阅读说明：本技术 一种防治对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂有抗药性的烟草甲的方法 (Method for preventing and controlling tobacco beetles with resistance to pyrethroid insecticides ) 是由 程新胜 孙倩 于 2021-02-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种防治对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂有抗药性的烟草甲的方法,是以烟碱类似物类杀虫剂替代拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂,用于防治对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂有抗药性的烟草甲,取得了显著成效。此外,密闭空间内气溶胶喷雾的施药方式,不论是对飞行中的烟草甲还是爬行的烟草甲或烟草甲幼虫同时具有击倒和触杀作用,可以有效降低食品业与烟草业生产车间及仓库内烟草甲种群密度。(The invention discloses a method for preventing and controlling pyrethroid insecticide-resistant tobacco beetles, which replaces pyrethroid insecticides with nicotine analogue insecticides and is used for preventing and controlling pyrethroid insecticide-resistant tobacco beetles, thereby achieving remarkable effect. In addition, the aerosol spray in the closed space has the functions of knocking down and killing tobacco beetles or crawling tobacco beetle or tobacco beetle larvae simultaneously, so that the population density of the tobacco beetles in production workshops and warehouses in the food industry and the tobacco industry can be effectively reduced.)

1. A method of controlling a tobacco beetle resistant to pyrethroid insecticides, characterized by:

the pesticide of the pyrethroid is replaced by the pesticide of the nicotine analogue.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein:

the nicotine analogue pesticide is imidacloprid.

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

step 1: diluting a nicotine analogue pesticide to obtain a pesticide application agent, and adding the obtained pesticide application agent into an automatic atomizer;

step 2: in the evening, an automatic atomizer is used for spraying aerosol of the nicotine analogue pesticide in the closed space, the space is kept closed for 10-12h, and then the window is opened for ventilation and sanitary operation is carried out.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein:

in step 1, the dilution ratio is 1: 20 to 1:100, volume ratio.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein:

in step 2, during drug delivery, the automatic atomizer generates aerosol spray with the size of 50 +/-10 microns, and the spray dose is 1L/3000m³-10L/3000m³。

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of prevention and control of drug-resistant pests, and particularly relates to a method for preventing and controlling a tobacco beetle with drug resistance to a pyrethroid insecticide.

Background

The Lasioderma serricorn (Fabricius) genus of Coleoptera (Coleoptera) family of Tolypocladidae (Anobiidae) is an insect that attacks stored goods (cloths, books, furniture, cereals, coffee, tobacco, etc.). The insect pest is the most destructive insect pest in the tobacco leaf storage and cigarette manufacturing process as a world omnivorous insect pest. Besides the weight loss of tobacco leaves caused by the feeding of the tobacco beetle larvae in the tobacco leaf processing and storing processes, if the tobacco beetles enter the final cigarette product, the quality of the cigarette product and the trust degree of the cigarette brand are influenced, and huge economic loss is caused.

As with pest control in other food processing plants and storage facilities, tobacco armour control in cigarette processing plants has long relied primarily on sanitation, including rapid removal of waste material, removal of cut tobacco infested with tobacco armour. However, in the cigarette production process, the tobacco nail is not completely prevented and controlled only by cleaning, and the space aerosol spray of the insecticide is also an important auxiliary means for preventing and controlling the tobacco nail, and has the following advantages: low cost, short treatment time and good compatibility with other prevention and control means (such as cleanness and sanitation).

The control of storage pests by pesticide aerosol spray is a mature technology, and the control of tobacco beetles in tobacco leaf warehouses by DDVP pesticide aerosol is the first in the 50 s of the 20 th century. Researches show that the DDVP aerosol can effectively prevent and control pests such as tobacco beetle, heteropolybuthyly gristle, darkbrown bark beetle, red brown rice beetle, pink moth and the like in laboratories and field tests. However, DDVP has been stopped at present due to the development of resistance by pests and its high toxicity to mammals and the environment. The use of the whole carbamate pesticide and the organic phosphate pesticide is also limited due to the factors of high toxicity, poor smell and the like. Thus, aerosol spray insecticides for the control of tobacco beetles in food and cigarette production areas have been primarily pyrethroids and insect growth regulators for some time.

