阅读说明：本技术 一种应用于环保降尘的露天石灰石开采方法 (Open-air limestone mining method applied to environmental protection and dust reduction ) 是由 罗应铎 喻卓凡 陈曦 罗思维 焦思洋 罗杨珺 罗斯特 罗凌利 于 2020-12-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种应用于环保降尘的露天石灰石开采方法,涉及矿山开采技术领域。包括以下步骤：S1、穿孔作业,采用湿式作业法,增设高压喷水装置,凿岩时通过钻杆中心注入高压水,使炮孔内的粉尘润湿,变成泥浆,然后被钻杆中心吹入的高压气流吹出。该应用于环保降尘的露天石灰石开采方法,采用BSD泡沫抑尘系统,可简化除尘管理工作,只要将水、压气输送至各产尘点,即可容易地实现整个除尘系统由一个中心控制室进行控制,抑尘技术无需清灰,避免了二次污染,从而改善了除尘管理人员的工作条件,抑尘系统占据空间很少,可节省厂房内有效空间,降低基建投资,大幅度降低除尘运营成本。(The invention discloses an open-air limestone mining method applied to environmental protection and dust fall, and relates to the technical field of mining. The method comprises the following steps: and S1, performing perforating operation, namely adding a high-pressure water spraying device by adopting a wet operation method, and injecting high-pressure water through the center of the drill rod during rock drilling to wet dust in the blast hole to form slurry, and blowing the slurry by high-pressure airflow blown in from the center of the drill rod. The open-air limestone mining method applied to environment-friendly dust fall adopts the BSD foam dust suppression system, can simplify dust removal management work, can easily realize that the whole dust removal system is controlled by a central control room as long as water and compressed air are conveyed to each dust production point, and dust suppression technology does not need to remove ash, thereby avoiding secondary pollution, improving the working condition of dust removal management personnel, reducing the occupied space of the dust suppression system, saving the effective space in a plant, reducing capital investment and greatly reducing the dust removal operation cost.)

1. The open-air limestone mining method applied to environmental protection and dust reduction is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

s1, performing perforation operation, namely, adopting a wet operation method, additionally arranging a high-pressure water spraying device, and injecting high-pressure water through the center of a drill rod during rock drilling to wet dust in blast holes to form slurry, and then blowing the slurry out by high-pressure airflow blown in by the center of the drill rod;

s2, blasting operation, namely, a water seal blasthole method is adopted, namely, a low-dust blasting technology for dust fall treatment by utilizing water mist generated by water bag explosion is used, high temperature and high pressure generated by water bag explosion when water explosive explosion is used for enabling water part to be vaporized and then to be cooled, a large amount of fog particles which are condensed into very fine fog particles are collided and contacted with smoke dust and dust generated by blasting again, and the dust particles are captured by fog droplets or are lubricated and condensed to be settled;

s3, excavating, wherein water is sprayed for dust reduction, water or chemical additive solution is sprayed to the pile blasting of the working face before excavating, and water is sprayed during excavating;

s4, carrying out loading and transporting operation, namely sprinkling water on the strip mine transported by the automobile by using a sprinkling device or a sprinkling truck provided with a water gun, suppressing dust by using a sprinkling train in the strip mine transported by the railway, adopting a fixed spray pipe for continuous sprinkling when excavating soft ore rocks, and taking sprinkling water by the sprinkling train or the sprinkling truck as a supplementary measure;

s5, crushing, namely arranging a spray dust-settling device at each material port of the crusher for wet operation, and adding a chemical wetting agent to keep a certain moisture content on the surface of the material;

s6, screening, namely, combining foam dust suppression and dry fog dust suppression into a whole by adopting a BSD foam dust suppression system, suppressing the diffusion of dust at the source of dust generation, keeping the dust in a stage of not floating and diffusing into the air all the time, and directly treating the dust on site;

s7, carrying out belt transportation, sealing and spraying dust suppression by adopting transfer points, sealing the head and the tail of each transfer point by 2-6m, uniformly arranging spray nozzles in the cover, and atomizing water into fog drops by using high-pressure gas through the spray nozzles to condense and collide with the fog drops to capture the raised dust in the air in the cover;

and S8, storing the finished product in a bin, adopting a cloth bag for dust removal maintenance, arranging the cloth bag at the top of various powder material storage bins, and collecting fine dry dust.

