and t-butyl hydroperoxide, dimethyldioxirane and methyltrifluoromethyldioxirane, among which peracids are preferred and m-chloroperbenzoic acid is more preferred.

The epoxidizing agent may be used in an amount of 0.5 to 10.0 mol based on 1 mol of the compound (300 d).

The epoxidation in the step (301d) may be carried out in a solvent. The solvent is preferably an organic solvent, and examples thereof include ketones, ethers, halogenated hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, nitriles, pyridine, nitrogen-containing polar organic compounds, and dimethyl sulfoxide, and among them, dichloromethane is preferable.

Examples of the ketone include acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, diacetone alcohol, and the like, and among them, acetone is preferable.

Examples of the ether include diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, and the like, and among them, diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran are preferable.

Examples of the halogenated hydrocarbon include dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, chlorobenzene, and o-dichlorobenzene, and dichloromethane and chloroform are preferable among them.

The aromatic hydrocarbon includes benzene, toluene, xylene, etc., and among them, benzene and toluene are preferable.

The nitrile includes acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, isobutyronitrile, benzonitrile and the like, and among them, acetonitrile is preferable.

Examples of the nitrogen-containing polar organic compound include N, N-dimethylformamide, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1, 3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, and the like, and among them, N-dimethylformamide, N-dimethylacetamide, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone are preferable.

The temperature of epoxidation in the step (301d) is preferably-78 to 200 ℃, more preferably-40 to 150 ℃.

The pressure for epoxidation in the step (301d) is preferably 0 to 5.0MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 1.0 MPa.

The time for the epoxidation in the step (301d) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, more preferably 0.1 to 48 hours.

In the step (302d), the lithium dialkylcopper may be used in an amount of 0.5 to 10.0 mol based on 1 mol of the compound (301 d).

The reaction in the step (302d) may be carried out in a solvent. The solvent is preferably an organic solvent, and examples thereof include ethers, halogenated hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, and the like.

Examples of the ether include diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, and the like, and among them, diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran are preferable.

Examples of the halogenated hydrocarbon include dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, chlorobenzene, and o-dichlorobenzene, and dichloromethane and chloroform are preferable among them.

The aromatic hydrocarbon includes benzene, toluene, xylene, etc., and among them, benzene and toluene are preferable.

The temperature of the reaction in the step (302d) is preferably-78 to 200 ℃ and more preferably-40 to 150 ℃.

The pressure of the reaction in the step (302d) is preferably 0 to 5.0MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 1.0 MPa.

The reaction time in the step (302d) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, more preferably 0.1 to 48 hours.

In the step (303d), examples of a method for oxidizing the compound (302d) include: (a) using Jones reagent (CrO)₃/H₂SO₄) Method (jones oxidation); (b) methods using dess-martin periodinane (DMP) (dess-martin oxidation); (c) a method using pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC); (d) in NiCl₂A method of allowing a bleaching agent (about 5 to 6% aqueous solution of NaOCl) to act in the presence of a nickel compound; (e) in Al (CH)₃)₃、Al[OCH(CH₃)₂]₃And a method of allowing a hydrogen acceptor such as an aldehyde or a ketone to act in the presence of an aluminum catalyst (W-type oxidation).

The oxidation in the step (303d) may be carried out in a solvent. The solvent is preferably water or an organic solvent, and examples thereof include water, ketones, alcohols, ethers, halogenated hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, and nitriles.

Examples of the ketone include acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, diacetone alcohol, and the like, and among them, acetone is preferable.

Examples of the alcohol include methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, and isopropanol. Among them, methanol and ethanol are preferable.

Examples of the ether include diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, and the like, and among them, diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran are preferable.

Examples of the halogenated hydrocarbon include dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, chlorobenzene, and o-dichlorobenzene, and dichloromethane and chloroform are preferable among them.

The aromatic hydrocarbon includes benzene, toluene, xylene, etc., and among them, benzene and toluene are preferable.

The nitrile includes acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, isobutyronitrile, benzonitrile and the like, and among them, acetonitrile is preferable.

The temperature of the oxidation in the step (303d) is preferably-78 to 200 ℃ and can be appropriately selected depending on the method used.

The pressure for the oxidation in the step (303d) is preferably 0 to 5.0MPa, and can be appropriately selected depending on the method used.

The time for oxidation in the step (303d) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, and can be appropriately selected depending on the method used.

The compound (10d) and the compound (20d) can be produced by a production method comprising the step (401d) of,

the step (401d) is a step of reacting a compound represented by the formula:

R^11d-CH＝CH-Y^1d-OH

(in the formula, R^11dAnd Y^1dAs described above) to give the following formula:

[ solution 119]

(in the formula, R^11dAnd Y^1dAs described above) of the compound (401 d).

The oxidation in the step (401d) can be carried out by allowing an oxidizing agent to act on the compound (100d) in the presence of water and a palladium compound.

Examples of the oxidizing agent include monovalent or divalent copper salts such as copper chloride, copper acetate, copper cyanide and copper trifluoromethanesulfonate, iron salts such as iron chloride, iron acetate, iron cyanide, iron trifluoromethanesulfonate and iron hexacyanoferrate, benzoquinones such as 1, 4-benzoquinone, 2, 3-dichloro-5, 6-dicyano-1, 4-benzoquinone, tetrachloro-1, 2-benzoquinone and tetrachloro-1, 4-benzoquinone, H₂O₂、MnO₂、KMnO₄、RuO₄Meta-chloroperbenzoic acid, oxygen, etc. Among them, copper salts, iron salts and benzoquinones are preferable, and copper chloride, iron chloride and 1, 4-benzoquinone are more preferable.

The oxidizing agent may be used in an amount of 0.001 to 10 mol based on 1 mol of the compound (100 d).

The water may be used in an amount of 0.5 to 1000 mol based on 1 mol of the compound (100 d).

The palladium compound may be palladium dichloride. The amount of the palladium compound may be a catalyst amount, and may be used in an amount of 0.0001 to 1.0 mol based on 1 mol of the compound (100 d).

The oxidation in the step (401d) may be carried out in a solvent. Examples of the solvent include water, esters, aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, carboxylic acids, ethers, halogenated hydrocarbons, nitrogen-containing polar organic compounds, nitriles, dimethyl sulfoxide, and sulfolane.

Examples of the ester include ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA; also known as 1-methoxy-2-acetoxypropane), and ethyl acetate is preferable.

Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon include hexane, cyclohexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, undecane, dodecane, mineral spirits, and the like, and cyclohexane and heptane are preferable among them.

The aromatic hydrocarbon includes benzene, toluene, xylene, etc., and among them, benzene and toluene are preferable.

Examples of the alcohol include methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, and isopropanol.

Examples of the carboxylic acids include acetic acid and propionic acid. Among them, acetic acid is preferred.

Examples of the ether include diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, and the like, and among them, diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran are preferable.

Examples of the halogenated hydrocarbon include dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, chlorobenzene, and o-dichlorobenzene, and dichloromethane and chloroform are preferable among them.

Examples of the nitrogen-containing polar organic compound include N, N-dimethylformamide, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1, 3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, and the like, and among them, N-dimethylformamide, N-dimethylacetamide, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone are preferable.

The nitrile includes acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, isobutyronitrile, benzonitrile and the like, and among them, acetonitrile is preferable.

The temperature of the oxidation in the step (401d) is preferably-78 to 200 ℃ and more preferably-20 to 150 ℃.

The pressure for the oxidation in the step (401d) is preferably 0 to 10MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 5.0 MPa.

The time for oxidation in the step (401d) is preferably 0.1 to 72 hours, more preferably 0.1 to 48 hours.

The surfactant (d) can also be produced by a production method comprising the step (31d) of,

the step (31d) is a step of reacting a compound represented by the formula:

R^11d-CH＝CH-(CR^2d ₂)n-(OR^3d)_p-(CR^4d ₂)_q-L-COOX^d

(in the formula, R^2d～R^4d、R^11dN, p, q and X^dAs described above. L is a single bond, -CO₂-B-*、-OCO-B-*、-CONR^6d-B-*、-NR^6dCO-B-, or-CO- (excluding-CO)₂-B-、-OCO-B-、-CONR^6d-B-、-NR^6dA carbonyl group contained in CO-B-), B is a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and having or not having a substituent, R^6dH or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent. The alkylene group preferably has 1 to 5 carbon atoms. In addition, the above R^6dMore preferably H or methyl. is-COOX in the formula^dBonded side) to yield the following formula:

[ chemical formula 120]

(R^2d～R^4d、L、R^11dN, p, q and X^dAs described above) of the compound (31 d).

The oxidation in the step (31d) can be carried out by allowing an oxidizing agent to act on the compound (30d) in the presence of water and a palladium compound, and the same conditions as those for the oxidation in the step (401d) can be employed.

In any of the above-mentioned production methods, after completion of each step, the purity of the obtained compound can be improved by removing the solvent by distillation, or by performing distillation, purification, or the like. In addition, the resulting compound is-SO₃H. X-COOH or the like^dIn the case of the compound of H, these groups can be converted into a salt form by contacting with a base such as sodium carbonate or ammonia.

In the production method of the present invention, 2 or more kinds of the above-mentioned hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactants can be used simultaneously.

The polymerization step is a step of polymerizing tetrafluoroethylene alone or tetrafluoroethylene and a modifying monomer in an aqueous medium in the presence of a specific hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant, and preferably includes a step of continuously adding a specific hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant.

The continuous addition of the specific hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant means, for example, that the specific hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant is not added all at once but is added over time or in portions.

The specific hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant is, for example, the surfactant (1), a hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant having 1 or more carbonyl groups (excluding the carbonyl group in the carboxyl group), or a hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant obtained by subjecting a hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant having 1 or more carbonyl groups (excluding the carbonyl group in the carboxyl group) to radical treatment or oxidation treatment. The specific hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant is also preferably a hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant having 1 or more carbonyl groups (excluding the carbonyl group in the carboxyl group) described above, or a hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant having 1 or more carbonyl groups (excluding the carbonyl group in the carboxyl group) subjected to radical treatment or oxidation treatment.

By using the above method, an aqueous dispersion having a smaller average primary particle size and more excellent stability can be obtained. In addition, an aqueous dispersion having a smaller amount of non-precipitated polymer can be obtained.

Further, the present invention provides a polytetrafluoroethylene obtained by a production method comprising the steps of: a step of polymerizing tetrafluoroethylene alone or tetrafluoroethylene and a modified monomer in an aqueous medium in the presence of a specific hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant; and a step of continuously adding a specific hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant in the step.