The pyrethroid pesticide has the characteristics of low environmental persistence, low toxicity to non-target organisms, no biological accumulation and the like, is a broad-spectrum insect neurotoxin, and has an obvious effect of killing tobacco beetles. The medicament has a single action target spot, and is easy to generate drug resistance to pests, and because the medicament is applied in tobacco processing plants in China for more than 10 years, the tobacco beetles have drug resistance to the medicament, and the medicament has no effect on preventing and treating the tobacco beetles in production workshops of some cigarette factories, a new prevention and treatment method is urgently needed to be found.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention addresses the problems of the prior art described above and provides a method for controlling pyrethroid resistant tobacco beetles. The invention uses the nicotine analogue insecticide to replace the pyrethroid insecticide, is used for preventing and controlling the tobacco beetles with drug resistance to the pyrethroid insecticide, and achieves remarkable effect. In addition, the aerosol spray in the closed space has the functions of knocking down and killing tobacco beetles or crawling tobacco beetle or tobacco beetle larvae in flight, so that the population density of the tobacco beetles in a warehouse can be effectively reduced.

The invention relates to a method for preventing and controlling a tobacco beetle with drug resistance to pyrethroid insecticides, which replaces pyrethroid insecticides with nicotine analogue insecticides.

The nicotine analogue pesticide is preferably imidacloprid.

Imidacloprid is commonly used to control piercing-sucking pests such as aphids, mosquitoes, etc. The invention creatively uses imidacloprid for preventing and controlling the storage pests and obtains remarkable effect. In addition, the aerosol spray in the closed space has the functions of knocking down and killing tobacco beetles or crawling tobacco beetle or tobacco beetle larvae in flight, so that the population density of the tobacco beetles in a warehouse can be effectively reduced.

In food or cigarette processing factories, due to factors such as safety, health and the like, the types of chemical insecticides which can be really used are very limited, when the tobacco beetles generate drug resistance to the pyrethroid insecticides, the use of the organophosphate insecticides and carbamate insecticides is limited due to factors such as toxicity or bad smell, and imidacloprid aerosol spray is used as a substitute insecticide to perform space spray treatment to prevent and control the tobacco beetles, the main target of the method is the tobacco beetle adults, the diffusion and breeding of the tobacco beetles are greatly reduced through the control of the tobacco beetles, and the population density of the tobacco beetles in food production workshops and warehouses is reduced. Because the aerosol can move horizontally, the aerosol can be deposited under a machine foot stool to kill part of other insect-shaped tobacco beetles.

The method for preventing and controlling the tobacco beetles with the drug resistance to the pyrethroid insecticides comprises the following steps:

step 1: diluting a nicotine analogue pesticide to obtain a pesticide application agent, and adding the obtained pesticide application agent into an automatic atomizer;

step 2: in the evening (at 17-18 pm, the tobacco nail prefers to fly in the evening or at night with dark light, and the space spraying effect is more remarkable at the moment), an automatic atomizer is used for spraying the aerosol spray of the nicotine analogue pesticide in the closed space, the space is kept closed for 10-12h, and then the window is opened for ventilation and sanitary operation is carried out. In the evening, the tobacco nail is active, so the medicine is applied in the evening.

In step 1, the dilution ratio is 1: 20 to 1:100, volume ratio.

In step 2, during drug delivery, the automatic atomizer generates aerosol spray with the size of 50 +/-10 microns, and the spray dose is 1L/3000m³-10L/3000m³。

And 3, opening a window to ventilate 2 hours after the spraying operation is finished, but removing dead insects on the ground in the morning of 2 days, and keeping a processing area clean.

The invention provides a method for solving the problem that a cigarette processing factory treats the pyrethroid insecticide resistance of tobacco A, and has important significance for treating the insecticide resistance of pests on the operation site of a food processing enterprise.

Imidacloprid is used as the first nicotine analog insecticide put into commercial use and has the characteristics of broad spectrum, high efficiency, low toxicity, low residue, difficult generation of resistance of pests, safety to people, livestock and plants and the like. Is generally used for preventing and controlling piercing and sucking pests on field crops, such as aphids, mosquitoes and the like. The invention creatively uses imidacloprid in cigarette production and processing areas, uses the electric atomizer to carry out space aerosol spraying treatment to prevent and control storage pests, and obtains remarkable effect. In addition, the aerosol spray in the closed space has the functions of knocking down and killing tobacco beetles or crawling tobacco beetle or tobacco beetle larvae simultaneously, so that the population density of the tobacco beetles in various restrictive spaces (processing workshops and warehouses) can be effectively reduced.