2. The method for mining open-pit limestone with environmental protection and dust reduction functions as claimed in claim 1, wherein 0.1-0.005% of wetting agent is added into water to reduce the surface tension of water and increase the wetting ability in S1.

3. The method for mining open-air limestone with environmental protection and dust reduction functions as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S2, high-precision micro-difference hole-by-hole initiation is carried out by non-electric detonator holes, and explosive in blast holes is used for hole bottom first explosion so as to fully utilize the explosive energy.

4. The method for mining open-pit limestone with environmental protection and dust reduction applications as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S2, the water seal blasthole method operation step:

a. the water bag is filled with water, a certain pressure must be kept in the water bag, the water bag is required to be filled with water by using the atmospheric pressure higher than the atmospheric pressure of an operation place, and the ratio of water consumption to the use amount of the explosive is 1: 2;

b. after the blast hole is filled with the explosive, the stemming blocking material and the water bag are sequentially put into the blast hole and filled.

5. The method for mining open-air limestone with environmental protection and dust reduction functions as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S2, the water bag is made of LDP low density polyethylene, a tubular film processed by a blow molding method is used as a material of the water bag, the water bag is positioned close to the hole opening, and the size of the water bag is determined according to the depth and the diameter of the blast hole and has certain tensile and compressive strength.

6. The method for mining open-air limestone with environmental protection and dust reduction applications as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electric shovel is operated to spray water and dust, and the working surface is sprayed with water for 15-20 minutes before the electric shovel is started, and then the effective section of the water jet is directed to the excavation site of the electric shovel to form a water curtain, and the water is sprayed over a large area in S3.

7. The method for mining open-pit limestone for environmental protection and dust reduction according to claim 1, wherein the sprinkling wetting of the open-pit mine transported by a vehicle must be performed along the whole working face area before work in S4, and the water consumption per square meter area is 0.05-0.07m³。

8. The method for mining open-pit limestone with environmental protection and dust reduction functions as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method is characterized in that the method is used for mining open-pit limestone with environmental protection and dust reduction functionsS4, using the open-pit mine transported by railway, sprinkling water for 1-2 times a day and a night on the working face, each time for 10-30 minutes, the water consumption is 80-100m³The water spraying train can spray water for 2-4 working faces.

9. The method for mining open-pit limestone with environmental protection and dust reduction applications as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S5, the chemical wetting agent is mixed in a ratio of 1: 18000 mixing with water, atomizing the mixture with high-pressure gas, and spraying onto the material to moisten the material and increase the surface humidity; in the step S6, a BSD foam dust suppression system is adopted, and the whole dust removal system can be controlled by a central control room as long as water and compressed air are conveyed to each dust generation point.

10. The method for mining open-air limestone with environmental protection and dust reduction functions as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S7, in order to avoid slippage between the belt and the belt wheel, a chemical wetting agent is added into water to reduce water consumption; in S8, compressed air is used as the dust removing mode of the bag-type dust remover, and after dust removal, the dust concentration of the air discharged to the outside is preferably 30-50mg/m²。

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of mining, in particular to a method for mining open-air limestone applied to environmental protection and dust reduction.

Background

China is one of the most abundant countries of limestone mine resources in the world, according to statistics of the local geological center of the original national building materials, the distribution area of limestone in China reaches 43.8 km2, wherein the limestone resource which can become a cement raw material accounts for 1/4-1/3 of the total resource, seven and eight thousand limestone mine sites are found at present, 1286 of the reserves are found, and 542 hundred of the ore reserves are kept in total, wherein 504 hundred million of the limestone reserves account for 93 percent, the main raw material of the cement is limestone, the production of the limestone is only inferior to that of coal in class A mineral products, limestone which is only used for cement production every year reaches 11 hundred million of the limestone, at present, the mining mode of limestone mines in China is mainly open bench blasting mining, along with the rapid development of industrial construction, the traditional mining method cannot meet the gradually-increased limestone mine demand and social progress, the development of science and technology also enables the mining industry to develop towards the directions of equipment maximization and intellectualization, mining continuity, operation automation, resource digitization, harmlessness, unmanned mining and the like.