In the above production method, in the step of continuously adding the specific hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant, the specific hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant is preferably added to the aqueous medium when the concentration of PTFE formed in the aqueous medium is 0.5% by mass or less. The specific hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant is preferably added at the time of the concentration of 0.50% by mass or less, more preferably at the time of the concentration of 0.36% by mass or less, still more preferably at the time of the concentration of 0.30% by mass or less, particularly preferably at the time of the concentration of 0.20% by mass or less, particularly preferably at the time of the concentration of 0.10% by mass or less, and most preferably at the time of polymerization initiation. The concentration is a concentration based on the total of the aqueous medium and PTFE.

In the step of continuously adding the specific hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant, the amount of the specific hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant added is preferably 0.01 to 10% by mass based on 100% by mass of the aqueous medium. The lower limit is more preferably 0.05% by mass, the lower limit is still more preferably 0.1% by mass, the upper limit is still more preferably 5% by mass, and the upper limit is still more preferably 1% by mass.

In the step of polymerizing tetrafluoroethylene alone or tetrafluoroethylene and a modifying monomer in an aqueous medium in the presence of a specific hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant, the amount of the specific hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant is preferably large and is preferably 0.0001 to 10% by mass based on 100% by mass of the aqueous medium. The lower limit is more preferably 0.001 mass%, and the upper limit is more preferably 1 mass%.

The specific hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of a surfactant (1) represented by the general formula (1), a surfactant (a) represented by the formula (a), a surfactant (b) represented by the formula (b), a surfactant (c) represented by the formula (c), a surfactant (d) represented by the formula (d), and surfactants (a) to (d) which have been subjected to radical treatment or oxidation treatment, more preferably, the surfactant is at least one selected from the group consisting of the surfactant (a) represented by the formula (a), the surfactant (b) represented by the formula (b), the surfactant (c) represented by the formula (c), the surfactant (d) represented by the formula (d), and surfactants obtained by subjecting the surfactants (a) to (d) to radical treatment or oxidation treatment.

The hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant used in the production method of the present invention is also preferably a carboxylic acid-type hydrocarbon-based surfactant. The carboxylic acid type hydrocarbon surfactant tends to have a shorter settling time than the sulfate type surfactant. However, according to the production method of the present invention, even in the case of using a carboxylic acid type hydrocarbon surfactant, an aqueous dispersion having a long settling time can be produced.

That is, the production method of the present invention is particularly suitable when the hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant is a carboxylic acid-type hydrocarbon surfactant.

The carboxylic acid type hydrocarbon surfactant is generally an anionic hydrocarbon surfactant having a hydrophilic portion of a carboxylic acid salt and a hydrophobic portion which is a long-chain hydrocarbon portion such as an alkyl group. Specifically, the hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant is not limited as long as it has a carboxyl group or a group in which a hydrogen atom of the carboxyl group is substituted with an inorganic cation (for example, a metal atom, ammonium, or the like), and, for example, among the above-mentioned hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactants, a hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant having a group in which a hydrogen atom of a carboxyl group or a carboxyl group is substituted with an inorganic cation can be used.

The carboxylic acid type hydrocarbon surfactant may be an aliphatic carboxylic acid type hydrocarbon surfactant, or a carboxylic acid type hydrocarbon other than an aliphatic type.

In the present specification, the "aliphatic carboxylic acid type hydrocarbon surfactant" refers to a carboxylic acid type hydrocarbon surfactant containing no carbonyl group (excluding a carboxyl group and a carbonyl group in an ester group).

The above-mentioned ester group means a group represented by-COO-or-OCO-.

As the above-mentioned carboxylic acid type hydrocarbon surfactant, for example, among the above-mentioned hydrocarbon type anionic surfactants, a hydrocarbon type anionic surfactant having a carboxyl group or a group in which a hydrogen atom of a carboxyl group is substituted with an inorganic cation can be used.

The carboxylic acid type hydrocarbon surfactant that can be used in the polymerization step and the addition step is preferably one selected from the group consisting of the surfactant (1) and the formula: r^6z(-L-M)₂An anionic surfactant of the formula and the formula: r^7z(-L-M)₃The anionic surfactant described above includes at least one member selected from the group consisting of a surfactant having a carboxyl group (-COOH) or a group in which a hydrogen atom of a carboxyl group is substituted with an inorganic cation (for example, a metal atom, ammonium, or the like), the compound (α) described above, the surfactant (1-0A), and a surfactant obtained by subjecting the above surfactants to radical treatment or oxidation treatment. The carboxylic acid type hydrocarbon surfactant may be used in a mixture of 1 species or 2 or more species.

The above compound (α) includes not only the above formula: r¹⁰-COOM (wherein R¹⁰And M is the same as described above), and an anionic hydrocarbon surfactant (preferably a compound represented by the formula (a) further comprising the formula: anion table of R-L-M (wherein R, L and M are the same as defined above)And surfactants having a carboxyl group (-COOH) or a group in which a hydrogen atom of the carboxyl group is substituted with an inorganic cation (for example, a metal atom, ammonium, or the like) in the surfactant, the surfactant (c), and the surfactant (d).

The carboxylic acid type hydrocarbon surfactant is preferably the compound (. alpha.), more preferably a compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds represented by the formula (A) and A in the formula (c)^cis-COOX^cA in the above formula (d)^dis-COOX^dAt least one member selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the formula (1), a compound represented by the formula (1-0A) wherein a is-COOM, and a compound obtained by subjecting the compound to radical treatment or oxidation treatment, and more preferably at least one member selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the formula (a) and a compound obtained by subjecting the compound to radical treatment or oxidation treatment.

In particular, at least one selected from the group consisting of lauric acid, capric acid, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, and salts thereof, and compounds obtained by subjecting these compounds to radical treatment or oxidation treatment is preferable, at least one selected from the group consisting of lauric acid and salts thereof, and compounds obtained by subjecting these compounds to radical treatment or oxidation treatment is more preferable, at least one selected from the group consisting of salts of lauric acid and compounds obtained by subjecting these compounds to radical treatment or oxidation treatment is even more preferable, and at least one selected from the group consisting of sodium laurate and compounds obtained by subjecting these compounds to radical treatment or oxidation treatment is even more preferable. Examples of the salt include a metal atom having a carboxyl group and a hydrogen atom of the formula M, NR ¹⁰¹ ₄The salt of imidazolium, pyridinium, or phosphonium is not particularly limited.

The carboxylic acid type hydrocarbon surfactant is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of the surfactant (1-0A) represented by the general formula (1-0A), the compound (α), the surfactant (c) represented by the formula (c), and the surfactant (d) represented by the formula (d).

As the hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant, a hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant obtained by subjecting the carboxylic acid-type hydrocarbon-based surfactant to radical treatment or oxidation treatment can be used. The carboxylic acid type hydrocarbon surfactant is preferably the compound (. alpha.).

The radical treatment may be a treatment for generating a radical in the carboxylic acid type hydrocarbon surfactant, and examples thereof include the following treatments: adding deionized water and a carboxylic acid type hydrocarbon surfactant into a reactor, sealing the reactor, replacing the system with nitrogen, heating and pressurizing the reactor, adding a polymerization initiator, stirring for a certain time, depressurizing the reactor until the pressure reaches atmospheric pressure, and cooling. The oxidation treatment is a treatment in which an oxidizing agent is added to a carboxylic acid type hydrocarbon surfactant. Examples of the oxidizing agent include oxygen, ozone, hydrogen peroxide, manganese (IV) oxide, potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate, nitric acid, and sulfur dioxide.

The method for producing PTFE of the present invention may further comprise a step of adjusting the pH of an aqueous medium containing a hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant to alkaline. The basic is a pH of preferably 7.1 or more, more preferably 7.5 or more, further preferably 8.0 or more, particularly preferably 8.5 or more, and further preferably 9.0 or more. By adjusting the pH to be alkaline, the surface active ability can be improved. The step of adjusting the pH may be performed before the step of subjecting the carboxylic acid type hydrocarbon surfactant to radical treatment or oxidation treatment, or may be performed after the step, and is preferably performed after the step. The method of adjusting the pH is not particularly limited, and a method of adding a pH adjuster to the aqueous medium may be mentioned. As the pH adjuster, ammonia, an aqueous NaOH solution, an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, ammonium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, ammonium citrate, sodium gluconate, potassium gluconate, ammonium gluconate, or the like can be used. The pH can be measured by a pH meter manufactured by orion.

In addition, the polymerization step is also preferably carried out in an aqueous medium having a pH of 4.0 or more in the presence of a hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant and a polymerization initiator. Preferably in an aqueous medium having a pH of 4.0 or more. Conventionally, since a polymerization initiator exhibiting acidity is used in a polymerization step for producing polytetrafluoroethylene, the pH of an aqueous medium used for polymerization is less than 4.0. The present inventors have conducted extensive studies and, as a result, have unexpectedly found that by adjusting the pH of the aqueous medium used in the polymerization to 4.0 or more, the stability of the polymerization is improved and polytetrafluoroethylene having a high molecular weight can be produced.

The pH may be 4.0 or more, preferably more than 4.0, more preferably 4.5 or more, further preferably 5.0 or more, further preferably 5.5 or more, particularly preferably 6.0 or more, particularly preferably 6.5 or more, particularly preferably 7.0 or more, particularly preferably 7.5 or more, and particularly preferably 8.0 or more. The upper limit of the pH is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 13.0 or less. From the viewpoint of corrosion of the polymerization reactor, it is preferably 12.0 or less, more preferably 11.5 or less, and still more preferably 11.0 or less.

The pH can be measured by a pH meter.

The method for adjusting the pH of the aqueous medium to 4.0 or more is not particularly limited, and for example, an alkaline aqueous solution, an aqueous dispersion exhibiting alkalinity, or a pH adjuster may be used to adjust the pH to 4.0 or more. In addition, even when a polymerization initiator that exhibits acidity when dissolved in an aqueous medium is used, the pH can be adjusted to 4.0 or more by further adding an alkali compound such as sodium hydroxide. The alkali compound is any compound which is soluble in water and ionized to generate OH^-Examples of the compound (4) include hydroxides of alkali metals such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide; hydroxides of alkaline earth metals; ammonia; amines, etc., are not particularly limited. The polymerization step may include a step of adding an alkali compound to the aqueous medium.

The pH of the aqueous medium may be set to 4.0 or more throughout the polymerization step. The pH may be set to 4.0 or more in the middle of the polymerization step, or may be set to 4.0 or more in the latter half of the polymerization step. In addition, the pH may be set to 4.0 or more in the middle stage and the latter half of the polymerization step.

For example, in the polymerization step, the pH of the aqueous medium is preferably 4.0 or more at a polymer solid content concentration of 3 mass% or more. In other words, the polymerization step is a step of polymerizing a fluorine-containing monomer in an aqueous medium in the presence of a hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant to obtain a fluorine-containing polymer, and in the polymerization step, the aqueous medium preferably has a pH of 4.0 or more at a polymer solid content concentration of 3% by mass or more. The aqueous medium preferably has a pH of 4.0 or more at a polymer solid content concentration of 5% by mass or more, more preferably has a pH of 4.0 or more at a polymer solid content concentration of 8% by mass or more, even more preferably has a pH of 4.0 or more at a polymer solid content concentration of 10% by mass or more, particularly preferably has a pH of 4.0 or more at a polymer solid content concentration of 15% by mass or more, particularly preferably has a pH of 4.0 or more at a polymer solid content concentration of 18% by mass or more, more preferably has a pH of 4.0 or more at 20% by mass or more, and even more preferably has a pH of 4.0 or more at 25% by mass or more.