Detailed Description

Example 1: bioassay of nicotiana beetle adults with lambda-cyhalothrin aerosol spray under laboratory conditions

Tobacco shell cultured in laboratory (without pesticide treatment for years) is used as high-efficiency cyfluthrin sensitive strain (LSs), and tobacco shell collected from processing machinery of tobacco processing workshop of certain cigarette factory is LS_HThe strain (high-efficiency cyfluthrin is used for preventing and controlling pests for years).

Distilled water is used as a solvent to prepare the high-efficiency bifenthrin into medicaments with final test concentrations of 156.25g/L, 83.64g/L, 57.11g/L, 41.82g/L, 19.04g/L, 13.94g/L, 6.35g/L, 3.17g/L, 0.63g/L, 0.13g/L and 0.03 g/L.

20 adult tobacco beetles were fed from the mouth to the bottom of the spray tower and 1ml of the test agent was sprayed into the spray tower chamber using an ultra-low capacity spray gun (for generating an aerosol spray) and the mouth of the spray tower was immediately capped with a glass cap (not sealed). Dead insects were counted after 2 and 24 hours in the dark. Three replicates of each concentration tested.

The results show that: (1) tobacco nail population (LS) of certain cigarette factory_HStrain) has developed resistance to the drug and a higher level of resistance after years of exposure to lambda-cyhalothrin. LS compared to the sensitive lines LSs_HRR of the line₅₀The value is 14.69 RR at the maximum₉₀A maximum value of 23.78, LS_HHigh-level drug resistance is generated to the beta-cyfluthrin, and aerosol spraying of pyrethroid medicaments such as the beta-cyfluthrin is difficult to effectively control the tobacco beetle population in the factory.

TABLE 1 Effect of lambda-cyhalothrin aerosol spray on different lines of Nicotiana tabacum adults under laboratory conditions

LC₅₀: concentration required to kill half of the tobacco beetles; LC (liquid Crystal)₉₀: required concentration to kill 90% tobacco beetles; FL: a confidence limit; RR₅₀Resistance ratio (LS)_HNicotiana tabacum LC of strain₅₀Tobacco nail LC of/LSs strain₅₀；RR₉₀Resistance ratio (LS)_HNicotiana tabacum LC of strain₉₀Tobacco nail LC of/LSs strain₉₀(ii) a SE, standard error; df, degree of freedom.

Example 2: bioassay of adult tobacco beetles by imidacloprid aerosol spraying under laboratory conditions

A laboratory-cultured tobacco beetle (which has not been treated with pesticide for many years) is used as imidacloprid sensitive strain (LSs), and the tobacco beetle collected from processing machinery in a tobacco processing workshop of a certain cigarette factory is LS_HThe strain (high-efficiency cyfluthrin is used for preventing and controlling pests for years).

The imidacloprid is prepared into medicament with final test concentration of 1750mg/L, 350mg/L, 35mg/L, 3.5mg/L, 0.35mg/L and 0.035mg/L by using distilled water as a solvent. 20 adult tobacco beetles were fed from the mouth to the bottom of the spray tower and 1ml of the test agent was sprayed into the spray tower chamber using an ultra-low capacity spray gun (for generating an aerosol spray) and the mouth of the spray tower was immediately capped with a glass cap (not sealed). Dead insects were counted after 2 and 24 hours in the dark. Three replicates of each concentration tested.

The results show that: imidacloprid 2hLC of tobacco shell population and laboratory culture population of certain cigarette factory₅₀Are respectively 0.20/(g/L) and 0.16/(g/L), 24h LC₅₀0.03(g/L) and 0.03(g/L), respectively, both lines were sensitive to imidacloprid and were not different. As a result of appendix 1, imidacloprid aerosol spray can be used to control pyrethroid-resistant tobacco beetles.

TABLE 2 toxic Effect of Imidacloprid aerosol spray on adult tobacco beetles under laboratory conditions

LC₅₀: concentration required to kill half of the tobacco beetles; LC (liquid Crystal)₉₀: required concentration to kill 90% tobacco beetles; FL: a confidence limit; RR₅₀Resistance ratio (LS)_HNicotiana tabacum LC of strain₅₀Tobacco nail of the/LSs lineLC₅₀；RR₉₀Resistance ratio (LS)_HNicotiana tabacum LC of strain₉₀Tobacco nail LC of/LSs strain₉₀(ii) a SE, standard error; df, degree of freedom.