The blasting operation of an open-pit mine field and the mining and loading operation of large-scale excavating equipment generate a large amount of dust, so that dust pollution is brought, the dust pollution is always a troublesome problem in the environmental protection of open-pit mines, the air quality of an operation area and the surrounding environment of the operation area is reduced, the health and life safety of workers are harmed, mechanical equipment is damaged, and various accidents are caused, so that the economic benefits of production and enterprises are influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for mining open-air limestone applied to environmental protection and dust fall, and aims to solve the problems in the background art.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for mining open-pit limestone applied to environmental protection and dust fall comprises the following steps:

s1, performing perforation operation, namely, adopting a wet operation method, additionally arranging a high-pressure water spraying device, and injecting high-pressure water through the center of a drill rod during rock drilling to wet dust in blast holes to form slurry, and then blowing the slurry out by high-pressure airflow blown in by the center of the drill rod;

s2, blasting operation, namely, a water seal blasthole method is adopted, namely, a low-dust blasting technology for dust fall treatment by utilizing water mist generated by water bag explosion is used, high temperature and high pressure generated by water bag explosion when water explosive explosion is used for enabling water part to be vaporized and then to be cooled, a large amount of fog particles which are condensed into very fine fog particles are collided and contacted with smoke dust and dust generated by blasting again, and the dust particles are captured by fog droplets or are lubricated and condensed to be settled;

s3, excavating, wherein water is sprayed for dust reduction, water or chemical additive solution is sprayed to the pile blasting of the working face before excavating, and water is sprayed during excavating;

s4, carrying out loading and transporting operation, namely sprinkling water on the strip mine transported by the automobile by using a sprinkling device or a sprinkling truck provided with a water gun, suppressing dust by using a sprinkling train in the strip mine transported by the railway, adopting a fixed spray pipe for continuous sprinkling when excavating soft ore rocks, and taking sprinkling water by the sprinkling train or the sprinkling truck as a supplementary measure;

s5, crushing, namely arranging a spray dust-settling device at each material port of the crusher for wet operation, and adding a chemical wetting agent to keep a certain moisture content on the surface of the material;

s6, screening, namely, combining foam dust suppression and dry fog dust suppression into a whole by adopting a BSD foam dust suppression system, suppressing the diffusion of dust at the source of dust generation, keeping the dust in a stage of not floating and diffusing into the air all the time, and directly treating the dust on site;

s7, carrying out belt transportation, sealing and spraying dust suppression by adopting transfer points, sealing the head and the tail of each transfer point by 2-6m, uniformly arranging spray nozzles in the cover, and atomizing water into fog drops by using high-pressure gas through the spray nozzles to condense and collide with the fog drops to capture the raised dust in the air in the cover;

and S8, storing the finished product in a bin, adopting a cloth bag for dust removal maintenance, arranging the cloth bag at the top of various powder material storage bins, and collecting fine dry dust.

Further optimizing the technical scheme, in the step S1, 0.1-0.005% of wetting agent can be added into water, so that the surface tension of the water is reduced, and the wetting capacity is increased.

Further optimizing the technical scheme, in the step S2, the high-precision micro-difference hole-by-hole detonation of the non-electric detonator is adopted, and the explosive in the blast hole is filled to realize the hole bottom first explosion so as to fully utilize the explosive energy.

Further optimizing the technical scheme, in the step S2, the water seal blasthole method comprises the following steps:

a. the water bag is filled with water, a certain pressure must be kept in the water bag, the water bag is required to be filled with water by using the atmospheric pressure higher than the atmospheric pressure of an operation place, and the ratio of water consumption to the use amount of the explosive is 1: 2;

b. after the blast hole is filled with the explosive, the stemming blocking material and the water bag are sequentially put into the blast hole and filled.

In step S2, the water bag is made of LDP-low density polyethylene, and a tubular film formed by blow molding is used as a material of the water bag, the water bag is placed near the hole opening, and the water bag has a specification determined by the depth and diameter of the hole and a certain tensile strength and compressive strength.