In the polymerization step, the pH of the aqueous medium is preferably maintained at 4.0 or more from the time when the polymer solid content concentration is 25% by mass to the end of polymerization, more preferably at 4.0 or more from the time when the polymer solid content concentration reaches 20% by mass to the end of polymerization, still more preferably at 4.0 or more from the time when the polymer solid content concentration reaches 18% by mass to the end of polymerization, yet more preferably at 4.0 or more from the time when the polymer solid content reaches 15% by mass to the end of polymerization, particularly preferably at 4.0 or more from the time when the polymer solid content reaches 10% by mass to the end of polymerization, particularly preferably at 4.0 or more from the time when the polymer solid content reaches 8% by mass to the end of polymerization, more preferably at 4.0 or more from the time when the polymer solid content reaches 5% by mass to the end of polymerization, further preferably, the pH of the aqueous medium is maintained at 4.0 or more from the time when the pH reaches 3 mass% to the end of polymerization.

In the polymerization step, it is also preferable that the aqueous medium has a pH of 4.0 or more when the polymer solid content concentration is less than 15% by mass. In the polymerization step, the pH of the aqueous medium is preferably 4.0 or more at a polymer solid content concentration of 3 mass% or more and less than 15 mass%, more preferably 4.0 or more at a polymer solid content concentration of 5 mass% or more and less than 15 mass%, still more preferably 4.0 or more at a polymer solid content concentration of 8 mass% or more and less than 15 mass%, and yet more preferably 4.0 or more at a polymer solid content concentration of 10 mass% or more and less than 15 mass%.

In the polymerization step, the pH of the aqueous medium is preferably maintained at 4.0 or more, more preferably at 4.0 or more, even more preferably at 5% by mass or more and 15% by mass, and even more preferably at 4.0 or more, at a polymer solid content concentration of 10% by mass or more and 15% by mass.

The pH of the aqueous medium is preferably more than 4.0, more preferably 4.5 or more, further preferably 5.0 or more, further preferably 5.5 or more, particularly preferably 6.0 or more, particularly preferably 6.5 or more, more preferably 7.0 or more, further preferably 7.5 or more, and further preferably 8.0 or more in any case.

In the polymerization step, the pH of the aqueous medium is preferably 4.0 or more during 60% or more (preferably 70% or more, more preferably 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more, even more preferably 95% or more, still more preferably 99% or more, and particularly preferably 100%) from the time when the polymerization starts to the time when the polymer solid content concentration is 3% by mass (preferably 5% by mass, more preferably 8% by mass, even more preferably 10% by mass, even more preferably 15% by mass, still even more preferably 18% by mass, still even more preferably 20% by mass, and particularly preferably 25% by mass).

In the polymerization step, the pH of the aqueous medium is preferably 4.0 or more during 60% or more (preferably 70% or more, more preferably 80% or more, further preferably 90% or more, further preferably 95% or more, further preferably 99% or more, and particularly preferably 100%) from the time when the polymer solid content concentration is 10% by mass (preferably 8% by mass, more preferably 5% by mass, further preferably 3% by mass, and even more preferably the start of polymerization) to the time when the polymer solid content concentration is 15% by mass.

In the polymerization step, the pH of the aqueous medium is preferably 4.0 or more during 60% or more (preferably 70% or more, more preferably 80% or more, further preferably 90% or more, further preferably 95% or more, still further preferably 99% or more, and particularly preferably 100%) from the time when the polymer solid content concentration is 15% by mass to the time when the polymer solid content concentration is 18% by mass (preferably 20% by mass, and more preferably 25% by mass).

In the polymerization step, the pH of the aqueous medium is preferably 4.0 or more during a period from a time point when the polymer solid content concentration is 25 mass% (preferably 20 mass, more preferably 18 mass%, further preferably 15 mass%, further preferably 10 mass%, still further preferably 8 mass%, particularly preferably 5 mass%, further preferably 3 mass%, further preferably polymerization initiation) to 60% or more (preferably 70% or more, more preferably 80% or more, further preferably 90% or more, further preferably 95% or more, more preferably 99% or more, particularly preferably 100%) until a polymerization termination time.

The pH of the aqueous medium is preferably more than 4.0, more preferably 4.5 or more, further preferably 5.0 or more, further preferably 5.5 or more, particularly preferably 6.0 or more, particularly preferably 6.5 or more, more preferably 7.0 or more, further preferably 7.5 or more, and further preferably 8.0 or more in any case.

The polymerization step preferably includes a polymerization step of polymerizing a fluorine-containing monomer in an aqueous medium in the presence of a hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant containing a salt of the hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant and a polymerization initiator to obtain a fluorine-containing polymer. In other words, at least a part of the hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant in the polymerization step is in the form of a salt.

The present inventors have conducted intensive studies and as a result, have unexpectedly found that a fluoropolymer having a high molecular weight can be produced by including a salt of a hydrocarbon anionic surfactant in a hydrocarbon anionic surfactant, thereby improving the stability of polymerization.

The hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant can be confirmed to contain a salt of the hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant by measuring the electrical conductivity.

In the hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant, the concentration of the salt of the hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 60% by mass or more, further preferably 70% by mass or more, further preferably 80% by mass or more, particularly preferably 90% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 95% by mass or more, based on the total mass of the hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant.

The ratio of the above salts can be determined by the solution concentration and the conductivity.

In the polymerization step, the hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant is more preferably a carboxylic acid-type hydrocarbon-based surfactant.

In the salt of the hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant, the cation (excluding hydrogen atom) replacing the hydrogen atom of the acid is, for example, a metal atom, NR^y ₄(R^yEach of which may be the same or different, is H or an organic group), an imidazolium with or without a substituent, a pyridinium with or without a substituent, or a phosphonium with or without a substituent. R is as defined above^yPreferably H or an alkyl group, more preferably H or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and still more preferably H or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

As the cation in the salt of the hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant, a metal atom or NR is preferable^y ₄More preferably NR^y ₄Further, NH is preferable₄。

Since the conductivity greatly changes due to the influence of temperature, the sample liquid temperature was kept at 25 ℃ using a constant temperature bath, and the conductivity was measured similarly to the temperature of the cell of the pH meter.

The polymerization step is preferably carried out in the substantial absence of the above-mentioned hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant in the form of an organic acid. By carrying out the polymerization in the substantial absence of the above-mentioned hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant in the form of an organic acid, the stability of the polymerization is further improved, and a high-molecular-weight fluoropolymer can be obtained.

The condition that the above-mentioned hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant in the form of an organic acid is substantially absent means that the concentration of the organic acid is preferably 1.0% by mass or less, more preferably 0.5% by mass or less, further preferably 0.1% by mass or less, particularly preferably 0.05% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 0.01% by mass or less, relative to the mass of the aqueous dispersion obtained.

In the present specification, "organic acid" refers to an organic compound exhibiting acidity. Examples of the organic acid include a carboxylic acid having a-COOH group and a carboxylic acid having a-SO group₃The H-group sulfonic acid is preferably a carboxylic acid because it facilitates adjustment of the pH of an aqueous solution containing an organic acid.

The term "organic acid form" means an acidic group (for example, -COOH group, -SO) contained in an organic acid₃H group, etc.) in the form of the free H.

The polymerization step preferably includes an addition step of adding a composition containing a hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant after the start of polymerization. By the above addition step, the stability of polymerization is further improved, and PTFE having a higher molecular weight can be obtained.

The hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant may be in the form of a solid (for example, a powder of a hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant) or a liquid, for example.

The composition may be composed of only the hydrocarbon anionic surfactant, or may be a solution or dispersion of the hydrocarbon anionic surfactant containing the hydrocarbon anionic surfactant and a liquid medium. Therefore, the above-mentioned addition step may be referred to as a step of adding a single hydrocarbon surfactant or a composition containing a hydrocarbon anionic surfactant after the start of polymerization.

The hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant is not limited to one type, and may be a mixture of 2 or more types.

The liquid medium may be either an aqueous medium or an organic solvent, or a combination of an aqueous medium and an organic solvent may be used.

Specific examples of the composition include an aqueous solution in which a hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant is dissolved in an aqueous medium, and an aqueous dispersion in which a hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant is dispersed in an aqueous medium.

The hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant added in the addition step is preferably 0.0001 to 10% by mass based on the aqueous medium. The content is more preferably 0.001% by mass or more, still more preferably 0.01% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 0.05% by mass or more relative to the aqueous medium. Further, the content is more preferably 5% by mass or less, still more preferably 3% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 1% by mass or less with respect to the aqueous medium.

Since the stability of polymerization is improved and PTFE having a higher molecular weight can be obtained, the composition is preferably an aqueous solution containing a hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant and having a pH of 5.0 or more.

The pH of the aqueous solution is more preferably 6.0 or more, further preferably 6.5 or more, further preferably 7.0 or more, particularly preferably 7.5 or more, and particularly preferably 8.0 or more. The upper limit of the pH is not particularly limited, and may be 12.0 or less, or may be 11.0 or less.

The hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant in the addition step is more preferably a carboxylic acid-type hydrocarbon-based surfactant.

The hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant and the carboxylic acid-type hydrocarbon-based surfactant are not particularly limited, and, for example, the hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant and the carboxylic acid-type hydrocarbon-based surfactant exemplified in the above-mentioned hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant can be suitably used.

The method for producing PTFE of the present invention can be effectively carried out by using at least one of the above-mentioned hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactants. The PTFE of the present invention can be produced by using 2 or more kinds of the above-mentioned hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactants at the same time, and can be produced by using a surfactant other than the above-mentioned hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant at the same time as long as it is a volatile substance or a substance that may remain in a molded article or the like made of PTFE.

In the production method of the present invention, a compound having a surface-active ability other than the above-mentioned hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant and nonionic surfactant may be used. For example, a cationic surfactant, a nonionic silicone surfactant, or the like can be used.

Cationic hydrocarbon surfactants generally have a positively charged hydrophilic moiety such as an alkylated ammonium halide, e.g., an alkylated ammonium bromide, and a hydrophobic moiety such as a long chain fatty acid.

The hydrophilic portion of the nonionic silicone hydrocarbon surfactant may also comprise a combination of an ionic portion and a nonionic portion. Examples of such moieties include polyethers and polyols functionalized with ionic ends or randomly functionalized. Preferred in the practice of the present invention are silicones having a nonionic moiety, i.e., nonionic silicone surfactants.