Example 3: on-site test of control effect of efficient cyfluthrin and imidacloprid aerosol space spray on adult tobacco beetles

The test is carried out in five production workshops of a cigarette production area of a certain cigarette factory from 25 months 4 to 7 months 8 to 2019 in 2019, wherein the five production workshops are respectively a tobacco shred manufacturing workshop, a tobacco shred storage workshop, a tobacco shred mixing workshop, a cigarette wrapping workshop and a residual cigarette processing workshop (the five workshops jointly form the cigarette production area of the cigarette factory). Pheromone traps monitored the number of trapped tobacco beetles in each plant, and counted once per week. In 4 other experimental workshops except the residual tobacco processing workshop, the temperature and the humidity are kept constant, the temperature is 26 +/-2 ℃, and the relative humidity is 60 +/-5%.

The silk-making workshop building area is 1600 square meters (20 meters multiplied by 80 meters), the height is 10 meters, the volume is 16000 cubic meters, 9 traps are arranged totally, eight traps are evenly arranged on two surfaces of a wall with the length of 80 meters and are 1.5 meters away from the ground, and one trap is arranged on a middle upright post of the workshop and is 5 meters away from the ground. The silk storage workshop has a building area of 600 square meters (20 meters multiplied by 30 meters), a height of 5 meters and a volume of 3000 cubic meters, 3 traps are placed in the silk storage workshop and are uniformly arranged on three walls where non-entrances are located, and the distance between the traps and the ground is 1.5 meters. The mixed silk workshop has a building area of 600 square meters (20 meters multiplied by 30 meters), a height of 5 meters and a volume of 3000 cubic meters, 3 traps are placed in the mixed silk workshop, and the traps are uniformly arranged on three walls where the non-entrance is located and are 1.5 meters away from the ground. The residual smoke treatment workshop has a building area of 200 square meters (10 meters multiplied by 20 meters), a height of 5 meters and a volume of 1000 cubic meters, and a trap is placed at the position of a middle upright post and is 1.5 meters away from the ground. The building area of the rolling workshop is 1200 square meters (20 meters multiplied by 60 meters), the height is 5 meters, the volume is 6000 square meters, and 6 traps are uniformly arranged on the two sides of a wall with the length of 60 meters and 1.5 meters away from the ground.

No. 17 in No. 5 month in 2019, an electric atomizer is used in five test workshops for spacial high-efficiency cyfluthrin aerosol spraying, and the pesticide application dose is 10L/3000m³(24L of water added with 1L of high-efficiency bifenthrin commercial insecticide(12.5%, SC) is configured to administer drug solutions above conventional dilution concentrations). The observation count time was from 25 days in 2019 at 4 months to 19 days in 2019 at 6 months, once a week.

At 17 o' clock in 19 th 6 th month in 2019, the electric atomizer is used in five test workshops for spacial imidacloprid aerosol spraying, and the pesticide application dose is 10L/3000m³(0.5L of commercial imidacloprid insecticide (100g/L, SC) was added to 49.5L of water to prepare a drug solution for administration). The observation count time was from 13 days 6/2019 to 7 days 8/2019, and was counted once a week.

And (3) a result statistical method comprises the following steps: decrease rate of tobacco number A monitored in the test (n week)

The field test results show that: (1) the concentration of the lambda-cyhalothrin aerosol spray agent used in the field test is about twice that recommended, but the control effect is not good. After the high-efficiency bifenthrin aerosol is used for spraying, the decrease rate of the number of the tobacco shells monitored in each week in the whole cigarette production area is maintained between-109.0% and 9.0%, and the average decrease rate is-29%. (2) The space aerosol spray of the imidacloprid can effectively reduce the mouth density of the tobacco beetles in the space of the cigarette factory, and the effect is obvious. After imidacloprid aerosol spraying is used, the decrease rate of the quantity of the tobacco A monitored in each week in the whole cigarette production area is maintained at 81.29-97.84%, the average decrease rate is 89.93%, and the maximum decrease rate can reach 97.84%. (3) Imidacloprid can be used as a substitute medicament for preventing and treating pyrethroid-resistant tobacco beetles.

TABLE 3 percentage reduction in total number of tobacco beetles monitored weekly in cigarette production area after two applications (five workshop totality)