Further optimizing the technical scheme, in the step S3, when the electric shovel works, various water sprayers and spraying ventilation devices are used for sprinkling water and preventing dust, before the electric shovel starts working, all the surfaces of the working face are sprinkled for 15-20 minutes, and then the effective section of the water jet is aligned to the excavation place of the electric shovel to form a water curtain and sprinkle water in a large area.

Further optimizing the technical scheme, in the S4, the water spraying and wetting of the strip mine transported by the automobile must be carried out in the whole area of the working face before the strip mine goes to work, and the water consumption per square meter area is 0.05-0.07m³。

Further optimizing the technical scheme that in S4, the open-pit mine transported by the railway is sprinkled on the working face for 1-2 times a day and a night, each time lasts for 10-30 minutes, and the water consumption is 80-100m³The water spraying train can spray water for 2-4 working faces.

Further optimizing the technical scheme, in the step S5, the chemical wetting agent is added according to the weight ratio of 1: 18000 mixing with water, atomizing the mixture with high-pressure gas, and spraying onto the material to moisten the material and increase the surface humidity.

Further optimizing the technical scheme, in the step S6, the BSD foam dust suppression system is adopted, and as long as water and compressed air are delivered to each dust generation point, the whole dust removal system can be controlled by one central control room.

Further optimizing this technical scheme, in S7, in order to avoid skidding between belt and the band pulley, add chemical wetting agent in aqueous, reduce the water consumption.

Further optimizing the technical scheme, in S8, the dust removing mode of the bag-type dust remover adopts compressed air pulse blowing dust removing operation, and after dust removal, the dust concentration of the air discharged to the outdoor is preferably 30-50mg/m²。

Advantageous effects

Compared with the prior art, the invention provides the open-air limestone mining method applied to environmental protection and dust fall, and the method has the following beneficial effects:

1. according to the open-air limestone mining method applied to environment-friendly dust fall, before detonation, the drilled rock powder and dust on the surface of an explosive are subjected to wetting treatment, the problem that the dust is formed by explosion vibration and shock wave action can be avoided, the selected LDP low-density polyethylene tubular film water bag can accelerate the degradation speed of water bag residues after explosion, the environmental pollution is less, the wall of the water bag is thinner, the water mist droplet scattering speed and the water droplet radius can be increased, the atomization volume is increased, and the scattering effect is improved.

2. The open-air limestone mining method applied to environmental protection and dust fall comprises the steps that a mining area is provided with sprinkling equipment, water is sprayed or sprinkled on blasting piles, a mining working face and an ore conveying road in the mining area, the mining, loading and transporting processes are carried out, a specially-assigned person is arranged to clean the conveying road and is provided with a sprinkling truck to regularly sprinkle water on the conveying road, and dust overflow is reduced for a closed belt corridor for conveying ores by a conveying belt.

3. The open-air limestone mining method applied to environment-friendly dust fall adopts the BSD foam dust suppression system, can simplify dust removal management work, can easily realize that the whole dust removal system is controlled by a central control room as long as water and compressed air are conveyed to each dust production point, and dust suppression technology does not need to remove ash, thereby avoiding secondary pollution, improving the working condition of dust removal management personnel, reducing the occupied space of the dust suppression system, saving the effective space in a plant, reducing capital investment and greatly reducing the dust removal operation cost.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for mining open-air limestone for environmental protection and dust reduction according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of water seal blasting charging applied to the environment-friendly dust-settling open-air limestone mining method provided by the invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

A method for mining open-pit limestone applied to environmental protection and dust fall comprises the following steps:

s1, performing perforation operation, namely, adding a high-pressure water spraying device by adopting a wet operation method, injecting high-pressure water through the center of a drill rod during rock drilling to wet dust in blast holes to form slurry, blowing the slurry by high-pressure airflow blown in by the center of the drill rod, and simultaneously adding 0.1-0.005% of wetting agent into water to reduce the surface tension of the water and increase the wetting capacity;

s2, blasting operation, namely, a water seal blasthole method is adopted, namely, a low-dust blasting technology for performing dust fall treatment by utilizing water mist generated by water bag explosion is utilized, the water bag is filled with water, a certain pressure must be kept in the water bag, the water bag is required to be filled with water by using the atmospheric pressure higher than the operating place, the ratio of water consumption to explosive usage is 1: after the blast hole is filled with explosive, sequentially putting stemming blocking material and a water bag into the blast hole, filling, wherein the water bag adopts LDP (low-density polyethylene), a tubular film processed by a blow molding method is used as a water bag material, the position of the water bag is arranged at a position close to the hole opening, the specification of the water bag is determined according to the depth and the diameter of the blast hole, and the water bag has certain tensile and compressive strength;