In the production method of the present invention, in addition to the above-mentioned hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant and other compounds having surface-active ability to be used as desired, an additive for stabilizing each compound may be used. Examples of the additives include a buffer, a pH adjuster, a stabilizing aid, and a dispersion stabilizer.

The stabilizing aid is preferably paraffin, a fluorine-based oil, a fluorine-based solvent, silicone oil, or the like. The stabilizing aids may be used singly or in combination of 1 or more. As the stabilizing aid, paraffin wax is more preferable. The paraffin wax may be liquid, semisolid, or solid at room temperature, but is preferably a saturated hydrocarbon having 12 or more carbon atoms. The melting point of the paraffin wax is usually preferably 40 to 65 ℃ and more preferably 50 to 65 ℃.

The amount of the stabilizing aid used is preferably 0.1 to 12% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 8% by mass, based on the mass of the aqueous medium used. The stabilizing aid is preferably sufficiently hydrophobic to be completely separated from the aqueous PTFE emulsion after the polymerization of TFE, and not to be a contaminant component.

The polymerization in the above production method is carried out as follows: the aqueous medium, the nucleating agent, the hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant, the monomer and, if necessary, other additives are charged into a polymerization reactor, the contents of the reactor are stirred while the reactor is maintained at a predetermined polymerization temperature, and then a predetermined amount of a polymerization initiator is added to initiate a polymerization reaction, thereby allowing polymerization to proceed. After the polymerization reaction is started, a monomer, a polymerization initiator, a chain transfer agent, the surfactant, and the like may be added thereto according to the purpose. The hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant may be added after the polymerization reaction is started.

The polymerization initiator is not particularly limited as long as it can generate radicals in the above polymerization temperature range, and known oil-soluble and/or water-soluble polymerization initiators can be used. Further, the polymerization may be initiated in a redox form in combination with a reducing agent or the like. The concentration of the polymerization initiator is appropriately determined depending on the kind of the monomer, the molecular weight of the target PTFE, and the reaction rate.

The concentration of the polymerization initiator is appropriately determined depending on the kind of the monomer, the molecular weight of the target PTFE, and the reaction rate.

As the polymerization initiator, an oil-soluble radical polymerization initiator or a water-soluble radical polymerization initiator can be used.

The oil-soluble radical polymerization initiator may be a known oil-soluble peroxide, and examples thereof include the following peroxides as representative: dialkyl peroxycarbonates such as diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate and di-sec-butyl peroxydicarbonate; peroxyesters such as tert-butyl peroxyisobutyrate and tert-butyl peroxypivalate; dialkyl peroxides such as di-tert-butyl peroxide; and di (omega-hydro-dodecafluoroheptanoyl) peroxide, di (omega-hydro-tetradecafluoroheptanoyl) peroxide, di (omega-hydro-hexadecafluorononoyl) peroxide, di (perfluorobutanoyl) peroxide, di (perfluoropentanoyl) peroxide, di (perfluorohexanoyl) peroxide, di (perfluoroheptanoyl) peroxide, di (perfluorooctanoyl) peroxide, di (perfluorononanoyl) peroxide, di (omega-chloro-hexafluorobutanoyl) peroxide, di (omega-chloro-decafluorohexanoyl) peroxide, di (omega-chloro-tetradecafluorooctanoyl) peroxide, omega-hydro-dodecafluoroheptanoyl-omega-hydroxyhexadecafluorononoyl-peroxide, omega-chloro-hexafluorobutanoyl-omega-chloro-decafluorohexanoyl-peroxide, di (omega-chloro-tetradecafluorooctanoyl) peroxide, omega-hydro-dodecafluoroheptanoyl-omega-hydroxyhexadecafluorononyl-peroxide, omega-chloro-decafluorohexanoyl, Di [ perfluoro (or fluorochloro) acyl ] peroxides such as ω -hydroxydodecafluoroheptanoyl-perfluorobutanoyl-peroxide, di (dichloropentafluorobutanoyl) peroxide, di (trichlorooctafluorohexanoyl) peroxide, di (tetrachloroundecanooctanoyl) peroxide, di (pentachlorotridecanoyl) peroxide, and di (undecanoyl-triacontadoxodidodecanoyl) peroxide; and so on.

The water-soluble radical polymerization initiator may be a known water-soluble peroxide, and examples thereof include ammonium salts, potassium salts, sodium salts, t-butyl peroxymaleate, t-butyl hydroperoxide, and the like of persulfuric acid, perboric acid, perchloric acid, perphosphoric acid, percarbonic acid, and the like. The reducing agent may be a reducing agent such as sulfite or sulfite, and the amount of the reducing agent to be used may be 0.1 to 20 times that of the peroxide.

In the production method of the present invention, the polymerization initiator is preferably a redox initiator. By using a redox initiator, the molecular weight of the obtained PTFE can be increased.

In addition, when the polymerization is carried out at a low temperature of 30 ℃ or lower, etc., a redox initiator in which an oxidizing agent and a reducing agent are combined is preferably used as the polymerization initiator.

Examples of the oxidizing agent include persulfates such as ammonium persulfate and potassium persulfate; organic peroxides such as disuccinic acid peroxide and glutaric acid peroxide; permanganates such as permanganic acid, ammonium permanganate, alkali metal salts of permanganic acid (e.g., potassium permanganate), alkaline earth metal salts of permanganic acid, and the like; manganese (C) triacetate₆H₉MnO₆) (ii) a Cerium (IV) salts such as ammonium cerium nitrate and ammonium cerium sulfate; alkali metals of bromic acid, ammonium bromate, bromic acid Bromic acid or salts thereof such as salts and alkaline earth metal salts of bromic acid.

Examples of the reducing agent include dicarboxylic acids such as oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, and glutaric acid, and salts thereof; bromic acid or salts thereof; a diimine; and the like. As the dicarboxylic acid or a salt thereof, oxalic acid or a salt thereof is preferable. As the bromic acid or a salt thereof, potassium bromate is preferable.

In order to increase the decomposition rate of the initiator, it is also preferable to add a copper salt or an iron salt to the combination of the redox initiators. Copper salt may be copper (II) sulfate, and iron salt may be iron (II) sulfate.

The redox initiator is preferably permanganate or a salt thereof, persulfate, manganese triacetate, cerium (IV) salt, or bromic acid or a salt thereof as the oxidizing agent, or dicarboxylic acid or a salt thereof as the reducing agent, or diimine.

More preferably, the oxidizing agent is permanganic acid or a salt thereof, the persulfate, or bromic acid or a salt thereof, and the reducing agent is dicarboxylic acid or a salt thereof.

Examples of the redox initiator include potassium permanganate/oxalic acid, ammonium persulfate/bisulfite/iron (II) sulfate, ammonium persulfate/sulfite, ammonium persulfate/iron (II) sulfate, manganese triacetate/oxalic acid, cerium ammonium nitrate/oxalic acid, bromate/sulfite, bromate/bisulfite, and the like, with potassium permanganate/oxalic acid, and ammonium persulfate/sulfite/iron (II) sulfate being preferred.

In the case of using a redox initiator, either an oxidizing agent or a reducing agent may be charged into a polymerization vessel in advance, and then the other may be continuously or intermittently added to initiate polymerization. For example, in the case of using potassium permanganate/oxalic acid, it is preferable to charge oxalic acid to the polymerization vessel and continuously add potassium permanganate thereto.

Examples of the redox initiator include potassium permanganate/oxalic acid, potassium permanganate/ammonium oxalate, manganese triacetate/oxalic acid, manganese triacetate/ammonium oxalate, cerium ammonium nitrate/oxalic acid, cerium ammonium nitrate/ammonium oxalate, bromate, and the like, and potassium permanganate/oxalic acid or potassium permanganate/ammonium oxalate is preferable.

In the case of using a redox initiator, either an oxidizing agent or a reducing agent may be charged into a polymerization vessel in advance, and then the other may be continuously or intermittently added to initiate polymerization. For example, in the case of using potassium permanganate/oxalic acid, it is preferable to charge oxalic acid to the polymerization vessel and continuously add potassium permanganate thereto.

In the redox initiator of the present specification, the term "potassium permanganate/ammonium oxalate" refers to a combination of potassium permanganate and ammonium oxalate. The same applies to the other compounds.

As the redox initiator, an oxidizing agent or a reducing agent capable of adjusting the pH of the redox initiator aqueous solution to 4.0 or more is preferably used. The redox initiator aqueous solution refers to a 0.50 mass% aqueous solution of an oxidizing agent or a 0.50 mass% aqueous solution of a reducing agent.

That is, at least one of the 0.50 mass% aqueous solution of the oxidizing agent and the 0.50 mass% aqueous solution of the reducing agent may have a pH of 4.0 or more, and preferably both the 0.50 mass% aqueous solution of the oxidizing agent and the 0.50 mass% aqueous solution of the reducing agent have a pH of 4.0 or more.

The pH of the redox initiator aqueous solution (0.50 mass% aqueous solution of the oxidizing agent or 0.50 mass% aqueous solution of the reducing agent) is more preferably 5.0 or more, still more preferably 5.5 or more, and particularly preferably 6.0 or more, respectively.

The redox initiator is particularly preferably a combination of an oxidizing agent as a salt and a reducing agent as a salt.

For example, the oxidizing agent as the salt is more preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of a persulfate, a permanganate, a cerium (IV) salt, and a bromate, and is further preferably a permanganate, and is particularly preferably potassium permanganate.

The reducing agent as the salt is more preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of an oxalate, a malonate, a succinate, a glutarate and a bromate, and is further preferably an oxalate, and particularly preferably ammonium oxalate.

Specifically, the redox initiator is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of potassium permanganate/ammonium oxalate, potassium bromate/ammonium sulfite, manganese triacetate/ammonium oxalate, and cerium ammonium nitrate/ammonium oxalate, and preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of potassium permanganate/ammonium oxalate, potassium bromate/ammonium sulfite, and cerium ammonium nitrate/ammonium oxalate.

By using a redox initiator in the polymerization step, the SSG of the obtained PTFE can be reduced, and stretching can be performed.

Further, the number of particles of PTFE produced in the aqueous dispersion can be increased by using a redox initiator in the polymerization step. In addition, the yield of PTFE can be increased.

In the case of using a redox initiator, the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent may be added all at once in the initial stage of polymerization, the reducing agent may be added all at once and the oxidizing agent may be continuously added in the initial stage of polymerization, the oxidizing agent may be added all at once and the reducing agent may be continuously added in the initial stage of polymerization, or both the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent may be continuously added.

When a redox initiator is used as the polymerization initiator, the amount of the oxidizing agent added is preferably 5ppm to 10000ppm, more preferably 10ppm to 1000ppm, and the amount of the reducing agent added is preferably 5ppm to 10000ppm, more preferably 10ppm to 1000ppm, relative to the aqueous medium.

When a redox initiator is used in the polymerization step, the polymerization temperature is preferably 100 ℃ or lower, more preferably 95 ℃ or lower, and still more preferably 90 ℃ or lower. Further, it is preferably 10 ℃ or higher, more preferably 20 ℃ or higher, and still more preferably 30 ℃ or higher.

The amount of the polymerization initiator to be added is not particularly limited, and may be added at once, or sequentially, or continuously in the initial stage of polymerization in an amount (for example, several ppm with respect to the concentration of water) or more to such an extent that the polymerization rate does not significantly decrease. The upper limit is a range in which the heat of polymerization reaction can be removed from the apparatus surface and the reaction temperature can be increased, and the more preferable upper limit is a range in which the heat of polymerization reaction can be removed from the apparatus surface.

As the polymerization initiator, a radical polymerization initiator may be used. As the radical polymerization initiator, peroxides are preferable. Examples of the radical polymerization initiator include the above-mentioned oil-soluble radical polymerization initiator and water-soluble radical polymerization initiator, and the above-mentioned water-soluble radical polymerization initiator is preferable. The water-soluble radical polymerization initiator is more preferably a peroxide, and still more preferably a persulfate, an organic peroxide, or a mixture thereof. Examples of the persulfate include ammonium persulfate and potassium persulfate. Examples of the organic peroxide include disuccinic acid peroxide and dipentanedioic acid peroxide. More preferably ammonium persulfate and disuccinic acid peroxide. In the polymerization step, for example, ammonium persulfate is preferably added in an amount of 5ppm or more, more preferably 10ppm or more, further preferably 20ppm or more, further preferably 30ppm or more, particularly preferably 40ppm or more, particularly preferably 50ppm or more, particularly preferably 80ppm or more, and particularly preferably 100ppm or more, to the aqueous medium. In the polymerization step, a radical polymerization initiator may be continuously or intermittently added after the start of polymerization.

The aqueous medium is a reaction medium for carrying out the polymerization and is a liquid containing water. The aqueous medium is not particularly limited as long as it contains water, and may contain water and a non-fluorine-containing organic solvent such as an alcohol, an ether, or a ketone and/or a fluorine-containing organic solvent having a boiling point of 40 ℃ or lower.

The polymerization step is preferably carried out in the substantial absence of a fluorosurfactant to polymerize tetrafluoroethylene.

Although a fluorine-containing surfactant has been used in the polymerization of polytetrafluoroethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene can be obtained by the production method of the present invention without using a fluorine-containing surfactant.

In the present specification, "under the condition that the fluorosurfactant is substantially not present" means that the fluorosurfactant is 10ppm or less, preferably 1ppm or less, more preferably 100ppb or less, further preferably 10ppb or less, and further more preferably 1ppb or less with respect to the aqueous medium.

Examples of the fluorinated surfactant include anionic fluorinated surfactants.

The anionic fluorosurfactant may be a surfactant containing fluorine atoms, for example, in which the total carbon number of the portion excluding the anionic groups is 20 or less.

The above-mentioned fluorine-containing surfactant may be a surfactant containing fluorine, the molecular weight of the anionic moiety of which is 1000 or less, more preferably 800 or less, and still more preferably 600 or less.

The "anionic moiety" refers to a moiety of the above-mentioned fluorosurfactant other than cations. For example, F (CF) represented by the following formula (I)₂)_n1COOM is "F (CF)₂)_n1COO'.

The above-mentioned fluorosurfactant includes a fluorosurfactant having a LogPOW of 3.5 or less. The LogPOW is a partition coefficient between 1-octanol and water and is represented by LogP [ where P represents a ratio of a concentration of a fluorosurfactant in octanol/a concentration of the fluorosurfactant in water when a mixed solution of octanol/water (1: 1) containing the fluorosurfactant is phase-separated ].

The LogPOW is calculated as follows: in the column: TOSOH ODS-120T columnManufactured by tokyo corporation), eluent: acetonitrile/0.6 mass% HClO4 water 1/1 (vol/vol%), flow rate: 1.0 ml/min, sample size: 300. mu.L, column temperature: detection at 40 ℃ light: HPLC was performed under UV210nm conditions on standard substances (heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, and decanoic acid) having known octanol/water partition coefficients, calibration curves were prepared for each elution time and the known octanol/water partition coefficients, and the elution time of HPLC in the sample solution was calculated based on the calibration curves.

Specific examples of the above-mentioned fluorosurfactant include U.S. patent application publication No. 2007/0015864, U.S. patent application publication No. 2007/0015865, U.S. patent application publication No. 2007/0015866, U.S. patent application publication No. 2007/0276103, U.S. patent application publication No. 2007/0117914, U.S. patent application publication No. 2007/142541, U.S. patent application publication No. 2008/0015319, U.S. patent application publication No. 3250808, U.S. patent application publication No. 3271341, Japanese patent laid-open No. 2003-119204, International publication No. 2005/042593, International publication No. 2008/060461, International publication No. 2007/046377, International publication No. 2007/119526, International publication No. 2007/046482, International publication No. 2007/046345, And fluorosurfactants described in U.S. patent application publication No. 2014/0228531, international publication No. 2013/189824, and international publication No. 2013/189826.

Examples of the anionic fluorosurfactant include those represented by the following general formula (N)⁰)：

Xⁿ⁰-Rfⁿ⁰-Y⁰ (N⁰)

(in the formula, Xⁿ⁰H, Cl or F. Rfⁿ⁰The alkylene group may contain 1 or more ether bonds and may have 3 to 20 carbon atoms in a chain, branched or cyclic manner, wherein part or all of H is substituted by F, and part of H may be substituted by Cl. Y is ⁰Is an anionic group).

Y⁰The anionic group of (A) may be-COOM, -SO₂M or-SO₃M, may also be-COOM or-SO₃M。

M is H, a metal atom, NR^8y ₄Imidazolium with or without substituents, pyridinium with or without substituents or phosphonium with or without substituents, R^8yIs H or an organic group.

Examples of the metal atom include alkali metals (group 1), alkaline earth metals (group 2), and the like, and examples thereof include Na, K, and Li.

As R^8yThe organic group in (1) is preferably an alkyl group.

As R^8yMay be H or C_1-10May also be H or C_1-4May also be H or C_1-4Alkyl group of (1).

M may be H, a metal atom or NR^8y ₄It may be H, an alkali metal (group 1), an alkaline earth metal (group 2) or NR^8y ₄And may also be H, Na, K, Li or NH₄。

Rf aboveⁿ⁰In (b), 50% or more of H may be substituted by fluorine.

As the above general formula (N)⁰) Examples of the compound include:

the following general formula (N)¹)：

Xⁿ⁰-(CF₂)_m1-Y⁰ (N¹)

(in the formula, Xⁿ⁰H, Cl and F, m1 is an integer of 3-15, Y⁰Is a substance defined above); the following general formula (N)²)：

Rfⁿ¹-O-(CF(CF₃)CF₂O)_m2CFXⁿ¹-Y⁰ (N²)

(wherein Rfⁿ¹Is a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, m2 is an integer of 0 to 3, Xⁿ¹Is F or CF₃，Y⁰Is a substance defined above); the following general formula (N) ³)：

Rfⁿ²(CH₂)_m3-(Rfⁿ³)_q-Y⁰ (N³)

(wherein Rfⁿ²Is a partially or fully fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 13 carbon atoms and containing an ether bond, m3 is an integer of 1 to 3, and Rfⁿ³Is a linear or branched perfluoroalkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, q is 0 or 1, Y⁰Is a substance defined above); the following general formula (N)⁴)：

Rfⁿ⁴-O-(CYⁿ¹Yⁿ²)_pCF₂-Y⁰ (N⁴)

(wherein Rfⁿ⁴Is a linear or branched partially or fully fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and containing an ether bond, Yⁿ¹And Yⁿ²Same or different and is H or FP is 0 or 1, Y⁰Is a substance defined above); and the following general formula (N)⁵)：

[ solution 121]

(in the formula, Xⁿ²、Xⁿ³And Xⁿ⁴H, F or a linear or branched partially or fully fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and optionally containing an ether bond. Rfⁿ⁵Is a linear or branched partially or fully fluorinated alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and containing an ether bond, L is a linking group, Y is⁰Are defined above. Wherein, Xⁿ²、Xⁿ³、Xⁿ⁴And Rfⁿ⁵The total number of carbon atoms of (2) is 18 or less).

As the above general formula (N)⁰) More specifically, the compound(s) include a perfluorocarboxylic acid (I) represented by the following general formula (I), an ω -H perfluorocarboxylic acid (II) represented by the following general formula (II), a perfluoropolyether carboxylic acid (III) represented by the following general formula (III), a perfluoroalkylalkylalkylene carboxylic acid (IV) represented by the following general formula (IV), a perfluoroalkoxyfluorocarboxylic acid (V) represented by the following general formula (V), a perfluoroalkylsulfonic acid (VI) represented by the following general formula (VI), an ω -H perfluorosulfonic acid (VII) represented by the following general formula (VII), a perfluoroalkylalkylalkylene sulfonic acid (VIII) represented by the following general formula (VIII), an alkylalkylalkylene carboxylic acid (IX) represented by the following general formula (IX), a fluorocarboxylic acid (X) represented by the following general formula (X), an alkoxyfluorosulfonic acid (XI) represented by the following general formula (XI), a compound (XII) represented by the following general formula, A compound (XIII) represented by the following general formula (XIII), and the like.

The above-mentioned perfluorocarboxylic acid (I) is represented by the following general formula (I)

F(CF₂)_n1COOM (I)

(wherein n1 is an integer of 3 to 14, M is H, a metal atom, NR⁷ ₄Imidazolium with or without substituents, pyridinium with or without substituents or with or without substituentsPhosphonium of radicals R⁷Is H or an organic group).

The above-mentioned omega-H perfluorocarboxylic acid (II) is represented by the following general formula (II)

H(CF₂)_n2COOM (II)

(wherein n2 is an integer of 4 to 15, and M is as defined above).

The above perfluoropolyether carboxylic acid (III) is represented by the following general formula (III)

Rf¹-O-(CF(CF₃)CF₂O)_n3CF(CF₃)COOM(III)

(wherein Rf¹A perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, n3 is an integer of 0 to 3, and M is as defined above).

The above perfluoroalkyl alkylene carboxylic acid (IV) is represented by the following general formula (IV)

Rf²(CH₂)_n4Rf³COOM (IV)

(wherein Rf²Is a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, Rf³A linear or branched perfluoroalkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, n4 is an integer of 1 to 3, and M is as defined above).

The alkoxy fluorocarboxylic acid (V) is represented by the following general formula (V)

Rf⁴-O-CY¹Y²CF₂-COOM (V)

(wherein Rf⁴Is a linear or branched partially or fully fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and containing an ether bond, Y¹And Y²Identical or different, H or F, M being a substance as defined above).