s3, excavating, namely, performing dust suppression by water spraying, blasting piles on a working surface or spraying chemical additive solution before excavating, spraying water during excavating, spraying water and dust prevention by using various water sprayers and spray ventilation devices during the operation of the electric shovel, spraying water for 15-20 minutes on the whole surface of the working surface before starting the operation, and then aligning the effective section of water jet to the excavation site of the electric shovel to form a water curtain and spray water in a large area;

s4, shipping, open pit for automobile transportation, sprinkling water by means of a sprinkling device or a sprinkling truck with a water gun, wherein the sprinkling is needed to be performed when the water is wetThe water consumption per square meter area is 0.05-0.07m³The dust suppression is carried out by using a water spraying train in open-pit mines transported by railways, water is sprayed on a working face for 1 to 2 times every day and night, each time lasts for 10 to 30 minutes, and the water consumption is 80 to 100m³The sprinkling train can be used for sprinkling water on 2-4 working faces, a fixed spray pipe is preferably adopted for continuous sprinkling when soft ore rocks are excavated, and sprinkling of the sprinkling train or sprinkling truck is taken as a supplementary measure;

s5, crushing, wherein each material port of the crusher is provided with a spray dust-settling device for wet operation, a chemical wetting agent is added to keep a certain moisture content of the surface of the material, and the chemical wetting agent is added according to the proportion of 1: 18000 mixing with water, atomizing the mixture with high-pressure gas, and spraying onto the material to moisten the material and increase the surface humidity;

s6, screening, namely, combining foam dust suppression and dry fog dust suppression into a whole by adopting a BSD foam dust suppression system, suppressing the diffusion of dust at the source of dust generation, keeping the dust in a stage of not floating and diffusing into the air all the time, and directly treating the dust on site;

s7, conveying by a belt, sealing and spraying dust suppression by adopting transfer points, sealing the head and the tail of the belt at each transfer point for 2-6m, uniformly arranging spray nozzles in a cover, atomizing water into fog drops through the spray nozzles by using high-pressure gas, condensing the fog drops, and capturing raised dust in the air in the cover by collision, wherein in order to avoid slipping between the belt and a belt wheel, a chemical wetting agent is added into the water, so that the water consumption is reduced;

s8, storing in finished product warehouse, maintaining by cloth bag dust removal, arranging on the top of various powder material storage warehouse for collecting fine dry dust, performing dust cleaning by compressed air pulse blowing, and discharging to the outdoor air with dust concentration of 30-50mg/m after dust removal²。

The invention has the beneficial effects that: before detonation, the drilling rock powder and dust on the surface of a blasting object are subjected to wetting treatment, so that the blasting vibration and shock wave action can be avoided to form raised dust, the selected LDP low-density polyethylene tubular film water bag can accelerate the degradation speed of residues of the water bag after blasting, the environmental pollution is less, the wall of the water bag is thinner, the water mist droplet throwing speed and the water droplet radius can be increased, the atomization volume is increased, and the throwing effect is improved; the mining area is provided with sprinkling equipment for sprinkling water or sprinkling water on a blasting pile, a mining working face and an ore conveying road in the mining area, the mining, loading and transporting processes are carried out, a specially-assigned person is arranged to clean the conveying road and a sprinkling truck is arranged to regularly sprinkle water on the conveying road, and dust overflow is reduced for a closed belt corridor for conveying ores by a conveying belt; the BSD foam dust suppression system is adopted, dust removal management work can be simplified, the whole dust removal system can be easily controlled by a central control room as long as water and compressed air are conveyed to each dust production point, dust suppression technology does not need to remove ash, secondary pollution is avoided, accordingly, working conditions of dust removal management personnel are improved, the dust suppression system occupies little space, effective space in a plant can be saved, capital construction investment is reduced, and dust removal operation cost is greatly reduced.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.