The above perfluoroalkylsulfonic acid (VI) is represented by the following general formula (VI)

F(CF₂)_n5SO₃M (VI)

(wherein n5 is an integer of 3 to 14, and M is as defined above).

The omega-H perfluorosulfonic acid (VII) is represented by the following general formula (VII)

H(CF₂)_n6SO₃M (VII)

(wherein n6 is an integer of 4 to 14, and M is as defined above).

The above perfluoroalkyl alkylene sulfonic acid (VIII) is represented by the following general formula (VIII)

Rf⁵(CH₂)_n7SO₃M (VIII)

(wherein Rf⁵A perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 13 carbon atoms, n7 is an integer of 1 to 3, and M is defined as above).

The above-mentioned alkyl alkylene carboxylic acid (IX) is represented by the following general formula (IX)

Rf⁶(CH₂)_n8COOM (IX)

(wherein Rf⁶A linear or branched partially or fully fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 13 carbon atoms and containing an ether bond, n8 is an integer of 1 to 3, and M is defined as above).

The fluorocarboxylic acid (X) is represented by the following general formula (X)

Rf⁷-O-Rf⁸-O-CF₂-COOM (X)

(wherein Rf⁷Is a linear or branched partially or fully fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and containing an ether bond, and Rf⁸A linear or branched partially or fully fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, wherein M is as defined above).

The above alkoxy fluorosulfonic acid (XI) is represented by the following general formula (XI)

Rf⁹-O-CY¹Y²CF₂-SO₃M (XI)

(wherein Rf⁹Is a linear or branched C1-12 alkyl group which may contain an ether bond and may be partially or fully fluorinated and may contain chlorine, and Y is ¹And Y²Identical or different, H or F, M being a substance as defined above).

The above compound (XII) is represented by the following general formula (XII):

[ chemical formula 122]

In the formula, X¹、X²And X³H, F and a linear or branched partially or fully fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and containing an ether bond, and Rf¹⁰Is a C1-3 perfluoroalkylene group, L is a linking group, Y⁰Anionic group).

Y⁰Can be-COOM, -SO₂M or-SO₃M, may also be-SO₃M or COOM (wherein M is defined above).

Examples of L include a single bond, a partially or fully fluorinated alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and containing an ether bond.

The above compound (XIII) is represented by the following general formula (XIII):

Rf¹¹-O-(CF₂CF(CF₃)O)_n9(CF₂O)_n10CF₂COOM (XIII)

(wherein Rf¹¹A fluorinated alkyl group containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms and containing chlorine, n9 is an integer of 0 to 3, n10 is an integer of 0 to 3, and M is defined as above). As the compound (XIII), CF is mentioned₂ClO(CF₂CF(CF₃)O)_n9(CF₂O)_n10CF₂COONH₄(mixture of average molecular weights 750, where n9 and n10 are numbers as defined above).

As described above, examples of the anionic fluorosurfactant include a carboxylic acid surfactant and a sulfonic acid surfactant.

The production method of the present invention particularly preferably includes the steps of: the nucleating agent is at least one selected from the group consisting of fluoropolyethers, nonionic surfactants and chain transfer agents, the polymerization temperature is 10 to 150 ℃, and the nucleating agent is added to the aqueous medium before the start of the polymerization or at the same time as the start of the polymerization, with the concentration of polytetrafluoroethylene formed in the aqueous medium being 5.0% by mass or less, preferably 3.0% by mass or less, more preferably 1.0% by mass or less, still more preferably 0.5% by mass or less.

The PTFE aqueous dispersion can be obtained by the method for producing PTFE of the present invention. The solid content concentration of the PTFE aqueous dispersion is not limited, and may be, for example, 1.0 mass% to 70 mass%. The solid content concentration is preferably 8.0% by mass or more, more preferably 10.0% by mass or more, and is preferably 60.0% by mass or less, more preferably 50.0% by mass or less.

In the production method of the present invention, the amount of adhesion is preferably 3.0% by mass or less, preferably 2.0% by mass or less, preferably 1.0% by mass or less, preferably 0.8% by mass or less, preferably 0.7% by mass or less, preferably 0.6% by mass or less, relative to the finally obtained PTFE.

The use of the PTFE aqueous dispersion is not particularly limited, and examples of direct application in the form of an aqueous dispersion include: a coating layer formed by coating on a substrate, drying, and then baking as needed; impregnation by impregnating a porous support such as a nonwoven fabric or a resin molded article with the resin, drying the impregnated support, and then preferably firing the dried support; examples of the cast film formed by coating a substrate such as glass on the substrate, drying the substrate, immersing the substrate in water as needed, and peeling the substrate to obtain a thin film include an aqueous dispersion type paint, a tent film, a conveyor belt, a printed circuit board (CCL), an adhesive for an electrode, a water repellent for an electrode, and the like.

The aqueous PTFE dispersion can be used as a coating water-based paint by mixing a known compounding agent such as a pigment, a thickener, a dispersant, a defoaming agent, an antifreezing agent, and a film-forming aid, or further compounding with another polymer compound.

In addition, the additive can be used for adhesives, binders, anti-dripping agents and other compounds for inhibiting the fall-off of the active material of the electrode, dust-inhibiting treatment for preventing the flying of sand, dust and the like, and the like.

The PTFE aqueous dispersion is also preferably used as a dust-suppressing treatment agent. The dust-suppressing treatment agent can be used in the following method: a method of mixing the PTFE powder with a dusting material and subjecting the mixture to a compression-shearing action at a temperature of 20 to 200 ℃ to fibrillate the PTFE to suppress dust of the dusting material; for example, Japanese patent No. 2827152, Japanese patent No. 2538783 and the like.

The PTFE aqueous dispersion can be suitably used in, for example, a dust-suppressing treatment agent composition described in international publication No. 2007/004250, and can also be suitably used in a dust-suppressing treatment method described in international publication No. 2007/000812.

The dust-inhibiting agent is suitably used for dust-inhibiting treatment in the fields of building materials, soil stabilizers, solidification materials, fertilizers, incineration ash and hazardous substance leveling, explosion-proof, cosmetics, pet litter such as cat litter, and the like.

The method for producing PTFE of the present invention can be further suitably obtained by a production method comprising at least 1 of the following steps: a step of recovering the aqueous PTFE dispersion obtained by the above-mentioned method; a step of coagulating PTFE in the aqueous PTFE dispersion; a step of recovering the coagulated PTFE; and drying the recovered PTFE at 100 to 250 ℃. By including such a step, a PTFE powder can be obtained.

The powder can be produced by agglomerating PTFE contained in the aqueous dispersion. The aqueous dispersion of PTFE can be coagulated, washed, and dried to prepare a powder for various uses. When the aqueous dispersion of PTFE is coagulated, an aqueous dispersion obtained by polymerization such as a polymer emulsion is usually diluted with water to a polymer concentration of 10 to 20 mass%, and after adjusting the pH to neutral or alkaline, the aqueous dispersion is stirred in a vessel with a stirrer more vigorously than the stirring during the reaction. In the coagulation, a water-soluble organic compound such as methanol or acetone, an inorganic salt such as potassium nitrate or ammonium carbonate, an inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or nitric acid, or the like may be added as a precipitating agent and stirred simultaneously. The coagulation can also be continuously carried out using a line mixer or the like.

The average primary particle diameter of the PTFE fine particles in the aqueous PTFE dispersion obtained by the production method of the present invention is preferably 50nm to 340nm, more preferably 100nm to 340nm, still more preferably 130nm to 340nm, yet more preferably 180nm to 340nm, particularly preferably 190nm to 340nm, particularly preferably 200nm to 340nm, particularly preferably 210nm to 340nm, yet more preferably 220nm to 340nm, particularly preferably 220nm to 320nm, and particularly preferably 240nm to 320 nm.

When the average primary particle diameter of the PTFE fine particles is small, the stability of the PTFE aqueous dispersion is improved. However, if the stability is too high, it takes time and labor in concentrating the aqueous PTFE dispersion or in obtaining fine PTFE powder by aggregating PTFE fine particles by applying a stirring shear force to the aqueous PTFE dispersion, and therefore, the production efficiency is often impaired. Further, when the average primary particle diameter of the PTFE fine particles is large, the stability of the PTFE aqueous dispersion is lowered, the amount of the coagulated polymer increases in the polymerization of TFE, and there is a disadvantage in productivity; when the PTFE aqueous dispersion is concentrated after the polymerization of TFE, a large amount of aggregates are generated in the concentration tank; the sedimentation stability of the concentrated solution is impaired, and the storage stability is reduced; when PTFE fine powder is obtained by aggregating PTFE fine particles by applying stirring shear force to an aqueous PTFE dispersion, a large amount of aggregates are generated before reaching an aggregation vessel from a polymerization reactor to block a pipe; and a significant reduction in yield, etc., which causes many problems in manufacturing. When the average primary particle diameter of the PTFE fine particles is within the above range, the PTFE aqueous dispersion is excellent in stability to the extent that subsequent processability, moldability, and the like are not deteriorated, and a molded article excellent in heat resistance and the like can be easily obtained.

The precipitation completion time measured by the method described in the following examples of the PTFE aqueous dispersion obtained by the production method of the present invention is 20% or more higher than that of a PTFE aqueous emulsion obtained by polymerization under the same conditions except that no modified monomer is added, and is preferably within 900 seconds, more preferably within 800 seconds, and still more preferably within 700 seconds.

When the improvement of the settling time is less than 20%, the effect of stabilizing the aqueous PTFE dispersion is insufficient. Further, if the settling time exceeds 700 seconds, the settling time becomes too stable, and therefore, the coagulation and hydrophobization time until obtaining the PTFE fine powder becomes long, which is disadvantageous in terms of productivity.

The aqueous dispersion may be any of an aqueous dispersion obtained by the polymerization, a dispersion obtained by concentrating or performing dispersion stabilization treatment on the aqueous dispersion, and an aqueous dispersion obtained by dispersing a powder composed of polytetrafluoroethylene in an aqueous medium in the presence of the surfactant.

As a method for producing the aqueous dispersion, a purified aqueous dispersion may be produced by subjecting an aqueous dispersion obtained by the polymerization to the following steps: (I) a step (I) of contacting the resulting product with an anion exchange resin or a mixed bed comprising an anion exchange resin and a cation exchange resin in the presence of a nonionic surfactant; and/or (II) a step (II) of concentrating the aqueous dispersion so that the solid content concentration is 30 to 70 mass% with respect to 100 mass% of the aqueous dispersion.

The nonionic surfactant is not particularly limited, and those described later can be used. The anion exchange resin is not particularly limited, and a known one can be used. In addition, the above-mentioned method of contacting with the anion exchange resin may employ a known method.

As a method for producing the aqueous dispersion, a purified aqueous dispersion can be produced by subjecting the aqueous dispersion obtained by the polymerization to the step (I) and subjecting the aqueous dispersion obtained by the step (I) to the step (II). Alternatively, the purified aqueous dispersion may be produced by performing the step (II) without performing the step (I). The steps (I) and (II) may be repeated, or may be combined.

Examples of the anion exchange resin include resins having a functional group of-N⁺X^-(CH₃)₃Strongly basic anion exchange resin of group (X represents Cl or OH), having-N⁺X^-(CH₃)₃(C₂H₄OH) group (X is the same as above). Specifically, there are International publication Nos. 99/62858 and 03/020836, and national publicationsThe compounds described in International publication No. 2004/078836, International publication No. 2013/027850 and International publication No. 2014/084399.

The cation exchange resin is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include those having a functional group of-SO₃ ^-Strongly acidic cation exchange resin having-COO as a functional group^-Among them, a strongly acidic cation exchange resin is preferable, and H is more preferable from the viewpoint of removal efficiency⁺Strong acid cation exchange resins of the type.

The "mixed bed containing a cation exchange resin and an anion exchange resin" is not particularly limited, and includes a case where both are packed in the same column, a case where both are packed in different columns, a case where both are dispersed in an aqueous dispersion, and the like.

As the above concentration method, a known method is used. Specifically, there are methods described in International publication No. 2007/046482 and International publication No. 2014/084399. Examples thereof include phase separation, centrifugal sedimentation, cloud point concentration, electric concentration, electrophoresis, filtration treatment using ultrafiltration, filtration treatment using a reverse osmosis membrane (RO membrane), nanofiltration treatment, and the like. The concentration may be such that the concentration of polytetrafluoroethylene is 30 to 70% by mass depending on the application. The stability of the dispersion may be impaired by concentration, but in this case a dispersion stabilizer may be further added.

The dispersion stabilizer may be added with the nonionic surfactant or various other surfactants.

As the nonionic surfactant, the nonionic surfactant can be suitably used in the same manner as the nonionic surfactant exemplified as the nucleating agent. The nonionic surfactant preferably does not contain an aromatic moiety.

In addition, the cloud point of a nonionic surfactant is a measure of the solubility of the surfactant in water. The surfactant used in the aqueous dispersion of the present invention has a cloud point of from about 30 ℃ to about 90 ℃, preferably from about 35 ℃ to about 85 ℃.

The total amount of the dispersion stabilizer is 0.5 to 20 mass% with respect to the solid content of the dispersion. If less than 0.5 mass%, dispersion stability may be deteriorated; if the amount exceeds 20% by mass, the dispersion effect is not obtained in accordance with the amount of the polymer, and the method is not practical. A more preferable lower limit of the dispersion stabilizer is 2% by mass, and a more preferable upper limit is 12% by mass.

The surfactant can be removed by the above-mentioned concentration operation.

The aqueous dispersion obtained by the above polymerization may be subjected to dispersion stabilization treatment without concentration according to the use, and an aqueous dispersion having a long shelf life may be prepared. The dispersion stabilizer used may be the same as described above.

In order to adjust the viscosity of the aqueous dispersion or to improve the miscibility with a pigment, a filler, or the like, an anionic surfactant may be preferably contained. The anionic surfactant may be appropriately added within a range that causes no problem in terms of economy and environment.

Examples of the anionic surfactant include a non-fluorinated anionic surfactant and a fluorine-containing anionic surfactant, and a non-fluorinated anionic surfactant containing no fluorine, that is, a hydrocarbon-based anionic surfactant is preferable.

For the purpose of adjusting the viscosity, the type of the anionic surfactant is not particularly limited as long as it is known, and for example, the anionic surfactants described in international publication No. 2013/146950 and international publication No. 2013/146947 can be used. Examples thereof include anionic surfactants having a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic chain having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 8 to 20 carbon atoms, and more preferably 9 to 13 carbon atoms. The saturated or unsaturated aliphatic chain may be either a straight chain or a branched chain, or may have a cyclic structure. The hydrocarbon may be aromatic or may have an aromatic group. The hydrocarbon may have a hetero atom such as oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur.

Examples of the anionic surfactant include alkylsulfonates, alkylsulfates, alkylarylsulfates, and salts thereof; aliphatic (carboxylic) acids and salts thereof; alkyl phosphates, alkyl aryl phosphates, or salts thereof; and the like, among which alkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, aliphatic carboxylic acids or salts thereof are preferred.

The alkyl sulfate or a salt thereof is preferably ammonium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate or the like.

As the aliphatic carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, succinic acid, capric acid, undecanoic acid, undecylenic acid, lauric acid, hydrogenated dodecanoic acid, or a salt thereof is preferable.

The amount of the anionic surfactant to be added depends on the kind of the anionic surfactant or other compounding agent, and is preferably 10ppm to 5000ppm based on the solid content of polytetrafluoroethylene.

The lower limit of the amount of the anionic surfactant to be added is more preferably 50ppm or more, and still more preferably 100ppm or more. If the amount is too small, the viscosity-adjusting effect is poor.

The upper limit of the amount of the anionic surfactant to be added is more preferably 3000ppm or less, and still more preferably 2000ppm or less. If the amount is too large, the mechanical stability and storage stability of the aqueous dispersion may be impaired.

For the purpose of adjusting the viscosity of the aqueous dispersion, for example, methylcellulose, alumina sol, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxylated vinyl polymer, and the like may be blended in addition to the anionic surfactant.

For the purpose of adjusting the pH of the aqueous dispersion, a pH adjuster such as ammonia water may be added.

The aqueous dispersion may contain other water-soluble polymer compounds as necessary within a range not impairing the characteristics of the aqueous dispersion.

The other water-soluble polymer compound is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include polyethylene oxide (dispersion stabilizer), polyethylene glycol (dispersion stabilizer), polyvinylpyrrolidone (dispersion stabilizer), phenol resin, urea resin, epoxy resin, melamine resin, polyester resin, polyether resin, acrylic silicone resin, silicone polyester resin, and polyurethane resin. In addition, preservatives such as isothiazolone, azole, bronopol, chlorothalonil, methylsulfonyltetrachloropyridine, carbendazim, 2- [ (dichlorofluoromethyl) -thio ] -1H-isoindole-1, 3- (2H) -dione (Fluor Folpet), sodium diacetate, diiodomethyl-p-tolylsulfone and the like may be contained.

In the present invention, the PTFE aqueous dispersion used for the precipitation stirring (hereinafter referred to as a PTFE dispersion for precipitation) preferably has a PTFE solid content concentration of 10 mass% to 25 mass%. The solid content concentration of PTFE is preferably 10 to 22 mass%, more preferably 10 to 20 mass%. In order to increase the bulk density of the PTFE fine powder, the PTFE solid content in the aqueous dispersion of PTFE for precipitation is preferably high. When the PTFE solid content concentration in the PTFE aqueous dispersion for precipitation is high, the degree of association of the primary particles of PTFE increases, and the primary particles of PTFE densely associate and aggregate to form particles. When the PTFE solid content concentration of the PTFE aqueous dispersion for precipitation is less than 10 mass%, the agglomeration density of the primary particles of PTFE tends to be low, and it is difficult to obtain a PTFE fine powder having a high bulk density. On the other hand, if the PTFE solid content concentration in the PTFE aqueous dispersion for precipitation is too high, the unagglomerated PTFE increases, and the unagglomerated PTFE solid content concentration in the coagulation waste water increases. If the concentration of unagglomerated PTFE solid in the settling wastewater is high, the cost and labor for pipe clogging and wastewater treatment are required. In addition, the yield of the PTFE fine powder decreases. From the viewpoint of productivity of the PTFE fine powder, the concentration of unagglomerated PTFE solid in the precipitation effluent is preferably low, more preferably less than 0.4 mass%, even more preferably less than 0.3 mass%, and particularly preferably less than 0.2 mass%. If the PTFE solid content concentration of the PTFE aqueous dispersion for precipitation exceeds 25 mass%, it becomes difficult to make the unagglomerated PTFE solid content concentration of the precipitation drainage water less than 0.4 mass%. The PTFE solid content concentration in the aqueous PTFE dispersion obtained in step l is about 10 to 45 mass%, and therefore when the PTFE solid content concentration is high, a dilution solvent such as water is added to adjust the PTFE solid content concentration to 10 to 25 mass%. When the solid content of PTFE in the aqueous PTFE dispersion after polymerization is 10 to 25% by mass, the aqueous PTFE dispersion can be used as it is as an aqueous PTFE dispersion for precipitation.

Before or during the coagulation, a pigment for coloring or various fillers for improving mechanical properties are added to obtain a pigment-or filler-containing PTFE powder in which a pigment or a filler is uniformly mixed.

The wet powder obtained by coagulating the PTFE is usually dried by vacuum, high frequency, hot air, or other means while keeping the wet powder in a state in which it hardly flows, preferably in a state in which it is left standing. Friction between powders, particularly at high temperatures, often adversely affects PTFE in the fine powder form. This is because such particles composed of PTFE have a property that they simply fibrillate even when subjected to a small shear force, losing the state of the original stable particle structure. The drying may be carried out at a drying temperature of 10 to 300 ℃ and preferably 10 to 250 ℃ and preferably 100 to 300 ℃ and preferably 100 to 250 ℃.

The average particle diameter (average secondary particle diameter) of the PTFE powder is preferably 100 to 2000. mu.m. The lower limit of the average secondary particle size is more preferably 200 μm or more, and still more preferably 300 μm or more. The upper limit of the average secondary particle size is preferably 1000 μm or less, more preferably 800 μm or less, and particularly preferably 700 μm or less. The average particle diameter is a value measured according to JIS K6891.

The PTFE powder is preferably used for molding, and suitable applications include pipes for hydraulic systems and fuel systems of aircrafts, automobiles, and the like, and applications for flexible hoses and wire coating of reagents, vapors, and the like. In addition, the resin composition can be used as an adhesive for batteries and dust-proof purposes. Further, an elongated body may be produced from the PTFE powder.

The stretched body can be produced as follows: for example, the production method of the present invention, particularly the polymerization step described above, can be produced by polymerizing PTFE in an aqueous medium having a pH of 4.0 or more in the presence of a hydrocarbon surfactant and a polymerization initiator, paste-extruding and rolling the resulting PTFE, then subjecting the resulting PTFE to unfired or semi-fired stretching in at least 1 direction (preferably, roll stretching in the rolling direction, and then stretching in the width direction by a tenter). The stretching conditions are preferably a speed of 5% to 1000%/second and a stretching ratio of 500% or more. By stretching, PTFE is easily fibrillated to form a stretched body composed of nodules and fibers.

Specific applications are exemplified below.

Field of electrochemistry

Dielectric prepreg, EMI shielding material, heat transfer material, and the like. More specifically, a printed circuit board, an electromagnetic shielding material, an insulating heat transfer material, an insulating material, and the like.

Field of sealing materials

Gaskets, pump diaphragms, pump pipes, aircraft seals, and the like.

The field of air filtration

ULPA filters (for semiconductor manufacturing), HEPA filters (for hospital and semiconductor manufacturing), cylindrical cartridge filters (for industrial use), bag filters (for industrial use), heat-resistant bag filters (for exhaust gas treatment), heat-resistant pleated filters (for exhaust gas treatment), SINBRAN filters (for industrial use), catalytic filters (for exhaust gas treatment), filters with adsorbents (for HDD assembly), breather filters (for HDD assembly and the like), filters for vacuum cleaners (for vacuum cleaners), general-purpose multilayer felt materials, cartridge filters for GT (for GT compatible interchange), cooling filters (for electronic equipment housings), and the like.

Ventilation/internal pressure regulation field

A material for freeze drying such as a freeze drying container, a ventilation material for automobiles suitable for an electronic circuit or a lamp, a container suitable for container use such as a container cover, a protective ventilation use suitable for electronic equipment including a small terminal such as a tablet terminal or a mobile phone terminal, a medical ventilation use, and the like.

Field of liquid filtration

A semiconductor liquid filtration filter (for semiconductor production), a hydrophilic PTFE filter (for semiconductor production), a filter suitable for chemicals (for reagent treatment), a filter for a pure water production line (for pure water production), a backwashing type liquid filtration filter (for industrial wastewater treatment), and the like.

General field of consumable materials

Clothing, cable guide tubes (suitable for movable wires for motorcycles), clothing for motorcycles, cast pads (medical protectors), dust collector filters, horns (musical instruments), cables (signal cables for guitars, etc.), strings (for string instruments), etc.

Field of fiber

PTFE fibers (fibrous materials), sewing threads (fabrics), knitting threads (fabrics), ropes, and the like.

Medical field

In vivo implants (stretchings), artificial blood vessels, catheters, general surgery (tissue augmentation materials), head and neck articles (dura mater substitutes), oral health (tissue regeneration medicine), plastic surgery (taping), and the like.

Examples

The present invention will be described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples.

In the examples, the measurement of each physical property was performed by the following method.

(1) Standard Specific Gravity (SSG)

The measurement was carried out by the underwater substitution method according to ASTM D792 using a sample molded according to ASTM D4895-89.

(2) Thermal Instability Index (TII)

Measured according to ASTM D4895-89.

(3) Polymer solid content concentration

1g of the aqueous PTFE dispersion was dried in a forced air dryer at 150 ℃ for 60 minutes, and a value representing the ratio of the mass of the heating residue to the mass (1g) of the aqueous dispersion in percent was used.

(4) Average primary particle diameter

An aqueous PTFE dispersion having a solid content adjusted to about 1.0% by mass was prepared and measured at 25 ℃ and 70 times in a cumulative manner using ELSZ-1000S (available from Otsuka Denshi Co., Ltd.). Let the refractive index of the solvent (water) be 1.3328 and the viscosity of the solvent (water) be 0.8878mPa · s. The average primary particle size in table 1 is shown by the value measured by the method (4).

(4') average primary particle diameter

The aqueous PTFE dispersion was diluted with water to a solid content concentration of 0.15 mass%, and the transmittance of 550nm projection light per unit length of the resulting diluted emulsion and the number-based length-average primary particle diameter determined by measuring the alignment diameter from a transmission electron micrograph were measured to prepare a calibration curve. Using this calibration curve, the average primary particle size was determined from the measured transmittance of 550nm projected light for each sample.

(5) Aspect ratio

An aqueous dispersion of PTFE diluted to a solid content concentration of about 1 mass% was observed with a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and 400 or more particles extracted at random were subjected to image processing and determined from the average value of the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis.

(6) Number of PTFE particles

The number of PTFE particles was calculated from the polymer solid content concentration by preparing spherical particles having the average primary particle diameter measured by the method (4) above as the diameter and setting the specific gravity of the spherical particles to 2.28. The number of particles X of PTFE can be calculated by the following equation, assuming that the primary particle diameter is Anm and the polymer solid content concentration is B mass%.

X＝((B/100)/(1－B/100))/(4/3×3.14×((A/2)×10^-7)＾³×2.28)

(7) Extrusion pressure

To 100g of the powder obtained from the aqueous PTFE dispersion, 21.7g of a lubricant (trade name: Isopar H (registered trade name), manufactured by Exxon corporation) was added, and the mixture was mixed in a glass bottle at room temperature for 3 minutes. Next, the glass bottle was left at room temperature (25 ℃ C.) for at least 1 hour before extrusion to obtain a lubricating resin. Lubricating resin was passed through a hole (diameter 2.5mm, land length 11mm, lead-in angle 30 °) at room temperature at a rate of 100: a uniform bead (extrusion molded article) was obtained by paste extrusion at a reduction ratio of 1. The extrusion speed, i.e., the ram speed, was set to 20 inches/minute (51 cm/minute). The extrusion pressure is a value obtained as follows: the extrusion pressure was determined as the value obtained by measuring the load at which the extrusion load reached an equilibrium state in paste extrusion, and dividing the load by the cross-sectional area of the cylinder used for paste extrusion.

(8) Amount of adhesion

After the completion of the reaction, the obtained aqueous dispersion of PTFE was taken out from the inside of a SUS reactor having an internal volume of 6L and equipped with a stirrer, and then the wet PTFE aggregate adhered to the reactor and the stirring blade was taken out, paraffin was separated, and the remaining adhered aggregate was dried at 150 ℃ for 18 hours to measure the mass of the adhered and dried product. The obtained aqueous PTFE dispersion was precipitated, and the precipitate was dried to measure the mass of the dried precipitate powder. The ratio of the mass of the deposited dry matter to the deposited powder was calculated as the deposited amount (% by mass).

(9) Settling time

The obtained PTFE aqueous dispersion was used by welding 2 baffles having a thickness of 2.0mm, a width of 2.0cm and a length of 15cm to a cylindrical container having a material of SUS304 and an inner diameter of 17cm, which was raised 8.0cm from the bottom, symmetrically.

The solid content concentration of the aqueous PTFE dispersion was adjusted to 15%, and a total amount of 2700g was charged, and the temperature was adjusted to 25. + -. 1 ℃. Then, an anchor blade having a thickness of 2.0mm, an outer diameter of 9.0cm, an inner diameter of 5.0cm and a height of 5.0cm and attached to a shaft having an inner diameter of 8.0mm was set by raising the height of the anchor blade by 50mm from the bottom, 16g of 10% nitric acid was added thereto, stirring was immediately started at 500rpm, and the time (R) until the aqueous PTFE dispersion was broken to produce hydrophobized PTFE was measured as the settling completion time. The settling time is a boundary between a settling region in which the stirring torque is sharply reduced and a settling region in which the stirring torque is stable, and is a time when a torque 5% higher than the stable stirring torque at the time of settling is exhibited.

Fig. 1 is a view schematically showing a change with time in stirring torque of an aqueous PTFE dispersion before and after settling. The precipitation completion time is a time shown by R in fig. 1.

Synthesis example 1

10-undecen-1-ol (16g), 1, 4-benzoquinone (10.2g), DMF (160mL), water (16mL) and PdCl ₂(0.34g) the mixture was heated and stirred at 90 ℃ for 12 hours.

After that, the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by liquid separation and column chromatography to give 11-hydroxyundecan-2-one (15.4 g).

The spectral data of the 11-hydroxyundecan-2-one obtained are shown below.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm：1.29-1.49(m,14H)、2.08(s,3H)、2.45(J＝7.6,t,2H)、3.51(J＝6.5,t,2H)

A mixture of 11-hydroxyundecan-2-one (13g), sulfur trioxide triethylamine complex (13.9g), and tetrahydrofuran (140mL) was stirred at 50 ℃ for 12 hours. To the reaction solution was added dropwise a solution of sodium methoxide (3.8g) in methanol (12 mL).

The precipitated solid was filtered under reduced pressure and washed with ethyl acetate to give sodium 10-oxoundecylsulfate (15.5g) (hereinafter referred to as surfactant A). The spectral data of the resulting sodium 10-oxoundecyl sulfate are shown below.

¹H-NMR(CDCl₃)δppm：1.08(J＝6.8,m,10H)、1.32(m,2H)、1.45(m,2H)、1.98(s,3H)、2.33(J＝7.6,t,2H)、3.83(J＝6.5,t,2H)

Synthesis example 2

A glass reactor having an internal volume of 1L and equipped with a stirrer was charged with 588.6g of deionized water and 70.0g of surfactant A, the reactor was sealed, and the inside of the system was replaced with nitrogen gas to remove oxygen. The reactor was warmed to 90 ℃ and pressurized to 0.4MPa with nitrogen. 41.4g of Ammonium Persulfate (APS) was charged and stirred for 3 hours. Stopping stirring, removing pressure until the reactor reaches atmospheric pressure, and cooling to obtain surfactant aqueous solution B.

Example 1

3600g of deionized and deaerated water, 180g of paraffin wax and 0.540g of a surfactant A were charged into a SUS reactor having an internal volume of 6L and equipped with a stirrer, the reactor was sealed, and the system was purged with nitrogen gas to remove oxygen. Further, the inside of the system was replaced with TFE, and TFE was charged into the reactor at 2.70MPa with the pressure in the reactor set to 0.1MPa and the temperature in the reactor increased to 90 ℃. 0.36mg of a polyethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol-polyethylene glycol block copolymer (average molecular weight 1670) was charged into the reactor, and 0.031g of Ammonium Persulfate (APS) and 1.488g of disuccinic acid peroxide (DSP) were simultaneously charged as a polymerization initiator. TFE was fed so that the reaction pressure was fixed at 2.70 MPa. The surfactant aqueous solution B was continuously started to be fed simultaneously with the start of feeding TFE. When 940g of TFE was charged, the stirring was stopped, and the pressure was released until the reactor reached atmospheric pressure. 103g of an aqueous surfactant solution B was charged until the reaction was terminated. The contents were taken out of the reactor, cooled, and paraffin was separated to obtain an aqueous PTFE dispersion.

The solid content concentration of the obtained PTFE aqueous dispersion was 20.7 mass%, and the average primary particle diameter was 260 nm. The average primary particle diameter measured by the method (4') is the same value as that measured by the method (4). The average primary particle size in table 1 shows the value measured by the method (4).

The obtained PTFE aqueous dispersion was diluted with deionized water to a solid content concentration of 10 mass%, and was coagulated under high-speed stirring. The solidified wet powder was dried at 150 ℃ for 18 hours. The obtained PTFE powder was measured for various physical properties. The results are shown in tables 1 and 2.

[ Table 1]

[ Table 2]

Description of the symbols

1. 2: curve representing the change of torque with time

A: pre-settling zone

B: middle zone of settling

C: post-settling zone

P: branch point

P1: peak of viscosity

P2: starting point of hydrophobization

R: settling time